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Super Critical Fluid Technology

forParticle Engineering

Dr. Dhaivat C. Parikh

Asst. Professor, Dept. of Pharmaceutics

Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

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Super Critical Fluid

SCF - Wikipedia

A supercritical fluid (SCF) is any substance at atemperature and pressure above its criticalpoint, where distinct liquid and gas phases donot exist.

It can effuse through solids like a gas, and dissolve materialslike a liquid. In addition, close to the critical point, smallchanges in pressure or temperature result in large changes indensity, allowing many properties of a supercritical fluid tobe "fine-tuned".

Super Critical Fluid

Publications

Solvents for SCF with Properties

Why CO2 as SCF

RESS

Rapid Expansion of SCF Solution

Material is Solubilized in SCF & then Sprayed

RESS (SCF Nucleation Process)

RESS – SC (Solid Co-solvent)

Solid Co-solvent like Menthol is Mixed with SCF

Prevent Agglomeration

Later on, Remove Menthol Crystals by Vacuum Drying

PGSS

Particles from Gas Saturated Solution/Suspension

CPCSP (Modified PGSS)

Continuous Powder Coating Spraying Process

GAS & SAS

Gas Anti-Solvent & SCF Anti Solvent

SCF act as Anti-Solvent

Material has Poor Solubility in SCF

SCF enters in Solution of Material

GAS & SAS

Either SCF enters in Solution

Or SCF & Solution are Sprayed together

ASES

Aerosol Solvent Extraction System

Similar to GAS / SAS

The dissolution of the SCF into the liquid droplets with large volume expansion

Reduction in the liquid solvent power, causing a sharp rise in the supersaturation within the liquid mixture

Formation of small and uniform particles.

SEDS

Solution Enhanced Dispersion by SCF

Three Feeds Organic Solvent

Aqueous Solvent SCF

The basic principle is based ondispersing an aqueous solution, which contains the biomaterials, with SCF and a polar organic solvent in a three-channeled coaxial nozzle.

SCF is used to extract the aqueousphase from the product.

The organic solvent acts both asprecipitating agent and as modifier, enabling the non-polar CO2 to remove the water.

CPF

Concentrated Powder Form

Other Advancements

CAN BD - Carbon dioxide Assisted Nebulization with a Bubble Dryer

UNICARB

PLUSS

SFT-CD

VAMP

PCA – Particles by Compressed Anti-Solvent

RESOLV

RESAS

DELOS - Depressurization of an expanded liquid organic solution

ASAIS - Atomization of supercritical antisolvent induced suspension

Summary

Session Openfor

Discussion