statewide pedestrian master plan · mission to provide a safe, efficient and accessible highway...
Post on 25-May-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Prepared for
Highways DivisionDepartment of Transportation
State of HawaiiMay 2013
Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan
This report was funded in part through a grant from the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. The views and opinions of the agency expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Intro-1STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
The State of Hawaii continues its commitment to making pedestrians safer on our roadways with the completion of our Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan. This plan will provide a solid foundation towards re-conceptualizing our highways and road systems to include an improved focus on pedestrian safety and mobility.
A product of years of collaboration between our state Department of Transportation, county governments, police departments, numerous public and private agencies and community groups, the plan will support a multi-modal transportation system that will provide improved balance between pedestrians, bicyclists,
automobiles and other modes of transportation. Most notably, the plan will provide guidance on the best use of financial resources to implement pedestrian safety initiatives and improvements.
In 2010, there were 27 pedestrian fatalities in Hawaii statewide, a 41% increase from the previous year. Prior to 2010, pedestrian fatalities rates had been declining steadily since 2005. From January through July 2011, eleven more pedestrians have tragically lost their lives. This figure shows that there is much more work to be done to improve awareness among pedestrians and motorists alike.
Pedestrian fatalities are often due to simple carelessness and inattentive behavior and the rate of error is shared almost equally among drivers and pedestrians. In August 2011, we commemorated our second annual Pedestrian Safety Month, the only statewide pedestrian safety month in the nation, during which we, along with all of our partners, promoted pedestrian safety through enforcement campaigns, sign-waving activities and community workshops to build public awareness.
We will continue our efforts in the community to improve behaviors that affect pedestrian safety while the Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan will guide our transportation improvement projects and construction into the future.
Sincerely,
Neil Abercrombie Governor State of Hawaii
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLANIntro-2
Pedestrian safety continues to be a top priority for the Hawaii Department of Transportation. Hawaii’s goal is a straightforward one, to decrease the number of pedestrian injuries and fatalities statewide. The completion of our Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan will help us to achieve this goal by providing a long-term framework to guide our future highway improvements projects.
The Plan envisions a multi-modal transportation system that provides a safe and well-connected pedestrian network that encourages walking among all ages and abilities. This system would promote a positive pedestrian experience, environmental, economic
and social sustainability, while also fostering healthy lifestyles and energy conservation.
In practice, the Plan will identify the most critical needs of our highway system infrastructure, including safety improvements or repairs, and develop projects to address the problems. It will also prioritize projects for implementation and provide guidance on the most effective use of federal, state and local resources. The Plan’s companion document, the Hawaii Pedestrian Toolbox is currently under development. It identifies best practices in designing for pedestrian safety, mobility and accessibility and will serve as a resource for planners and designers.
All too often we hear about pedestrian fatalities and injuries that could’ve been prevented simply with greater attentiveness. The Plan will not only establish infrastructure and safety guidance for the state, but also include public education and law enforcement strategies to maximize its overall effectiveness.
Many organizations were essential to the creation of this plan, including our federal transportation partners, county governments, our local police departments and community groups too numerous to mention here, but we thank them all for their diligent work towards making Hawaii a safer place for all of us and our families.
Special thanks also go to the members of our Technical Advisory Committee and Citizen Advisory Committee for their recommendations and important advice that proved vital to the creation of the master plan.
Sincerely,
Glenn OkimotoDirectorHawaii Department of Transportation
Intro-3STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Table of ConTenTS
Acknowledgements
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Executive Summary
1. Introduction and Background1.1 Purpose of the Plan1.2 Vision for the Statewide Pedestrian System1.3 Goals and Objectives of the Plan1.4 Consistency with Plans and Policies
1.4.1 Federal Laws and Policies1.4.2 State Plans and Policies1.4.3 Local Plans and Policies
2. Approach2.1 Plan Development Process2.2 Public Involvement
2.2.1 StakeholderCommittees2.2.2 SmallGroupMeetingsandIndividualInterviews2.2.3 Public Workshops2.2.4 OutreachtoSpecialPopulations2.2.5 Website
2.3 Decision-Making Process
3. Existing Pedestrian Environment3.1 County of Hawaii
3.1.1 StateHighwaysandPedestrianInfrastructure3.1.2 PedestrianSafety3.1.3 Pedestrian-OrientedPopulations
3.2 County of Maui3.2.1 StateHighwaysandPedestrianInfrastructure3.2.2 PedestrianSafety3.2.3 Pedestrian-OrientedPopulations
3.3 County of Kauai 3.3.1 StateHighwaysandPedestrianInfrastructure3.3.2 PedestrianSafety3.3.3 Pedestrian-OrientedPopulations
3.4 City and County of Honolulu3.4.1 StateHighwaysandPedestrianInfrastructure3.4.2 PedestrianSafety3.4.3 Pedestrian-OrientedPopulations
4. Areas of Concern4.1 Methodology4.2 County of Hawaii4.3 County of Maui 4.4 County of Kauai4.5 City and County of Honolulu
5. Recommendations5.1 Solutions Development5.2 Prioritization Process5.3 Recommended Project Solutions5.4 Recommended Program Solutions
6. Implementation6.1 Hawaii Pedestrian Toolbox6.2 Funding Strategies6.3 Performance Measures and Monitoring
AppendicesA Plan and Policy ReviewB Public Involvement SummaryC Existing Conditions ReportD Methodology for Areas of Concern E Areas of Concern Project DescriptionsF Prioritization ProcessG Funding Strategies
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLANIntro-4
Stakeholder Category OrganizationPedestrian Get Fit Kauai
Bicyclist PeoplesAdvocacyforTrailsHawaii
Senior AARP
ADA EyeofthePacificGuideDogs/HawaiiCenterforIndependentLiving
Vehicle DTRICInsurance
Transit TransitRider
Education DepartmentofEducation
Student UHDepartmentofUrbanandRegionalPlanningStudent
Developer LandUseResearchFoundationofHawaii
Resident/NeighborhoodBoard Maui Resident
Business Owner HawaiiChamberofCommerce
Health Kaiser Hospital
Tourism OutriggerHotels
Enforcement Honolulu Police Department
Cultural Resource Oahu Aha Moku
PublicatLarge AmericanPlanningAssociation
PublicatLarge General public
aCknowledgeMenTSThe project team would like to express sincere gratitude to all of the public officials, pedestrian advocates, and citizen participants who shared their time, energy, and talents in the development of this Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan.
Technical Advisory CommitteeHDOTDesignBranch
HDOTHighwaySafetyBranchOffice
HDOTProjectCoordinationandTechnicalServices
HDOTTrafficBranch
HDOTHawaiiDistrictOffice
HDOTKauaiDistrictOffice
HDOTMauiDistrictOffice
HDOTOahuDistrictOffice
CountyofHawaiiPlanningDepartment
CountyofHawaiiDepartmentofPublicWorks
CountyofHawaiiMassTransitAgency
CountyofKauaiPlanningDepartment
CountyofKauaiDepartmentofPublicWorks
CountyofKauaiTransportationAgency
CountyofMauiPlanningDepartment
CountyofMauiDepartmentofPublicWorks
CountyofMauiDepartmentofTransportation
CityandCountyofHonoluluDepartmentofTransportationServices
CityandCountyofHonoluluPublicTransitDivision
FederalHighwayAdministration(ex-officio)
Speciality ResourcesDepartmentofLandandNaturalResources
HDOTLandscape
HDOTRightOfWayBranch
HDOTOfficeofCivilRights
DisabilityandCommunicationsAccessBoard(DCAB)
Intro-5STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
liST of aCronyMS and abbreviaTionS
AADT averageannualdailytraffic
ADA AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct
AOC AreaofConcern
CAC CitizensAdvisoryCommittee
DCAB DisabilityandCommunicationAccessBoard
FHWA FederalHighwayAdministration
FTA FederalTransitAdministration
GIS geographicinformationsystem
HDOT HawaiiDepartmentofTransportation
HSHSP HawaiiStrategicHighwaySafetyPlan,2007thru2012
HSTP HawaiiStatewideTransportationPlan
LED light-emittingdiode
LRLTP Long-RangeLandTransportationPlan
MAP-21 MovingAheadforProgressinthe21stCenturyAct
mph miles per hour
Plan Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan
POP pedestrian-orientedpopulations
SRTS SafeRoutesToSchool
STIP StatewideTransportationImprovementProgram
TAC TechnicalAdvisoryCommittee
TAP TransportationAlternativesProgram
USDOT UnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportation
WWH Walk Wise Hawaii
In the town of Naalehu, there is sidewalk on the makai side of Mamalahoa Highway.
Intro-7STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
executive Summary
A pedestrian bridge in Eleele, Kauai allows pedestrians to cross the road above traffic
ES-1STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Hawaii’s integrated and multi-modal transportation system provides a safe and well-connected pedestrian network that encourages walking among all ages and abilities. The system: • Promotes a positive pedestrian
experience• Promotes environmental, economic
and social sustainability• Fosters healthy lifestyles• Conserves energy
More people in Hawaii choose to walk for both transportation and recreation as a result of enhanced walking environments, mobility, accessibility, safety, and connectivity throughout the transportation system.
viSio
n
exeCuTive SuMMary As identified in the Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan, 2007 thru 2012, Hawaii has experienced a high level of pedestrian fatalities. Between 2000 and 2009, Hawaii had an average of 2.4 pedestrian deaths per 100,000 people; the national average is 1.3.
TheStateofHawaiiDepartmentofTransportation
(HDOT)recognizedtheneedtocomplementother
programsthataddresspedestriansafetybypreparing
acommunity-basedStatewidePedestrianMasterPlan
(Plan)forthestate’shighwaysystem.
ThePlan’scomprehensiveapproachnotonlyfocuses
onimprovingpedestriansafety,itevaluateswaysto
enhancepedestrianmobilityandaccessibilitytohelp
createamulti-modaltransportationsystem.ThePlan
servesasonecomponentofimplementingtheHDOT’s
missiontoprovideasafe,efficientandaccessible
highwaysystem.ThePlanalsoprioritizespedestrian
infrastructureimprovementsandprograms,promotes
theCompleteStreetsvisionforthestate,andfulfills
federalrequirementsformultimodalplanning.
This Plan identifies ways to improve pedestrian safety
through the:
• Engineeringofinfrastructurechanges
• Educationofpedestriansanddrivers
• Encouragementofbetterpedestriananddriver
awareness
• Enforcementofexistingpedestrianlaws
• Evaluation andplanningofnewprojectsandprograms
• Equityinservingthediverseneedsofpedestrians
Vision for the Pedestrian SystemThevisionandgoalsforHawaii’spedestriansystemwere
developedbythestakeholders(thatis,theTechnicalAdvisory
Committee[TAC]andCitizensAdvisoryCommittee[CAC]),
incoordinationwiththeHDOT.Goalswereformulatedto
implementthevisionandmaintainconsistencywithother
HDOTtransportationsystemgoals.Thevisiondevelopedby
theTACandCACisasfollows:
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLANES-2
areas of Concern (aoC)
Areas of Concern are places where pedestrian improvements are needed to improve accessibility, safety, and connectivity, or to provide access to pedestrian-oriented populations.
Public Meeting in Hilo, HI
Plan Formulation and Public InvolvementThemajortasksinformulatingthePlanareshownin
FigureES-1.Formulationincludedasteppedprocess
designedtogainvalidationbykeystakeholdersalong
theway.Therewasextensivepublicinvolvement
throughprojectcommittees(theTACandCAC),
outreachtothegeneralpublic,andtheuseofaproject
website www.hawaiipedplan.com.TheTACincluded
technicalstaffoffederal,state,and
localagenciesandjurisdictions
withinterestintheproject.
TheCACprovidedabalanced
representationofstakeholder
interests,affectedcommunities,
geographicareas,ages,and
diversepopulations,aswellasa
communicationlinkwiththose
interestsandcommunities.
CharteringMeeting
TAC CAC
CAC CAC CACTACTACTAC
2010 2011
TAC CAC TAC
Review ExistingConditions
Establish Criteria for AOCs and Prioritization
ID Areasof Concern
Develop ProjectList and Funding
Strategies
TASK EIGHTTASK SIXTASK FOUR
TASK FIVE
TASK THREETASK TWO TASK SEVEN
DevelopPerformance
Measures
Develop Vision, Goals, Objectives and Design Guidelines
ID andPrioritizeSolutions
PublicWorkshops
PublicWorkshops
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting
Citizens Advisory Committee Meeting
TAC CAC
TASK ONEStatewide Pedestrian Master Plan
TAC
FIGURE ES-1MajorTasksandTimelineofProject
ES-3STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Rank ID # Project Name Description Potential Solution
1 O-9
Vineyard Boulevard, at Queen Emma Intersection, Oahu
ThereisconsiderablepedestrianactivityintheareaoftheVineyardBoulevard/QueenEmmaStreetintersectionwithtwoschoolsandseniorhousingnearby.2004-2008crashdata indicates that most crashes occurred whentherewasaconflictbetweenturningvehiclesandpedestrianscrossingVineyardBoulevard.
Reviewthetrafficsignaltimingto determine whether a leadingpedestrianintervalisfeasible,addadditionalsignagetoalertdriversofpedestrians,and implement Walk Wise Hawaii(WWH),aneducationalprogramtoeducatethesurroundingcommunityaboutpedestriananddriverawareness.
5 K-2
Kuhio Highway, between Wilcox Memorial Hospital and Hanamaulu Road, Kauai
ThereisaconcernforpedestrianswalkingalongthissectionofKuhioHighway,wheretherearenosidewalks,erodingsectionsofsidewalk,andabridgewithnarrowshoulders.
Improvepedestrianconnectionsbyreplacingerodedsidewalks,closingsidewalkgaps,andreplacingthefootbridgealongKuhioHighwayfromWilcoxMemorialHospital to Hanamaulu Road.
10 H-3Mamalahoa Highway, Naalehu, Hawaii
ThemaukasideofMamalahoaHighwaylacksadequatepedestrianfacilitiesinNaalehu.Althoughthemakaisidehasasidewalkingoodcondition,itdoesn’tcontinuewestthroughthetowncenter.Thesitewouldbenefitfromadditionalsidewalkstoenhancepedestrianconnectivityfromtheparks,school,andservices.
ImprovepedestrianconnectivitybyclosingsidewalkgapsalongMamalahoaHighwaythroughthetownofNaalehutoOhaiRoad.
12 M-2Kaahumanu Avenue, Kahului, Maui
TheareaalongKaahumanuAvenuewherethesidewalkisdiscontinuouscreatesagapforpedestrianconnectivity.Intheseareas,peopleeitherwalkalongaprivateparkinglot,inthebikelane,orinthelandscaping.
FillsidewalksgapswiththeadditionofsidewalksorwalkwaysalongKaahumanuAvenuebetweenWharfStreetandKainaniStreet.Developwayfindingsignageforvisitorsin the area.
The following table illustrates the top project recommendation for each island from the prioritization process. A full list of prioritized projects can be found in Chapter 5.
Prioritized Areas of Concern Asaresultofthecommunity-basedplandevelopmentprocess,
aprioritizedlistof31areasofconcernwasidentified.Thekey
factorsfordeterminingtheareasofconcernwerelocations
wherethereare:
1. Gapsinthepedestriansystem
2. Highconcentrationsofpedestrian-orientedpopulations
(elderly,youth,low-income,andhouseholdswithnoaccess
tovehicles)
3. Pedestrianhotspots(pedestriancrashes)
4. Needsforimprovedaccessibilitytopedestrianattractors,
suchasschools,shoppingcenters,employmentcenters,
communitycenters,hospitals,andtouristdestinations
Thesefactorsweredeterminedbydevelopinganinventory
oftheexistingpedestrianenvironment.Theconditions
reviewedwereexistingpedestrianfacilities,landuse,transit
routes,pedestrianattractors,classificationofroadways,
censuscharacteristics,andlocationsofpedestriancrashes.
Theexistingconditions,whichwerereviewedandvalidated
bythestakeholdercommitteesandthepublic,providedthe
foundationfortheidentificationoftheareasofconcern.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLANES-4
ImplementationTheHDOTiscommittedtoensuringthattheworkdescribed
inthisPlanleadstoimplementationofprojectsandprograms
thatwillbenefitpedestriansthroughoutthestate.TheHDOT
willmoveforwardwiththreestrategiestoensureeffective
implementationofthisPlan:
1 – Referencing best practices in pedestrian-oriented design.TheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox,acompaniondocumenttothisPlan,wasdevelopedtoidentify
bestpracticesindesigningforpedestriansafety,mobility,and
accessibility,includinglayoutofsidewalks,presenceandtiming
ofpedestriancrossingsignals,accessmanagementalong
roadways,andintersectiondesign.TheHawaiiPedestrian
Toolboxwillserveasaresourceforplannersanddesigners
seekingtoprovidebetterconsiderationforpedestriansin
design.
2 – Seeking funding for projects.Fundingisscarceforalltypesoftransportationprojects.Sixmethodsareidentified
topursuefundingorensurethattheprojectand/orprogram
identifiedgetsimplemented.
1. Determinewhichpedestriansolutionscanbeimplemented
aspartofanotherprojectorprogramthatisalready
programmed.
2 Determinewhichpedestrianimprovementscanbe
implementedaspartofmaintenanceimprovements.
3. Createanindividualstand-aloneproject,ifanimprovement
can’tbeimplementedaspartofanotherroadwayproject.
4. Lookforfederalfundingopportunities.
5 EvaluatethepotentialforPublic-PrivatePartnerships.
6. Recommendthatnewdevelopmentsincorporate
appropriatepedestrianimprovements.
ES-5STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Pedestrian Mall in Chinatown, Honolulu
Extra wide pedestrian crosswalk in Downtown, Honolulu
3 – Monitoring the performance of this Plan. Performancemeasuresareusedforevidence-based
decisionmakingandforecasting,aswellasmonitoring
progresstowardslong-termgoalsandobjectives.
PerformancemeasuresweredevelopedbytheTACand
CACthatarealignedwitheachgoalandobjective.The
HDOTiscommittedtomonitoringandevaluatingthe
performanceofthisPlan.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLANES-6
An advance pedestrian warning sign near Downtown, Honolulu
ES-7STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
CHaPTer 1Introduction and Background
Roadway and pedestrian facilities along Kuhio Highway in Lihue, Kauai
1-1STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
ThisPlanhelpstofulfillthevisionoftheHawaii Strategic
Highway Safety Plan, 2007 thru 2012 (HSHSP)ofreducing
traffic-relateddeaths.ThisPlanhasbeendevelopedthrough
acommunity–basedprocessandidentifieswaystoimprove
pedestriansafetythroughthe:
• Engineering ofinfrastructurechanges
• Education ofpedestriansanddrivers
• Encouragement ofbetterpedestriananddriverawareness
• Enforcement ofexistingpedestrianlaws
• Evaluationandplanningofnewprojectsandprograms
• Equityinservingthediverseneedsofpedestrians
1. inTroduCTion and baCkgroundThe Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan (Plan) is a comprehensive strategy developed by the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) for improving pedestrian safety, mobility, and accessibility along state highways throughout Hawaii.
Pedestrianfacilitiesareacriticalpartofawell-functioning
transportationsystem.Everytravelerisapedestrianatsome
pointduringtheirtrip,ifonlywhentravelingtoandfrom
motorizedvehicles.Theextenttowhichtravelersdependon
pedestrianfacilitiesvaries—sometravelersdrivemostofthe
time,othersusepublictransportation,andstillotherscannot
orchoosenottodrive,andthereforedependmoreheavilyon
thepedestriansystem.Regardlessoftheneedsofindividual
travelers,allusersofthetransportationsystembenefitfrom
asafe,well-connected,andwell-maintainedpedestrian
network.
Pedestrian: Hawaii State law defines a Pedestrian as:
“Any person who is afoot or who is using a wheelchair or a means of conveyance propelled by human power other than a bicycle”
Pedestrian facility: Infrastructure that is designed specifically for use by a pedestrian. These include:• Sidewalks• Crosswalks (signalized and non-signalized)• Shared use paths
Highway shoulders are not specifically designated and designed for use by pedestrians, and are therefore not considered pedestrian facilities in the context of this Plan.
State Highways:
Roadways, highways and freeways under the jurisdiction of the HDOT, Highways Division. State highways are typically arterials and/or higher speed roadways.
Complete Street: A transportation facility that is planned, designed, operated, and maintained to provide safe mobility for all users, including bicyclists, pedestrians, transit riders, movers of freight, and motorists appropriate to the function and context of the facility.
key d
efinifTio
nS
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN1-2
Figure1-1depictsstatehighwayswithineachcountyoftheStateofHawaii.ThisPlanseekstorecognizeandincorporatethe
diversityofthestate,andprovidesolutionsforeachcountythatareappropriatetoitscontext.
FIGURE 1-1 HawaiiStateHighwaysbyCounty
Diversity of the transportation system in Hawaii.
LegendState Highways
$0 40 80 Miles
1 in = 40 miles
LegendState Highways
$0 40 80 Miles
1 in = 40 miles
County of Kauai
City and County of Honolulu
County of Hawaii
LegendState Highways
$0 40 80 Miles
1 in = 40 milesLegendState Highways
$0 40 80 Miles
1 in = 40 miles
County of Maui
Each county within the state differs by
population, demographics, use of the
transportation system, and desire for change.
1-3STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
1.1 Purpose of the PlanThepurposeofthePlanistoimprovepedestriansafetyand
enhancepedestrianmobilityonstatehighways.Theneedfor
thisplancomesfromthehighlevelofpedestrianfatalitiesin
Hawaii,asidentifiedintheHawaiiStrategicHighwaySafety
Plan,2007thru2012.Morerecently,theAllianceforBiking
andWalkinglistedHawaiiasthe8thhigheststateinthenation
foroveralllevelsofbicyclingandwalking,butasonlythe30th
forpedestriansafety.1Between2005and2007,Hawaiihad
anaverageof5.5pedestriandeathsper
10,000pedestrians,whilethenational
averageis5.6.1Mostofthepedestrian
fatalitiesthathaveoccurredinHawaiiin
thepastdecadehavebeeninurbanized
areasandmostofthemhaveinvolved
apedestrian65yearsorolder.Many
pedestriancrashesinvolvedcollisions
betweenpedestriansandvehiclesin
crosswalks.
ThisPlanservestheHDOT’s
missiontoprovideasafe,
efficientandaccessiblehighway
system.Ithelpstoprioritize
pedestrianinfrastructureimprovements
andprogramsthroughoutthestate,promotetheComplete
Streetsvisionforthestate,andfulfillfederalrequirementsfor
multimodalplanningasdescribedbelow.
Prioritizing pedestrian improvements.ThePlanidentifies
31projectsthatwillimprovepedestriansafetyandmobility
aroundthestate.Approximatelyhalfofthesolutionsidentified
addressgapsinthepedestriansystemandapproximatelyhalf
involveintersectionswithmultiplecrashes.Theseprojects
wereidentifiedthroughatechnicalanalysisandthoroughly
vettedwithstakeholdersandcommunitiesthroughout
thestate.Chapter4explainstheprocessforidentifying
theareasofconcern,Chapter5describestheprojectand
programrecommendations,andChapter6describesthe
implementationprocessforthePlan.ThePlanwillprovide
guidanceonefficientandeffectiveuseoffederal,stateand
localresourcestoimplementpedestrianinitiatives.
Advancing Complete Streets.Allstateandcounty
transportationagenciesarerequiredbystatelawtoadopt
aCompleteStreetspolicy.TheHDOTadoptedaComplete
Streetspolicythatrequiresconsiderationofalltransportation
modeswhendesigning
neworrenovated
transportationfacilities.
ThisPlanhelpsto
advancethefulfillment
oftheCompleteStreets
policybyprioritizing
improvementstothe
pedestriansystem;asmorepedestrianfacilitiesareadded
orimproveduponstatehighways,thetransportationsystem
becomesmorecompleteandcreatesanenvironmentthat
reducesriskandsupportsthesafemovementofpeoplebyall
modes.
Pedestrian sign waving event in Honolulu, HI.
1 AllianceforBiking&Walking.2010BenchmarkingReport.http://www.peoplepoweredmovement.org/site/index.php/site/memberservices/C529
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN1-4
1.2 Vision for the Statewide Pedestrian SystemBasedonthepurposeofthePlan,thevisionforthestatewide
pedestriansystemwasdevelopedtobeconsistentwiththe
existinggoalsdefinedintheHawaiiStatewideTransportation
Plan(HSTP)andthedraftStatewideLong-RangeLand
TransportationPlan(LRLTP).Thevisionwasdeveloped
throughaniterativeprocess,withinputfromtwostakeholder
committees,theTechnicalAdvisoryCommittee(TAC)andthe
CitizenAdvisoryCommittee(CAC).TheTACincludedtechnical
staffoffederal,state,andlocalagenciesandjurisdictions
withinterestintheproject.TheCACwasformedthroughan
applicationprocessandismadeupofcitizensthroughout
thestate.TheCACprovidedabalancedrepresentation
ofstakeholderinterestsandaffectedcommunities,
geographicareas,ages,anddiversepopulations,aswellasa
communicationlinkwiththoseinterestsandcommunities.
MoreinformationontheCACandTACisprovidedin
Section2.2.
Fulfilling Federal Planning Requirements.ThePlanfulfills
federalandstaterequirementsbyconsideringpedestrian
needsandconcernsintothetransportationplanningprocess.
TheFederallawsenactedundertheMoving Ahead for
Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012(MAP-21)continued
fundingandresourcesformultimodaltransportationoptions
authorizedunderthepriorlegislation.2MAP-21continuesto
buildonandrefinemanyoftheexistinghighway,transit,bike,
andpedestrianprogramsandpolicies.
Additional Benefits.ThePlanwillhelptoimprovethequality
oflife,environment,andlivabilityofHawaii’scommunities.
Itwillbenefitcommunitiesthroughoutthestatebyproviding
optionsforresidentstoincorporatemoreactivityintodaily
life.Studiesshowthatprovisionofinfrastructureforwalking
andbicyclinghasadirectinfluenceonimprovingpublichealth,
particularlybydecreasinglevelsofobesityanddiabetes.
IncreasingpedestrianinfrastructureinHawaiimaynotonly
improvepublicsafetybutmayalsocontributetoimproving
publichealththroughoutthestate.Thegoalsandobjectives
listedinthisPlanarealignedwiththeHealthyHawaiiInitiative
oftheDepartmentofHealthandwiththeNutritionand
PhysicalActivityCoalition,whoseektoimprovepublichealth
throughencouraginggreateramountsofphysicalactivity.
Anotherbenefitofprovidingpedestrianinfrastructureis
offeringtransportationchoicesforresidentsandvisitors
thatreducerelianceonsingle-occupantvehicles,which
canimproveenergyefficiencyintravelandlessenvehicle
emissions.
viSio
n
Hawaii’s integrated and multi-modal transportation system provides a safe and well-connected pedestrian network that encourages walking among all ages and abilities. The system:
• Promotes a positive pedestrian experience
• Promotes environmental, economic and social sustainability
• Fosters healthy lifestyles
• Conserves energy
More people in Hawaii choose to walk for both transportation and recreation as a result of enhanced walking environments, mobility, accessibility, safety, and connectivity throughout the transportation system.
TRANSPORTATION
ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND SAFETY
2 PublicLaw112-141,July6,2012
1-5STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
To Support Hawaii’s Safe And Integrated Multimodal Transportation System
goal 1:Improve pedestrian mobility and accessibility.Objectives:A.Increasepedestrianactivity.B.EncourageuseoftheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox.C.Implementprojectsalongstatehighwaystoenhancemobilityand
accessibility.D.Improvemaintenanceofpedestrianfacilities.
goal 2: Improve pedestrian safety.Objectives:A.Reducethenumberofcrashesandfatalitiesinvolvingpedestrians.B.Increasedriverandpedestrianknowledgeoflaws,legal
requirements,rights,andresponsibilities.C.Modifydriverandpedestrianbehaviorstoimprovepedestrian
safety.D.Usebestpracticesfordesignandoperationofallpedestrian
crossings.
goal 3:Improve connectivity of the pedestrian network.Objectives:A.Supportdevelopmentofseamlessandcontinuouspedestrian
networksalongstatehighwayswithconnectionstopaths,walkways,trails,transitcenters,railstations,andotherpedestrianfacilities.
B.Encouragepedestrianconnectivityacrossjurisdictions.C.SupportSafeRoutestoSchoolprogramstoencouragemorestudents
towalktoandfromschool.
To Protect and Enhance Hawaii’s Unique Environment and Quality of LIfe
goal 4:Promote environmental benefits of walking.Objectives:A.Broadenpublicawarenessabouttheenvironmentalbenefitsof
pedestriantravel.B.Reduceoverallvehiclemilestraveledthroughincreasedpedestrian
trips.C.Increasetheuseofothermodesoftransportationthatreducethe
useoffossilfuels.D.Integratepedestrianfacilitydesignwiththenaturalenvironmentto
thegreatestextentpossible.
goal 5: Encourage walking to foster healthy lifestyles.Objectives:A.Broadenpublicawarenessaboutthehealthbenefitsofwalking/
pedestriantravel.B.Improvepublichealththroughencouragementofwalking.C.Supportcommunity-basedeventssuchasfunruns,walks,
parades,andotherpedestrian-basedactivitiesthatencouragewalkingfordailyexerciseandsocialization.
To Encourage The Transportation System’s Support of Hawaii’s Economy And Future Growth Objectives
goal 6: Enhance communities and economic development by creating pedestrian-oriented areas and positive pedestrian experiences.Objectives:A.Encourageprioritypedestrianinfrastructureinvestmentin
communitiesthatareinhigh-densityresidential,visitor/touristlocations,and/orthathavehigherpedestrian-orientedpopulations(seniors,youth,low-income,andhouseholdswithnoaccesstovehicles).
B.EncouragereferencetoanduseoftheHawaiiPedestrianToolboxtocreatepedestriansettingsthatprovideapositivepedestrianexperienceandattracthighlevelsofactivity.
C.Requiredevelopmentprojectstoincludepedestrianinfrastructurefortheappropriatelanduseandfacility.
To Support The State’s Energy Efficiency Goals
goal 7: Promote and support walking as an important transportation mode that reduces overall energy use.Objectives:A.Strengthenpublicawarenessabouttheenergyconservation
benefitsofwalking.B.Increasetheuseofothermodesoftransportationthatreducethe
useoffossilfuels.C.Reduceresidentandvisitormotorvehiclefueldemandtohelp
meet2030targetsforenergyefficiency.D.EncourageSmartGrowthdevelopmentwithcoordinatedlanduse
andtransportationplanning.
1.3 Goals and Objectives of the PlanTheprojectteam,TAC,andCACdevelopedthefollowingoverarchinggoalsforthestatewidepedestriansystem.These
goalsimplementthevisiondescribedonthepreviouspageandarealignedwiththeHDOT’soverarchinggoalsfortheland
transportationsysteminthestate.Theobjectivesprovideguidanceonhowtoachieveourgoals.Theyarespecificallydeveloped
tobemeasurablesothatthePlan’seffectivenessandperformancecanbeevaluatedovertime.
goalS and objeCTiveS for THe STaTewide MaSTer Plan
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN1-6
1.4 Consistency with Plans and PoliciesAsmentionedbrieflyinSections1.1and1.2,itwasimportant
forthevision,goals,andobjectivesofthePlantobealigned
andconsistentwithrelevantfederal,state,andlocalplansand
policies.Morethan20federal,state,andlocalplans,policies,
andprogramswerereviewedandevaluatedforrelevance
tothisPlan’sdevelopmentprocess.AppendixA,Planand
PolicyReview,containsasummaryoftheplans,policies,
andprogramsthatwerereviewed.Thefollowingparagraphs
identifykeyplans,policies,andprogramsandhowthePlan
maintainsconsistencyacrossthem.
1.4.1 Federal Laws and PoliciesFederaltransportationstatuteandregulationsprovide
directionandfundingmechanismsforstatewideandregional
plansandprograms.Federaltransportationplanning
regulationsareintentionallybroadtoallowtheStatesand
MetropolitanandRegionalPlanningOrganizations(MPOs
andRPOs)theflexibilitytotailorpolicyimplementationthat
worksbestforthoseplaces.ThePlanfulfillstherequirements
offederallawssuchasMAP-21andtheAmericanswith
DisabilitiesAct,andthe2010USDOTpolicystatementon
accommodatingbicyclesandpedestrians.
TheFederallawsenactedundertheMoving Ahead for
Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21)continued
fundingandresourcesformultimodaltransportationoptions
authorizedunderthepriorlegislation.2MAP-21continuesto
buildonandrefinemanyoftheexistinghighway,transit,bike,
andpedestrianprogramsandpolicies.Tostreamlinefederal
highwaytransportationprograms,anewprogramcalled
TransportationAlternativesProgram(TAP)wasestablished
toprovideforavarietyofalternativetransportationprojects
thatwerepreviouslyeligibleactivitiesunderseparatelyfunded
programs.ThepurposeofthePlan,aswellasthedevelopment
ofprojectsolutions,isconsistentwithMAP-21general
guidance.
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990fallsunderTitle
42oftheUSCodeChapter126.TheADAprovidesregulatory
policythatprohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofdisability.
Thepolicyrequiresthatstatetransportationfacilitiesinclude
designmeasuresthatallowaccessforpersonswithdisabilities
including,butnotlimitedto,mobility,visual,hearing,
cognitive,orotherimpairments.ThePlanprovidesdesign
guidanceandprojectsolutionsthatensureconsistencywith
ADAdesignstandardsandguidelinesthatreflectthesafety
andconnectivityneedsforpersonswithdisabilities.
TheUSDOTPolicy Statement on Bicycle and Pedestrian
Accommodation Regulations and Recommendations
encouragesstateDOTstoconsidertheinclusionofpedestrian
facilitiesonstateroutesandtransportationfacilities,and
integratepedestrianfacilitiesintotransportationsystemsas
anincentivetomeetfederalfundingeligibilities.ThePlan’s
purposeisconsistentwiththeUSDOTpolicytoincorporate
safeandconvenientwalkingandbicyclingfacilitiesinto
transportationprojects.Transportationagenciesare
encouragedtogobeyondminimumstandardstoprovidesafe
andconvenientfacilitiesforthesemodes,whenfeasible.2PublicLaw112-141,July6,2012
County of KauaÿiPlanning DepartmentNovember 2000
1-7STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
thegoalsandpoliciesadoptedinlocalplanningdocuments
incommunitiesthroughoutthestateandsupportspolicies
providedinlocalplanningdocuments,suchasthefollowing:
• CountyofHawaiiGeneralPlan(2005)
• HawaiiLong-RangeLandTransportationPlan(1998)
• OahuGeneralPlan(2006)
• OahuRegionalTransportationPlan2035(2011)
• OahuBikePlan(2012)
• CountyofMauiGeneralPlan2030–CountywidePolicy Plan(2010)
• JointState/CountyMauiInterimTransportationPlan(2002)
• MauiLong-RangeLandTransportationPlan(1997)
• MauiIslandPlan(2009draft–notyetadopted)
• CountyofMauiBusRoutesandBusRoute Assessment(2008)
• CountyofKauaiGeneralPlan(2000)
• KauaiLong-RangeLandTransportationPlan(1997)
Eachplanspecifiesgoalsandpoliciesforvariouselements
andlong-termneedsthatreflectthecommunities’desires.
Guidanceforlanduseregulationsandthecharacterofnew
developmentsisoftenprovided.Allplansencouragethe
developmentofabalancedmultimodaltransportationsystem.
1.4.2 State Plans and PoliciesStatewideplansandpoliciesprovideageneralpolicy
frameworkfortransportationplanningandprovidedirection
forprojectandprogramimplementation(includingguidelines
andstandards)forHawaiistateroadwayfacilities.Theseplans
andpoliciescanalsoserveasexamplesforcountiesandcities
withinthestateforthedevelopmentoftheirownpolicies,
guidelines,andstandards.
ThePlanisaresultofstatewidepolicydirectionidentifiedin
theHSTPandtheHSHSPthatcallsforimprovingsafetyand
mobilityonthestatehighwaysystem.
TheHawaii Statewide Transportation Planlinksbroadpolicy
goalswithspecificactionitems.Itprovidesthefoundation
thatconnectstheseactionitemswiththetransportation
planningdoneattheregionalandcountylevels.Thegoalsand
objectivesforthisPlantiedirectlytothegoalsandobjectives
oftheHSTP.
TheHawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan, 2007-2012
addressesissuesrelatedtoimprovingtrafficsafetydata
collection,increasingtrafficsafetyawareness,andother
crucialtrafficsafetyissues.Improvinghighwaysafetyisa
keycomponentstrategyoftheHSHSPandanimportant
componentofthisPlan.Safetywasincludedasafactorusedto
identifypedestrianareasofconcernaswellasinthecritieria
toprioritizetheprojectandprogramsolutions.
ThisPlanisalsoalignedwithpoliciesinthedraftStatewide
Long-RangeLandTransportationPlan(LRLTP),BikePlan
Hawaii,andtheHawaiiStatewideTransportationImprovement
Program(STIP).Otherstatepoliciesandprograms,suchas
theNaAlaHeleTrailsandAccessProgram,werereviewedfor
consistencyandpedestrianconnectivity.
1.4.3 Local Plans and PoliciesRegionalandlocalplansandpoliciesaremorespecificthan
federalorstatewideplansandpoliciesinthattheyaddress
asmallergeographyanddefinespecificprojectsforspecific
communitycontexts.Someofthelocalplansoutlinespecific
pedestriantransportationimprovementprojects.Although
thisPlanaddresseshighwayfacilitiesundertheHDOT’s
jurisdiction,theseregionalandlocalplanswereusedtoinform
thedevelopmentofthePlan.ThePlanisconsistentwith
Each slipper in the Walk Wise Hawaii display represents a pedestrian fatality from November 2001 to June 2010 in Hawaii (a total of 240 pedestrian deaths).
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN1-8
The median refuge island provides a cut-through for accessibility and shortens the crossing distance at this wide intersection in Honolulu.
1-9STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
CHaPTer 2Approach
Residents give input on the areas of concern at a public meeting on Kauai
2-1STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
2. aPProaCH
This section provides an overview of the methodology used to develop the Plan. It describes the major tasks in the plan development process, the public involvement efforts, and the decision-making process.
2.1 Plan Development ProcessDevelopmentofthePlanwasinitiatedinFebruary2010
andcontinuedthroughSeptember2011,culminatinginthe
preparationofthisdocumentandtheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox.
Figure2-1depictstheprocessofmajorworktasks;eachtask
isdescribedonthenextpage.Thisdocumentaddressesand
providesguidanceforimprovementsoftheHDOTpedestrian
facilitieswithintheCityandCountyofHonolulu,theCounty
ofHawaii,theCountyofMaui,andtheCountyofKauai(the
islandsofNiihauandKahoolawedonothaveanystatehighway
facilitiesandwerenotincludedinthedevelopmentofthisPlan).
Itdoesnotaddressexistingconditionsofthepedestriansystem
oncountyorcity-ownedfacilities.However,themethodologies
usedinthePlancouldbeappliedinasimilarwaytocountyand
city-levelplanning.
Figure 2-1 depicts the workflow and timeline of the project. Each task is described in more detail on the next page.
CharteringMeeting
TAC CAC
CAC CAC CACTACTACTAC
2010 2011
TAC CAC TAC
Review ExistingConditions
Establish Criteria for AOCs and Prioritization
ID Areasof Concern
Develop ProjectList and Funding
Strategies
TASK EIGHTTASK SIXTASK FOUR
TASK FIVE
TASK THREETASK TWO TASK SEVEN
DevelopPerformance
Measures
Develop Vision, Goals, Objectives and Design Guidelines
ID andPrioritizeSolutions
PublicWorkshops
PublicWorkshops
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting
Citizens Advisory Committee Meeting
TAC CAC
TASK ONEStatewide Pedestrian Master Plan
TAC
FIGURE 2-1WorkflowandTimelineofProject
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN2-2
Task 1: Team Chartering
Thistaskincludeddefiningtheproject,conveningtheTACandtheCAC,developingthePublicInvolvementProgram,definingtheprojectdecision-makingstructure,andestablishingthegoalsoftheproject.
Task 2: Review of Existing Conditions
Thistaskincludedcreatingastatewideinventoryofpedestrianfacilities.Thisprovidedthebasisforidentifyingneedsforimprovementsduringlatertasks.Thereviewwasdoneintwoways:throughaninventoryofGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)dataandthroughinputfrommembersoftheTAC,CAC,andpublic.TheresultsoftheexistingconditionsinventoryandamoredetaileddescriptionofthemethodologyareincludedinChapter3.Task2alsoincludedareviewoffederal,state,andlocalregulatoryandpolicyrequirementsrelatedtopedestrianandmultimodaltransportationfacilitiestoensureconsistencywithplandevelopment.
Task 3: Establish Criteria for Areas of Concern and Prioritization
Thistaskfocusedonestablishingfactorstoidentifytheareasofconcern,aswellasestablishingcriteriaforprojectandprogramprioritization.Itwasimportanttoconductthistaskearlytoensuretransparencyandpreventbiasintheprojectselectionandprioritizationprocessinsubsequenttasks.Stakeholderswereheavilyinvolvedinthisstepoftheprocess.ThemethodologyusedtodeveloptheareasofconcernfactorsandtheprioritizationcriteriaaresummarizedinChapters4and5respectively.
Task 4: Identify Areas of Concern
ThistaskinvolvedtheexaminationofexistingconditionscompletedinTask2inlightofthefactorsdevelopedinTask3.GISanalysesandstakeholderinputwereusedtodevelopthelistofareasofconcern.AdetailedlistoftheareasofconcernforeachcountyandthemethodologyusedtoidentifythemareprovidedinChapter4.
Task 5: Develop Policy and Design Guidelines
Thistaskfocusedondevelopingpolicyguidance,aswellasasetofdesignguidelinesandbestpracticeapproaches.Thevision,goals,andobjectivesprovidethepolicyframeworkforthePlanandareshowninChapter2.ThecompaniondocumenttothePlan,theHawaiiPedestrianToolbox,containsthedesignguidelinesandbestpracticesforpedestrianplanning,design,operation,andeducation.
Task 6: Identify and Prioritize Solutions
ThistaskidentifiedprojectsandprogramstoaddresstheidentifiedneedswithintheareasofconcernandprioritizedsolutionsbasedoncriteriaestablishedinTask3.ThecriteriafortheprioritizationandresultsaresharedinChapter5.
Task 7: Develop Project List and Funding Strategies
Thistaskfocusedonimplementationrecommendationsfortheprioritizedlistofprojectsandprograms.ThefundingstrategyandpotentialsourcesaresharedinChapter6.
Task 8: Develop Performance Measures
Thistaskidentifiedindicatorstobeusedasperformancemeasures,alignedwiththegoalsandobjectivesofthePlan.TheimportanceofperformancemeasuresandongoingevaluationofthePlanarediscussedfurtherinChapter6.
Plan develoPMenT ProCeSS
2-3STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
2.2 Public Involvement ThedevelopmentofthisPlanhasincludedextensive
publicinvolvementthroughprojectcommittees,aproject
website,andoutreachtothegeneralpublic.Inaddition,the
projectteammadespecificeffortstocommunicateproject
informationtomembersofTitleVIandEnvironmentalJustice
communities.Thefollowingsectionsummarizespublic
involvementactivities.MoredetailcanbefoundinAppendix
B,PublicInvolvementSummary.
2.2.1 Stakeholder CommitteesTheextensivepublicinvolvementactivitiesfortheproject
includedbothaTACandaCAC.TheTACincludedtechnical
staffoffederal,state,andlocalagenciesandjurisdictions
withinterestintheproject.Agenciesrepresentedincluded
HDOTprogrambranches,HDOTDistrictOffices,Countyof
Hawaii,CountyofMaui,CountyofKauai,CityandCountyof
Honolulu,FHWA,theDisabilityandCommunicationsAccess
Board,andtheDepartmentofLandandNaturalResources.
ResponsibilitiesoftheTACincludedrepresentingtheinterests
oftheiragenciesorjurisdictionsingroupdeliberations,
communicatingprojectprogresstotheirelectedorappointed
officials,reviewingprojectdeliverables,andproviding
recommendationstotheHDOT.
TheCACprovidedabalancedrepresentationofstakeholder
interests,affectedcommunities,geographicareas,
demographics,ages,anddiversepopulations,aswellasa
communicationlinkbetweentheprojectteamandlocal
interestsandcommunities.TheselectionoftheCACmembers
wasmadethroughanadvertisedapplicationprocess.
Membersincludedthegeneralpublic,affectedcitizens
groups,representativesoflocalandregionalbusinessand
laborsectors,andadvocatesforkeyinterests,including
differentmodes,environmentalrepresentatives,andcivic
groups.TheCACincludedrepresentativesfromminorityand
disadvantagedgroupsconsistentwiththeHDOT’scommitment
toenvironmentaljustice.ResponsibilitiesofCACmembers
includedrepresentingtheirconstituents’perspectivesduring
groupdeliberations,communicatingprojectprogresswith
theirconstituents,providingfeedbackatkeymilestones
throughouttheproject,providingrecommendationstothe
HDOT,andactingasambassadorsfortheproject.
CAC members on neighbor islands were videoconferenced in.
The public validates existing conditions at a public workshop in Maui. CAC meetings were open to the public.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN2-4
2.2.2 Small Group Meetings and Individual InterviewsInadditiontotheTACandCAC,smallerstakeholdermeetings
andindividualinterviewswereconductedtohelplearnabout
interestsandcommunity-relatedprogramsandcoordinate
thePlanwithotherongoingefforts.Themeetingswere
alsohelpfultoensureconsistencywithotheragenciesand
pedestrianefforts.Meetingswereheldwithagenciessuchas
the Honolulu Police Department and the state Department
ofEducationandDepartmentofHealth.Presentationsabout
theongoingeffortswerealsomadetotheOahuMetropolitan
PlanningOrganization’sCAC.
2.2.3 Public WorkshopsTheprojectteamconductedtwosetsofpublicworkshops
throughoutthestatetoobtaininputfromthegeneralpublic
andtoshareinformation.
• ThefirstsetofpublicworkshopswasheldinJulyand
Augustof2010.Theseworkshopswereheldinseven
locationsthroughoutthestate:Hilo,Kona,Kahului,Lihue,
Kapolei,Honolulu,andKaneohe.Thepurposeofthese
workshopswastointroducethecommunitiestothePlan,
letthecommunitiesknowhowtoparticipateandbecome
involvedinthePlandevelopmentprocess,andreviewand
validateexistingconditionsofthestatewidepedestrian
network.Theparticipantsalsosharedtheircommunity’s
values,concerns,andprioritiesrelatedtowalking
opportunitiesandissues.
• ThesecondsetofpublicworkshopswasheldinMarch
andAprilof2011.Theseworkshopswereheldinsix
locationsthroughoutthestate:Hilo,Kona,Kahului,Lihue,
Honolulu,andWaianae.Thepurposeoftheseworkshops
wastoinformthecommunitiesofthePlan’svisionand
goals,educatethecommunitiesontheHawaiiPedestrian
Toolbox,andprovideanupdateandgetfeedbackonthe
proposedsolutionstoaddresstheareasofconcern.
2.2.4 Outreach to Special PopulationsTheprojectteamconductedoutreachtoTitleVIand
EnvironmentalJusticecommunitiesinaccordancewith
ExecutiveOrder12898,Federal Actions to Address
Environmental Justice in Minority and Low-Income Populations.
Outreacheffortsincludedadvertisementsinminority-focused
newspublicationsaswellasdirectoutreachtominority-based
organizations.Eachpublicworkshopwasheldinanaccessible
locationandincludedaccesstolanguagetranslatorsupon
request.
The public provided valuable input at the public workshops.
2-5STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
FIGURE 2-2Decision-MakingStructure
2.2.5 WebsiteTheprojectteammaintainedaprojectwebsite
www.hawaiipedplan.comthroughoutthe
lifeoftheplanningprocess.Thiswebsite
providedinformationontheproject’spurpose,
background,andtimeline.Itwasalsousedto
announcethedatesandlocationsofupcoming
CACmeetingsandworkshopsopentothegeneral
public.Thewebsitealsoservedasanarchiveof
keyprojectmaterialsandincludedacomment
toolforcitizenstodirectlycommentonthe
project.
2.3 Decision-Making ProcessTheTACandtheCACwereinstrumentalinthe
decision-makingprocessforthisPlan.Both
committeesreceivedinputfromthegeneral
publicandmadekeyrecommendationstothe
HDOTaboutthecontentsofthePlan.Figure2-2
depictstheoveralldecision-makingstructurefor
theproject.
HDOT Highways Division Recommendation
HDOT Director of Transportation Approval
Project Team
Public Input
(website, workshops,
etc.)
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) Recommendation
Citizen Advisory Committee (CAC) Recommendation
Stakeholder input guided decision-making for the Plan.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN2-6
Residents were able to share their groups’ concerns with everyone else at the public meetings.
2-7STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
CHaPTer 3Existing Pedestrian Environment
A concrete barrier along the sidewalk separates pedestrians from traffic near the Salt Lake neighborhood
3-1STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
3. exiSTing PedeSTrian environMenT To create a baseline and provide the foundation for identification of the areas of concern, an inventory of the existing pedestrian environment was conducted for each of the counties.
TheHawaiianIslandsarehometomorethan1.3million
people,andover6millionpeoplevisittheislandseachyear,
drawnbythescenicbeauty,tropicalclimate,andrelaxed
atmosphere.PedestriansinHawaiiarediverse.Theyinclude
peopleofallages,youngandold,peopleofvaryingphysical
statureandcapability,andpeoplefromdifferentcountriesand
cultureswhospeakandreadavarietyoflanguages.Ahigher
proportionofolderadultsliveinHawaiicomparedtoother
states,largelybecausemanyretireesaredrawntothemild
climateandattractiveenvironment.Somepedestrianshave
mobilityandsightimpairmentsandotherdisabilities.
PeopleofallincomelevelsliveinHawaii,andtheincidenceof
povertyinsomecommunitiesaffectspeoples’capabilityto
buyandmaintainvehicles.Throughouttheislandsthereare
householdswithnoaccesstovehiclesandresidentswhorely
onwalkingastheirmaintransportationmode.
Inaddition,mostvisitorswhocometoHawaiichoosenotto
rentacarandhavelimitedaccesstopersonalvehicles.Many
walktoandfromtheirdestinations,alongwithridingavailable
transitsystemsandtakingpartinlocaltourprograms.
Becausetheseresidentsandvisitorswalktoandfrom
destinationseachdayfortransportation,fitness,and
recreation,theyhaveanimportantneedforsafe,reliable,
efficient,convenient,andattractivepedestrianfacilities.
ConsideringthediversityofpedestriansinHawaiiisimportant
whenplanninganddesigningfacilitiestoaccommodatetheir
needs.
Conditionsthatwereconsideredincludedlanduse,pedestrian
facilities,transitroutes,pedestrianattractors,functional
classification,censuscharacteristics,andsafety.Eachof
thesearedescribedonthenextpage.Theseconditionsaffect
pedestriansonstatehighways,eitherbyinfluencingwhere
pedestriansarelikelytobefound,thephysicalcontextof
theroute,orthetypesofpedestrianswholivenearby.State
highwaysaretypicallyartaerialsand/orhighspeedroadways.
Theexistingconditionsinformationwasgatheredviathe
followingsources:
• GISdatafromtheStateDataClearinghouse,theHDOT,
andthecounties
• Censusdatafromthe2000census(2010censusdata
wasunavailableduringtheexistingconditionsresearch
forthisPlan.)
• Pedestriancrashdataonstatefacilitiesfromtheyears
of2004to2007andpartof2008(themostrecentdata
available)fromtheHDOTTrafficBranch
• GoogleandBingaerialandstreetviewmaps
• StateRouteSystemRoadwayInventory,2009(provided
bytheHDOT)
• Sitevisits
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN3-2
Pedestrian Facilities
Mostofthestatehighwayswithinurbanareashavesidewalksonatleastonesideoftheroadway.Inruralareas,mostofthestatehighwaysdonothavepedestrianfacilitiesandpedestriansoftenwalkalongthepavedshoulder.Inareaswheretheroadwayisconstrainedbytopographyoravailableright-of-way,shouldersarenarrowerorabsent.
Land Use
Urban/ruralclassificationandlandusesaffecttheroadwaydesignandtypeofpedestrianusageinalocation.Mostofthelandusesinurbanareasareconsistentwithcityandtowncenters:commercial,higherdensityresidential,resort,andindustrialuses.Higher-densityareasaremorelikelytoattractpedestriansasdestinationsareclosertogether;parkingandavailablestreetsbecomemorecongested.Inruralareas,usesincludeagriculture,openspace,conservation,andparklandareas.Theseareasdonottypicallyattractasmanypedestrians,withtheexceptionofsomerecreationaldestinationssuchasparksandbeaches.
Transit
Transitroutesinfluencepedestrianuseofstatehighwaysbecausetransitriderswalktotransitstops.Maui,Kauai,andHawaiiallhavetransitserviceintheformofbusroutes,whichmainlyfollowthestatehighwaysandconnectcitiesandtowns.Oahuhasawelldevelopedisland-widebussystemthatusesstatehighwaysaswellascountyroadstoprovidetransitservice.TherailsystemonOahuwillincludea20-mileguidewayservedby21stationsconcentratingpedestrianactivitiesattheselocations.
Pedestrian Attractors
Pedestrianattractorsthatwereconsideredincludedavarietyofpublicandcommercialfacilities,suchasparks,schools,libraries,hospitals,transitcenters,futurerailstations,andcommunityandneighborhoodcenters.Theanalysisalsoincludedprivateattractorslikeshoppingcenters,touristattractions,employmentcenters,museums,hotelareas,andcruiseshipterminals.Thesefacilitiesarefoundthroughoutthestateinbothurbanandruralsettings,thoughtherearetypicallymoreattractorswithinurbanizedareas.
Functional Classification
Functionalclassificationsguidethedesignandexpectedvolumeoftrafficonthehighways,whilepostedspeedsandaverageannualdailytraffic(AADT)allowforanalysisoftheroadwayusageandthequalityofthepedestrianenvironment.BecausestatehighwaysarethefocusofthisPlan,mostofthefunctionalclassificationsarehigherorder,withhigherspeedsintheruralareas,slowerspeedsintheurbanareas,andhightrafficlevels.
Census Characteristics
Censusdatahelpdefinegeneraldemographicandpopulationcharacteristics.Thisprovidesanunderstandingoflocationswithahighpercentageofpedestrian-orientedpopulations(POP).Theseincludetheelderly(overage65),youth(underage17),low-incomehouseholds,andthosewhohavenoaccesstovehicles.(ThepovertythresholdissetnationwidethroughtheUnitedStatesCensusandisbasedonthenumberofindividualsinahouseholdandtheannualincomeofthehousehold,adjustedannuallytoreflectinflation.)
Safety
Basedonthemostrecentavailablepedestriancrashdata(between2004andmid-2008),themajorityofthepedestriancrashesoccurintheurbanizedareas.However,theislandsofOahuandKauaihaveanumberofpedestriancrashesinruralareasalongthecoast,generallyassociatedwithpedestrianscrossingtheroadtovisitparksandbeachesinareasthatlackpedestrianfacilities.Pedestrianfatalitiesalsofollowthesetrends.
Conditions Considered
3-3STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
LegendState Highways
$0 40 80 Miles
1 in = 40 miles
LegendState Highways
$0 40 80 Miles
1 in = 40 miles
County of Kauai
City and County of Honolulu
County of Hawaii
LegendState Highways
$0 40 80 Miles
1 in = 40 milesLegendState Highways
$0 40 80 Miles
1 in = 40 miles
County of Maui
County Kauai Honolulu Maui Hawaii TOTAL
Population(2000Census) 5% 70% 11% 14% 1,360,301people
LaneMilesofStateHighways 9% 40% 18% 31% 2,479lanemiles
Urban Area (2000CensusUrbanAreas) 4% 42% 10% 6%
Countyurbanarea/totalland
areainthecounty
PercentofPedestrianCrashes(Studyperiodof2004tomid2008)
3% 84% 6% 7% 1,569accidents
Table3-1,whichreflectstheuniquenessofthecounties,
summarizesselecteddataforeach.Asummaryoftheinventory
resultsbycountyfollows,withadditionaldetailprovidedin
AppendixC,ExistingConditionsReport.Thesummariesgivea
general,high-levelideaoftheexistingconditionsintheentire
state,usingavailabledata.
TABLE 3.1 CountySpecificData
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN3-4
3.1 County of HawaiiTheCountyofHawaiiisthestate’slargestisland(physically),
withapopulationof185,079,secondtoOahu.Thevast
majorityofthelandwithintheCountyofHawaiiisrural,with
areasdedicatedtoconservation,openspace,andagricultural
lands.Thecountycontainsforestreserves,stateparks,and
anationalparkthatattractpedestrians.Thesearelocated
inrelativelyundevelopedareasinthecentralandsouthern
partsoftheisland.Theislandispopulatedwithmanysmall
towns(suchasHonokaa,Paauilo,NaalehuandLaupahoehoe)
thatarewithinruralareas.Thetwolargesttowns,Hiloand
Kailua-Kona,havearangeoflandusesincludinghigh,medium,
andlowdensityurban;universityuse;resort;andindustrial
designations.Theseusesgenerallyattractmorepedestrians
thantheruralareas.HiloandKailua-Konahavenumerous
schools,libraries,shoppingareas,hotelareas,andcounty
recreationparks.Inaddition,theyarecruiseshipdestinations.
3.1.1 State Highways and Pedestrian InfrastructureThemosttraveledhighwayontheislandofHawaiiisHawaiiBeltRoad(Highway11)inHiloneartheairport,followedcloselybyQueenKaahumanuHighwayinKailua-Kona.RuralroadsaroundtheislandcarrymuchlesstrafficthaninHiloandKailua-Kona.Postedspeedlimitsinthecountyvarybetween25and55milesperhour(mph).Theruralareastendtohavehigherspeedlimits(around45to55mph)andthetownsandmoreurbanareashavelowerspeedlimits(generally25to35mph).
Thereareveryfewsidewalksinthecountybecausethestate
highwayspassthroughpredominantlyruralareasconnecting
smalltownsandcommunities.WithinthecitiesofHiloand
Kailua-Kona,therearesidewalksalongsectionsofoneside
ofthestatehighway;Figure3-1depictsexistingsidewalk
locationsalongthestatehighwaysinthecounty.Mostofthe
highwayshaveshouldersalongoneorbothsides,varying
inwidthbetweenoneandtenfeet,thoughtherearesome
stretcheswithoutshouldersoneitherside.Thisoccursmost
notablyalongSaddleRoad(Highway200),whichiscurrently
beingreconstructed,andononestretchalongthewestside,
southofHonaunauonHawaiiBeltRoad(Highway200).
ThecountytransitprovideristheHele-OnBus.Thebusprovideslow-costislandpassengerserviceprimarilyalongthecoastalareasonthestatehighway.Thereareafewroutesthatextendinlandtoacityortown:theseincludethebusroutethatpassesthroughPahoatoKalapanaontheeastside;anotherroutethatextendstoHawiinthenorth,fromKailua-Kona;andathirdroutethattravelsalongMamalahoa
Highway(Highway190)fromWaimeatoKailua-Kona.
3.1.2 Pedestrian Safety Crashesinvolvingpedestriansonstatehighwaysinthecountyhaveprimarilybeenlocatedinthreeareasaroundtheisland:nearKona,nearHilo,andnearHawi.CrashesnearHawihavebeen near Kamehameha Park and the Bond Memorial Branch publiclibrary.CrashesnearKonahavebeeninlocationsthatattractpedestrians,includingtheHuliheePalaceStateMonument,theHaleHalawaiPark,theKailua-KonaWharf,andthehotelsadjacenttothewharf.CrashesinHilohavebeenwithintheurbanizedarea,nearavarietyoflocations
thatattractpedestrians.
3.1.3 Pedestrian-Oriented PopulationsTheCountyofHawaiihassomeareasofconcentratedelderlypopulations,primarilynearKailua-KonaandnorthofHilo.Thecountyalsohasarelativelyhighpercentageofyouthunder17.Manyareaswithinthecountyhavehigherthanaveragepercentagesoftheirpopulationlivingbelowthepovertylinelevel.Theselow-incomeareasincludethesouthernandeasternpartofthecounty,includingthetownsofNaalehu,Hilo,andPahoa.
Naalehu, Hawaii
3-5STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
FIGURE 3-1 SidewalkLocationsonStateHighwaysintheCountyofHawaii
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
Hawi
Hilo
Kailua-Kona
Kawaihae
Volcano
Naalehu
Honokaa
Waimea
Kealakekua
Pahoa
Mt. View
Pepeekeo
Hakalau
Laupahoehoe
Paauilo
Mahukona
Waikoloa
Keauhou
OceanView
Pahala
Keaau
Honaunau
Honomu
MMaammaallaa
hhooaa HHwwyy
KKeeaaaauu PPaahhooaa RRdd
MMaammaallaahhooaa HHwwyy
KKaawwaaiihhaaee RRdd
AAkkoonnii PPuullee HHwwyyMM
aa mmaa ll aa hh oo aa HH ww
yy
MMaammaallaahhooaa HHwwyy
QQuuee
eenn KKaaaahhuummaannuu
HHwwyy
SSaaddddllee RRdd
SSaaddddllee RRdd
HHaawwaaiiii BBeelltt RRdd
¬«270
¬«19
¬«19
¬«19
¬«250
¬«190
¬«11
¬«11
¬«11
¬«130
¬«200
¬«200
¬«190
1 in = 12 miles
0 6 12 Miles$
Legend
Sidewalk on Both Sides
Sidewalk on One Side
No Sidewalk
Local Roads
Urban Area
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
Hawi
Hilo
Kailua-Kona
Kawaihae
Volcano
Naalehu
Honokaa
Waimea
Kealakekua
Pahoa
Mt. View
Pepeekeo
Hakalau
Laupahoehoe
Paauilo
Mahukona
Waikoloa
Keauhou
OceanView
Pahala
Keaau
Honaunau
Honomu
MMaammaallaa
hhooaa HHwwyy
KKeeaaaauu PPaahhooaa RRdd
MMaammaallaahhooaa HHwwyy
KKaawwaaiihhaaee RRdd
AAkkoonnii PPuullee HHwwyyMM
aa mmaa ll aa hh oo aa HH ww
yy
MMaammaallaahhooaa HHwwyy
QQuuee
eenn KKaaaahhuummaannuu
HHwwyy
SSaaddddllee RRdd
SSaaddddllee RRdd
HHaawwaaiiii BBeelltt RRdd
¬«270
¬«19
¬«19
¬«19
¬«250
¬«190
¬«11
¬«11
¬«11
¬«130
¬«200
¬«200
¬«190
1 in = 12 miles
0 6 12 Miles$
Legend
Sidewalk on Both Sides
Sidewalk on One Side
No Sidewalk
Local Roads
Urban Area
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN3-6
3.2 County of MauiTheCountyofMauiincludestheislandsofMaui,Molokai,
andLanai.Mauiisthemostdevelopedofthethree,witha
populationof154,834.ThepredominantlandusesonMaui
includeforestsandrangeland.TheurbanizedareasinKahului,
Wailuku,Lahaina,Kihei,andMakawaocontainschools,parks,
communitycenters,andshoppingcenters.Kahuluiisalsoa
cruiseshipdestination.
Mauihasonenationalpark,Haleakala,intheeasternpartof
theisland.ThereareresortareasonMauibetweenKapalua
andLahainaandalongPiilaniHighway(Hwy31),betweenKihei
and Makena.
ThemajorityoflandsonbothMolokaiandLanaiarerural
andaredesignatedasforest,rangeland,oragriculturalland.
OnLanai,thetowncenterisinthecenteroftheislandand
containsaseniorcenter,publiclibrary,andresorts.Molokai
hasacommunitycenter,alibrary,afewschools,parks,and
hotels.
3.2.1 State Highways and Pedestrian InfrastructureThemostheavilytraveledroadwaysonMauiareKaahumanu
AvenueandKahuluiBeachRoadinthecentralvalleyand
HonoapiilaniHighway(Highway30)nearLahaina.Mauihas
highertrafficspeedsintheruralareasandslowerspeeds
intownsandcities.SpeedlimitsonLanaiandMolokaiare
generallybetween20and45mph,whicharelowerthanthe
largerislands.
ThereareafewlocationswherehighwaysonMauihave
sidewalks:nearKahului,nearHanaontheeastsideofthe
highway,andnearKeawakapu,northofMakena.Most
highwaysonMauihaveshouldersofatleastonetotwofeet
andmanyhaveshouldersbetweensixandtenfeetwide.Hana
Highway(Highway360)hasneithershouldersnorsidewalks.
Figure3-2showsexistingsidewalklocationsalongthestate
highwaysintheCountyofMaui.
MolokaiandLanaiarepredominantlyruralandhavefew
pedestrianfacilities.Molokaihasafewsectionsofhighway
thathavesidewalksononeside,whileLanaihasnohighways
withsidewalks.Lanaihasshouldersontheentirestatehighway
ontheisland,varyinginwidthbetweenonetotwofeetand
sixtotenfeet.OnMolokai,MaunaloaHighway(Highway460)
hasthreetofivefootshoulders.Theotherstatehighwayshave
verynarrowornoshoulders.
TheCountyofMaui’stransitproviderisMauiBus,whichprovidesserviceonMauionly.LanaiandMolokaidonothavetransitservice.TransitroutesonMauiareprimarilylimitedtothecentralandwesternpartoftheisland,withoneroutethroughcentralMauibetweenKahuluiandMaalaea.Thereareahandfulofroutesthatmakeasmallloopinacityortown,whileotherroutespassthroughthemorepopulatedrural
areas on the island.
3.2.2 Pedestrian SafetyTherehavebeenrelativelyfewcrashesinvolvingpedestriansintheCountyofMaui.Thosethathaveoccurredhavebeenconcentratedinmoreurbanizedareas,particularlyinKahuluiandLahaina.Therehavebeenveryfewcrashesinvolving
pedestrians on Molokai and Lanai.
3.2.3 Pedestrian-Oriented PopulationsThecentralportionofMauiandtheKalaupapaareaofMolokaiincludeahigherthanaverageconcentrationofelderlypersons.Maui,Molokai,andLanaidonothaveahigherthanaverageconcentrationofyouth.Lanaidoesnothavehigherthanaverageconcentrationsofeitherelderlyoryouth.Ofthethreeislands,Molokaihasahigherthanaverageconcentrationof
personslivingbelowthepovertylevel.
Pukalani, Maui
3-7STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
FIGURE 3-2:SidewalkLocationsonStateHighwaysintheCountyofMaui
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
Haliimaile
Hana
Kahului
Kapalua
Kihei
LahainaMakawao
Paia
Maalaea
Wailuku
Waihee
Pukalani
Waiakoa
Keokea
Kahana
Haiku
Waikapu
HHoonnooaappiiiillaannii HHwwyy
HHo on n
o oa ap pi i
i illaannii
HHww
yy KKaahheekkiillii HHww
yy
HHaannaa HHwwyyHHaannaa HHwwyy
HHaannaa HHwwyy
HHaall eeaakkaallaa HHwwyy
KKuullaa HHwwyy
CCrraatteerr RRdd
PPiiii llaannii HHww
yy
Makena
¬«37
¬«30
¬«311
¬«310
¬«32
¬«36
¬«380
¬«340
¬«31
¬«36
¬«30
1 in = 5 miles
0 5 10 Miles$
Legend
Sidewalk on Both Sides
Sidewalk on One Side
No Sidewalk
Local Roads
Urban Area
:: *+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
HalawaHoolehua
Kalaupapa
Kaluaaha
Kaunakakai
Kualapuu
Maunaloa
Moomomi
Pukoo
Umipaa
KKaammeehhaammeehhaa VV
HHwwyy
KKaammeehhaammeehhaa VV HHwwyy
MMaa uu
nnaa LLooaa HHwwyy
MMaauunnaa LLooaa HHwwyy
Kamalo
Farrington Farrington
AveAve
¬«460 ¬«460
¬«480 ¬«470
¬«450
¬«450
1 in = 4 miles
0 4 8 Miles$
Legend
Sidewalk on One Side
No Sidewalk
Local Roads
*+
*+Lanai City
KaumalapauKKaauu
mmaallaappaauu HHwwyy
¬«440
0 7 14 Miles
1 in = 7 miles
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN3-8
3.3 County of KauaiTheCountyofKauaiisoneofthestate’sleastpopulated
counties,withapopulationof67,091.ThemajorityofKauai’s
landisrural,designatedforopenspaceandagriculture.The
twomosturbanizedareasinthecountyareKapaaandLihue.
Eachoftheseareashasdestinationsthatattractpedestrians,
includingshoppingareas,libraries,schools,localparks,
andcommunitycenters.Inaddition,Lihueisacruiseship
destination.Therearesmallresidentialcommunitiesspread
outalongmuchoftheisland’scoast,buttheyarenottypically
designatedasurbanland.MajorresortareasinKauaiinclude
Princeville,Wailua,Kapaa,andPoipu.
3.3.1 State Highways and Pedestrian InfrastructureThehighwaysontheeastsideoftheislandcarrythemost
traffic,primarilyKuhioHighway(Highway56)throughLihue
andtothenorthalongtheKapaacoast.SpeedsonKauaitend
tobehigherbecauseofthemoreruralnatureoftheisland,
thoughKokeeRoad(Highway550)nearWaimeaCanyonhasa
25mphspeedlimitbecauseofthewindingandsteepnatureof
theroad.Speedlimitsintownsaregenerally25to35mph.
Kauaiispredominantlyruralandhasfewsidewalks;however,themajorityofthehighwaysonKauaihavesixtotenfoot
pavedshoulders.Mostofthesidewalksthatexistareconcentratedontheeasternsideoftheisland,nearKapaaandLihue,withafewsidewalksonthesouthwesternsideinWaimeaandnearHanapepe.Figure3-3depictsexistingsidewalklocationsonKauai.
Thecounty’stransitproviderisKauaiBus.TransitroutesinKauaigenerallyfollowthestatehighways,withsomesmallloopsonlocalroadsthroughpopulatedareasincludingPoipu,Hanapepe,andNawiliwili.
3.3.2 Pedestrian SafetyKauaihashadrelativelyfewcrashesinvolvingpedestrians.
Thecrashesthathaveoccurredaretypicallyclusteredin
towncenters,nearpedestrianattractors.Themajorityofthe
crashesthathaveoccurredhaveinvolvedpedestriansunder
theageof17.
3.3.3 Pedestrian-Oriented PopulationsThehighestpercentageofelderlypeopleinKauaiislocated
nearWaimea.Kauaialsohasahighpercentageofpersons
livingbelowthepovertyline.Kauaidoesnothaveahigher
thanaveragepercentageofyouth.Thereisoneblockgroup
nearLihuewhere30to55percentofthepopulationhasno
accesstovehicles.
Kapaa, Kauai Hanalei, Kauai Lihue, Kauai
3-9STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
FIGURE 3-3 SidewalkLocationsonStateHighwaysintheCountyofKauai
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
*+
Ana
hola
Ele
ele
Hae
na
Han
alei
Han
amau
lu
Han
apep
e
Kal
ihiw
ai
Kap
aa
Kap
ahi
Kau
mak
ani
Kea
lia
Kek
aha
Kila
uea
Kip
u
Kol
oa
Law
ai
Lihu
e
Man
a
Num
ila
Om
ao
Pak
ala
Villa
ge
Poi
pu
Por
tA
llen
Prin
cevi
lle
Puh
i
Wai
lua
Wai
mea
Wai
niha
Naw
iliw
ili
Kal
aheo
KKuuhh
iioo HH
wwyy
KKu uh h
i io o H H
wwyy
KKaau u
mmuuaa
lliiii HH
wwyy
KKaauummuuaa
lliiii HHww
yy
KKaauummuuaa
lliiii HHwwyy
KKookkeeee RRdd
¬ «56
¬ «56
¬ «51
¬ «50
¬ «540
¬ «50
¬ «50
¬ «550
1 in
= 4
.417
mile
s
04
8M
iles
$
Lege
nd
Side
wal
k on
Bot
h Si
des
Side
wal
k on
One
Sid
e
No
Sid
ewal
k
Loca
l Roa
ds
Urb
an A
rea
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN3-10
Honolulu’stransitprovideriscalledTheBusandisrunby
theOahuTransitService.Oahu’stransitsystemisthemost
extensiveofalltheislands.Multipleroutescrossoverthe
mountainsinthesoutheasternpartoftheislands,several
routesextendthroughthecentralpartoftheisland,andone
routerunsalmostcompletelyaroundthecoastoftheentire
island.
Theseareasgenerallyhavesidewalksofvaryingwidthsto
accommodateavarietyofpedestrianvolumes.Oahuisalso
theonlyislandinthestatethathastransitcenters,with
centersinWahiawa,Waianae,Waipahu,Mililani,Kapolei,
Alapai,andMiddleStreet.
3.4.2 Pedestrian SafetyTheCityandCountyofHonoluluhashadthehighestnumbers
ofcrashesofanyislandinvolvingpedestrians.Mostofthe
pedestriancrashesontheislandhaveoccurredinthePrimary
UrbanCenter.Therehasalsobeenahighincidenceofcrashes
inthebuilt-outsoutherncoast,includingtheWaikiki,Pearl
City,andEwaareas.Otherhighcrashareasincludethe
urbanizedareasbetweenMakahaandNanakuli,thecentral
valleynearWahiawa,andKalanianaoleHighwayontheeast
side.
3.4.3 Pedestrian-Oriented Populations ThePrimaryUrbanCenter,particularlytheareastothe
northandeast,hasrelativelyhighpercentagesofelderly
populations.ThecentralandwesternpartsofOahuhavehigh
percentagesofyouthunder17.Inaddition,therearesome
areasofHonoluluandcentralOahuwheretherearehigh
percentagesofpeoplewithoutaccesstovehicles.
3.4 City and County of HonoluluTheCityandCountyofHonoluluiscomprisedoftheisland
ofOahu.Oahuisthestate’smostdevelopedisland,with
apopulationofover953,200.Ithasmoremixedlanduse
patternsthantheotherislands.Afterforestandagricultural
uses,thepredominantlandusesontheislandarecommercial
andresidential.Industrialandurbanusesareconcentratedin
thecentralandsouthernpartsofOahu.ThePrimaryUrban
CenterincludesthecoastalplainthatextendsalongOahu’s
southernshorefromWaialae-KahalaintheeasttoPearlCityin
thewestandfromtheshorelinetothewesterlyslopesofthe
KoolauMountainRange,andisthedensesturbanareainthe
state.Itcontainsmanypedestrianattractors,includingazoo,
shoppingareas,parks,monuments,thePearlHarborMemorial
sites,museums,andcruiseshipterminals.Thecentral
Honoluluareaalsohasmultipleschools,universities,libraries,
andcommunitycenters.
3.4.1 State Highways and Pedestrian InfrastructureOahuhighwayscarrythehighestamountoftrafficofanyof
theislands.Highwaysandfreewaysinthecentralareasof
Honoluluexperiencecongestionduringpeakcommutehours.
Congestionlevelsdecreasefurtherawayfromthepopulous
southshore.Oahu’sinterstatehighwayshavehigherspeed
limits,between55and60mph,whilethemoreurbanand
windinghighwaysectionsalongthecoasthavelowerspeed
limitsofbetween25and35mph.
Oahuhasthemostextensivesidewalksystemofanyofthe
islands.Manyhighwayshavesectionswithsidewalksatleast
ononesideoftheroad,andmanyhighwaysintheurban
areasofHonoluluhavesidewalksonbothsides.Themajority
ofhighwaysonOahuhavepavedshouldersononeorboth
sidesoftheroad;thesevaryinwidthfromonetotenfeet.
Theshoulderstendtobewiderinurbanareasandnarrowerin
ruralareas.Theinterstatehighwaycorridors(H-1,H-2,H-201,
andH-3)havenosidewalks,aspedestriansandbicyclists
areprohibitedbylaw.Figure3-4showsexistingsidewalk
conditionsintheCityandCountyofHonolulu.
Hobron Lane and Ala Moana Boulevard, Honolulu, HI
3-11STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
FIGURE 3-4SidewalkLocationsonStateHighwaysintheCityandCountyofHonolulu
*+
Ain
aH
aina
Ew
aB
each
Hal
awa
Hal
eiw
a
Hau
ula
Haw
aii
Kai
Hee
ia
Kaa
awa Kah
aluu
Kah
uku
Kai
lua
Kai
muk
i
Kan
eohe
Kaw
ela
Bay
Laie
Lani
kai
Mai
li
Mak
aha
Mak
akilo
City
Mili
lani
Tow
n
Mok
ulei
a
Nan
akul
i
Pea
rlC
ity
Pup
ukea
Wah
iaw
a
Wai
alua
Wai
anae
Wai
kiki
Wai
mal
u
Wai
man
alo
Wai
mea
Wai
pahu
Wai
pio
Sch
ofie
ldB
arra
cks
FFaarrrrii
nnggttoonn
HHwwyy
FFoorrtt WWeeaavveerr RRdd
KKaammeehhaamm
eehhaa HH
wwyy
KKuunniiaa RRdd
KKaahheekkiillii HH
wwyy
KKaa
l la anni
iaannaa
oollee
HHww
yy
Farri
ngto
n H
wy
Farri
ngto
n H
wy
KKaamm
eehhaamm
eehhaa
HHww
yy
PPaallii HHwwy
y
NNiimm
iit tzz HH
wwyy
LLiikkeelliikkee
HHww
yy
Kap
olei
¬ «83
¬ «83
¬ «83 ¬ «63
¬ «61
¬ «72
¬ «72
¬ «92
¬ «99¬ «75
0
¬ «93
¬ «93
§̈ ¦H-2
§̈ ¦H-1
§̈ ¦H-1
§̈ ¦H-3
§̈ ¦H-1
§̈ ¦H-2
01
§̈ ¦H-3
1 in
= 4
.8 m
iles
05
10M
iles
$
Lege
nd
Side
wal
k on
Bot
h Si
des
Side
wal
k on
One
Sid
e
No
Sid
ewal
k
Free
way
Loca
l Roa
ds
Urb
an A
rea
PPaallii HH
wwyy
NNiimmiittzz
HHwwyy
AAllaa MM
ooaannaa
BBllvv
dd
SSaanndd IIssllaanndd AA
cccceess
ss RR
ddLLuu
nnaalliilloo
FFww
yy
¬ «92
¬ «64¬ «63 ¬ «92
¬ «98
¬ «61
§̈ ¦H-1
1 in
= 1
.5 m
iles
01.
53
Mile
s
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN3-12
A crosswalk with an advance stop bar in Kapaa, Kauai.
CHaPTer 4Areas of Concern
A pedestrian looks for traffic as he waits to cross the street on Vineyard Boulevard in Honolulu
4-1STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
4. areaS of ConCern This chapter describes the areas of concern along the state highway system that have been prioritized for pedestrian improvements. The areas of concern were used to determine the locations of key project recommendations for the development of a prioritized pedestrian project list.
Theareasofconcern(AOCs)wereidentifiedthrougha
technicalanalysisofexistingconditions,inputfromtheTAC
andCAC,andvalidationfromthegeneralpublic.Thischapter
beginsbydescribingthemethodologyforidentifyingthe
areasofconcernanddescribesthoseareasofconcernwithin
eachcounty.Theareasofconcerndescribedinthischapter
formthebasisforthesolutiondevelopmentandprojectand
programrecommendationsinChapter5.
4.1 MethodologyThedevelopmentprocessusedtoidentifytheareasof
concernwasbasedonspecifictechnicalfactors.Theproject
teamworkedcloselywiththeTAC,CAC,andmembersofthe
publictoensurethattheareasofconcernidentifiedmetboth
technicalfactorsandrepresentedcommunityconcerns.Figure
4.1illustratestheoveralldevelopmentprocessfortheareasof
concernandthedevelopmentoftheprioritizedprojectlist.
Toidentifytheneedforpedestrianimprovements,factors
weredefinedatthebeginningoftheareaofconcern
developmentprocess.Theywerebasedontechnical
knowledgeofbestpracticesandreflecttheinformation
gatheredaspartoftheinventoryofexistingconditions.
Review Existing
Conditions
Establish Factors for AOCs and
Prioritization
Identify Areas of Concern
Identify and Prioritize Solutions
Develop Project List
and Funding Strategies
Develop Performance
Measures
Statewide Pedestrian
Master Plan
what are areas of Concern?
Areas of concern are locations along the state highway system where pedestrian improvements are recommended. These areas have the following characteristics:
•Safetyconcerns(pedestrianhotspots)•Gapsintheexistingsidewalksystem•Locatednearpedestrian-intensivelandusesandpedestrianattractors
•Highconcentrationsofpedestrian-orientedpopulations
FIGURE 4.1AreaofConcernDevelopmentProcess
DEFINITIONSPedestrian Attractors —locationsthatattractalotof
pedestrians,suchasparks,schools,touristattractions,
transitcenters,etc.
Pedestrian Hot Spot—locationswheremultiple
pedestriancrasheshaveoccurred.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN4-2
Thesefactorswereestablishedtoensureatransparentand
unbiasedevaluationprocessthatcouldeasilybeexplained
toandvalidatedbythepublicandstakeholders.Thefactors
wereendorsedbytheTACandCACandvalidatedbythepublic
viaaseriesofpublicmeetings.Thefourkeyfactorsthatwere
developedtoindicatetheneedforpedestrianimprovements
were:
• Connectivity(areaswithsidewalksystemgaps)
• Accessibility(areaslocatednearpedestrian-intensivelanduses)
• Pedestrian-Oriented Populations(theseincludetheel-derly,youth,low-incomepopulations,andhouseholdsthat
havenoaccesstovehicles)
• Safety(locationspronetosafetyconcerns,suchaspedes-trianhotspots)
Theprojectteamoverlaidthesekeyfactorswitheachother
usingaGISanalysisbasedontheexistingconditionsdata.The
locationswiththehighestdensityoffactorswereidentifiedas
potentialareasofconcern.Figure4-2showstheresultsofthe
GISanalysisinHonolulu.Thismapinformationwasdiscussed
withtheTACandCAC.Thistechnicalexercisewasusedasa
toolfortheTACandCACtodetermineareasofconcern.Table
4-1defineseachfactorandhowitwasmeasuredintheGIS
analysis.FurtherdetailsontheGISdatausedandtechnical
methodsareprovidedinAppendixD,Methodologyforthe
AreasofConcern.
FIGURE4-2AGISanalysishelpedtodeterminelocationsofareasofconcern.
4-3STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
TABLE 4-1 TechnicalDefinitionofFactors
Factor Description Measurement
Connectivity
Awell-connectedsidewalksystemcanhelpimprovepedestriantravel,protectpedestriansfromvehicleconflicts,andimprovepedestrianaccesstoandfromthetransitnetworkandotherneededservices.Locationswithgapsinthesidewalksystem,especiallyinurbanorruraltownareas,cancreateundesirablewalkingconditions.Itshouldbenotedthatwhilepedestriansmayuseroadwayshoulders,manycommunitiesprefersidewalksovershoulderswhenpossible.Thisisparticularlytrueonthestatehighwaysystem,wherevehicletrafficlevelsaregenerallyhigherthanonotherroadways.
Locationsinneedofconnectivityimprovementsaredefinedasthosewhere:• Sidewalksaremissingonbothsidesofthehighwayfor1/8
mile or less in urban areas
• Sidewalksaremissingonbothsidesofthehighwayfor1/4mile or less in rural areas
• SpecificforKauai(perKauaiTAC)-Sidewalksaremissingfor1mileorless
Thesemeasurementsweredesignedtoidentifyplaceswherethereisasmallgapinexistingpedestrianinfrastructure.
Accessibility
AccessibilityisdefinedforthisPlanastheabilityofthegreatestnumberofpeopletoaccessthepedestriansystem.Certainlandusesgeneratehighlevelsofpedestrianactivity.Areaswithcloseproximitytopedestrian-intensivelandusesareafactorforestablishingtheareasofconcern.
Keylandusesthatneedtobeservedbythepedestriansystemincludeschools,touristdestinations,harbors,stadiums,stateandcountybeaches,stateandcountyparks,transitcentersandmajorbusstopsonOahu,futurerailstationsonOahu,hotels,libraries,medicalfacilities,policestations,governmentservicebuildings,high-densityresidentialdistricts,andcommercial districts.
TheselandusesweremappedusingGIS.Then,a1/4milewasdrawnaroundeachlanduse,reflectingthetypicaldistancepedestrianswouldbewillingtowalktoeachdestination.Schoolsweregivena1milebuffer,andfuturerailstationsweregivena1/2milebuffer.
Pedestrianaccesstoschoolswasveryimportanttotheprojectstakeholders,therefore,accesstoschoolswascountedseparately.
Pedestrian-Oriented
Populations
Thisfactoraddressestheneedsofpopulationsthatmayhavelimitedaccesstotransportationoptions.Youth,elderly,low-incomepopulations,andhouseholdsthathavenoaccesstovehiclesaremorereliantonthepedestriansystembecausetheymaynotbeabletodriveoraffordasafeandreliablevehicle.Areaswherethesetypesofpopulationsareconcentratedcanbeconsideredtohave“highpedestrianpotential.”Thisfactorwillhelptoensurethatthetransportationneedsofdisadvantagedpopulationsaretakenintoconsiderationwhenestablishingtheareasofconcern.
Locationsofhighconcentrationsofelderly,youth,low-income,andhouseholdswithnoaccesstovehiclepopulationsweremappedusingGIS.• Low-incomeisdefinedashouseholdslivingatorbelowthe
povertylevel.
• Elderlyisdefinedas65yearsofageorolder.
• Youthisdefinedas17yearsofageoryounger.
Highconcentrationsarethosewherethepercentageofthepopulationexceedstheaveragepercentageforeachcounty.Locationsweremappedusing2000USCensusblockgroups.
Safety
ReducingthenumberofcrashesinvolvingpedestriansisoneofthekeycomponentsofthisPlan.Thisfactorwasusedtoidentifythoselocationswithahighconcentrationofpedestriancrashesorsafety-relatedcomplaints.
Areaswereidentifiedforsafetyconcernsinthreeways:
1.Pedestriancrashhotspots.Locationsinurbanareaswithfiveormorepedestriancrashesortwopedestrianfatalitieswithinthestudyperiod,andlocationsinruralareaswiththree or more pedestrian crashes or two pedestrian fatalitieswithinthestudyperiod.Locationsaredefinedas+/-0.1mileineitherdirection.
2.High-complaintareas.TheTACprovidedalistoflocationswheretheiragenciesordepartmentsreceivehighnumbersofpedestriansafety-relatedcomplaintsandhighcomplaintareasfromthepublic.
3.TACrecommendations.TheTACidentifiedanykeyareasthattheybelievedneedtobeaddressedthroughtheareasofconcernexercise.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN4-4
OncetheinitialareaofconcernlocationswereidentifiedthroughtheGISanalysis,theTACand
CAC“ground-truthed”thefindingsbasedontheirtechnicalandprofessionalknowledge.They
examinedareaswherethedatashowedoverlappingareasofconcernandareaswherethedata
wasoutdatedorinaccurate.Theprojectteamusedtheseresultstofurtherrefinethelistof
areasofconcern.Duringthisprocess,theTACandCACbroughtuplocationsthatpedestrians
hadidentifiedasneedingimprovements,andopportunityareasthatcouldbecoordinatedwith
otherongoingorplannedefforts.Atotalofsixadditionalareasofconcernwereidentifiedby
theTACandCAC.Toincorporatetheinputfromthepublicobtainedduringthefirstroundof
publicoutreachmeetings,locationswherepubliccommentswerereceivedfromthreeormore
peoplewereaddedtothelist.Atotalofseventeennewareasofconcernlocationswereidentified
throughthispublicinvolvementprocess.
The public reviewed and validated the existing conditions analysis during the first round of public meetings.
4-5STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
The public reviewed and commented on the areas of concern during the second round of public meetings.
Throughoutthevalidationprocessfortheareasofconcern,
variousstakeholderswerecontactedandexistingconditionswere
furtherresearchedtodevelopprojectdescriptionsandanalyses
oftheissuesand/orconcerns.Oncethedescriptionsandanalyses
weredeveloped,potentialsolutionsweregenerated.The
potentialsolutionsaresharedinChapter5.Detailsofeachareaof
concerncanbefoundinAppendixE,AreasofConcern.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN4-6
Five Areas of Concern were identified within the County of Hawaii. One was identified through the technical analysis, and four were identified based on feedback from the TAC, CAC, or the general public. These are described further on Table 4-2 and shown on Figure 4-3.
TABLE 4-2 CountyofHawaiiAreasofConcern
ID No.
Areas of Concern
Identification Method Factor
DescriptionFact
or O
verla
y An
alys
is
Stak
ehol
der
Inpu
t
Conn
ectiv
ity
Acce
ssib
ility
POP
Safe
ty
1Hawaii Belt Road,PaauiloElementarySchool
● ● ● ●Studentslackadedicatedandintuitivewaytowalkorbikebetweenschoolandthepedestrianbridge.Currentlytherearenosignsindicatingtomotoriststhataschoolisnearby.
2BayfrontHighway,Kaipalaoa Landing
Public ● ●
ThereisaneedtoaccommodatepedestriansthatcrosstheBayfrontHighway.PedestrianscrosswhereWaianuenueAvenueintersectswiththehighway.Existingsidewalksfromdowntownleadtowardsthisintersection,soitisunderstandablethatpedestrianslookingtoaccessthewaterfrontwouldchoosetocrossinthislocation.
3Mamalahoa Highway,Naalehu
TAC ● ●
ThemaukasideofMamalahoaHighwaylacksadequatepedestrianfacilitiesinNaalehu.Althoughthemakaisidehasasidewalkingoodcondition,itdoesn’tcontinuewestthroughthetowncenter.Thesitewouldbenefitfromadditionalsidewalkstoenhancepedestrianconnectivityfromthepark,school,andservices.
4 NorthKona, Queen’sLei CAC ● ●
TheKailua-Konaarealacksmulti-modalconnectivityoptions.Queen’sLeiisa16.75-milecirculationloopforbicyclistsandpedestrians.Itwouldprovidefortheneedsofavarietyofpedestriansandbicyclists,includingcommuters,schoolchildren,neighborhoodresidents,andrecreationalusers.
5Akoni Pule Highway,atKawaihae Road intersection
Public ● ●ThereisaneedtoaccomodatepedestriancrossingsattheintersectionofAkoniPuleHighwayandKawaihaeHarborRoad.Thereiscurrentlynocrosswalknorsignagetowarnmotoriststobeawareofpedestriancrossings.
4.2 County of Hawaii Areas of Concern
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
4-7STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
North Kona, Queen’s Lei
Akoni Pule Highway, at Kawaihae Road intersection
Hawaii Belt Road, Paauilo Elementary SchoolFIGURE 4-3CountyofHawaiiAreasofConcern
Bayfront Highway, Kaipalaoa Landing
Mamalahoa Highway, Naalehu
LEGENDSidewalk on Both SidesSidewalk on One SideNo SidewalkFreewayLocal Roads
H5
H1
H3
H4
H2
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN4-8
TABLE 4-3 CountyofMauiAreasofConcern
ID No.
Areas of Concern
Identification Method Factor
DescriptionFact
or O
verla
y An
alys
is
Stak
ehol
der
Inpu
t
Conn
ectiv
ity
Acce
ssib
ility
POP
Safe
ty1
FarringtonAvenue,MolokaiHighSchool
● ● ● ●Studentslackdedicatedpedestrianfacilitiestowalktoschool,assidewalkstransitionintoshouldersjustpastthehighschool.Improvedpedestrianaccommodationswouldbenefitthecommunityandenhancepedestrianconnectivityinthearea.
2Kaahumanu Avenue,KahuluiHarbor
Public ● ●
TheareaalongKaahumanuAvenuewherethesidewalkisdiscontinuouscreatesagapforpedestrianconnectivity.Inthisarea,peopleeitherwalkalongaprivateparkinglot,inthebikelane,orinthelandscaping,ortheycrosstotheothersideoftheroad.Thelandscapedareasarenotwelllitandcontaintreesandhighwaysignage.
3HanaHighway,PaiaYouthCenter
● ● ● ● ●
Between2004and2008,therewerefourpedestrian-relatedcrashesinthisstudyarea,primarilyatthesignalizedintersectionofHanaHighwayandBaldwinAvenue.VehiclesoftenparkintheshoulderalongHanaHighway,blockingpedestrianaccessfromtheparkinglottotheYouthCenter.
4Haleakala Highway,KulaHighway,nearMakawao
CAC ● ●StudentsfromtheMakawaoandPukalanicommunitieslackadedicatedpathtoandfromschool.Itwouldbepreferablefortheseyoung,inexperiencedcommuterstowalk/bikeonafacilityseparatedfromvehiculartraffic.
5PiilaniHighway,at Moi Place intersection
TAC ●
TheintersectionofPiilaniHighway(Highway31)andMoiPlaceinKiheiiscurrentlyunsignalized.Amarkedcrosswalkisprovidedforpedestrianstocrossthehighwayonthesouthsideoftheintersection.Thereisnoadvancesigningtowarndriversofthepotentialpresenceofpedestrians.
6Mokulele Highway/Puunene Avenue
TAC ● ●
AsharedusepathrunsalongPuuneneAvenueonthemakaisideoftheroad,andendsattheintersectionwithHookeleStreet.AnexistingsharedusepathalsorunsalongPuuneneAvenue,startingattheintersectionwithPuukaniStreet.AgapinpedestrianconnectivityexistsbetweenHookeleandPuukaniStreets.
7MainStreet,atChurch Street andHighStreetintersections
TAC ● ●
AtboththeChurchStreetandHighStreetintersectionswithMainStreet,thedesignradiiofseveralofthecurbreturnsisverygenerous.ThisallowsforvehiclestoturnontooroffofMainStreetatrelativelyhighspeeds,andreducestheamountoftimethatpedestriansanddrivershavetoreacttothepresenceofoneanother.Inaddition,therearealotofturningmovementsattheMainandHighStreetintersection,whichcanbeconfusingforpedestrians.
4.3 County of Maui Areas of ConcernSeven Areas of Concern were identified within the County of Maui. Two were identified through the technical analysis, and five were added based on input from the TAC, CAC, or the general public. They are described further on Table 4-3 and depicted on Figure 4-4.
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
Farrington Avenue, Molokai High School
M1
4-9STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
FIGURE 4-4CountyofMauiAreasofConcern
Haleakala Highway, Kula Highway near Makawao
Main Street, at Church Street and High Street intersections
Piilani Highway, at Moi Place intersection
Kaahumanu Avenue, Kahului Harbor
M2
M5
M7
Hana Highway, Paia Youth Center
M3
Mokulele Highway/Puunene Avenue
M6
LEGENDSidewalk on Both SidesSidewalk on One SideNo SidewalkFreewayLocal Roads
M4
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN4-10
TABLE 4-4 CountyofKauaiAreasofConcern
ID No.
Areas of Concern
Identification Method Factor
DescriptionFact
or O
verla
y An
alys
is
Stak
ehol
der
Inpu
t
Conn
ectiv
ity
Acce
ssib
ility
POP
Safe
ty
1Kuhio Highway,atKawaihau Road intersection
Public ● ● ●
AlongKuhioHighway(Highway56)inKapaa,threeroadsfromthemaukaside(CaneHaulRoad,HauaalaRoad,andKawaihauRoad)intersectthehighwaywithina250-footstretch.Pedestriansfromtheresidentialneighborhoodintheareahaveadifficulttimecrossingthehighwayinordertoaccessthemulti-usepathonthemakaisideoftheroad.
2
KuhioHighway,betweenWilcoxMemorial Hospital and Hanamaulu Road
TAC ● ● ●
ItisaconcernforpedestrianswalkingalongthissectionofKuhioHighway,wheretherearenosidewalks,erodingsectionsofsidewalks,andabridgewithnarrowshoulders.Itisalsodifficultforpedestrianstocrossthehighwaybecauseofthelackofcrosswalks.Inaddition,vehicleshavebeenobservedspeedingalongthissectionofthehighway.
3KuhioHighwayatEhikuStreet,Lihue
Public ● ●
ThereisasidewalkgapalongKuhioHighwayatEhikuStreetwherepedestrianshavetowalkonagrassbuffer.Anexistingdrainageswaleandovergrownlandscapingfurtherimpedepassage.ThelackofcrosswalksacrossKuhioHighwaylimitssafeoptionsforpedestrianconnectivityalongthiscorridor.
4RiceStreet,nearNawiliwiliHarbor
Public ● ●
AlongthissectionofRiceStreet,pedestrianswalkonpavedshouldersbetweentheharborandhotel.Thereareareasthatarenarrowforpedestrianuse,includingcrossingtheNawiliwiliBridge.Theexistingbridgedoesnotappeartohaveavailablewidthtoaccommodatepedestrianfacilities.
5Kaumualii Highway,atPapalina Road intersection
● TAC ● ●
Therewerefourcrashesrecordedatthisintersectionbetween2004and2008,withthreeoutofthefourcrashesinvolvingapedestriancrossinginthecrosswalk.Thefourthcrashresultedfromamotoristrunningofftheroadway.Allcrashesoccurredonacleardayduringdaytime.
KuhioHighway,between Aku Road and Hanalei Dolphin Center
Public ● ●
AsmentionedintheKuhioHighwayHistoricRoadwayCorridorPlan2005,thereisaneedtocreateapedestrian-friendlyenvironmentalongKuhioHighwaythroughHanaleiTown.Improvementsshouldbepedestrian-orientedthroughtheHanaleitowncenter(HanaleiPostOfficetoHanaleiTrader),wherecommercialandpublicfacilitiesoccur.
4.4 County of Kauai Areas of ConcernSix Areas of Concern were identified in the County of Kauai. One was identified through the technical analysis and five were added based on input from the TAC, CAC, or the general public. They are described further in Table 4-4 and depicted on Figure 4-5.
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
4-11STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Kuhio Highway, between Aku Road and Hanalei Dolphin Center
Kuhio Highway, at Kawaihau Road intersection
Kuhio Highway, between Wilcox Memorial Hospital and Hanamaulu Road
Kaumualii Highway, at Papalina Road intersection Rice Street near Nawiliwili Harbor
Kuhio Highway at Ehiku Street, Lihue
FIGURE 4-5County of Kauai Areas of Concern
K1
K6 K2
K3
K5K4
LEGENDSidewalk on Both SidesSidewalk on One SideNo SidewalkFreewayLocal Roads
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN4-12
4.5 City and County of Honolulu Areas of Concern
Thirteen Areas of Concern were identified in the City and County of Honolulu. Nine were identified through the technical analysis and four were added based on input from the TAC, CAC, or the general public. They are described further in Tables 4-5 and 4-6 and depicted on Figures 4-6 and 4-7.
TABLE 4-5 CityandCountyofHonoluluAreasofConcernO1toO6
ID No.
Areas of Concern
Identification Method Factor
DescriptionFact
or O
verla
y An
alys
is
Stak
ehol
der
Inpu
t
Conn
ectiv
ity
Acce
ssib
ility
POP
Safe
ty
1Kamehameha Highway,at Pualalea Street,Kahuku
TAC ● ●
Between2004and2008,therewerefivepedestriancrashes(includingonefatalpedestrianfatality)thatoccurredattheintersectionofKamehamehaHighwayandPualaleaStreet.Thecrashestookplaceduringthedaywhilepedestrianswerecrossingwithinthecrosswalks.Theintersectionhasanunsignalizedpedestriancrosswalk,andadvancewarningsignsarenotprovided.
2
Kamehameha Highway,between AvocadoStreetand Kilani Avenue
● ● ●
Between2004and2008,thereweretenpedestriancrashesthatoccurredonthissectionofKamehamehaHighway.SixofthemoccurredattheintersectionoftheKamehamehaHighwayandOliveAvenue.Mostcrashesoccurredinthecrosswalkwhentherewasaconflictbetweenturningvehiclesandpedestrianscrossing.LeftturnsfromKamehamehaHighwayontoOliveAvenueareprotectedbutvehiclesarealsoallowedtomaketheleftturnsongreenwhenitispermissive.
3Waialae Avenue,atHunakai intersection
TAC ● ●
Between2004and2008,sixpedestriancrashesoccurredatthesubjectintersection,includingtwofatalcrashes.ThemajorityofpedestriancrashesoccurredbetweenvehiclesturningfromHunakaiStreetandpedestrianscrossingWaialaeAvenue.Traditionaltext-basedpedestrianwalksignalsarestillinplaceattheintersection.
4FortWeaverRoad,IlimaIntermediateSchool
● Public ● ● ●
TheFortWeaverRoad(Highway76)andMakuleRoadintersectioninEwaBeachisunsignalizedandfrequentlyusedbyschoolkidsgoingtoIlimaIntermediateSchool.Theintersectionisstop-controlledonMakule;thereisastopbarnorthboundonFortWeaverRoad,butnonesouthbound.OutoftheelevenpedestriancrashesonFortWeaverRoadthatoccurredbetween2004and2008,fouroccurredwhilepedestrians crossed near the crosswalk at Makule Road.
5FarringtonHighway,Nanakuli
● Public ● ● ● ●InNanakuli,FarringtonHighway(Highway93)hasnarrowpavedshouldersandnosidewalks.Localresidentslackadedicatedpathtowalk/bikealongFarringtonHighway,whereservicesarespreadoutalongtheroute.
6FarringtonHighway,WaianaeTown
● Public ● ● ●
Between2004and2008,therewere22pedestriancrashesthatoccurredalongthestudysegment,with15pedestriancrashesoccurringinthenorthernhalfmileapproachingAlaWaluaStreet.Themajorityofpedestriancrashesoccurredwhilethepedestrianswerecrossingwithinthecrosswalks.
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
4-13STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
FIGURE 4-6CityandCountyofHonoluluAreasofConcern
Farrington Highway, Nanakuli
Waialae Avenue, at Hunakai intersection
Fort Weaver Road, Ilima Intermediate School
Farrington Highway, Waianae Town
Kamehameha Highway between Avocado Street and Kilani Avenue
O3
O4
O5
O6
Kamehameha Highway at Pualalea Street, Kahuku
O1
LEGENDSidewalk on Both SidesSidewalk on One SideNo SidewalkFreewayLocal Roads
O2
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN4-14
TABLE 4-6 CityandCountyofHonoluluAreasofConcernO7toO13
ID No.
Areas of Concern
Identification Method Factor
DescriptionFact
or O
verla
y An
alys
is
Stak
ehol
der
Inpu
t
Conn
ectiv
ity
Acce
ssib
ility
POP
Safe
ty
2
VineyardBoulevard,between Palama Street and Aala Street
● ● ● ●
VineyardBoulevard(Highway98)isadividedprincipalarterialwitha30-mphpostedspeedlimit.Therearesidewalksonbothsidesofthestreetwithamedianrefuge.Thereishighpedestrianactivityinthiscommercial/residentialneighborhood.Crashdataindicatesthatconflictingmovementsofturningvehiclesandpedestriancrossings,andpedestrianscrossingoutsideofcrosswalkoragainstthewalksignalwereprimaryfactorsinvolvedinthe13pedestriancrashesthatoccurredwithinthissectionofVineyardBoulevardbetween2004and2008.
1LilihaStreet,atKukui Street
TAC,CAC ● ● ●
TheintersectionofLilihaStreetandKukuiStreetisabusyintersectionwithalotofthroughtrafficandhighpedestrianactivity.Crashdataindicatesthattheintersectionareahasexperiencedtenpedestriancrashesbetween2004and2008.Therearemarkedcrosswalks,buttheintersectionisneitherstop-controllednorsignalized.
3
VineyardBoulevard,atQueenEmmaintersection
● TAC ● ●
ThereisconsiderablepedestrianactivityintheareaoftheVineyardBoulevardQueenEmmaStreetintersectionwithtwoschoolsandseniorhousingnearby.Theintersectionissignalizedwithcrosswalks,pedestriancountdowntimers,andamedianrefuge.2004-2008crashdataindicatesthatmostcrashesoccurredwhentherewasaconflictbetweenturningvehiclesandpedestrianscrossingVineyardBoulevard.
4
Ala Moana Boulevard,atHobron Lane intersection
● ● ● ●
AlaMoanaBoulevardisadividedfacility,withafewopeningsforcrossing.PedestriantrafficcrossingAlaMoanaBoulevardatHobronLaneisheavy.Thecrosswalkshavepedestriansignalheadswithcountdowntimersandpedestrian-activatedpushbuttons.
5
Ala Moana Boulevard,atWardAvenueintersection
TheintersectionofAlaMoanaBoulevardandWardAvenueinHonoluluexperienceshighvolumesoftrafficandconsiderablepedestrianvolumes.ThecrosswalksacrossAlaMoanaBoulevardarelonganddonothavemedianrefugesforcrossingpedestrians.ThemakaisidecrosswalkatWardAvenuecrossesataskewedangle,whichaddstoitslength.
Ala Moana Boulevard,between Bishop Street and Richards Street
● TAC ● ● ●
AlaMoanaBoulevardinHonoluluexperienceshighvolumesoftrafficandconsiderablepedestrianvolumes.ThereisasidewalkgaponthemakaisideofAlaMoanaBoulevardbetweenRichardsStreetandBishopStreet,whichisimpracticalforpedestrianstravelingalongAlaMoanaBoulevard.
KalihiStreet,betweenN.KingStreetandDillinghamBoulevard
● ● ● ●
EightcrashesinvolvingpedestriansoccurredonKalihiStreetbetween2004and2008.Fourcrashesoccurredwhilethepedestrianwascrossingwithinamarkedcrosswalk,whilethreeoccurredoutsideofcrosswalks.Thelackofcrosswalksmaynotbetheprimarycontributingfactor,sincetherearecrosswalksatmost,ifnotall,streetintersectionsalongKalihiStreet.
O10
O11
O12
O13
O7
O8
O9
4-15STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
FIGURE 4-7CityandCountyofHonoluluAreasofConcernO7toO13
Vineyard Boulevard, between Palama Street and Aala Street
Ala Moana Boulevard, at Hobron Lane intersection
Ala Moana Boulevard, at Ward Avenue intersection
Ala Moana Boulevard, between Bishop Street and Richards Street
Kalihi Street, between N. King Street and Dillingham Boulevard
O13
Liliha Street, at Kukui Street
O7
Vineyard Boulevard, at Queen Emma intersection
O9
LEGENDSidewalk on Both SidesSidewalk on One SideNo SidewalkFreewayLocal Roads
O12
O8
O11O10
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN4-16
Refer to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) for sign design requirements and required distances at crosswalks and intersections.
4-17STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
CHaPTer 5Recommendations
Pedestrians walk along Kuhio Highway in Lihue, Kauai
5-1STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
5. reCoMMendaTionS This chapter presents the recommended project solutions for addressing the areas of concern, consistent with the goals and objectives of this Plan.
TABLE 5-1
ProjectPrioritizationCriteria
Criterion Analysis Questions
Pedestrian Connectivity
Towhatextentdoestheprojectprovideadirectneworimprovedconnectiontopedestrianattractors?
Towhatextentdoestheprojectfillasidewalkgap(oraddressanyareawherethesidewalkisinneedofrepair)?
Pedestrian Safety
Towhatextentdoestheprojectaddresspedestriansafety?
Environment
Doestheprojectimpactmountainousterrains,coastalroads(climatechangeimpacts),culturalandhistoricresources,threatenedandendangeredspecies,orSection4(f)parkresources?
Property Impacts
Towhatextentdoestheprojectimpactproperty?
Cost Howcostlyistheproject?
Funding Availability
Towhatextentdoestheprojecthavepotentialfundingsourcesandhowcompetitiveistheprojectforfundingamongsimilarprojects?
Pedestrian-Oriented Populations
Towhatextentdoestheprojectservepedestrian-orientedpopulationswhicharehighconcentrationsofelderlypersons,youth,personsearningbelowthepovertyline,andpersonswithlimitedaccesstovehicles,asdefinedbytheUSCensus?
5.1 Solutions DevelopmentAstheareasofconcernlocationlistwasrefined,theproject
teamworkedwiththeTACtodevelopandexplorepotential
solutionsforeachlocation.Usingbestpracticesfromthe
HawaiiPedestrianToolbox,avarietyofoptionswereevaluated
aspossiblesolutions.Engineering,education,andenforcement
wereallconsidered.Thepotentialsolutionsweresharedwith
theCACandthepublictoobtainfeedbackonwhetherthe
solutionwouldaddressthelocationneeds.Thefeedbackwas
usedtofine-tuneandadjustthesolutionsasneeded.
5.2 Prioritization ProcessTheprojectteamidentifiedseveralevaluationcriteriato
prioritizetheprojectstoaddresstheareasofconcern.The
criteriaweredevelopedearlyintheprocess(inthesametime
frameasthefactorsusedtoidentifytheareasofconcern)to
ensuretransparencyandprovidecleardirectionrelatingtothe
higher-priorityprojects.Thecriteria,showninTable5-1,were
derivedfromthegoalsandobjectivesandwererefinedbased
onfeedbackfromtheTACandCAC.
Eachcriterionwasassignedoneormoreanalysisquestions
andascaleformeasuringtheevaluation.Thescaleforeach
questionwasfromzerotofive,withzerorepresentingthe
lowestvalueandfiverepresentingthehighest.Eacharea
ofconcernprojectwasgivenascoreforeachcriterion.The
purposeofthesecriteriawastoevaluatetheprojectsbyhow
theyaddressdifferentstakeholderandcommunityvalues.The
TAC,CAC,andgeneralpublicwereaskedtorankthecriteria
duringthefirstroundofpublicmeetings.Thevaluesofthe
variousstakeholderswerenoticeable.Table5-2showsthe
resultsoftherankingexercise.Eachcriterionwasassigneda
weightbasedonthestakeholderandcommunityvalues.
Eachprojectwasthengivenarankingbasedonthesummation
ofthescores(fromtheanalysisquestions)andtheweight
assignedtoeachcriterion.ThecriteriainTable5-1werea
criticalstepintheprioritizationprocessbecausetheyserved
asanobjectivewaytorankprojects.Therankingsderived
fromtheanalysisquestionsforeachcriterionshowedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheproposedprojectsandsolutionsinrelationtoeachother.Comparisonsofthescoresfortheprojectsandsolutionsweremoreimportantthanthescoresthemselves.
AdetailedexplanationofresultsandthescoresoftheprioritizationareprovidedinAppendixF,PrioritizationProcess.Table5-3liststheprioritizedprojectsandpotentialsolutionsin
order.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN5-2
5.3 Recommended Project SolutionsTable5-3liststheprojectsolutionsrecommendedfortheareasofconcernpresentedinChapter4.Thetablealsoliststhe
projectsintheorderofpriority.Thisprioritizationismeanttobeusedwhenseekingnewsourcesoffunding.Additional
informationontheprojectsisprovidedinAppendixE,AreasofConcernProjectDescriptions.
Criteria TAC CACPublic
Hawaii Maui Kauai Oahu Total
PedestrianSafety 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
PedestrianConnectivity 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
Pedestrian-OrientedPopulations 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
PedestrianSystemGaps 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Environment 7 5 5 5 5 7 5
FundingAvailability 7 6 7 7 6 5 6
Cost 5 7 6 6 7 6 7
PropertyImpacts 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
TABLE 5-2CriteriarankedbytheTAC,CAC,andpublic,intheorderthatwasmostimportanttothem
TABLE 5-3PrioritizedListofProjects
Rank ID # Project Name Potential Solution
1 O-9 Vineyard Boulevard, at Queen Emma Intersection
Review the traffic signal timing to determine whether a leading pedestrian interval is feasible, add additional signage to alert drivers of pedestrians, and implement Walk Wise Hawaii (WWH), an educational program to educate the surrounding community about pedestrian and driver awareness.
2 O-6 Farrington Highway, Waianae Town
Implement WWH, an educational program to educate the community about pedestrian and driver awareness. Re-stripe faded crosswalks and install advanced stop bars with advance pedestrian signage.
3 O-7Vineyard Boulevard, between Palama Street and Aala Street
Implement WWH, an educational program to educate the community about pedestrian and driver awareness. Install additional pedestrian signage for drivers turning onto Vineyard Boulevard and consider the feasibility of a leading pedestrian interval.
4 O-13Kalihi Street, between N. King Street and Dillingham Boulevard
Consider the consolidation of some of the crosswalks to a primary one across from Kalakaua Middle School, with the installation of a Rectangular Rapid Flash light-emitting diode Beacon (RRFB). The site would also benefit from enhanced crosswalk markings with wider white lines.
5 K-2Kuhio Highway, between Wilcox Memorial Hospital and Hanamaulu Road
Improve pedestrian connections by replacing eroded sidewalks, closing sidewalk gaps, and replacing the footbridge along Kuhio Highway from Wilcox Memorial Hospital to Hanamaulu Road.
6 O-2Kamehameha Highway between Avocado Street and Kilani Avenue
Conduct a review of signal phasing to explore whether or not the permissive left turn movement is needed or if the demand could be handled by a longer phase of protected left turn movement. Implement WWH, an educational program, to the surrounding community.
7 O-8 Liliha Street, at Kukui Street
Install a traffic signal at the intersection of Liliha Street and Kukui Street to provide pedestrians with a dedicated crossing phase.
8 O-1 Kamehameha Highway at Pualalea Street, Kahuku
Install an unsignalized pedestrian crosswalk, as well as advance signing and stop bars to warn drivers of the potential presence of pedestrians.
9 O-3 Waialae Avenue, at Hunakai Intersection
Replace the traditional pedestrian walk signals with new pedestrian countdown timers.
5-3STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Rank ID # Project Name Potential Solution
10 H-3 Mamalahoa Highway, Naalehu
Improve pedestrian connectivity by closing sidewalk gaps along Mamalahoa Highway through the town of Naalehu to Ohai Road.
11 O-10 Ala Moana Boulevard, at Hobron Lane Intersection
Conduct a traffic study to modify the existing signal timing to optimize signals and lengthen pedestrian crossing time along the corridor, if warranted.
12 M-2 Kaahumanu Avenue, Kahului
Fill sidewalks gaps with the addition of sidewalks or walkways along Kaahumanu Avenue between Wharf Street and Kainani Street. Develop wayfinding signage for visitors in the area.
13 O-12Ala Moana Boulevard, between Bishop Street and Richards Street
Enhance pedestrian connectivity by installing sidewalks on the makai side of Ala Moana Boulevard between Bishop Street and Richards Street.
14 K-5Kaumualii Highway, at Papalina Road Intersection
Construct intersection improvements at Kaumualii Highway and Papalina Road, such as pedestrian countdown timers and advanced pedestrian warning signs to help improve motorist awareness of pedestrians.
15 M-3 Hana Highway, Paia Youth Center
Connect the pedestrian gap on Hana Highway, near Paia Town, from the end of the existing sidewalk on Hana Highway near Paia Town to the shared use path at Paia Youth Center’s parking entrance. Install pedestrian signs at the existing crosswalk.
16 M-1 Farrington Avenue, Molokai High School
Construct a dedicated pedestrian facility, from Kalae Highway to Molokai High School, for kids to walk to and from school.
17 O-4 Fort Weaver Road, Ilima Intermediate School
Conduct a traffic study at the intersection of Fort Weaver Road and Makule Road to verify the need for a traffic signal and the location of crosswalks.
18 O-5 Farrington Highway, Nanakuli
Improve pedestrian connectivity by constructing a shared use path along Farrington Highway, from Hakimo Road to Nanakuli Avenue.
19 K-4 Rice Street, near Nawiliwili Harbor
Provide a sidewalk or walkway connection from the Nawiliwili Bridge to shopping and services, the Marriott Hotel, and other destinations to the north.
20 K-3 Kuhio Highway at Ehiku Street, Lihue
Improve pedestrian circulation in Lihue, by completing the sidewalk gap on Kuhio Highway and installing a crosswalk across Ehiku Street near Walmart.
21 M-7Main Street, at Church Street and High Street Intersections
Perform possible traffic signal modification at Main Street and High Street and possible reduction of the curb radii at the Main Street and Church Street to reduce vehicle speeds around the corners and shorten the crossing distance.
22 H-2 Bayfront Highway, Kaipalaoa
Conduct a pedestrian study to install a series of marked crosswalks to link Downtown Hilo to the waterfront.
23 M-4 Haleakala Highway, Kula Highway, near Makawao
Construct a shared use path or sidewalk along Kula Highway and Haleakala Highway between Aapueo Parkway and Makawao Avenue.
24 H-1 Hawaii Belt Road, Paauilo Elementary School
Install additional school signs to remind drivers of the proximity of Paauilo Elementary and Intermediate School.
25 M-5 Piilani Highway, at Moi Street Intersection
Install advance signing and advance stop bars to warn drivers of the potential presence of pedestrians.
26 O-11 Ala Moana Boulevard, at Ward Avenue Intersection
Reduce the curb radii at the southeast corner to reduce the pedestrian crossing distances and lower vehicle speeds around the right turn.
27 M-6 Mokulele Highway/Puunene Avenue
Connect the pedestrian gap along Mokulele Highway/Puunene Avenue with a shared use path between Hookele Street and Puukani Street.
28 H-4 North Kona, Queen’s Lei Enhance pedestrian circulation in Kona, by constructing a portion of the Queen’s Lei shared use pathway between Keahole Airport Road and Makala Boulevard.
29 H-5Akoni Pule Highway, at Kawaihae Road Intersection
Realign Akoni Pule Highway to improve the sight distance for drivers and pedestrians at the Akoni Pule Highway and Kawaihae Harbor Road intersection. Install crosswalks and pedestrian advance warning signs.
30 K-6Kuhio Highway, between Aku Road and Hanalei Dolphin Center
Enhance pedestrian connectivity by providing a separated shared use path along Kuhio Highway through the Hanalei Town Center (from Hanalei Post Office to Hanalei Trade Center).
31 K-1Kuhio Highway, at Kawaihau Road Intersection
Construct one access to and from the communities along Cane Haul Road, Hauaala Road, and Kawaihau Road in Kapaa to and from the shared use path on the makai side of Kuhio Highway.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN5-4
Thenextstepfortheprioritizedprojectlistisintegrationinto
avarietyoftheHDOTprograms.AsshowninFigure5-1,as
theprojectsareprogrammedandbudgeted,theymoveinto
theprojectdeliverystage.Duringtheprojectdeliverystage,
amorethoroughengineeringanalysiswillbeconductedon
theproject’sfeasibilityandanenvironmentalassessmentof
environmentalimpactswillbeprepared.Duringthistime,
theprojectwillfurtherevolveandmaychangefromthe
initialanalysisconductedinthisPlan.Ifanyoftheprojects,
regardlessofranking,areco-locatedwithotherroadway
improvementprojects,theymaybeimplementedmorequickly
thanothersthatmaybehigherontheprioritylist.Chapter
6describestheimplementationstrategyforthese
projects.
5.4 Recommended Program SolutionsAsmentionedpreviously,therewasadesiretoincorporate
educationandenforcementintotheprojectsolutionsfor
theareasofconcern.Theprojectteamlookedatavariety
ofgovernmentalandnon-governmentalorganization
programsthatareinplace.Theprojectteam,TAC,andCAC
recommendedtheendorsementoftwoexistingprogramsto
supportthegoalsandobjectivesofthisPlan:WalkWiseHawaii
andSafeRoutestoSchool.Inadditiontothose,theproject
team,TAC,andCACurgecontinuedenforcementofpedestrian
safetylawsbythecountypolicedepartments.
Areas of Concern Location List developed based on:• Factor overlay
analysis• Input from the TAC
and CAC• Input from the
general public
Potential solutions developed by the PMT based on:• Planning level analysis• Input from the TAC and
CAC• Input from the general
public
Review Areas of Concern
Location List
Assess Potential Solutions
(Planning Level)
Finalize Pedestrian Master Plan
Recommendations
Project List Integrated into HDOT Programs
Project Gets Budgeted
HDOT Project Delivery
Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan Effort
Project incorporated into the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP)
• Verify Purpose and Need• Perform Engineering
Analysis (solution may be revised based on detailed engineering analysis)
• Design project• Construct project
Potential projects incorporated into the Pedestrian Master Plan
Statewide Pedestrian Master Plan Effort Project Delivery Process
FIGURE 5-1ProjectDeliveryProcess
5-5STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Walk Wise Hawaii (WWH)isapedestriananddriversafetyeducationalprogramsponsoredbytheHDOT.Theprogram
alsohaspublicpartnershipswiththeCityandCountyof
Honolulu’sDepartmentofTransportationServices,theCity
andCountyofHonolulu’sElderlyAffairsDivision,thestate
DepartmentofHealth,andtheHonoluluPoliceDepartment.
Itworksthroughcommunitypartnerships,presentations,and
themediatoeducatepedestriansanddriversonsafewalking
anddriverawareness.Theprogramoperateswithgrants
fromtheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration
andcurrentlyhaspartnershipswithkeybusinessesand
organizationsthroughoutthestate.WWHsponsorsanannual
majoreducationcampaignthatisdesignedtoinformcitizens
aboutsafebehaviorsandlawsforpedestriansanddrivers.
Thepubliceducationcampaignistargetedtothegeneral
public,withanemphasisonelderlycitizensandyouth.WWH
providesoutreachatcommunityeventsthroughoutthestate
andonline.Oneoftheproposedsolutionsfortheareasof
concernisaWWHeducationalcampaigntargetedtokey
pedestrianattractorsorcommunitycentersinthearea.The
WWHSpeakersBureauisaneffectivewaytoeducateboth
pedestriansanddriverswithPedestrianandDriverPledges.In
additiontotheSpeakersBureau,periodicenergeticpedestrian
sign-wavingeventsandenforcementstingswillhelpremind
thecommunityaboutpedestriansafety.Thecontinued
enforcementofexistingpedestriansafetylawsandincreased
presenceoflocalpoliceofficersinhighlytraveledpedestrian
areaswillhelptoeducateandreinforcecitizens’andvisitors’
knowledgeofdriverandpedestrianlaws.
Safe Routes to School (SRTS)isafederally-fundedprogram
designedtoencouragechildrentobikeorwalktoandfrom
school.SRTSprogramactivitiesremaineligibleunderthe
currentTransportationAlternativesProgram(TAP).TheSRTS
programinHawaiiisadministeredbytheHDOT.Thepurpose
oftheSRTSprogramistopromotewalkingandbicyclingto
andfromschool,encourageelementaryandmiddleschool
agedchildrentobephysicallyactive,andpreventchildhood
obesity.SRTSproposalscanbereceivedfromentitieseligible
toreceiveTAPfunds,suchaslocalgovernments,transit
agencies,naturalresourceorpubliclandagencies,andschools
statewideforinfrastructureandnon-infrastructureprojects
withinapproximatelytwomilesofanelementaryormiddle
school.SRTSimplementsitsvisionthroughfivedistinct
ways:engineering(improvinginfrastructureforbicyclists
andpedestrians),education(teachingchildrenaboutsafe
behaviorsforwalkingandbicycling),enforcement(partnering
withlawenforcementagenciestoenforcepedestriansafety
laws),encouragement(sponsoringeventslikeWalktoSchool
Day),andevaluation(monitoringanddocumentingthenumber
ofchildrenwhowalkorbiketoschool).Itisrecommendedthat
theHDOTcontinuetosupporttheSRTSprogram.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN5-6
AcrosswalkanddetectablewarningstripatthefrontofMolokaiHighSchool
5-7STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
CHaPTer 6Implementation
ApedestrianusesthecrosswalktocrossMamalahoaHighwayinCaptainCook,Hawaii
6-1STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
6. iMPleMenTaTion This chapter describes the HDOT’s strategies for implementing the projects and programs described in Chapter 5. It includes a description of best practices in pedestrian-oriented street design from the Hawaii Pedestrian Toolbox, a listing of performance measures for use in monitoring this Plan, and suggested funding strategies for the projects identified in Chapter 5.Aplanisonlyworthwhileifitleadstoaction.TheHDOTiscommittedtoensuring
thattheworkdescribedinthisPlanleadstoimplementationofnewprojectsand
supportforexistingprogramstobenefitpedestriansthroughoutthestate.The
HDOTwillmoveforwardwiththreestrategiestoensureeffectiveimplementation
ofthisPlan:
1) Referencing best practices in pedestrian-oriented design.Bestpracticesindesigningforpedestriansafety,mobility,andaccessibilityincludeactionssuchas
thoughtfullayoutofsidewalks,presenceandtimingofpedestriancrossingsignals,
accessmanagementalongroadways,andlandusedesign.Thesepracticesare
summarizedbelowinSection6.1anddescribedingreaterdetailinthecompanion
documenttothisPlan,theHawaiiPedestrianToolbox.
2) Seeking funding for projects.Fundingisscarceforalltypesoftransportationprojects.TheHDOTwillseekfundingfortheprojectsdescribedinChapter5using
thesequenceofmethodsdescribedbelowinSection6.2.
3) Monitoring the performance of this Plan.TheHDOTwillmonitorthe
performanceofthisPlanusingtheperformancemeasuresdescribedinSection6.3.
6.1 Hawaii Pedestrian ToolboxTheHawaiiPedestrianToolboxisanimportantguidefor
projectimplementationthroughoutthestate,providing
consistentandcohesiveguidanceforplanning,design,and
operationofpedestrianfacilities.Asacompaniondocumentto
thePlan,theHawaiiPedestrianToolboxpresentsbestpractices
basedonacompilationofadoptedguidancefromaroundthe
UnitedStatesandothercountries.TheToolboxwasdeveloped
tospecificallyaddressareasofconcernidentifiedduring
thedevelopmentofthePlan,andistailoredtotheunique
characteristicsandcontextofthestate.Itwillhelpplanners
anddesignpractitionersinHawaiibemorecognizantof
pedestriansininfrastructureplanninganddesign.Theywillbe
abletoreferencethesebestpracticesandadapttheguidance
tofittheirprojects.Theintentistoprovideacomprehensive
documentthatcanbeappliedunderawidevarietyof
applicationsanddiverseconditionsinHawaii.Implementation
ofthisguidancewillimprovepedestrianaccessibility,mobility,
connectivity,andsafety.Inadditiontoprovidingguidance
relatedtoplanning,design,andoperations,theToolboxalso
presentsbestpracticesrelatedtoeducation,enforcement,and
encouragementtoenhancepedestriantravelinHawaii.The
Toolboxdirectlysupportsthepolicyframework(vision,goals,
andobjectives)ofthePlanby:
• Promotingbestpracticesthroughoutthestateand
achievingabroader-scalepositivechangeinthepedestrian
environment;
• Providingconsistencyinpedestriandesignguidance;
• Providingcomprehensiveguidanceinanumberof
pedestrian-relatedtopics;and
• SupportingHawaii’sCompleteStreetsprinciples.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN6-2
Toolbox SeCTion 2
Pedestrian-Friendly Streets summarizesbestpracticesrelatedtoaccommodatingpedestriansinstreetdesign,includingHawaii’sprinciplesrelatedtoCompleteStreetsandsustainablestreets.Thesectionalsopresentsguidancerelatedtohowtoorganizethepedestrianrealmwithinstreetandroadwayrights-of-way.
TheHawaiiPedestrianToolboxstartsoutwithanIntroduction
andsectionsonHowtoUsetheToolboxandHawaii’s
Pedestrians.TheHowtoUsetheToolboxsectiondiscusses
thedifferencebetweenstandardsandguidelinesand
howtheToolboxistobeusedinrelationshipwithother
adoptedstandardsandguidelines.ThesectiononHawaii’s
PedestrianspresentsstatisticsonHawaii’spedestriansas
wellasthecharacteristicsofpedestriantravelandpedestrian
triplengths.Italsoincludesasectiononunderstanding
pedestriancharacteristicsandneedsinHawaii.
The guidance in each Toolbox section has been specifically tailored to the needs and characteristics of pedestrians across Hawaii. Planners and engineers will be able to reference these best practices and other relevant standards and guidance to fit their projects. The Toolbox sections are summarized below.
Hawaii Pedestrian Toolbox
Toolbox SeCTion 1
Thinking about Pedestrians from the Start—Creating Pedestrian Friendly Communitiesprovidesplanninglevelguidancethatcanbeappliedonacommunity-wideordistrict-widebasis.Thissectionofthetoolboxencouragespractitionerstoconsiderpedestrianneedsaspartofallplanninganddesignandtoaddressthoseneedsintegrallyandholisticallyaspartofeveryproject.
The How to Use This Toolbox section defines the difference between standards and guidelines.
Toolbox 1 – Creating Pedestrian-Friendly Communities includes tools and techniques to measure the walkability of your community.
Toolbox 2 – The section on Pedestrian-Friendly Streets shows the importance of access management.
inTroduCTion
6-3STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Toolbox 5 – The section on intersections provides tools for addressing pedestrians at crossing locations.
Toolbox 4 – In many places in Hawaii, the state highways serve as main streets through rural areas and small communities.
Toolbox SeCTion 3
AccessibilityaddressesconsiderationsrelatedtocompliancewithADAandPROWAGrequirementsapplicabletopedestrianfacilities.Themeasurespresentedinthissectionareprovidedtoensurethatthesefacilitiescanaccommodatetheelderly,hearingimpairedandthevisuallyimpaired.
Toolbox SeCTion 4
Sidewalks and Walkwayscoversspecificguidancerelatedtotheirdesignbasedontheirfunction,location,andusage.Considerationsindeterminingtheneedofsidewalksandwalkwaysarealsopresentedhere.Dimensionalguidancethatisapplicabletovarioussettings(urban,suburban,andrural)isprovided,alongwiththeminimumandrecommendedwidths.
Toolbox SeCTion 5
Intersections and Crossingsfocusesspecificallyonthedesignoflocationswherepedestrianscrossstreetsandroadways,aswellasgrade-separatedcrossings.Theselocationsareespeciallyimportantbecausepedestriansareextremelyvulnerableduetotheirproximitytovehicles.Thefollowingdesignpracticesatintersectionsareaddressedinthissection:• CrosswalkMarkings• AdvanceStopBars• Curb Ramps • Signalization• PedestrianRelatedSigns• RaisedIntersections• MediansandCenterRefugeIslands• Right-TurnLanes/SlipLanes
Toolbox 3 – The Accessibility section discusses a variety of measures such as speech messages at crossings, Braille signage, and warning surfaces that can improve safety and connectivity.
Intersections and Crossings
5-3
TheFederalHighwayAdministration’s2005study,"SafetyEffectsofMarkedversusUnmarkedCrosswalksatUncontrolledLocations,"evaluatedpedestriancrashesat1,000markedcrosswalksand1,000matchedbutunmarkedcomparisonsites.Noneofthesitesinthestudyhadtrafficsignalsorstopsignsontheapproachtothecrosswalk.Theresultsofthestudyindicated:
ON TWO-LANE ROADS• Therewasnodifferenceincrashratesbasedonthepresenceorabsenceofamarkedcrosswalk.
ON MULTI-LANE ROADS•OnroadswithanADTof12,000ormore,thepresenceofamarkedcrosswalkalone,withoutanyotherimprovementstopedestriansafety,wasassociatedwithahigherrateofcrashes.(Meaning:additionalimprovementssuchasadvanceandoverheadsigns,refugeislands,etc.areneededattheselocations.)
• Raisedmediansandrefugeislandsareassociatedwithasignificantlylowerrateofpedestriancrasheswithbothmarkedandunmarkedcrosswalks.
• Paintedmediansdonotsignificantlyimprovepedestriansafetyatcrossings,comparedtomultilaneroadswithnomedianatall.
•Olderpedestrianshavehighercrashratesrelativetotheirexposurethanotheragegroups.
MARKING CROSSWALKS
Ladder bar markings are highly visible and clearly mark pedestrian crossings.
Create crossings on all legs of an intersection.
Crossings should be at right angles to the
intersection, as feasible.
EXHIBIT5.2TypicalCrosswalkMarkings
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN6-4
Toolbox SeCTion 6
Pedestrian Access to Transitaddressesbestpracticesforcreatingaseamlessconnectionbetweenpedestrianandtransitmodesoftransportation.Specifictopicsaddressedinclude:• WhyPedestrianAccesstoTransitisImportant
• Accessibility
• TransitinHawaii
• TransitCompatiblePlanningandSiteDesign
• CoordinationbetweenAgencies
• TransitOrientedDevelopment
• TransitStopLocations
• PedestrianRoutestoTransit
• IntersectionsandCrossingsNearTransit
• DesigningandImprovingTransitFacilitiesforGoodPedestrian Access
Toolbox SeCTion 7
Shared Use Paths coversdesignpracticesrelatedtotrailsandpathsthataresharedbypedestriansandbicyclists.Specifictopicsaddressedincludeplansforlocalandregionalconnectivity,thedifferencebetweensharedusepathsandrecreationtrailsandpathcomponents,dimensions,andotherdesigntreatments.
Toolbox SeCTion 8
Children and School Zonesaddressesconsiderationsrelatedtoenhancingschoolwalkingroutesandpedestrianaccesstoandfromschools.Thissectionwilladdressspecialconsiderationsrelatedtochildrenandhowtoimprovestudentpedestriansafety.Othertopicsareneighborhooddesignandthelocationofnewschools,designconsiderationsinareassurroundingschools,trafficcontrolandcrossingsnearschool,andcrossingguards.TheSRTSprogramisdiscussed,alongwithothereducationaltoolsandprogramsforstudentpedestriansafety.
Toolbox 6 – Pedestrian Access to Transit includes strategies on bus stop locations and design.
Toolbox 8 – Establishing the appropriate location and site design for a school in a community can make a difference on whether children will walk to and from school or not.
Toolbox 7 – Designing for pedestrians includes a different set of horizontal geometrics standards for shared use paths than for roadways.
6-5STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Toolbox 11 – Pedestrians need to be accommodated in work zones.
Toolbox 10 – Encouragement and education are important tools to use to improve the awareness of pedestrian safety.
Toolbox 9 – Creating good pedestrian-friendly development encourages people to walk more.
Toolbox SeCTion 9
Special Pedestrian Districts and Site Design for Pedestrians providesguidanceforpedestrian-friendlysitedesignandcreatingspecialpedestriandistricts.Specifictopicsaddressedinclude:• TheValueofPedestrian-FriendlyDevelopment
• PlanningforAllTransportationModesasPartofSite Development
• Pedestrian-FriendlySiteDesign
• TheBenefitsofMixed-UseDevelopment
• Special Pedestrian Districts and Sites and Corridors Used ExclusivelybyPedestrians
• SharedStreets,FestivalStreets,andPlayStreets
Toolbox SeCTion 10
Effective Pedestrian Programs addresseseducation,enforcement,encouragement,evaluation,andequityaspartofpedestrianplanning,design,andoperations.Theinfluencesofthebuiltenvironmentandinfrastructurearesummarized.Specificeducationtopicsaddressedinclude:• OverviewofExistingEducationProgramsandCampaigns
in Hawaii
• EducationandOutreachToolsandStrategies
• EducationalTrainingPrograms
Specificenforcementtopicsaddressedinclude:• TargetedBehaviors
• EnforcementCampaignsandPrograms
• OtherEnforcementTechnologiesandPractices
• AdditionalLawEnforcementMethods
• Community-BasedStrategies
Specificencouragementtopicsaddressedinclude:• MediaCampaignsandStrategies
• PedestrianAdvocacy
• WalkingIncentives
• WalkingPrograms
Toolbox SeCTion 11
Maintenance and Pedestrian Safety in Work Zonescoversbestpracticesrelatedtomaintenanceofpedestrianfacilities,aswellasactionstoenhancepedestrianmobilityandsafetyinconstructionzones.Maintenanceitemsincludedarethewalkwaysurface,drainage,signs,signals,pavementmarkings,treesandplantings,andstreetfurniture.Bestpracticesforpedestriansafetyinworkzonesincludeprotectivebarriers,coveredwalkways,sidewalkclosures,andworkzonemaintenance.
9-4
Special Pedestrian Districts andSite Design for Pedestrians
Delineatedwalkwaysthroughparkinglots
Connectionstoneighborhoodsandsurroundingareas
Easytoidentifybuildingentrances
Buildingfrontageslocatedalongstreetsratherthanparkinglots
Convenientandsafeaccesstotransitandadjacentsidewalks
Alignmentofwalkwaysforconvenienceandreducedtraveldistances
Accessibleroutesoftraveltoandfromthesite,aswellasthroughoutthesite
Absenceofbarrierstopedestriantravel(e.g.walls,ditches,landscaping,orroadswithoutsafecrossings)
Pedestrian-friendlyarchitecturaldesign(awnings,activefrontagesalongstreets,visibleandwell-litbuildingentrances,etc.)
PEDESTRIAN- FRIENDLY SITE DESIGN CHECKLIST
Buildings front onto streets
Connections to adjacent neighborhood
Plaza acts as focal point
Wide walkway welcomes pedetrian to storefront
Transit access directly to site
Articulated building edges create lively pedestrian spaces
Futu
re D
evel
opm
ent
Futu
re D
evel
opm
ent
Paving pattern enlivens central axis.
Raised walkway across parking lot
Generous pedestrian drop-off zone
Clear pedestrian paths to all areas of the site
Continuous walkways connect all areas of the site
Shared Parking Lots
Futu
re Pedestr
ian Acc
ess
Building layout creates pedestrian mall
Pocket Park or Gathering Space
EXHIBIT9.1AWellDesignedSiteforPedestrians
Effective Pedestrian Programs
10-4
described on theHealthyHawaiiInitiative
website. Many other examples exist throughout
the United States, including the StreetSmart
campaign in the Washington D.C. metro area.
See Exhibit 10.1 for a StreetSmart billboard.
PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSAS)
PSAs are non-commercial broadcasts on radio,
internet, or television targeted to achieve a public
good. Most commonly, they address public
health and safety issues, such as safe walking
or driving behavior. An example of an existing
program in Hawaii would be the DriveAloha
(see website) announcements and jingle. PSAs in
other cities, such as those offered in Seattle to
promote pedestrian safety, are also examples.
PARTNERSHIPS
Partnerships targeting specific groups are
common and often utilize intermediaries who
regularly interact with the target group.
Hawaii’s programs include such partnerships
between government organizations, non-
profits, and universities.
ONE-TIME INSTRUCTION
Pedestrian safety education can often be
included as part of a larger one-time event such
as senior citizen health fairs, neighborhood open
houses, and transportation fairs at employment
sites. As an example, the WalkWiseHawaii
program conducts educational outreach in the
community through its speakers bureau.
EXHIBIT10.1StreetSmartbillboardinWashingtonD.C.metroarea(StreetSmart)
Drive Aloha bumper sticker (Drive Aloha)
Children gain hands-on experience crossing the street in a safe manner in New York's Safety City program (Safety City)
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN6-6
Potential funding Sources or Mechanisms
The following list of potential funding sources for pedestrian projects is discussed in greater detail in Appendix F, Funding Strategies.
federal
• Surface Transportation Program• Transportation Alternatives Program• Safe Routes to School Program• Highway Safety Improvement Program• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration• Recreational Trails Program• Enhanced Mobility of Seniors and Individuals with
Disabilities Program• Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality
Improvement Program• Community Development Block Grant• Transit-Oriented Development Planning Pilot
State
• State Highway Fund• State and County General Fund
• Government obligation bonds
local
• Improvement districts• Parking fees and fines• Tax increment financing• Community facilities district• Public private partnerships• System development charges and developer
obligations• Parking space tax
6.2 Funding Strategies ThissectiondescribespotentialstrategiesforfundingtheprioritizedprojectlistinChapter5.(Seetheboxonthispageforalistofpotentialfundingsourcesandfundingmechanisms.)Itisimportanttonotethatfundingiscompetitive.Althoughthereappeartobeseveralprogramsavailablethroughthefederalgovernmentforpedestrianprojects,theactualamountoffundingavailableissmallandHawaiicompetesforfundswithotherstatesinthecountry.Underthecurrentfederaltransportationauthorization,theTransportationAlternativesProgram(TAP)isanewprogramestablishedtoprovidefundingforavarietyofprogramsandprojectsdefinedastransportationalternatives,includingonandoffroadpedestrianandbicyclefacilitiesandcommunityimprovementactivities,suchasenvironmentalmitigation.Otheroptionsarefundingmechanisms,whichcanbecomplexandoftenrequirepropertyownerand/ortaxpayerapproval.
Becausefundingisscarceandfundingsourcesarecomplex,itisimportanttobestrategicinseekingtoimplementtheprioritizedprojectlist.Theprojectteamrecommendsthefollowing
approach:1. Determine which pedestrian solutions can be
implemented as part of another project or program that is already programmed.Areaswhereroadwayimprovementsarealreadyprogrammedforcapitalimprovementsmaybetheeasiestopportunitiestoimproveorincorporatepedestrianfacilities.Educationsolutionsthatcanbeincorporatedaspartofanexistingprogramwillalsobeaneasieropportunity.
2. Determine which pedestrian improvements can be implemented as part of maintenance improvements. Areaswhererestripingisneededortheinstallationofpedestriansignswouldbehelpfulcanbescheduledaspartofroutinemaintenanceforthatroadwayfacility.
3. Create an individual stand-alone project, if an improvement can’t be implemented as part of another roadway project.Seektoexhaustallotheropportunitiesbeforecreatingtheprojectasastand-alonepursuit.
4. Look for federal funding opportunities. Evaluate whether the funding opportunity is reasonable based on the likely competition for the funds and the amount of effort required to obtain it. Consider partneringwith
governmentalandnon-governmentalorganizationstoseek
federalfunds.
5. Evaluate the potential for Public-Private Partnerships. SeektopartnerwithprivateorganizationswithineachcommunitytoimplementthesolutionsidentifiedinthisPlan.
6. Recommend that new developments incorporate appropriate pedestrian improvements.Developersofnewfacilitiesarerequiredtoevaluatevehicularaccesstotheirdevelopment.Eachcountyshouldconsiderrequiringthatdevelopersimplementappropriatepedestrianfacilitiesaswellasimprovementsgearedtowards automobiles.
6-7STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Develop and Adopt
Plan
Implement Plan
Evaluate and Revise
Plan
Gather data to monitor
Plan
FIGURE 6-1PerformanceMonitoringandEvaluationProcess
6.3 Performance Measures and MonitoringPerformancemeasuresareusedforevidence-baseddecision
makingandforecasting,aswellasmonitoringprogress
towardslong-termgoalsandobjectives.TheFHWAdefines
aperformancemeasureas“aqualitativeorquantitative
measureofoutcomes,outputs,efficiency,orcost-
effectiveness.”TheFederalTransitAdministration(FTA)notes
that“measuringperformanceisawaytogaugetheimpactsof
thedecisionmakingprocessonthetransportationsystem.”
Performancemeasurescanalsoaddtransparencyandmore
visiblerelevancetotransportationplanningprocesses.They
canhelptocommunicatethevalueofprojectstopeoplein
thecommunityandbetterinformagenciesintheirdecision
making.
TheHDOTiscommittedtomonitoringtheperformanceof
thisPlanthroughtheperformancemeasuresinTable6-1.The
performancemeasuresweredevelopedwiththeTACand
CACtomeasuretheHDOT’sprogressinmeetingthegoals
andobjectivesofthePlan.Figure6-1depictsananticipated
monitoringcycleforthisPlan.
Tobalancetheneedofmonitoringperformancemeasures
withtheconstrainedresourcesoftheHDOT,atieredapproach
hasbeendeveloped.Tier1performancemeasuresare
essentialwaystomeasuretheeffortsofthePlantoachieve
itsgoals.TheyarealsofocusedonthefactorsthattheTAC
andCACplacedthegreatestemphasison,suchassafety
andconnectivity.Tier1performancemeasuresprovidethe
minimumamountofinformationrequiredtoanalyzethePlan’s
progressinmeetingeachgoal.Tier2performancemeasures
areimportantpiecesofinformationthatwouldgreatlyhelpin
understandinghowwellthePlanisperforming,butthatcanbe
alesserpriorityifstaffavailabilityisaconstraint.Abaselineof
theperformancemeasureshasbeenconductedwiththisPlan.
Table6-1identifiestheperformancemeasureandwhetheritis
Tier1orTier2.
STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN6-8
Goal 1: Improve Pedestrian Mobility and Accessibility Objective Performance Measures Tier
a.IncreasepedestrianactivityAdoptionofstatewideandcountyCompleteStreetspolicies 1
Pedestrianmodesplit(percentageoftripsbyfoot) 2
b.EncourageuseoftheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox ProvidetrainingforagencystaffandconsultantsontheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox 1
c.Implementprojectsalongstatehighwaystoenhancepedestrianmobilityandaccessibility
Percentageofroadwayprojectscompletedthatincludeimprovementstopedestrianfacilities 1
d.Improvemaintenanceofpedestrianfacilities Dollar amount spent on sidewalk repairs. 2
Goal 2: Improve Pedestrian SafetyObjective Performance Measures Tiera.Reducethenumberofcrashesandfatalities
involvingpedestrians Numberofannualpedestriancrashesandfatalities 1
b.Increasedriverandpedestrianknowledgeoflaws,legalrequirements,rights,andresponsibilities
Dollaramountspentonpedestriansafetyeducationalprogramssponsoredorco-sponsoredbytheHDOT 1
Numberofpublicawarenesscampaignsrelatedtopedestriansafetyimplementedeachyear 1
Hoursofornumberofpedestrian-relatedlawenforcementstingsimplementedeachyear 1
NumberoftheHDOTbike/pedestrianstaffpermillionpeople 2
c.Modifydriverandpedestrianbehaviorstoimprovepedestriansafety
Existenceoflawsprotectingpedestrianright-of-wayincrosswalks 1
Numberofdriver’stestquestionsonpedestriansandinformationonpedestriansintheHawaiiDriver’sManual 1
Numberofpolicecitationsforpedestrian-relatedviolations 2
d.Usebestpracticesfordesignandoperationofallpedestriancrossings
ProvidetrainingforagencystaffandconsultantsontheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox(SameperformancemeasureasGoal1,Objectiveb) 1
Percentageofprojectsthatincludepedestriancrossingsafetytreatments 1
Numberofpedestriancountdowntimersinstalledatsignalizedintersections 2
Goal 3: Improve Connectivity of the Pedestrian NetworkObjective Performance Measures Tier
a.Supportdevelopmentofseamlessandcontinuouspedestriannetworksalongstatehighwayswithconnectionstopaths,walkways,trails,transitcenters,andotherpedestrianfacilities
Milesofnewsidewalksandsharedusepathsalongstatehighways 1
Percentageoftransportationimprovementprojectsthathavebeenreviewedforconsiderationofpedestrians 2
b.Encouragepedestrianconnectivityacrossjurisdictions
AdoptionofCompleteStreetsPolicy(SameperformancemeasureasGoal1,Objectivea) 1
ProvidetrainingforagencystaffandconsultantsontheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox(SameperformancemeasureasGoal1,Objectiveb) 1
c.Supportprogramstoencouragemorestudentstowalktoandfromschool PresenceandnumberofWalk/BiketoSchoolDayprograms 2
Goal 4: Promote Environmental Benefits of Walking Objective Performance Measures Tier
a. Broaden public awareness about the environmentalbenefitsofpedestriantravel
NumberoftheHDOTbike/pedestrianstaffpermillionpeople(sameperformancemeasureasGoal2,Objectiveb) 2
b.Reduceoverallvehiclemilestraveledthroughincreased pedestrian trips Pedestrianmodesplit(sameperformancemeasureasGoal1,Objectivea) 2
TABLE 6-1PerformanceMeasurebyGoalandObjective
6-9STATEWIDE PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN
Objective Performance Measures Tier
c.Increasetheuseofothermodesoftransportationtoreducetheuseoffossilfuels.
Percentageincreaseofbikeridershiptowork 2
Percentageincreaseofannualtransitridership 2
d.Integratepedestrianfacilitydesignwiththenaturalenvironmenttothegreatestextentpossible
ProvidetrainingforagencystaffandconsultantsontheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox(sameperformancemeasureasGoal1,Objectiveb) 1
Goal 5: Encourage Walking to Foster Healthy LifestylesObjective Performance Measures Tier
a. Broaden public awareness about the health benefitsofwalking/pedestriantravel
Numberofpublicawarenesscampaignsrelatedtopedestriansafetyimplementedeachyear(sameperformancemeasureasGoal2,Objectiveb) 1
Dollaramountofpedestriansafetyeducationalprogramssponsoredorco-sponsoredbytheHDOT(sameperformancemeasureasGoal2,Objectiveb) 1
NumberoftheHDOTbike/pedestrianstaffpermillionpeople(sameperformancemeasureasGoal2,Objectiveb) 2
b.Improvepublichealththroughencouragementofwalking
Percentageofstatecenterlinemileswithsidewalksinurbanareas 1
Percentageofoverallpopulationandofyouth(ages10to17)whoareobeseoroverweight 2
Incidencesofdiabetesorasthmapermillionpeopleandphysicalactivitylevels 2
c.Supportcommunity-basedeventssuchasfunruns,walks,parades,andotherpedestrian-basedactivitiesthatencouragewalkingfordailyexerciseandsocialization
Numberofcommunity-basedeventsendorsedbytheHDOT 2
Goal 6: Enhance Communities and Economic Development By Creating Pedestrian-Oriented Areas and Positive Pedestrian ExperiencesObjective Performance Measures Tiera.Encourageprioritypedestrianinfrastructure
investmentincommunitiesthatareinhigh-densityresidential,visitor/touristlocations,and/orthathavehigherpedestrian-orientedpopulations(seniors,youth,low-income,orhouseholdswithnoaccesstovehicles)
Considerthelocationsofpedestrian-orientedpopulationsandvisitor/touristlocationswhenpreparingGeneralPlans,CommunityDevelopmentPlans,orSustainableCommunityPlans.Includetheneedforpedestrianfacilitiesindevelopmentsintheseareasandhigh-densityresidentialareas.
1
b.EncouragereferencetoanduseoftheHawaiiPedestrianToolboxtocreatepedestrian-friendlysettingsthatprovideapositivepedestrianexperienceandattracthighlevelsofactivity
ProvidetrainingforagencystaffandconsultantsontheHawaiiPedestrianToolbox(sameperformancemeasureasGoal1,Objectiveb) 1
c.Requiredevelopmentprojectstoincludepedestrianinfrastructure,fortheappropriatelanduseandfacility
Numberand/orpercentageofencroachmentpermitsthatincludepedestrianinfrastructureonstatefacilities 2
Goal 7: Promote and Support Walking as an Important Transportation Mode That Reduces Overall Energy UseObjective Performance Measures Tier
a.Strengthenpublicawarenessabouttheenergyconservationbenefitsofwalking
Numberofpublicawarenesscampaignsrelatedtopedestriansafetyimplementedeachyear(sameperformancemeasureasGoal2,Objectiveb) 1
NumberoftheHDOTbike/pedestrianstaffpermillionpeople(sameperformancemeasureasGoal2,Objectiveb) 2
b.Increasetheuseofothermodesoftransportationthatreducetheuseoffossilfuels.
Percentageincreaseofannualtransitridership(sameperformancemeasureas Goal4,Objectivec)PercentageIncreaseofbikeridershiptowork(sameperformancemeasureasGoal4,Objectivec)
2
c.Reduceresidentandvisitormotorvehiclefueldemandtohelpmeet2030targetsforenergyefficiency
Airqualitylevels 2
d.EncourageSmartGrowthdevelopmentwithcoordinatedlanduseandtransportationplanning
Implementationofprioritiesestablishedintransporationplanningdocuments,suchastheStatewideandRegionalLRLTPs,BikePlanHawaii,andStatewidePedestrianMaster Plan
2
Pedestrians enjoy the use of a wide sidewalk on Maui
Rachel Roper, Project Manager
Ken Tatsuguchi, Planning Branch Manager
Bryan Kimura, Traffic Branch Manager
Kathleen Chu
Cheryl Yoshida
Paul Luersen
Kit Ieong
OTAK, Inc.Mandi Roberts
top related