strategic management accounting
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MAF 635 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
PREPARED BY:NAJATUL HUSNA BINTI MOHD NASIR 2013406458NUR AMALINA BINTI ROMLI 2013432856NURAZURIN BINTI SHAHLI 2013225844
Strategic manufacturing
planning
E-commerce
MRP
MRP II
ERPCAD
CAM
PARETO ANALYSIS
COURSE OUTLINE
E-COMMERCE
The exchange of goods and services
for money
Buying
distributingSelling
• Involves supply chain management, e-marketing, online marketing, EDI
• Electronic Technology• Internet• Extranet/intranet• Protocols
E-Commerce Mechanism
• Enables new ways of creating, delivering and capturing value to customers.• Exchange information, content, agreements, and
services among parties that are connected to through the Internet.
• Transformation of economic activity into digital media• Availability• Convenience
HOW DOES IT WORKS?
KEY DRIVERS
Technological Factors
Political Factors
Social Factors Economic Factors
Categories of E-Commerce
B2B B2C
C2B C2C
Business
Business Consumers
Consumers
And selling to...
Business originating from...
Business to Business (B2B) refers to the full spectrum of e-commerce that can occur between two organizations.
This includes purchasing and procurement, supplier management, inventory management, channel management, sales activities, payment management &service and support.
Examples: FreeMarkets, Dell and General Electric Business to Consumer (B2C) refers to exchanges between
business and consumers, activities tracked are consumer search, frequently asked questions and service and support.
Examples: Amazon, Yahoo and Charles Schwab & Co
Peer to Peer (C2C) exchanges involve transactions between and among consumers. These can include third party involvement, as in the case of the auction website Ebay.
Examples: Owners.com, Craiglist, Monster
Consumer to Business (C2B) involves when consumers band together to present themselves as a buyer in group.
Example: www.planetfeedback.com
BENEFITS & LIMITATION
BENEFITSOrg Consumer Society
Acc to international marketplace
24/7 access Enable more flexible working place
Operation cost savings
More choices Connects people
Mass Communication
Improve delivery process
Facilitate delivery of public services
Enable to reduce Inventories
An environment competition
LIMITATIONSOrg Consumer Society
Insufficient system security
Cost to access to the internet
Breakdown in human interaction
Facing increasing competition
Lack of security of the data
Social division
Rapid evolving of technology
Physical contact are replaced by technology process
MRP
•Material Requirements Planning • is a production planning and inventory control system
used to manage manufacturing processes. • Aim : to achieve sufficient level of inventory
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESReduced inventory with fewer (none) shortages
Rely on accurate inputs
Reduced Traffic Cost Requires a lot of time
Reduced Obsolescence Costly & consuming
Reduced overtimeEnhance customer serviceReduced purchasing Cost (Saves Cost)
OBJECTIVES
Ensure materials are available for production and products are
available for delivery to customers.
Maintain the lowest possible material and product levels in
store
Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing
activities.
FUNCTIONS
The basic function of MRP system includes inventory control, bill of material processing and elementary scheduling.
MRP helps organizations to maintain low inventory levels. It is used to plan manufacturing, purchasing and delivering activities
MRP II•Manufacturing Resources Planning II
Involve the other function of organization in manufacturing production• Eg : Human relations, finance, marketing etc. • It makes the organization to concentrate on the better
machine capacity planning & labour schedullingADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Better inventories control Poor quality informationBetter planning & scheduling its operation Improve organization’s cash flowProvide profitability info timely & valid
DIFFERENCES
MRP • Purpose:• To help the managers in
determine the quantity & timing of raw materials to purchase
• Concern with material
MRP II• Purpose:• To help the managers
with other parts of the manufacturing process.
• Integration of all aspect of manufacturing production
ERP WHAT?
●is a type of financial management and accounting software
●integrates information concerning financial, manufacturing, sales, service, customer relations management, and other business activities
●impact revenue or liabilities into a single package.
WHY?
NON-INTEGRATED SYSTEM
INTEGRATED SYSTEM
●An attractive solution for many large companies
● Act as a planning company backbone for a company’s core business process
●Able to share the data from these processes with other corporate software system
● Early systems tend to be large, complicated, and expensive.
●Tend to create changes in many business process.
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
/ COMPUTER-AIDED
MANUFACTURING (CAM)
Specialized form of graphic
software
Provides interactive graphic
facilities
Assist engineering in:
* product and tool planning
* design, drafting
* process planning
* design revision
* facilities planning Use of computer systems and
software
perform function to manufacturing
engineering:
~ process planning
~ numerical control part
programming
to create a faster production
process and components and
tooling
CAD
CAM
Do you know?
Some computer
systems perform both
CAD/CAM, so term of
CAD/CAM is used to
Indicate the integration of
the two into one system.
How Does It Work?
ARCHITECTURE CAD software is used to design
2D floor plan and 3D schematic
of houses, office building and
other commercial structures.
ARCHITECTURE CAD software is used to design
2D floor plan and 3D schematic
of houses, office building and
other commercial structures.
AUTOMOTIVE CAD will help to create
prototypes of one body styles
and to design auto
components.
AUTOMOTIVE CAD will help to create
prototypes of one body styles
and to design auto
components.
FASHION The clothing manufactures can
determine the most efficient
cut of fabrics and can adjust
the scale of the pattern for
different size.
FASHION The clothing manufactures can
determine the most efficient
cut of fabrics and can adjust
the scale of the pattern for
different size.
Process of CAD/CAM
A designer use
CAD software to
make an exact
model of the
object that will
be manufactured
The design
specification are
downloaded to the
computer (CAM
computer) that
controls the
manufacturing
machine
The computer
controls the
machine which
makes the
product
Benefits & Limitations
> the correction can be
made
easily
> time and cost saving
> increased productivity
and
quality
> can be used to
facilitate
mass customization
> High cost
> software complexity
Branch of
science and
engineering
dealing with
the study of
robots
Involved with
robot’s design,
manufacture,
application,
and structural
disposition
Related to
electronics,
mechanics,
and software
The repetitive
tasks are
delegated to
machines
DEFINITION
PRO CONS
Incorporating industrial robots
does not guarantee results
in ROI
Safety of humans in danger with
presence of robots
High cost
Lack in expertise in operation of
robots
Increase workplace safety
Financial savings
High quality of product
More efficient in manufacturing
PARETO ANALYSIS
Pareto Principles
20% 80%
causes
work
results
When to use it?
When analyzing data about the frequency of problems
or causes in a process.
When there are many problems or causes and you want to focus on the
most significant.
Step 1
• Identify and List ProblemsStep 2
• Identify the Root Cause of Each ProblemStep 3
• Score ProblemsStep 4
• Group Problems Together By Root CauseStep 5
• Add up the Scores for Each GroupStep 6
• Take Action
How to use Pareto Analysis
Advantages of Pareto Analysis
Organizational efficiency
Improved decision making
Enhanced problem –
solving skills
Disadvantages of Pareto Analysis
Qualitative data VS
quantitative data
Multiple Pareto chart
maybe needed
Easy to make but difficult to troubleshoot
Conclusion
Pareto Analysis is a simple technique for prioritizing problem-solving work so
that the first piece of work you do resolved the greatest
number of problems.
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