strategies for meaningful gamification
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Strategies for Meaningful Gamification: Concepts behind Transformative Play
and Participatory Museums
Scott Nicholson @snicholsonSyracuse University
School of Information Studies
Because Play Matters game labhttp://becauseplaymatters.com
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Overview
• Meaningful Gamification• Concepts of Play• Participatory Museum• Strategies for Meaningful Gamification
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Gamification
• “The use of game design elements in non-game contexts” (Deterding et al, 2011, p. 1)
• Most common game design elements = scoring systems
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
BLAP Gamification
• Badges• Levels & Leaderboards• Achievements• Points
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
The Secret of External Rewards
• “Once you start giving someone a reward, you have to keep her in that reward loop forever.”– Zichermann & Cunningham, Gamification by
Design.
• Fine for skill building or short-term events• Problematic for long-term behavioral change
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Meaningful Gamification Theoretical Framework
• Self-Determination Theory / Organismic Integration Theory
• Situational Relevance• Universal Design for Learning• Player-Created Content• User-Centered Design
• http://becauseplaymatters.com
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholsonCC Canadian Coast Guard on Flickr
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Meaningful Gamification
• The use of user-centered game design elements in non-game contexts– Instead of organization-centered
• Use rewards sparingly if at all
• Focus on helping user find meaning in non-game context through game elements
• Allow user to set goals and create their own experience
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Solving for Play
• Game = Play + Goals + Structure
• Game – Play = Goals + Structure= BLAP Gamification
• Play = Game – (Goals + Structure)Think about the PLAY and PLAYer
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
What is Play?
• Features instead of definition• Common features–Voluntary –Exploration / Improvisation –Constraints
• Catalyst for learning
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Stages of Play (Eberle)
• Anticipation• Surprise• Pleasure• Understanding• Strength• Poise
• Cycle -> Transformative
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Transformation
Jesse Schell:Serious Games
“Transformative Games”
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Transformative
• Transformative Gamification – The use of transformative game design elements in
non-game contexts
• Transformative Play
• “Transformative Learning”
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Transformative Learning (Mezirow)
• Breaking Boundary Structures
–Disorienting experience–Recognition of others–Create a plan–Acquire new skills / knowledge–Raise self-confidence
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Ludic Learning Spaces (Kolb & Kolb)
• "free and safe space that provides the opportunity for individuals to play with their potentials and ultimately commit themselves to learn, develop, and grow" (2010, 27)• Play + Constraints
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Participatory Museums
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Adult Play Concepts from Participatory Museums
• Roleplay• Experimentation• Collaboration– Synchronous vs. Asynchronous
• Personalized experience– Public vs. Private choices
• Optional
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Challenges from Science Museum Design
• Balance open play with directions
• Immediate apprehendability
• Connection of abstractions to real world
• Play spaces to engage instead of exhibits to observe
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Strategies for Meaningful Gamification
• Focus on information-based play elements–Optional (JP Dyson)– Improvisation/Exploration within
constraints–Play vs. Games– Example: Removing rewards from summer
reading programs
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Strategies for Meaningful Gamification
• Create transformative opportunities through participatory activities– Engagement on both intellectual and emotional
level– Facilitate play activities and reflection– Roleplay activities with consequences – Create and share content, goals with others– Example: Nike +, SCVNGR
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Strategies for Meaningful Gamification
• Thinking in three dimensions (Eberle)– How would the gamification system work in the
physical space?– Creating active play instead of passive observation– Using real-life metaphors– Creating rings of activities instead of lists– Create spaces for social engagement– Example: Online classroom
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
Summary
• Facilitate user making meaningful connections
• Focus on engaging play and games instead of rewards and points
• Reflection and sharing is as important as doing
• Create spaces for voluntary exploration
http://becauseplaymatters.com @snicholson
For More Information
Because Play Matters game lab
http://becauseplaymatters.com
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