standardization of oxygen monitoring and suctioning for inpatient care of bronchiolitis in an...
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Standardization of Oxygen Monitoring and Suctioning for Inpatient Care of Bronchiolitis in an Academically-Affiliated Community Setting
Grant Mussman, M.D.
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Liberty Township Inpatient Facility
• 12 bed inpatient satellite facility – Attending-only coverage– Experienced nursing staff
• Most patients with bronchiolitis admitted from the ED or from Children’s Hospital-run urgent cares
• Small quality improvement team – 3 Respiratory Therapists– 4 Nurses– 2 MDs
• Less red tape
Why Standardize our Management?• Bronchiolitis is a big problem
– 2.9% of infants in the U.S. hospitalized with bronchiolitis each year, at an estimated cost of $543 million dollars annually.
– Hospitalization rates and length of hospital stays have increased dramatically in recent years.
• Considerable practice variability exists in the use and interpretation of pulse oximetry data, which has been shown to be associated with increased resource utilization and length of stay (Willson 2001, Plint 2004)
• Variability in care is confusing, leads to communication problems, and can be costly and detrimental to care (extra procedures, increased length of stay)– Informal survey results: perception of variation
Our Goals
• Global Aim: To standardize care, utilizing the best available evidence.
• Specific Aim: By March of 2010, 90% of otherwise healthy infants < 1 year and > 2 months of age admitted to LA1W with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis should receive care conforming to an evidence-based care pathway.
Key Drivers
• Knowledge of Respiratory Status• Defined Criteria for Oximetry and Oxygen use• Awareness and buy-in of staff, especially
nursing• Awareness and buy-in of parents
MD initials for informal education:
Yes
No
No
< 90-91%> 94%
91-94 %
No
Yes
No
No
Did any deviation from the pathway occur? (cicle one)Yes No
If yes, describe briefly here or in EPIC
Did discharge occur within 6 hours after O2 weaned? Yes
NoIf not, why not? (circle one)
Nutrition/PO intake Suctioning
Social Reasons Other (describe briefly)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Patient Admitted to LA1W
Respiratory Assessment- Position Patient
- Suction if needed - Record in EPIC
- Check Oxygen Saturation
Patient on Oxygen?
Measure Oxygen
Saturation
Intermittent SpO2 monitoringConsider continuous CV monitor
Continuous Oxygen Monitor, CV monitor
Oxygen Saturation
>91%?
Add Oxygen
Patient Improving?
6 hours off O2?
Meets all other discharge criteria?
Discharge
Wean O2 aggressively
Increase O2
Re-assess in 2 hours or sooner if needed
Wean O2 as tolerated
Parent Education by
Physician
Intervention #1:The Protocol:
-Emphasizes frequent respiratory assessment and suctioning
-Clear guidelines for starting and stopping monitors
-Not a radical departure from current practice
Flow Sheet Elements
• The Respiratory Assessment– Nursing Driven– Consistency in
SaO2 measurement– Every 2 hours and
PRN
Patient Admitted to LA1W
Respiratory Assessment- Position Patient
- Suction if needed - Record in EPIC
- Check Oxygen Saturation
Parent Education
by Physician
Clinical Pathway Elements
• Monitor and O2 decision tree
• Allows for rapid weaning
• Movement to intermittent monitoring in 2 hours or less
Patient on Oxygen?
Measure
Oxygen Saturati
on Intermittent SpO2 monitoringConsider continuous CV monitor
Continuous Oxygen Monitor, CV monitor
Oxygen Saturati
on >91%?
Add Oxygen
Wean O2 aggressively
Increase O2
Wean O2 as tolerated
>94<90
Yes
No
91-94
Clinical Pathway Elements
• Discharge vs Reassessment
• Return to top of flow chart
Patient Improving?
6 hours off O2?
Meets all other
discharge criteria?
Discharge
Re-assess in 2 hours or sooner if needed
Wean O2 as tolerated
Outcome Metrics: Primary Outcomes
• Variation from pathway, as reported by nurses or physicians– Failure to complete paper documentation
assumed to mean variation from pathway
• Number of respiratory assessments performed as documented in EMR– Normalized to 2-hour time blocks– So, the more assessments per 2 hour block, the
better
Other Metrics
• Length of Stay– Short baseline (28.5 hours in 2009)
• Albuterol Usage– Infrequent use at baseline
• Patient Satisfaction Score– Baseline is very high at our satellite facility– New feedback form specific for bronchiolitis
Results
• Fifty-nine qualifying admissions between January 10th and March 3rd
– Admitted to satellite facility with diagnosis of bronchiolitis, RSV, or viral pneumonia
• Average length of stay: 29 hours• Ages: 11 days – 18 months• Average age: 5.6 months
Variation and Use of Clinical Guideline
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
4-Feb 12-Feb 19-Feb 5-Mar
Percent
% RN compliance
% MDCompliance
% MonitoringVariation
% DischargeVariation
Feb 4: Protocol started
Feb 12: RN education, Protocol off chart to room
Feb19: “Huddles”
Mar 5: admissions fall off
Decrease in Standard Deviation of Respiratory Assessment Frequency
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1/2/2010 1/12/2010 1/22/2010 2/1/2010 2/11/2010 2/21/2010 3/3/2010 3/13/2010
Asse
ssm
ents
per
2 h
ou
r b
lock
PDSA 1
PDSA 2
Length of Stay
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1/2/2010 1/12/2010 1/22/2010 2/1/2010 2/11/2010 2/21/2010 3/3/2010 3/13/2010
ho
urs
Lessons Learned
• Desirability of standardization of evidence-based practice in bronchioiltis
• Quality improvement is a useful tool for achieving that standardization
• Staff “buy-in” very important• Having an EMR can facilitate more powerful
data analyses, making improvement more effective
Conclusion
• Quality improvement can be a very useful clinical tool
• Knowing what to do isn’t always enough; you have to be able to actually do it, and know how you know you did it.
Future Directions
• Increasing compliance from 70% to 90%– Addressing shift discrepancy
• More specific metrics– Process measures (e.g. discharge efficiency)– Effects on outcomes?
• Other QI processes– Liberty as a “clinical laboratory”
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