substance abuse and dependency issues pp
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Substance Abuse and Dependency Issues
Substance Abuse and Dependency Issues
An overview of adolescent substance abuse and dependency issues
What is Substance Abuse?
• Definition– a pattern of harmful use of any substance for
mood-altering purposes.
History of Substance Abuse
• Controlled Substance Act of 1970
• Resurfaces in the 1980’s
• Amphetamines developed in the late 1800’s
• Over the counter medication in the 1930’s
History of Substance Abuse
• The use of substances continued to growth with substance abuse.
• WWII
• Korean War
• Truckers
• Homemakers
• College Students
• bikers
Alcohol
• One of the easiest and most popular substances for adolescent youth to obtain
History of Alcohol
• Ancient Greeks and Egyptians
• Brought to America by early European Settlers
• Temperance movement-1919 to 1933
History of Alcohol CONT’D
• Most widely used drug in the world
• Nearly half of all Americans over the age of 12 are consumers of alcohol.
What is Alcohol?
• Ethanol or ethyl alcohol
• CNS depressant
• Anesthetic
Effects of Alcohol
• Euphoria• Irritability• Loss of physical
coordination• Unsteady gait and
balance• Impaired judgment
• Slurred or incoherent speech
• Loss of consciousness• Slowed thinking• Depression• Impaired short term
memory• Blackouts
Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal
• Tremors
• Agitation
• Anxiety and Panic
• Paranoia and delusions
• Hallucinations
• Confusion
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased body temperature
Additional Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal
• Elevated blood pressure and heart rate
• Seizures
Dangers of Alcohol Abuse
• Neurological
• Cardiological
• Respiratory
• Liver
• Effects on the fetus
Alcohol and Adolescents
• Adolescents who begin drinking before the age of 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence the than those who began at the age of 21.
• First drink of alcohol– 11 years old (boys)– 13 years old (girls)
Alcohol and Adolescents• Easy to obtain
• Most are binge drinkers
• Alcohol affects the development of the hippocampus and limbic system
• Increase risk of sexual behavior
• Increase risk of impulsive behavior
• Alcohol related automobile accidents(leading cause of death among 15-24year olds)
Alcohol and Adolescents
• As of May 6, 2002, it is a Third Degree Felony for any person to knowingly or intentionally cause or permit a child or elderly adult to be exposed to, to ingest or inhale, or have contact with a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia.
Marijuana
• Pot
• Grass
• Reefer
• Weed
• Herb
• Mary Jane
• Bud
Some facts about Marijuana
• 50% of 12th graders have tried marijuana
• Most common illicit drug
• Number one choice of adolescents in treatment in Utah
• Five more times potent than in the 70’s
Detection Period
• Causal use (four “joints” per week):– 5-7days
• Daily Use:– 10-15 days
• Chronic, heavy use:– 1-2 months
Acute Effects
• Effects begin immediately if smoked
• Last 1-3 hours• If consumed in food or
drink, effects begin in ½ to one hour
• Lasts as long as 4 hours
• Heart rate increases (20 to 50 beats more)
• Blood Vessels in eyes expand(making eyes look red)
• Feelings of euphoria
Acute Effects
• Hallucinogen• Sounds or colors may
seem more intense• Time appears to pass
slowly• Mouth feels dry• Hunger and thirst• Hands may tremble
• Disrupts coordination• Impairs ability to form
memories• Impairs ability to shift
attention• Impairs reaction time
Physical Health
• Impairs memory and learning skills (even after intoxication)
• Respiratory and lung problems:– Chronic cough– Bronchitis – Emphysema
Physical Health
• Cancer– Head – Neck– Lungs
Withdrawal
• Sleep difficulty
• Craving
• Aggression
• Irritability
• Headaches
• Depression
• Restlessness
Social Effects
• Lower grades
• Less likely to graduate
• Lower test scores
• Lower problem solving ability
• Lower emotional skills
Is Marijuana Addictive?
• In some people
• Can interfere with:– Family – School– Work– Recreational activities
AND BY THE WAY………IT’S ILLEGAL!
Other Substances less used by Adolescents
• Narcotics
• Opiods
• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
Treatment
• Provide evidenced based treatment (e.g. motivational interviewing, coping and social skills training, etc.)
• Expect a lapse or relapse as a part of recovery
Treatment
• Explore ways to reduce access to drugs
• Ask your therapist for additional help on educating teens on craving and urges.
• Positive reinforcement for abstinence or partial abstinence
• Be redundant
Never underestimate the power of simply
engaging someone who is in treatment
RESOURCES
• Utah Division of Substance Abuse
• Salt Lake County Division of Substance Abuse
• Edward G. Callister Foundation
• National Institute of Drug Abuse
• National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug information
Resources
• American academy of child and adolescent psychiatry
• Kelly J. Lundberg, Ph.D Utah Addiction Center, University of Utah
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