subphylum uniramia class insecta - marietta college

Dave McShaffreyBiology Department

Marietta CollegeFall, 2002

Subphylum UniramiaClass Insecta

IV. Orders Diptera, Trichoptera, Siphonaptera, and Hymenoptera

Order Diptera Flies

• dip’ ter-a Gr. dis, two + pteron, wing• indirect development• small to large• membranous forewings, hindwings reduced to

halteres • sucking, sponging, lapping or vestigial

mouthparts• larvae (maggots) are legless • all habitats and feeding modes• 120,000 species

Chironomidae

Midge

Chironomidae

Midge

Chironomidae

Midge

Stratiomyidae

Soldier Fly

Stratiomyidae

Soldier Fly

Simuliidae

Black Fly

Simuliidae

Black Fly

Simuliidae

Black Fly

Culicidae - Aedes triseriatus

Mosquito

Culicidae - Aedes triseriatus

Mosquito

Culicidae - Aedes triseriatus

Mosquito

Culicidae

Mosquito

Tipulidae

Crane Fly

Tipulidae

Crane Fly

Tipulidae

Crane Fly

Tipulidae

Crane Fly

Dolichopodidae

Long-legged Fly

Tabanidae

Horse Fly

Syrphidae

Rat-tailed Maggot

Syrphidae

Hover Fly

Syrphidae

Hover Fly

BombyliidaeBee Fly

Asilidae

Robber Fly

Asilidae

Robber Fly

Asilidae

Robber Fly

Asilidae

Robber Fly

Asilidae

Robber Fly

Drosophilidae

Pomace Fly

Drosophilidae

Pomace Fly

Calliphoridae

Blow-Fly Maggots

Calliphoridae

Blow-Fly

SarcophagidaeFlesh Fly

Sarcophagidae

Flesh Fly

Order Trichoptera Caddisflies

• Try-kop’ ter-a Gr. trichos, hair + pteron, wing• indirect development• small to medium size• membranous wings with hairs, wings held

tentlike over body

Order Trichoptera (cont.)Caddisflies

• larvae aquatic and caterpillar-like, many building portable cases of stones or twigs, others constructing fixed retreats or free-living

• larvae aquatic, herbivores, detritivores, carnivores

• 7,000 species

Hydropsychidae - Macrostemmum zebratum

Zebra Caddisfly

Hydropsychidae - Macrostemmum zebratum

Zebra Caddisfly Larva

Hydropsychidae

Caddisfly

Hydropsychidae

Caddisfly

Hydroptilidae

Purse-Case Making Caddisfly

Helicopsychidae

Snail-case Making Caddisfly

Caddisfly

Order Siphonaptera Fleas

• Sigh-fon-ap’ ter-a Gr. siphon, siphon + apteron, wingless

• indirect development• small• wingless (duh!) laterally compressed, saltatorial

legs • adults ectoparastic on birds, mammals • larvae maggot-like, detritivorous• 2,300 species

Archaeopsyllidae- Ctenocephalis canis

Dog Flea

Diamanus montanus

Squirrel Flea

Order Hymenoptera Ants, Bees, Wasps

• High-men op’ ter-a Gr. hymen, membrane + pteron, wing

• indirect development• very small to large• membranous wings (duh!), biting/lapping

mouthparts, ovipositor• larvae legless, maggot-like

Order Hymenoptera (cont.)Ants, Bees, Wasps

• Hymenoptera are mostly terrestrial– sawflies - herbivorous, solitary– ants - herbivorous or carnivorous, social– bees - solitary or social, nectar and pollen

feeders– wasps - solitary or social, predatory or

parasitoid• 108,000+ species

Formicidae

Ant

Formicidae

Ant

Formicidae

Ant

Formicidae

Ant

Pelecinidae - Pelecinus polyturator

Pelecinid Wasp

Sphecidae - Crossocerus sp.

Square-headed Wasp

Sphecidae - Sphecius speciosus

Cicada Killer

Sphecidae - Bembix americana

Sand Wasp

Vespidae - Vespa crabo

Giant Hornet

Vespidae - Vespa crabo

Giant Hornet

Ichneumonidae

Ichneumonid Wasp

Ichneumonidae - Dolichometus sp.

Ichneumonid Wasp

Ichneumonidae - Dolichometus sp.

Ichneumonid Wasp

Halictidae

Metallic Bee

Apidae Bumble Bee

Apidae Bumble Bee

Anthophoridae - Xylocopa sp.

Carpenter Bee

Apidae - Apis mellifera

Honey Bee

Vespidae

Yellowjacket - Vespula sp.

Vespidae - Dolichovespula maculata

Bald-faced Hornet

Vespidae - Dolichovespula maculata

Bald-faced Hornet

Vespidae - Polistes dominulus

European Paper Wasp

Vespidae - Polistes dominulus

European Paper Wasp

Vespidae - Polistes sp.

Paper Wasp

Vespidae - Polistes sp.

Paper Wasp

Adult

Larva

Pupa

Death from Within:

The Tail of the Horntail and the Wasp

Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae

Catalpa Hornworm

Eggs + 1rst instar larvae

Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae

Catalpa Hornworm

Eggs + 1rst instar larvae

Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae

Catalpa Hornworm

3rd or 4th instar larvae

Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae

Catalpa Hornworm

White phase larvae

Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae

Catalpa Hornworm

Larva with pupal cocoons of Cotesia congregata (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)

Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae

Cotesia congregata larva has just emerged and is spinning cocoon.

Cotesia congregata larvaein 3 stages of development - emergence, initial spinning, completed cocoon.

Cotesia congregata cocoons after adult eclosion.

Cotesia congregata adult after eclosion.

Braconidae - Cotesia congregata

Cotesia congregata adults and pupal cocoon.

Braconidae - Cotesia congregata

Cotesia congregata adults.

The End.

Chapter 20

Integrated Principlesof Zoology

Eleventh Edition

Hickman/Roberts/Larson(c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.