steering committee 12 november 2007 1 integrated water resource management and its implications for...

Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007 11

Integrated Water Resource Management and its implications for the energy sector in Tajikistan

PPCR Workshop on Climate Resilience and the Energy Sector6-7 March 2012, Dushanbe

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IWRM is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and

related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner

without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems (Dublin 1992, GWP)

Ecological integrity

Economic growth Social equity

Sustainability

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IWRM guiding principlesIWRM guiding principles Consider all water uses jointly and balance the Consider all water uses jointly and balance the

effect on each othereffect on each other Manage jointly water quality and quantityManage jointly water quality and quantity Public Participation in all phases from planning to Public Participation in all phases from planning to

implementation implementation Decision making on the lowest appropriate levelDecision making on the lowest appropriate level Women play an important roleWomen play an important role Basins/hydrological boundaries as management Basins/hydrological boundaries as management

areasareas Flexible/adaptable to the specific needsFlexible/adaptable to the specific needs

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Agreement on IWRM for Agreement on IWRM for Tajikistan (April 2011)Tajikistan (April 2011)

Adoption of IWRM guiding principles (all Adoption of IWRM guiding principles (all sectors, joint quantity and quality sectors, joint quantity and quality management, participation, decision management, participation, decision making at lowest adequate level)making at lowest adequate level)

Basin approach, hydraulic boundariesBasin approach, hydraulic boundaries Separation of functions betweenSeparation of functions between

Policy making and regulatoryPolicy making and regulatory OperationalOperational

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Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007

Water and EnergyWater and Energy

Becoming more of a topic of interest due to:Becoming more of a topic of interest due to: relatively large consumption of energy by the water relatively large consumption of energy by the water

sector, e.g.sector, e.g.• In the UK 5% of all energy consumed (mainly for drinking water and In the UK 5% of all energy consumed (mainly for drinking water and

sewerage systems)sewerage systems)

• In India 6% of the energy used is for pumping groundwater for In India 6% of the energy used is for pumping groundwater for irrigationirrigation

• In Tajikistan this might well be even higher due to the large pumped In Tajikistan this might well be even higher due to the large pumped systemssystems

Increasing tendency to use irrigation for the growing Increasing tendency to use irrigation for the growing of bio fuel cropsof bio fuel crops

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Energy in TajikistanEnergy in Tajikistan 98% of the energy produced is through hydropower 98% of the energy produced is through hydropower

mainly generated by large dams and turbinesmainly generated by large dams and turbines

There is a large potential to increase the energy There is a large potential to increase the energy production from hydropower due to:production from hydropower due to:

suitable geography and geology suitable geography and geology

large annual amount of internal renewable water resources (> 60 kmlarge annual amount of internal renewable water resources (> 60 km33 ) )

Therefore in this presentation effects of large dams on Therefore in this presentation effects of large dams on various sub-sectors are evaluatedvarious sub-sectors are evaluated

Given the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on Given the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on the hydropower generation potential, it is advisable to the hydropower generation potential, it is advisable to re-evaluate reliance on hydropower onlyre-evaluate reliance on hydropower only

Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007

Overview of interactionsOverview of interactionsEnergy IrrigationEnergy Irrigation

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Inter-relations between energy & irrigation

Impact on evaluated inter-

relationDrier scenario Wetter scenario

Ability to manage floods and releases

+

++

Summer storage for winter power generation

-- +

Over-use of energy for irrigation

-- +

Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007

Use of energy for irrigation:Use of energy for irrigation:Installed pumps for the irrigation of 30,000 Installed pumps for the irrigation of 30,000

Ha in ZafarabodHa in Zafarabod

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Overview of interactionsOverview of interactionsEnergy Fishery Energy Fishery

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Inter-relations between energy & fishery

Impact on evaluated inter-

relationDrier scenario Wetter scenario

Migration of fish affected - +/- +/-

Water quality is reduced (salinity, eutrophication, less aeration)

-- +

Restocking + +/- +/-

Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007

Overview of interactionsOverview of interactionsEnergy Environment Energy Environment

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Inter-relations between energy & environment

Impact on evaluated inter-

relationDrier scenario Wetter

scenario

Increased erosion potential downstream

-+ -

Fringes of reservoirs subject to waterlogging and salinity

- - +

Increased discharge + +/- +/-

Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007

Overview of interactionsOverview of interactionsEnergy Tourism Energy Tourism

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Inter-relations between energy & tourism

Impact on evaluated inter-

relationDrier scenario Wetter scenario

Fishery - +/- +/-

Water quality - - +

Lake environments/physical aesthetics

+ - +

Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007

Overview of interactionsOverview of interactionsEnergy Industry Energy Industry

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Inter-relations between energy & industry

Impact on evaluated inter-

relationDrier scenario Wetter scenario

Reservoirs accumulate pollution

-+/- +/-

Power availability/reliability + - +

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Main interactions and climate change impactsMain interactions and climate change impactsEnergy Disaster ManagementEnergy Disaster Management

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Inter-relations between energy & environment

Impact on evaluated inter-

relationDrier scenario Wetter scenario

Slope stability - + -

Management of flow releases

+ +/- +/-

Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007

Main interactions and climate change impactsMain interactions and climate change impactsEnergy Disaster ManagementEnergy Disaster Management

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Inter-relations between energy & water & sanitation

Impact on evaluated inter-

relationDrier scenario Wetter scenario

Impediment of sanitation due to waterlogging

- + -

Standing water bodies affect water quality and accumulate pollutants

-- +/-

Clusters of luxury accommodation might affect water quality

-+/- +/-

Steering Committee Steering Committee 12 November 200712 November 2007

ConclusionsConclusions There are many interactions between There are many interactions between

reservoirs and various water sub-sectorsreservoirs and various water sub-sectors Some potential impact of climate change was Some potential impact of climate change was

considered using two extreme scenarios: drier considered using two extreme scenarios: drier and wetterand wetter

Due to the large variety of interactions it is not Due to the large variety of interactions it is not possible to identify which scenario leads to possible to identify which scenario leads to more positive or negative impacts and more positive or negative impacts and mitigation of one effect might lead to worsening mitigation of one effect might lead to worsening of another of another

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