stics: strategic training initiative in community supervision like the soldier who has marched...
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Like the soldier who has marched into the battlefield and, tired, weary, and burdened with the ever-changing orders from the generals, he must make crucial
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The Supervision Officer As A Foot Soldier
decisions all alone, the community supervision officer “follows” the orders of management and works tirelessly behind closed doors to promote change in clients characterized as antisocial, lacking motivation or in downright denial, resistant, defensive, aggressive, and criminal.
The EBP Transformation in Corrections:Facilitating Organizational Change.
Guy Bourgon, Ph.D., C. Psych.Cog Summit: Track 3
Minnesota. February 5, 2016
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
YOUR MISSION SHOULD YOU CHOOSE TO ACCEPT IT…..
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Help transform this..
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
And this…
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Into this…
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
And this…
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
IS IT REALLY “MISSION IMPOSSIBLE?”
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
OK. So Bring EBP to Corrections!
Lets do it right!
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
First - Let us acknowledge… Traditional training approach inadequate
• Typical training ≠ long-term change E.g. MI, Greenlight, Prop 31, UK, etc. EBP more complex than risk assessment, etc. “Clinical” skills are “messy”
Threats to fidelity significant & real• Organization barriers
Climate, culture, values, policies and procedures• Resistance
At all levels for change• Implementation planning, adjustments, changes…
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Implementation Lessons:Going beyond the “Content”… Training Strategies
Continuous Education = Better Results STICS=Training + Ongoing Development Activities
Invest in Leaders ↑ Leaders = Better Results
– Examine skill differences in leaders– Examine influence of leader’s skills on staff
Organizational Context ↑ Readiness to Change = Better Results Vision of Community Supervision
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Lay of the land Provincial Community Corrections
• Very large geographical area with 4.6 million• ~ 50 offices plus “satellites”• ~ 500 probation officers
~ INITIAL: 360 supervising moderate & higher risk• Clients on primarily on probation, but bail and other
community supervision orders Canadian “eh”!
• RNR savvy: RNR-based policies and practices• Case management plus in-house programs
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
The “Preparations” Participated in original STICS study
• ~20 PO had already been trained Some using it for ~ 3 years to varying degree
Investment substantial prior to starting• Budget allocation for long-term
Allowed hiring staff (~35 coaches) Leadership, partnerships and dedication Planning and preparing organizational change
Starts at the top• “Top Dog” all in…
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Organizational Change: Willingness to examine all business
• Examine in-congruencies in policies, practices. Partnerships critical
• Leverage expertise but work together Quality (not speed) drives process
• Research and evaluation emphasis• Quality lens for operational decisions
Development of internal capacity a MUST• Staff are the most important resource• `New and evolving ``job descriptions`` • Place value in individuals continuous learning
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Local (Office) Change: Managerial support
• Quality assurance changes• The small things to demonstrate value
New `supervisor` in play (i.e. the coach)• Coach role, responsibilities, and reporting• Relationships with manager• Relationship with staff
Enhancing internal capacity• Flexibility of workload to assist officers• Supporting coach`s professional development
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Officer Change: Recognize that it takes time
• Skill development requires constant learning• Some skills improve quicker than others
Must create “learning environments”• Organizationally and locally• Place value in individuals continuous learning
Structures and `trainers` needed at many levels• Various `learning structures` in STICS• Various levels of `trainers`
CONTINUAL PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
The Guiding Principles… Change at all levels of organization is required;
• It won’t be easy on anyone! Systematic efforts needed to build capacity;
• Various levels of expertise required for success! Change takes time;
• For officers, managers, senior leaders, and culture! Effective “trainers” require
• 1st: STICS skills and experience• 2nd: Teaching/facilitation skills
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Creating Learning Environments Officers Professional Development
• Initial Training (handle 20-30 participates per)• Monthly Meetings (~ 2-3 hours a month)• Refreshers (every 6-8 months…then annually)• Feedback – Formal and Informal
Coach Professional Development• Nuts & Bolts• Clinical Development• Workshops• Learning Plans
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Learning Structures Resources (eventually over time)
• Training Manual• Monthly Meeting Manuals• Coaches Manual• Manager Manual• Training Videos• Network site (officer, coach, coordinator)• Refresher Manual• Human (trainers, coordinators, coaches, peers, committees, etc.)
Feedback team Communities of Practice (new training once done)
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision 20
STICSProfessional Development
Start 1 month 8 months 12 months 18 months
STICS Training PO Development and Skill Maintenance
Attend Initial Training
• Research: Audiotaping: 6 clients, 3 sessions per client• Formal Written Feedback on sessions (2 minimum/year)• Informal assistance/guidance from Coach/Peers
• Attend Monthly Meetings (8 minimum/year)
• Refresher Course(s) (2 minimum/year)
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision 21
After 18 months:Annual Professional Development
Annually Thereafter
PO Development and Skill Maintenance
• Formal Written Feedback on sessions (1 minimum/year)• Formal Feedback (oral/written) from Coach (1 minimum/year)• Informal assistance/guidance from Coach/Peers
• Attend Monthly Meetings (8 minimum/year)
• Refresher Workshop (1 minimum/year)
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Organizational Challenge…
Create & Resource “Structures”• HR plans, workloads, logistics, etc.
Build Capacity• Everything new so NO existing “expertise”• Coaches, Trainers new and in future • Capacity to “train” newly hired staff
Implementation Integrity• How to monitor/evaluate system uptake• Quality assurance• “Conflicts” (i.e. policy, procedure, staff)
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Structures, Capacity & Integrity:Prior to Training
Plan: Train office not individuals• Creating new environment (all start together)
Coach trained ~ 6 months prior to office• Allow time to gain experience: STICS
Coach “buddied” up with another coach• Allow time to gain experience: coaching activities
Establish procedures (baseline and future)• Most challenging: recording sessions
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Structures, Capacity & Integrity:Initial Training & First 6 Months Coach participate with office (2nd time)
• Further exposure plus (modeling/leading experience)• Backup coach identified
Monthly Meetings• Coordinator “chairs” early monthly meetings• Buddy coach (additional support and debrief)
More resources to address initial resistance Coaching Development
• Debrief Formal Feedback with colleagues• Advanced STICS skill development workshops• Generic coaching skills training
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Structures, Capacity & Integrity:6 – 18 months Coach gradually takes additional responsibilities
• Coordinator joins Monthly Meeting less frequently• Informal Feedback can be provided to peers
Administrative work increases• Monitoring/coordinating professional development and
research activities• Learning plans with peers
Continue Coaching Development• Advanced STICS skill development• Learning plan developed with coordinators• Other: e.g., trainer helper, feedback, MM creation, etc.
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Structures, Capacity & Integrity:And beyond… Coach gradually takes additional responsibilities
• Coordinator joins Monthly Meeting less frequently• Informal Feedback can be provided to peers
Administrative work increases• Monitoring/coordinating professional development and
research activities• Learning plans with peers
Continue Coaching Development• Advanced STICS skill development• Learning plan developed with coordinators• Other: e.g., trainer helper, feedback, MM creation, etc.
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Implementation Lesson 1Continuous Development:
Learning Takes Time
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Changes Over Time:Discussing Non-Criminogenic Needs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Baseline 1-4 mths 4-9 mths 10-12 mths 1 yr +
% o
f a se
ssio
n
r = .05 (p=.33) with time since initial training
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Changes Over Time:Discussing Criminogenic Needs
30
35
40
45
50
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Baseline 1-4 mths 4-9 mths 10-12 mths 1 yr +
% o
f a se
ssio
n
r = .10 (p=.06) with time since initial training
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Changes Over Time:Use of Cognitive Interventions Skills(% of sessions cognitive interventions used)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Baseline 1-4 mths 4-9 mths 10-12 mths 1 yr +
% o
f Ses
sion
s
r = .10 (p = .06) with time since initial training
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Changes Over Time:Quality of Cognitive Skills
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Baseline 1-4 mths 4-9 mths 10-12 mths 1 yr +
r = .21 (p<.01) with time since initial training
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Implementation Lesson 2Invest in Leaders
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
“Expertise” is the critical Levels of “Expertise” in STICS implementation
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Experts
Coordinators
Coaches
Probation Officers
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Discussion Content:Officer – Coach - Coordinator
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Crim Needs NonCrim Needs
Officer Coach Coordinator
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Skills:Officer – Coach - Coordinator
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
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Structuring Relationships Beh Tech Cog Tech
Officer Coach Coordinator
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Cognitive Techniques:Officer – Coach - Coordinator
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
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Any Cog Tech
Officer Coach Coordinator
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Do Skilled Coaches Lead to Stronger Officer Skills?
Key Coach Skills:Relationship & Cognitive Techniques
(as demonstrated in sessions with clients)
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Impact of Coach Skills:Staff Cognitive Skills Scores
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
Coach Cognitive Skills Coach Relationship Skills
Adju
sted
Mea
ns
Low High
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Coach Skills: Low-High median split.
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Impact of Coach Skills:Staff Relationship Skills Scores
11.5
11.75
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12.25
12.5
12.75
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Coach Cognitive Skills Coach Relationship Skills
Adju
sted
Mea
ns
Low High
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Coach Skills: Low-High median split.
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Impact of Coach Skills:Staff Cognitive Skills Scores
-0.5
-0.25
0
0.25
Cognitive Skills Relationship Skills
Adju
sted
Z S
core
s
Poor Coach Skills Average Coach Skills Strong Coach Skills
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Implementation Lesson 3Organizational Change
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
THE VISION…
COMMUNITY SUPERVISION’S IDENTITY CRISIS…
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
This...
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Or…
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Is Vision Important? 8 Offices: Ranked low to high on “Shared Vision”Mean Cognitive Skills Scores of staff
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
A B C D E F G HOffices
Ranked low to high on shared "vision"
Adju
sted
Mea
n Sc
ore
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
350 Officers and 4 years later
Preliminary Results on BC’s Implementation
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Collection and Coding Efforts to date…
Total Pre-STICS Post-STICS# recordings collected by BC 4,355 954 3,401
Data Efforts to Date by PSC
# recordings coded to date 572 94 478
# probation officers coded to date 225 90 204
# clients coded to date 488 93 395
Time per Session (minutes: seconds) 25:34 20:24 26:36
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Improving What Goes on Behind Closed Doors
Session Characteristics
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Pre and Post STICS: Significant increases on session characteristics
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2
3
4
5
6
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Therapeutic vsAssessment
Teaching vsAdvice/Orders
Reinforce vs Punish Internal Causes vsExternal Causes
Qua
lity
Scor
e (R
ange
1-7
)
Pre-STICS Post-STICS
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Session characteristics reflect improved qualities of POs
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Improving What Goes on Behind Closed DoorsDiscussion Content
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Pre and Post STICS:Significant changes in officer-client criminogenic and non-criminogenic need discussions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Criminogenic Needs Non-Criminogenic Needs Conditions
% o
f 5 m
in. s
egm
ents
Pre-STICS Post-STICS
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More targeted criminogenic need discussions (more criminogenic, less non-criminogenic)
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Improving What Goes on Behind Closed Doors
Skills and Techniques
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Pre and Post STICS:Significant increases on quality of PO skills
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
Structuring Skills Relationship Skills Behavioral Techniques Cognitive Techniques
Stan
dard
Scor
es (i
.e.,
M =
0 an
d SD
= 1
)
Pre-STICS Post-STICS
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Enhanced PO skills and techniques after STICS
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Targeting Procriminal Attitudes
The Frequency of Using Cognitive Techniques
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Pre and Post STICS:Significant increase on frequency of cognitive intervention techniques
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Use of Cognitive Techiques
% o
f Ses
sion
s
Pre-STICS Post-STICS
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More work on attitudes and thinking
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
To Date: Considerable amount of data collected
• 4,000+ recordings and assessments, case plans, etc.• Study is the largest of its kind in Canada
Data Shows: Skill development is occurring
• Sessions about 6 minutes longer than previously• Supervision reflects more “change agent” work • Enhanced probation officer skills• More discussion on criminogenic needs• Procriminal attitudes targeted more often
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Its not an impossible mission… The organization has new “clients” – they are the
officers, managers, and senior managers – who are helping to change the way everyone thinks and behave.
The skills that are being trained for offender work are exactly the ones that will be useful to facilitate organizational change.
Each of us are responsible to ourselves and must ask what is the environment each of us creates…
Create one that facilitates and supports change!
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
STICS Implementation:The Road To Success
Enhancing Learning/Training Activities Valuing Continuous Professional Development
– Initial Training, Ongoing Development & Collaboration
Invest in Staff Officers, Coaches, Coordinators & Managers
Evolving Organization Solidifying jurisdiction’s vision to RNR supervision
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STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Further Information
Available on the Public Safety Canada Website
www.publicsafety.gc.ca
ContactGuy.Bourgon@ps.gc.ca340 Laurier Ave WestOttawa, ON Canada
K1A 0P8
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Selected References
Bourgon, G. (i2013). The Demands on Probation Officers in the Evolution of Evidence-Based Practice: The Forgotten Foot Soldier of Community Corrections. Federal Probation, 77, 30-35. Bonta, J., Bourgon, G., Rugge, T., Gress, C., & Gutierrez, L. (2013). Taking the leap : From pilot project to wide-scale implementation of the Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS). Justice Research and Policy, 15, (1).Bonta, J., Bourgon, G, Rugge, T. Gutierrez, L. (2011). An Experimental Demonstration of Training Probation Officers in Evidence-Based Community. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38, 1127-1148.Bonta, J., Rugge, T., Scott, T., Bourgon, G., & Yessine, A. K. (2008). Exploring the black box of community supervision. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 47, 248-270.Bourgon, G, & Gutierrez, L. (2012). The General Responsivity Principle in Community Supervision: The Importance of Probation Officers Using Cognitive Intervention Techniques and Its Influence on Recidivism. The Journal of Crime and Justice. DOI:10.1080/0735648X.2012.674816Bourgon, G, Gutierrez, L. & Ashton, J. (2011). The Evolution of Community Supervision Practice: The Transformation from Case Manager to Change Agent. Irish Probation Journal, 8, 28-48. Reprinted in Federal Probation, September 2012. Bourgon, G., Bonta, J., Rugge, T, & Gutierrez, L. (2010). The role of program design, implementation, and evaluation in evidence-based “real world” community corrections. Federal Probation, 74, 2-15. Bourgon, G., Bonta, J., Rugge, T, & Gutierrez, L. (2010). Technology Transfer: The Importance of On-Going Clinical Supervision in Translating ‘What Works’ to Everyday Community Supervision In Fergus McNeil, Peter Raynor & Chris Trotter (eds) Offender Supervision: New Directions in Theory, Research and Practice. Willan Publishing. Devon, UK.
STICS: Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision
Although there are many hurdles to quality implementation, both at an organizational and an individual level, these barriers can be overcome. For each individual officer who faces the prospect of change, it is a daunting task. Organizations and trainers can provide the opportunities and supports, but ultimately, when the door closes and the officer and client meet face-to-face, the officer must decide what he or she will do with the time allotted to their clients. Like the lonely foot soldier,
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laden with a heavy burden alone in the trenches, officers must draw upon their own resources and decide for themselves whether to march forward or stay where they are. The power to choose is theirs.
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