stevia

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April 8, 2023 M.Kh.Aboghrip phytopathology 2013 1

Untraditional crops Stevia

Under supervision

Dr. Mohamed SaidPrepared by

M.Kh.AboghripB.Sc. Agric. Ain-Shams Uni.M.Sc. BioChem. Banha Uni.

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SteviaO Introduction O Classification O Origin O Geographical distribution O Morphology O Environmental requirementO PropagationO Cultivation O Biological benefits O Chemical composition

IntroductionO stevia rebaudiana (Family:

Asteraceae) is one of only two species that produce sweet steviol glycosides.

O This Sweet Herb of Paraguay, is fast becoming a major source of high potency sweetener which has no calorific value.

O Several countries including India have started its commercial cultivation.

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Classification

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Kingdom Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering

plantsClassMagnoliopsida– Dicotyledons

Subclass Asteridae GroupMonochlamydae

Order Asterales

Family Asteraceae– Compositae family

Subfamil

y

Asteroideae

Tribe Eupatorieae

Genus Stevia

Specie

rebaudiana

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OriginO Stevia is native to the valley of the

Rio Monday in highlands of Northeastern Paraguay in South America where it grows in sandy soils near streams on the edges of marshland, acid infertile sand or muck soils.

Geographical distribution

O The main producers of stevia are Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Korea, Brazil, Malaysia and Paraguay. Currently,

O Stevia is consumed in Japan, Brazil, Korea, the United States of America, Argentina, China, Canada, Paraguay and Indonesia

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Plant morphology

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O Flower structure

O Different stages of flower opening.

O SEED

O (a) (b)

O Stevia seeds (a) infertile seeds are usually pale or clear and (b) fertile seeds are dark colored

Plant morphology

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O Leaf structureO Root

O stem structure

Environmental requirement

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O Latitude between 22º and 24º South LatitudeO Soils are generally slightly acidic 5.5 - 6.0 pHO Sandy loam to loam – natural soils are somewhat O mineralized semi-tropical soils in the category of

FerralsolsO Rainfall is generally in the 1200 – 1700 mm per year

and normally evenly distributed throughout the yearO Temperatures considered semi-tropical to temperate

averaging 15º to 35 ºC

.

PropagationO Vegetative Propagation

Seed propagationO Shoot Cuttings

O tissue culture

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Cultivation

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BIOSYNTHESIS OF STEVIA GLYCOSIDES

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EXTRACTION OF STEVIA GLYCOSIDES

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Biological propertiesO BIOLOGICAL

PROPERTIESO EFFECT AS A

SWEETENING AGENTO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITYO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND

IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY

O EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

O MUTAGENIC AND BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY

O EFFECT ON RENAL FUNCTION

O EFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE

O EFFECT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE

O ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITYO INTESTINAL METABOLISMO GASTRO PROTECTIVE

ACTIVIO EFFECT ON K+ ION

CHANNELO ANTICANCER ACTIVITYO TOXICOLOGY

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•kills fungi

STEVIA SIDE EFFECTS & SAFETY

O Some people who take stevia or stevioside can experience bloating or nausea.

O Other people have reported feelings of dizziness, muscle pain, and numbness.

O Pregnancy and breast-feeding.O Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

O Allergy to ragweed and related plantsO Diabetes

O the chemicals contained in stevia might lower blood sugar levels

O Low blood pressure

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STEVIA INTERACTIONS

O Lithium interacts with SteviaO Medications for diabetes

(antidiabetes drugs) interacts with stevia

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CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF

STEVIA MIXTURE.

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