strengths and naming of acids + bases what is a strong acid/base? what is a weak acid/base? naming...

Strengths and Naming of Acids + Bases

What is a strong acid/base?What is a weak acid/base?

Naming Acids + Bases

Strength depends on …

• how much acid/base ionizes in water• refers to how many particles actually dissociate

in water

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STRONG ACIDS

• Completely ionize in water

• HCl• H2SO4

WEAK ACIDS

• SLIGHTLY ionize in water

• Acetic Acid (vinegar) = HC2H3O2

STRONG BASES• dissociate into metal ions and hydroxide ions• NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3

WEAK BASES• React with water to form hydroxide and conjugate• NH3

NEUTRALIZATION REACTION

This is how pure salts are made in the lab setting.

Naming Bases• name of the first element plus hydroxide except

Ammonia (NH3)

Sodium Hydroxide - NaOHPotassium Hydroxide - KOHAmmonium Hydroxide - NH4OHCalcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH)2

Magnesium Hydroxide - Mg(OH)2

Barium Hydroxide - Ba(OH)2

Aluminum Hydroxide - Al(OH)3

Lithium Hydroxide - LiOH

Naming Acids • To Name Acids with Simple Anions:• The first part of the name uses the prefix hydro. • This is followed by a the name of the simple

anion, which is shortened and - ic added – for example: chlorine (Cl-) would become chloric

• The last part of the name is the word acid

Hydrofluoric Acid - HFHydrochloric Acid - HClHydrobromic Acid - HBrHydroiodic Acid - HIHydrosulfuric Acid - H2S

Naming Acids• To Name Acids with polyatomic

anions:• The first part of the name is the

name of the anion which is shortened.

• One of two suffixes added to this name. – ic if the anion name ends in – ate– ous if the anion name ends in – ite

• The last part of the name is acid

Nitric Acid - HNO3Nitrous Acid - HNO2Sulfuric Acid - H2SO4Sulfurous Acid - H2SO3

Phosphoric Acid - H3PO4Phosphorous Acid - H3PO3

Carbonic Acid - H2CO3Acetic Acid - HC2H3O2

Writing Acid Formulas• Determine the anion present from the name. – Since the compound is an acid the cation ( positive ion ) is

H + – Write down the formulas of the two ions. Make the value

of the charge on the negative ion the subscript on the hydrogen ion

• Example: Sulfuric Acid• sulfuric ------> sulfate --------> SO4 2- • acid -------> hydrogen --------> H +1 • PUT TOGETHER and CRISS CROSS Formula --->

H2SO4