submitted to dr. abul l huq course : ceg 433 , summer 2010

Submitted to Dr. Abul L Huq Course : CEG 433 , summer 2010

Optical Computing A Presentation on CSE 532/ CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture

M . Rubaiyat Bin Sattarranganbd@gmail.com14/9/2010

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Introduction

• General meaning of the optical computing is the light computing. → Laser beam instead of electric current.

all internal circuits uses light instead of electricity.

Optical computing was the hot research topic in 1980’s but for the limitation of materials it was not implemented. Engineers are still trying to implement a complete optical computer .Today's Optical computer known as Electro-optical-hybrid computer in which data is received by electron and transferred by Optics .

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Background of optical computer

Albert Einstein says : speed of light is 3*10^8 per second which is about 186,000 miles per second. So if we can make a computer with light it will be faster than anyone can ever think of.

→ Prism and lens (1st idea )Limitation :distortion of light

→ GaAs VLSI technology and same time silicon photonic (Significant change )

Now An Optical Computer also called a photonic computer.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics--> Wave Optics

--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals --> Lens as Phase Transformation

--> Coherency --> Fourier Optics

•Wave optics attempts to explain light as wave phenomena means wave format. Speed-of-light, 3108 km / sec. v = = c

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics--> Wave Optics

--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals --> Lens as Phase Transformation

--> Coherency --> Fourier Optics

• Manipulation of information carried by electromagnetic waves•The basic operation is the double Fourier transformations.

In the below picture green laser for writing the hologram of the input array and a red laser for reading-processing.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics--> Wave Optics

--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals --> Lens as Phase Transformation

--> Coherency --> Fourier Optics

• Study of classical optics using Fourier Transforms.[a] 1D-2D Fourier transform[b] Correlation, Convolution[c] Storing complex function in film [d] Phase hologram

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics--> Wave Optics

--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals --> Lens as Phase Transformation

--> Coherency --> Fourier Optics

• A thin lens acts as a phase transformation if(i) a ray entering at coordinates (x, y) (ii) same coordinates on the opposite face.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics--> Wave Optics

--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals --> Lens as Phase Transformation

--> Coherency --> Fourier Optics

•The term anisotropy refers to a non-uniform spatial distribution, which result different value from several direction within same material•It can pass through at a single velocity.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface--> VCSEL--> SLMs--> Integrated Optics

i) WDMii) Spectrum

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser :• semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer.

VCSEL device structure and diagram

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface--> VCSEL--> SLMs--> Integrated Optics

i) WDMii) Spectrum

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser :• semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer.

Wafer Surface

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface--> VCSEL--> SLMs--> Integrated Optics

i) WDMii) Spectrum

VCSEL

• VCSEL convert electric singal to optical when pass through pair of lenses .• Micro-mirrors are used to direct the light beam•Photodiode convert the optical signal back to the electrical signal

How VSCEL and Photodiode used for interconnection in circuit board:

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface--> VCSEL--> SLMs--> Integrated Optics

i) WDMii) Spectrum

•A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an object that imposes some form of spatially-varying modulation on a beam of light. →Basically it is used for display purpose.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface--> VCSEL--> SLMs--> Integrated Optics

i) WDMii) Spectrum

WDM (WAVELENGTH DIVISION ULTIPLEXING) :• is a method of sending many different wavelengths . It can transmit at 10 gigabits per second through the same fiber at the same time.

Separating a beam of light into its colors

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface--> VCSEL--> SLMs--> Integrated Optics

i) WDMii) Spectrum

Applications to Spectrum Analysis and Filtering • Spectrum can be calculated from the result of a wavelet transform. This high pass filter is calculated as the quadrature mirror of the low pass filter for analysis with orthogonal wavelets.

A wavelet is a wave-like oscillation with an amplitude.Quadrature mirror filter split a input signal into two band

→The role of smart pixel technology and nonlinear material in optical computing has become extremely significant

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

DeMorgan’s Law Three most basic hardware components . They are > Source, a modulator, and a detector.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

DeMorgan’s Law

Two set of input gate /Two words

Acoustic optic cell means sound or the sense of hearing (Like in a musical instrument)

ELECTROD

function as OR gate

DeMorgans law the output of the inverter <AND>

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

Shannon’s Law

The control logic architecture

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

Shannon’s Law

CONTROL LOGIC

Transducers

AND OP

OR OP

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

Shannon’s Law

AND function represent by following way :f1=x1x2x3….xnf(1,1,1,…1)f2= 1x2x3…xnf(0,1,1……1)x̄�f3=x1 2x3…xnf(1,0,1…..1)x̄�f4= 1 2x3….xnf(0,0,1…..1)x̄� x̄�.............................................Fk= 1 2 3……. f(0,0,…..0)x̄� x̄� x̄� x̄�n̄�

OR’ed and Boolean summed is –Y(x1,x2,x3….xn)=f1+f2+f3…fk [ where K=2^N functional ]

AND

OR

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

Parallelism

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

Parallelism

DL = 1

All control matrices recorded in the hologram

DANE (detection ,amplification , negation and emissionCylindrical lens placed between DANE and output detector array represent most primitive parallel method

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

2D InterConnect

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic Gates

2D InterConnect

Two dimensional input data arraytwo dimensional control operate array

Second operate Array

2 Detector Plane

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer ArchitectureDeMorgan’s Law

Shannon’s Law

Parallelism

2D InterConnect

Logic GatesLogic Gates

Ultra-fast All-Optical LOGIC GATES for optical computing

Green pulsed Nd:YAG input laser was used together with a red continuous wave (cw) He-Ne beam.

He-Ne laser is the most widely used laser with continuous power

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Structure of an Optical Computer

•1A,1B,3A,3B,5A,5B,7A,7B , 9A,9B are quadrangular prism provided to redirect pass respective orthogonal light beams in single direction.

•Thin Film element 2,4,6,8 respectively provided between blocks 1 and 3, between 3 &5, between 5 & 7 and between 7& 9

•Uniform Transfer light beams are 11, 12 13 and 14 from respective light source I, II,III and IV

•21,22,23,24,25,26,27 & 28 denote excitation light beams. These light beam Irradiate onto the respective prism through prism surface.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Holographic Memory

→Holographic data storage is a potential replacement technology in the area of high-capacity data storage.

→ In a holographic memory device, a laser beam is split in two, and the two resulting beams interact in a crystal medium to store a holographic recreation of a page of data.

→ 1 terabyte (TB) of data in a sugar-cube-sized crystal.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Development Boom Worldwide• Photonics development is booming worldwide

•significant milestone and information between brain on chip with the process of light instead of electrical signal.

•Using light instead of wires to send information between the cores can be as much as 100 times faster

• This technology has the power to invent today’s super computer

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computing : Next Generation•Entirely optical computers will be invented in future .

•We will see light without logic .Optical devices will take place inside computers. NASA Scientist are working for that .

•Optical computer networking will introduced in future .

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computing : Next Generation

Scientist discovered an inch-long Amazonian beetle could hold the key to next-generation optical computer chips. They found significant path for making today’s light computer after researching on naturally possessed of a molecular arrangement.

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Conclusion

Optics has been used in computing for a number of years but for the limitation of materials we have been seeing Electro-optical-hybrid .Optical technology applied in today’s CD-Rom driver and their relatives, laser printer, scanner and in mouse. It is not so far when we will see total optical computer .

The smart pixel technology , rapid progress in silicon photonic , GaAs VLSI technique and faster design in algorithm will bring the new generation Super optical Computer .

A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

MemoryStructure Development Next Generation Conclusion

Thank You