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WFS
Umbilical-less Radio Telemetry for Subsea Wells
1
SubSea Technology, London13th December2007
Agenda
• About WFS
• RF propagation in seawater
• Trials and Installations
• Applications• Applications
• Summary
2
About WFS
• Founded 2003– Custom comms products
– Military data links
• From late 04– Underwater RF products
& technology Data link for Typhoon (Eurofighter)
3
& technology
– 25 patent applications in UK & US
– First product launch Sept 06
– World’s only supplier
– Emerging global industry
World’s first underwater RF modem
About WFS• Products
– S1510 low bandwidth modem
– S5510 broadband modem
– RAM300 Radio Acoustic Modem
• Customers in
– Homeland Security & DefenceRadio Acoustic Modem
4
– Oil and Gas
– Environmental industries
• Awards:
– Top UK MoD Innovation Award
– Dti Award: Oil and Gas Applications
– MoD CoI: U/water RF Fence
• Experienced hi tech management team
• Privately owned
Radio Acoustic Modem
RAM 300
S1510 RF Modem
About WFS - Dti Technology Programme
• £1.1m, 2 year programme
• Commenced Jan 07
• Partners: – WFS (lead),
– Tritech Ltd (Halma plc),
– Insensys Oil & Gas Ltd (Schlumberger)
5
– Insensys Oil & Gas Ltd (Schlumberger)
• 5 product developments– Dual technology RF/Acoustic modem
• Launched Sept 07
– Broadband data transfer from seismic datalogger
– Wireless connector (data+power)
– AUV docking solution (data+power)
– Pipeline & riser monitoring
RF Propagation in Seawater
• Investigated extensively by radio pioneers
– Research peaked 1950s-60s
– US & Russian ELF submarine communications @ 80 Hz.
– Most recent DoD programs stopped
6
– Most recent DoD programs stopped late 90s
• Technology developments:
– Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
– antenna
• Market need:
– Deployment of unmanned vehicles
– Littoral telemetry/networks
– Underground communications
Morse
RF Propagation in Seawater
• Propagation inversely proportional to conductivity
• Difficulty– Hi: Seawater
– Med:
7
– Med: • Soil, fresh water
• Ice & snow
– Lo: Air
RF Propagation in Seawater- Propagation velocity
Free space
• RF propagation velocity x15 acoustic @ 1Khz
– Low latency
– Real time control and networking8
Acoustic
RF Propagation in Seawater- Attenuation variation with frequency
Atte
nuatio
n in
dB/m
etre
1.0 S/m
0.1 S/m
0.01 S/m
10.0 S/m 4.0 S/m, Sea Water
• Attenuation increases with frequency
• @ 1Khz attenuation in seawater approx 1dB/m
• Wavelength: 300km in air; 10m in seawater9
Atte
nuatio
n in
dB/m
etre
0.001 S/m
0.0001 S/m Fresh Water
Frequency in Hz
RF Propagation in a Shallow Water
10
• Trade-off between Distance & Data Rate
• Signal follows path of least resistance:
– air or seabed paths extend range
• RF signal emerging from the water/air interface tracks along the water surface
RF Propagation in Seawater- Predicted data rates and ranges
Range <1m 10m 50m 200m 2km 10km
RF in
Seawater
Up to
100mbps
100kbps 5kbps 100bps 10bps <1bps
Applications -AUV
docking
- Wireless
connectors
- ROV
comms with
Subsea
Controllers
-Wellhead
networks
- diver
comms
-telemetry
-AUV
control
-Navigation
- seabed
telemetry
- Seabed
telemetry
11
connectors Controllers
- ROV /AUV
data d/load
from sensor
networks
comms -Navigation
beacons
• Assumes
- use of seabed path where distances >100m
- dispersion compensation techniques
RF Propagation in Seawater• Pros
– Crosses boundaries
• Water - air
• water-seabed
• water-ice-air
• Ground - air
– Does not need line-of-sight
– Immune to fouling, acoustic noise,
• Cons– Range: attenuation in
seawater
– Susceptible to magnetic field interference
– High water/air boundary loss if crosses in far field
– Antenna efficiency decreases at low frequency systems
– Limited design and operational experience
12
– Immune to fouling, acoustic noise, aerated water & high turbidity
– Unaffected by multipath effects
– Compact and portable
– Low power consumption
– Low latency � networking
– No known affect on marine life
– Deployment flexibility
– Covert
operational experience
Trials and Installations- Environmental Monitoring
• Monitoring
– Pollution (Ysi)
– Current (Valeport)
– RDCP (Aanderas)
• Harbours• Harbours
• Littoral waters
• Mud flats
13
YSI Environmental 6600multi-
parameter Sonde
Trials and Installations- World’s first U/Water to UAV Demo
• DSEI, Docklands, Sept 07
• RF transmitter located at
seabed (12m)
• Snr eng, BP CTO
participatedparticipated
• Message received via RF Rx
on UAV, displayed on LED
panel
• 5 demos over 3 days:
– audience > 600
• Part funded by MoD
14
Trials and Installations - Test Tank, QinetiQ, UK
• World’s largest test
tank
• Real time control
of AUVs and
model submarinesmodel submarines
• Benefits
– Increased control
over experiments
– Reduced trials
times
– Reduced costs
15
Trials and Installations - Broadband Comms, MARIN, Nl
• 100kbps RF comms to transfer data from AUVs to
above water control tower
• Wave generators make EMI noisy environment
• Installation 1Q08
16
Broadband Data Link S5510-2 Marin’s Seakeeping and Manoeuvring
Applications- Shallow water Wireless Umbilical
1 .106
1 .105
1 .104
1 .103
H fo σ, Rp, 10,( )
H fo σ, Rp, 20,( )
H fo σ, Rp, 30,( )
H fo σ, Rp, 40,( )
Magnetic Field strength in A/m versus total path distance in m.
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• We have calculations to support claims of,
– 500bits/sec. for 20m through sea (4S/m) and 10km in air.
• Ongoing related applied research funded via MoD & DoD
• Retrofit telemetry to ageing coastal wellheads
• ITF application to fund trials
100 1 .103
1 .104
1 .108
1 .107
1 .10
4.7 107−
⋅
Rp
Applications- (a) Deep water Wireless Umbilicals
• Rapidly deployable wireless
telemetry link– acoustic for longer distance drops
– RF at surface to avoid need for – RF at surface to avoid need for
acoustic repeater
• Retrofit using ROVs
• Back-up to existing telemetry
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Acoustic link, shown in blue for long distance,
single hop communications. Short distance
links and through water/ air boundary done by
RF, shown in red.
Applications- (b) Deep water Wireless Umbilicals
• Hybrid Acoustic/RF networks• Hybrid Acoustic/RF networks
• RF repeater on each pipe
section
• Acoustic repeater every 500m
• Resilient:
– RF & acoustic have
independent modes of failure
• VIV monitoring
• Umbilical back-up
• Consortium proposal to GOM
operator19
Applications- Pipeline Monitoring
• Daisy chain low
b/width comms
between sensors
• Broadband data uplink • Broadband data uplink
to ROV or AUV
• Low b/width up link to
ship or UAV
• Brown field
deployment
• Joint project with
Insensys O&G20
Applications- Data collection from Shallow Water Sites
• Use UAVs to collect shallow water data or to
implement real time control
• Funded sea trial 1Q0821
Applications- Wireless Data / Data + Power Connector
• Sealed system � increased reliability
• Target performance– Data:
• 10Mbits/sec @ 0.5 m
• 100kbps @ 10m
– Power• 100W @ <10cm (long term 10kW)
• Applications:
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• Applications:– Wellhead template networking
– ROV/AUV: 4D Seismic datalogger data collection
– ROV: commissioning & trouble-shooting
– AUV: docking stations at seabed
� Long term AUV deployment
• TSB application: Shell, Fugro and MAN Turbo
Wireless Connectors
RF Sensing- U/Water Asset Protection RF Fence
• MoD Competition of Ideas
winner
• Object detection using EM
techniques.
• 18 month study, began Aug 07
Protec
ted
Asset
D
E B
C
• 18 month study, began Aug 07
• High value asset protection:– Vessels in port
– Offshore rigs
– FPSOs
• Demonstrate in laboratory and
salt-water tank 1Q09.
23
A
Summary
• WFS is UK based hi tech global
leader
• Subsea RF coming of age
• Enabling technology for cost
reduction & accessing deeper
waters:
– Wireless umbilicals
– Pipeline monitoring
– 4D seismic data logger
– Wellhead networks
– ROV & AUV wireless comms
comms + power
• Environmentally friendly
24
MoD Top Innovation Award
RAM300 Sea Trials, 2007
UK Restricted
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