structure n function of plant

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Structure

and

Function

Of Plant Anatomy

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Plant Tissue

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Meristematic tissue

Permanent Tissue

Dermal tissue

Vascular tissue

Ground tissue

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Meristematic tissue has several characteristics those

are:

Its cells have thin wall

Its shape and size of cell are equal

Its relatively rich of protoplasm

The content of its cells does not contain crystaland food reservation.

Commonly it has very small cell cavity.

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The dermal tissue or epidermis, is generally a

single layer of tightly packed cells that covers

and protects all young parts of the plant. The epidermis has other specialized

characteristics consistent with the function of the

organ it covers. Another function is to protect of 

mechanical destruction, keep tissue temperature

for not too high, and prevent the excessive

vaporization.

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Vascular tissue, continuous throughout the plant,is involved in the transport of materials betweenroots and shoots.

Vascular tissue is divided into 2 kinds

› Xylem

Xylem conveys water and dissolved minerals upwardfrom roots into the shoots.

›

PhloemPhloem transports food made in mature leaves to theroots and to non-photosynthetic parts of the shootsystem.

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Ground tissue is tissue that is neither dermal

tissue nor vascular tissue.

There are three kinds of ground tissue : Collenchyma, Parenchyma, and Sclerenchyma

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Parenchyma tissue can be

found mainly in the stem skin,root skin, leaf meat, fruit meat

and endosperm.

Parenchyma tissue is

composed of living cells thatshape, size, or its physiological

function are different. But cells

do not much undergo

specialization. Parenchyma cell also has

function to store water,

synthesize, and store food

reservation substance.

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Cells that compose this tissue are living cells with activeprotoplasm. Its cell wall can undergo thickening by

cellulose. Shape of parenchyma cells are enlengthen, happen

non uniform thickening of cell wall, and has plastic property.

Function of collenchyma tissue is to strengthen the standing

of plant.

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Schlerenchim Tissue

is strengthener tissue

that is thickened by

lygnin so this tissue isvery trong.

This tissue is

separated into twokinds, those are

schlereid and fiber.

SCLERIDS

FIBERS

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Plant Organs

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An organ consists of several types of tissues that

together carry out particular functions

The organs of plant body consist of root, stem,leaf, flower, fruit, and seed.

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A root system

consist of rootsand shoot

system consist

of stems and

leaves.

Meanwhile the

flower, fruit,

and seed are

additional body

organs in plant.

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A root is a multicellular organ that anchors a

vascular plant in the soil, absorbs minerals

and water, and often stores carbohydratesMorphologically, root is composed of root

hairs and root cap, while anatomically root is

composed of epidermis, cortex, endodermisand central core.

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( D )

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Absorbing water and mineral salt

Sticking and supporting body

As storage of food reservation

Helping respiration

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A stem is an organ consisting of an alternating

system of nodes, the points at which leaves

are attached, and internodes, the stemsegments between nodes.

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Stem anatomy (external)

• Node 

• Internode 

• Axil 

• Axillary bud 

• Terminal bud 

• Bud scale 

 – Modified leaf to

protect apical

meristem

• Terminal bud 

scar

• Leaf scar  

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Stem has main function to distribute water

and mineral salt from root to leaves and

distributing food substances of photosynthesisproducts from leaves to entire parts of plant.

Besides, stem also has function as the place of 

sticking of leaves, flower and seed.

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In most vascular plants, the leaf is the main

photosynthetic organ, although green stems

also perform photosynthesis. Leaves varyextensively in form but generally consist of a

flattened blade and a stalk, the petiole, which

 joins the leaf to the stem at a node

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Opposite - two leaves (a pair) attached per node,

usually opposite each other

Alternate – one leaf attached per node, usuallystagered (spiral) along stem

Whorled - three or more leaves attached per

node, usually equally spaced arround the node.

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The place of Photosynthesis

The place of gaseous exchange

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Flower is additional organ in plant. Flower is

not always found in plant means several

plants have no flowers.

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The main function of flower is as generative

reproduction organ. Besides as generative

reproduction organ, flower also has functionas plant ornament jewelry.

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Seed is additional organ in plant. Eventhough,

the seed is main reproduction organ for seed

plant because inside that seed is foundforthcoming of the new individual. The shape of 

seed is various, some have shapes of round, long,

oval, and so on.

Seed is divided into 3 main parts, those are seed

skin, endosperm, and embryo.

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Dicot

Monocot

Seed coat

Epicotyl

Cotyledons

Hypocotyl

Seed coatEndosperm

Epicotyl

Hypocotyl

RadicleCotyledon

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Fruit is not main organ in plant. Based on its formation, fruit is divided into two kind,

those are true fruit and false fruit. The Structure of Fruit Fruit is composed of seed, fruit meat, and fruit skin. Fruit skin is separated into three layers, those are

epicarp that is hard, mesocarp of thick and has meator fibrous, endocarp of thin layer or hard cell layer.

The Function of Fruit Fruit that inside is found seed has function as plant

embryo.

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