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SURVEY ON FINANCING AND GROWTH OF
SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
2017
Data Tables
NOVEMBER 2018Released on November 22, 2018
Revised on March 21, 2019
Produced by
Statistics Canada
In collaboration with
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Small Business Branch
Research and Analysis Directorate
Quality code
A - Excellent
B - Good
C - Average
D - Mediocre
E - Poor, use with caution
F - Not reliable, do not use
Coefficient of variation
Up to 5%
5% up to 10%
10% up to 15%
15% up to 20%
20% up to 25%
25% or higher
Standard error - for percentages
Up to 2.5%
2.5% up to 5%
5% up to 7.5%
7.5% up to 10%
10% up to 12.5%
12.5% or higher
chris.johnston@canada.ca
(613) 862-8819
For further information about the concepts, methods of estimation used, or data quality of the estimates contained
in this report, please contact:
Please use the following to understand the quality of the estimates provided in the tables:
Chris Johnston
Survey estimates may also contain non-sampling error. Non-sampling errors are not related to sampling and may
occur for many reasons. Population coverage errors, differences in the interpretation of questions, incorrect
information from respondents, and mistakes in recording, coding and processing data are examples of non-
sampling errors. Non-response is an important source of nonsampling error.
Centre for Special Business Projects
Data accuracy
Weighting
Statistics Canada
Since all the Survey on Financing and Growth of SMEs estimates are based on sample results, they are subject to
sampling error. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) and the Standard Error (SE) are statistical measures of the
sampling error associated with a given estimate. The quality of the estimate increases as its CV or SE
decreases. For percentage estimates, the SE is the indicator of the sampling error, while for other values, the CV
is the indicator of the sampling error. The published tables show the sample estimates together with a letter value
rating the quality of the estimate based on the CV or SE, along with the actual CV or SE.
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
This document contains tabulations of estimates produced from the Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
Target population
These estimates were generated from the responses of enterprises that in 2017 employed between 1 and 499
employees and generated an annual gross revenue of $30,000 or more.
Sampling weights have been applied in compiling the estimates. That is, the individual enterprises in the sample
are weighted according to their representation in the target population.
Tourism industries include firms in a number of sectors, such as transportation, recreation and entertainment. It is
a re-grouping of Statistics Canada’s standard industry categories that is often used by Innovation, Science and
Economic Develpement Canada and other organizations. The methodology report lists NAICS codes included in
ICT.
Financing and leasing companies, subsidiaries, non-profit organisations, government offices, schools, hospitals
and other public sector organisations are not covered by this survey. Users should visit
http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=2941 - and consult - Definitions, data
sources and methods for more information.
Knowledge-Based industries (KBI) include firms in a number of technology sectors, such as telecommunications
carriers, video production, and computer services. It is a re-grouping of Statistics Canada’s standard industry
categories that is often used by Innovation, Science and Economic Develpement Canada and other organizations.
The methodology report lists NAICS codes included in KBI.
Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) industries include firms in a number of technology sectors,
such as production of communications equipment, semiconductors and other electronic component, software
publishers, and computer systems design. It excludes telecommunications services. It is a re-grouping of
Statistics Canada’s standard industry categories that is often used by Innovation, Science and Economic
Develpement Canada and other organizations. The methodology report lists NAICS codes included in ICT.
Data collection
The sample size for this survey was 17,323 entreprises. The estimates were generated from the responses
obtained from 9,115 SMEs. The response rate, as a percentage of in-scope businesses, is 59.7%. The survey
collection took place from February to May 2018.
Procurement includes enterprises that were identified by PSPC as having a federal government contract in the last
three years.
Social Enterprises include revenue-generating charities and non-profits with primarily social business objectives,
or for-profit enterprises that reinvest at least 10% their profits towards social objectives.
Table
1 Overall External Financing Request Rate and Reason for Not Seeking External Financing
2 Provider of Debt Financing
3 Debt Financing
4 Debt Financing by Instrument Type
5 Amount of Debt Financing Requested and Authorized
6 Debt Financing Terms and Conditions
7 Intended Use of Debt Financing
8 Reasons Given by Credit Provider for Turning Down Debt Financing Request
9 Lease Financing
10 Amount of Lease Financing Requested and Authorized
11 Intended Use of Lease Financing
12 Trade Credit Financing
13 Equity Financing
14 Government Financing
15 Business Age and Method of Possession of the Business
16 Sources of Financing Used to Start Up Business
17 Sources of Financing to Buy/Acquire Business
18 Average Yearly Growth in Sales/Revenues
19 Obstacles to Business Growth
20 Sales by Destinations
21 Exports (Percentage of Business That Export, Export Type and Export Destination)
22 Reasons for Not Exporting
23 Obstacles to Export
24 Intentions to Expand to New Markets
25 International Business Activity
26 Federal Government Procurement
27 Obstacles to Federal Government Procurement
28 Technology and Website Adoption
29 External Consultant
30 Primary Decision Maker Age, Place of Birth and Language
31 Ownership Characteristics
32 Primary Decision Maker Education and Experience
33 Succession Planning
34 Innovation Activities and Reason for Not Innovating
35 Intellectual Property Awareness
36 Intellectual Property
37 Social Enterprises - Mission
38 Social Enterprises - General Information
39 Social Enterprises - Donations and Sales
40 Weighted Enterprise Counts
% Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 47.1 A 0.8 52.9 A 0.8 91.1 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.2 1.9 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.4
1 to 4 employees 36.5 A 1.1 63.5 A 1.1 91.1 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.3 1.9 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.3 3.3 A 0.5
5 to 19 employees 58.3 A 1.4 41.7 A 1.4 90.8 A 1.3 1.4 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.2 3.7 A 0.9
20 to 99 employees 63.5 A 2.0 36.5 A 2.0 92.0 A 1.8 2.9 A 1.2 0.4 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.4 3.0 A 1.2
100 to 499 employees 67.4 B 3.6 32.6 B 3.6 86.4 C 7.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.3 A 0.8 0.1 A 0.1 0.6 A 0.4 11.7 C 7.3
Atlantic 55.7 A 2.3 44.3 A 2.3 88.6 B 2.6 2.0 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.7 5.1 A 2.3
Quebec 42.5 A 1.8 57.5 A 1.8 89.1 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.8 0.3 A 0.1 1.0 A 0.4 5.2 A 1.2
Ontario 48.1 A 1.2 51.9 A 1.2 90.3 A 1.1 1.3 A 0.3 3.1 A 0.7 1.0 A 0.3 1.4 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.6
Northern Ontario 49.0 B 2.9 51.0 B 2.9 83.9 B 3.7 7.7 B 2.9 2.2 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.3 A 0.8 5.0 A 2.0
Southern Ontario 48.1 A 1.3 51.9 A 1.3 90.7 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.3 3.2 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.3 1.4 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.7
Prairies 47.6 A 1.6 52.4 A 1.6 94.1 A 1.2 0.8 A 0.4 0.2 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.5
Manitoba 55.4 B 3.5 44.6 B 3.5 94.2 B 2.8 0.9 A 0.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.5 2.9 A 2.4 1.5 A 1.3
Saskatchewan 53.8 B 3.4 46.2 B 3.4 95.2 A 2.2 2.6 A 2.0 0.5 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0 1.0 A 0.7
Alberta 44.4 A 2.1 55.6 A 2.1 93.9 A 1.4 0.4 A 0.3 0.2 A 0.2 2.3 A 1.1 1.0 A 0.6 2.2 A 0.7
British Columbia and Territories 47.1 A 2.2 52.9 A 2.2 92.7 A 1.5 0.2 A 0.1 1.2 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.8 0.9 A 0.4 3.3 A 1.0
St. John's 42.3 D 9.4 57.7 D 9.4 74.3 E 11.3 5.2 B 5.0 3.7 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 3.9 B 3.8 13.0 E 10.7
Halifax 50.3 C 6.5 49.7 C 6.5 90.7 C 5.1 5.2 B 4.3 1.9 A 2.0 2.2 A 2.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.0
Quebec 33.6 C 5.7 66.4 C 5.7 84.3 C 6.9 0.8 A 0.8 5.5 C 5.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.9 A 0.6 8.5 C 5.0
Montreal 41.1 B 2.8 58.9 B 2.8 88.4 A 2.3 2.2 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.3 0.3 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.5 5.6 A 1.7
Ottawa-Gatineau 49.0 B 4.5 51.0 B 4.5 86.2 B 4.2 1.2 A 1.0 7.4 B 3.5 0.4 A 0.3 2.3 A 1.7 2.4 A 1.4
Toronto 46.9 A 2.1 53.1 A 2.1 91.1 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.3 3.4 A 1.3 0.6 A 0.3 1.6 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.0
Kingston 49.6 C 5.1 50.4 C 5.1 96.0 A 2.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.6 1.5 A 1.5 0.4 A 0.4 1.4 A 1.4
Hamilton 48.9 C 6.2 51.1 C 6.2 80.3 C 7.1 0.6 A 0.6 3.5 A 2.5 0.5 A 0.5 4.0 B 3.1 11.1 C 6.3
St. Catharines-Niagara 51.4 C 6.2 48.6 C 6.2 92.6 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.8 A 0.8 4.7 B 3.3 0.2 A 0.2 1.8 A 1.4
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 48.0 C 5.5 52.0 C 5.5 73.0 C 7.5 3.5 B 3.4 4.2 B 4.1 10.1 C 5.7 1.3 A 1.3 7.9 B 3.3
London 47.7 C 5.5 52.3 C 5.5 94.8 B 4.0 3.9 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.3 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0
Windsor 45.7 C 6.0 54.3 C 6.0 96.3 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 3.7 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 54.1 C 5.5 45.9 C 5.5 94.8 B 4.5 0.7 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.6 B 4.4
Winnipeg 53.5 B 4.6 46.5 B 4.6 93.8 B 3.6 1.3 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.7 4.1 B 3.4 0.1 A 0.1
Calgary 46.9 B 3.9 53.1 B 3.9 95.8 A 1.4 0.2 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.7 A 1.0 0.7 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.9
Edmonton 43.3 B 4.3 56.7 B 4.3 96.2 A 1.9 0.2 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 2.6 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.9 A 0.7
Vancouver 50.4 B 3.4 49.6 B 3.4 90.8 A 2.3 0.4 A 0.3 2.4 A 1.4 1.9 A 1.1 1.5 A 0.8 3.0 A 1.3
Victoria 46.3 D 8.3 53.7 D 8.3 94.7 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.3 B 4.5
56.9 A 2.5 43.1 A 2.5 94.7 A 1.4 0.2 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.7 0.3 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.5 2.8 A 1.0
55.0 A 2.3 45.0 A 2.3 90.1 A 2.1 0.7 A 0.4 3.4 A 1.4 1.1 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.4 4.0 A 1.5
61.3 A 2.2 38.7 A 2.2 89.4 A 2.2 1.5 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.6 3.4 A 1.3 0.4 A 0.4 3.9 A 1.4
58.6 A 2.2 41.4 A 2.2 88.5 B 2.5 2.5 A 1.3 1.5 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 2.0 A 0.8 5.5 A 1.9
55.5 A 2.4 44.5 A 2.4 85.7 B 2.6 2.0 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.6 1.2 A 0.6 2.6 A 0.9 7.3 A 2.1
47.4 B 2.6 52.6 B 2.6 89.7 B 2.5 0.6 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.9 4.5 A 1.9 1.2 A 0.9 2.8 A 1.2
31.1 A 1.9 68.9 A 1.9 92.5 A 1.6 0.4 A 0.3 3.8 A 1.3 0.4 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.7
44.4 A 2.4 55.6 A 2.4 90.6 A 1.7 4.0 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.3 0.4 A 0.3 3.0 A 1.0
51.2 A 2.4 48.8 A 2.4 88.7 A 2.3 2.6 A 1.2 2.5 A 1.3 1.3 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.7 3.1 A 1.2
36.7 A 2.1 63.3 A 2.1 93.7 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.6 1.0 A 0.5 3.2 A 0.9
Tourism 45.9 A 2.4 54.1 A 2.4 90.6 A 1.6 3.6 A 1.0 0.9 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.5 3.1 A 1.0
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
32.2 B 3.1 67.8 B 3.1 89.0 B 3.0 2.4 A 1.7 1.0 A 0.6 2.1 A 1.7 3.0 A 1.3 2.6 A 1.7
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 29.3 B 4.3 70.7 B 4.3 93.6 B 2.7 1.0 A 1.0 0.4 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.5 0.4 A 0.3 4.2 A 2.4
Rural 50.7 A 1.8 49.3 A 1.8 90.3 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.5 2.6 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.8 0.8 A 0.3 3.6 A 1.0
Urban 46.2 A 0.9 53.8 A 0.9 91.2 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.5
Exporter 57.5 A 2.3 42.5 A 2.3 91.1 A 1.9 0.6 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.5 4.1 A 1.4
Non-exporter 45.7 A 0.8 54.3 A 0.8 91.0 A 0.7 1.4 A 0.2 2.0 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.4
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 52.2 B 3.1 47.8 B 3.1 92.3 B 2.6 0.0 A 0.0 4.5 A 2.3 0.5 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.3 2.3 A 1.2
50.6 B 2.6 49.4 B 2.6 95.0 A 1.6 0.7 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.5 0.2 A 0.2 2.7 A 1.4
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 48.7 A 1.2 51.3 A 1.2 92.6 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.4 2.6 A 0.6
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 38.8 A 1.9 61.2 A 1.9 91.3 A 1.4 1.0 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.5 3.9 A 0.9
46.1 A 2.4 53.9 A 2.4 83.5 A 2.5 2.9 A 0.9 4.2 A 1.8 1.8 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.7 5.9 A 1.4
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 46.3 A 2.5 53.7 A 2.5 88.4 A 2.4 1.7 A 0.5 1.5 A 0.7 2.1 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.8 4.4 A 1.7
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 44.9 A 1.5 55.1 A 1.5 91.0 A 1.2 1.3 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.4 2.7 A 0.6
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 44.3 A 1.6 55.7 A 1.6 91.3 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.3 3.3 A 0.8
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 52.0 A 1.4 48.0 A 1.4 91.7 A 1.1 0.8 A 0.3 1.4 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.9
57.9 A 1.9 42.1 A 1.9 89.7 A 1.8 1.1 A 0.4 3.2 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.2 5.0 A 1.4
58.6 A 2.2 41.4 A 2.2 92.4 A 1.6 1.0 A 0.5 3.3 A 1.1 0.7 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.3 1.8 A 0.9
62.8 A 2.2 37.2 A 2.2 89.5 A 2.0 2.5 A 1.0 3.5 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.2 2.9 A 1.3
58.5 A 2.3 41.5 A 2.3 89.0 A 2.1 1.7 A 0.7 2.0 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.5 2.5 A 1.0 4.3 A 1.5
57.1 A 1.5 42.9 A 1.5 89.8 A 1.3 1.4 A 0.4 2.5 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.4 4.2 A 1.0
42.5 A 1.0 57.5 A 1.0 91.7 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.2 1.7 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.3 3.1 A 0.5
Holds IP 52.8 A 1.6 47.2 A 1.6 89.8 A 1.5 1.1 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.9 2.1 A 0.8 0.8 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.8
Holds Formal IP 57.2 A 2.4 42.8 A 2.4 91.6 A 2.0 1.6 A 0.6 2.2 A 1.4 0.3 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.5 3.1 A 1.2
No IP 44.9 A 1.0 55.1 A 1.0 91.7 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.5
Familiar with at least one type of IP 48.4 A 0.9 51.6 A 0.9 91.1 A 0.8 1.3 A 0.3 2.1 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.5
Not familiar with any type of IP 42.4 A 1.8 57.6 A 1.8 91.9 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.4 3.3 A 0.8
Procurement Did business with Federal government 66.3 B 2.7 33.7 B 2.7 92.4 B 3.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 1.2 A 0.8 5.9 B 2.9
<30 years old 59.7 C 6.1 40.3 C 6.1 90.4 B 4.5 4.8 B 3.8 4.4 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.4
30 to 39 years old 48.5 A 2.2 51.5 A 2.2 92.9 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.9
40 to 49 years old 49.9 A 1.6 50.1 A 1.6 88.6 A 1.6 1.1 A 0.4 3.4 A 1.1 1.6 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.7 3.0 A 0.7
50 to 64 years old 45.5 A 1.2 54.5 A 1.2 91.1 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.4 1.8 A 0.4 0.7 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.3 3.9 A 0.7
65+ years old 44.1 A 2.3 55.9 A 2.3 93.4 A 1.5 0.3 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.2 4.0 A 1.3
Less than high school 49.7 B 3.2 50.3 B 3.2 87.0 B 3.3 2.2 A 1.2 1.1 A 0.7 1.6 A 1.1 0.3 A 0.2 7.8 B 2.9
High school 47.8 A 1.7 52.2 A 1.7 92.0 A 1.3 1.6 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.6 0.9 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.2 3.6 A 1.0
College/Cegep/Trade School 49.3 A 1.5 50.7 A 1.5 90.4 A 1.2 1.4 A 0.4 2.6 A 0.7 1.4 A 0.6 1.0 A 0.3 3.2 A 0.7
Bachelor's degree 47.7 A 1.6 52.3 A 1.6 90.1 A 1.3 1.2 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.4 1.9 A 0.6 3.4 A 0.8
Master's degree or above 39.5 A 2.1 60.5 A 2.1 93.8 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.7
In Canada 48.1 A 0.9 51.9 A 0.9 91.5 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.3 1.6 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.2 3.7 A 0.5
Outside Canada 44.1 A 1.7 55.9 A 1.7 89.8 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.5 2.8 A 0.7
0% 46.1 A 1.1 53.9 A 1.1 91.1 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.7
1% to 49% 54.5 A 2.5 45.5 A 2.5 94.5 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.8 A 1.3
50% 50.8 A 1.7 49.2 A 1.7 90.8 A 1.5 0.9 A 0.3 2.5 A 1.0 2.4 A 0.9 0.7 A 0.3 2.8 A 0.6
51% to 99% 57.4 C 5.2 42.6 C 5.2 80.5 C 5.5 1.5 A 1.5 3.5 A 1.8 4.2 B 3.2 5.1 B 3.0 5.2 B 2.9
100% 37.4 A 2.2 62.6 A 2.2 90.6 A 1.5 3.2 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.7 2.0 A 0.7
Potential
Borrowers
0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 14.6 A 2.3 21.6 B 3.3 12.1 A 2.4 13.2 A 2.3 38.5 B 3.7
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Co-operatives Co-operatives 64.9 A 1.8 35.1 A 1.8 95.8 A 1.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.6 A 0.3 3.6 A 1.5
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 69.1 A 2.0 30.9 A 2.0 93.6 A 1.7 0.7 A 0.6 2.2 A 1.0 1.0 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.6
Not-for-profit 69.4 A 1.3 30.6 A 1.3 80.7 A 1.9 5.1 A 1.1 2.6 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.7 A 0.9 9.0 A 0.7
Charity 75.4 A 1.5 24.6 A 1.5 75.1 B 2.9 1.7 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.2 A 1.4 18.9 B 2.6
For-profit 53.6 B 3.7 46.4 B 3.7 76.2 C 5.4 2.2 A 0.9 5.3 B 2.8 4.3 B 3.3 2.9 A 1.7 9.2 B 3.9
47.7 A 0.8 52.3 A 0.8 91.1 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.2 2.1 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.2 3.6 A 0.5
43.0 A 2.2 57.0 A 2.2 91.1 A 1.5 2.6 A 1.0 1.1 A 0.4 0.3 A 0.2 2.2 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.8
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
… not applicable
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Reason for not requesting external financing in 2017
Construction (NAICS 23)
Financing not
required
Thought the request
would be turned
down
Applying for
financing is too
difficult or time
consuming
Unaware of
financing sources
available to the
business
Other
Requested external
financing in 2017
Did not request
external financing in
2017
Employment Size
Region
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 1: Overall External Financing Request Rate and Reason for Not Seeking External FinancingSurvey question(s):
C.1. In 2017, did your business request a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage?
C.7. In 2017, did your business request a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit?
C.12. In 2017, did your business request a term loan?
C.18. In 2017, did your business request a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?
D.1. In 2017, did your business request a new contract to lease any material or equipment?
E.1. In 2017, did your business purchase a product or service on credit provided by a supplier and pay that supplier at a later date?
F.1. In 2017, did your business seek equity financing?
G.1. In 2017, did your business request government grants, subsidies or non-repayable contributions?
H.1. Why did your business not request external financing in 2017?
Notes:
C.1, C.7, C.12, C.18, D.1, E.1, F.1, G.1 and H.1 are applicable to all respondents.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Innovation
Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Business
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Intellectual
Property
Growth
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Export Status
Social Enterprises
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Cost of financing is
too high
New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Place of birth
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
At least one of the 4 above innovations
% Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE % Qu
alit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 69.9 A 1.6 23.6 A 1.5 8.7 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.3
1 to 4 employees 69.0 A 2.5 24.0 A 2.3 8.0 A 1.4 2.3 A 0.6
5 to 19 employees 69.3 B 2.6 24.2 A 2.5 9.3 A 1.6 1.5 A 0.5
20 to 99 employees 70.5 B 3.7 23.2 B 3.7 9.2 A 1.9 0.7 A 0.3
100 to 499 employees 86.3 A 2.1 12.6 A 2.0 7.5 A 1.3 5.5 B 3.3
Atlantic 81.3 B 4.3 16.3 B 4.1 7.7 B 3.3 0.5 A 0.3
Quebec 45.7 B 3.6 48.8 B 3.7 9.6 A 1.9 1.2 A 0.6
Ontario 86.4 A 1.8 6.6 A 1.0 7.6 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.6
Northern Ontario 83.3 B 4.3 13.3 B 4.0 8.5 B 3.5 1.3 A 0.9
Southern Ontario 86.5 A 1.9 6.3 A 1.1 7.5 A 1.6 2.4 A 0.6
Prairies 69.8 B 3.2 23.1 B 3.0 8.6 A 1.8 2.1 A 0.8
Manitoba 51.9 C 7.3 43.4 C 7.2 4.3 A 2.5 5.1 B 3.1
Saskatchewan 55.5 C 6.5 34.0 C 6.2 15.9 B 4.9 1.3 A 1.1
Alberta 79.2 B 4.1 14.2 B 3.8 7.5 A 2.2 1.6 A 0.8
British Columbia and Territories 76.0 B 4.1 15.6 B 3.5 9.6 B 3.0 2.2 A 1.1
St. John's 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Halifax 87.9 D 8.5 10.2 D 8.4 1.0 A 0.6 1.9 A 1.5
Quebec 58.6 E 11.0 39.8 E 10.9 4.5 B 3.2 0.0 A 0.0
Montreal 61.5 C 5.7 28.4 C 5.5 14.1 B 3.8 1.9 A 1.2
Ottawa-Gatineau 86.1 C 5.2 9.8 B 4.5 6.6 B 2.6 1.5 A 1.0
Toronto 89.8 B 3.2 2.8 A 1.3 7.9 B 2.9 1.6 A 1.0
Kingston 87.6 C 6.4 2.7 B 2.6 0.1 A 0.0 9.5 C 5.9
Hamilton 84.1 D 10.0 2.9 A 2.1 12.4 D 9.9 1.4 A 0.9
St. Catharines-Niagara 69.3 D 9.8 17.2 C 7.2 15.5 D 7.9 2.6 A 2.4
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 93.5 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.5 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0
London 79.4 E 10.1 10.0 B 4.6 13.2 D 9.7 4.9 B 4.8
Windsor 70.3 E 13.2 29.7 E 13.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 86.5 C 6.3 6.5 B 4.4 14.6 E 12.0 6.1 B 4.5
Winnipeg 67.0 D 9.3 25.5 D 8.6 7.1 B 4.4 8.6 C 5.4
Calgary 91.7 C 5.1 0.0 A 0.0 9.2 C 5.6 3.0 B 2.9
Edmonton 73.3 D 8.3 20.9 D 7.8 5.8 B 3.8 1.4 A 1.2
Vancouver 82.1 C 5.7 10.2 B 4.4 8.5 B 4.2 1.6 A 1.6
Victoria 75.6 E 14.8 24.4 E 14.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
52.2 B 4.0 33.4 B 3.8 20.5 B 3.5 2.2 A 1.0
71.5 B 4.4 27.0 B 4.4 3.9 A 2.0 2.1 A 0.9
67.3 B 4.0 26.1 B 3.7 13.9 B 2.9 2.2 A 1.0
80.4 B 3.9 12.4 B 3.0 11.1 B 3.0 3.4 A 2.3
64.0 C 5.1 29.0 B 5.0 7.1 B 2.7 0.9 A 0.4
73.5 B 4.3 21.4 B 4.1 5.3 A 1.8 3.3 A 1.4
77.3 B 4.4 14.9 B 3.9 11.1 B 3.5 1.0 A 1.0
65.0 C 5.3 28.0 B 4.8 6.2 B 3.0 1.5 A 0.9
69.4 B 4.7 26.6 B 4.7 5.6 A 2.0 1.5 A 0.7
76.6 B 4.4 16.2 B 3.8 7.2 B 2.7 1.5 A 1.0
Tourism 73.9 B 4.3 20.9 B 3.9 4.5 A 2.5 1.2 A 0.7
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
67.4 D 7.5 16.8 C 7.0 18.6 B 5.0 2.9 A 2.1
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 87.9 C 5.3 7.6 B 4.3 8.0 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0
Rural 57.7 B 3.2 36.7 B 3.2 9.4 A 1.5 1.7 A 0.5
Urban 73.5 A 1.8 19.7 A 1.6 8.4 A 1.1 1.9 A 0.4
Exporter 79.9 B 3.3 14.2 B 2.9 12.8 A 2.5 1.5 A 0.9
Non-exporter 68.1 A 1.8 25.3 A 1.6 8.0 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 75.8 B 4.5 18.9 B 4.2 9.1 B 2.7 2.9 A 1.4
65.9 C 5.1 26.0 B 4.7 12.7 B 3.3 0.5 A 0.3
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 68.1 A 2.5 26.0 A 2.4 7.7 A 1.3 1.6 A 0.5
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 77.1 B 3.6 18.0 B 3.3 7.4 A 2.0 2.0 A 1.0
67.7 C 5.2 21.3 B 4.3 11.2 B 4.0 3.4 A 1.6
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 69.1 B 4.5 24.3 B 4.4 7.2 A 2.2 1.9 A 0.6
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 73.1 B 2.9 19.8 B 2.6 8.3 A 1.8 1.9 A 0.6
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 69.4 B 3.3 22.4 B 3.1 10.1 A 2.0 1.9 A 0.8
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 67.0 B 2.6 28.5 B 2.5 8.4 A 1.4 1.6 A 0.5
65.8 B 3.6 26.3 B 3.5 12.0 A 2.2 3.4 A 1.0
68.2 B 4.0 23.5 B 3.7 15.6 B 2.9 1.8 A 0.6
67.7 B 4.1 25.5 B 4.0 11.0 A 2.3 1.8 A 0.7
71.8 B 3.7 20.0 B 3.3 10.1 A 2.3 2.4 A 0.9
68.3 B 2.6 24.8 B 2.5 10.3 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.6
71.3 A 2.0 22.5 A 1.8 7.6 A 1.3 1.6 A 0.4
Holds IP 79.4 A 2.2 13.9 A 2.0 9.5 A 1.5 2.5 A 0.8
Holds Formal IP 81.6 B 3.0 10.8 A 2.3 10.8 A 2.2 2.9 A 1.4
No IP 65.7 A 2.0 27.9 A 1.9 8.3 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.4
Familiar with at least one type of IP 71.0 A 1.7 22.4 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.4
Not familiar with any type of IP 66.0 B 4.3 28.0 B 4.0 7.0 A 2.5 1.1 A 0.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 75.4 B 4.0 22.3 B 3.9 4.8 A 1.8 0.5 A 0.5
<30 years old 63.2 D 9.7 30.8 D 9.8 5.8 B 2.7 3.6 A 1.9
30 to 39 years old 60.1 B 4.0 30.5 B 3.8 9.1 B 2.6 2.1 A 0.9
40 to 49 years old 72.1 B 2.7 19.9 A 2.3 9.4 A 1.8 2.1 A 0.7
50 to 64 years old 71.9 A 2.4 22.5 A 2.3 8.8 A 1.5 1.8 A 0.5
65+ years old 73.4 C 5.9 24.1 C 6.0 6.4 A 1.9 0.1 A 0.1
Less than high school 51.5 C 6.4 40.7 C 6.6 9.7 B 3.6 1.1 A 0.7
High school 64.9 B 3.6 24.4 B 3.2 12.9 B 2.7 2.4 A 0.8
College/Cegep/Trade School 66.6 B 2.8 28.5 B 2.7 7.9 A 1.6 2.1 A 0.6
Bachelor's degree 79.5 B 2.6 16.0 A 2.5 5.9 A 1.1 1.7 A 0.7
Master's degree or above 76.1 B 4.5 17.3 B 4.1 8.2 A 2.4 0.9 A 0.7
In Canada 67.2 A 1.8 26.4 A 1.7 8.9 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.4
Outside Canada 78.2 B 3.4 14.6 B 2.8 8.0 A 2.3 1.3 A 0.5
0% 71.0 A 2.2 23.3 A 2.1 8.6 A 1.2 2.0 A 0.5
1% to 49% 66.1 B 4.9 29.1 B 4.9 7.7 A 1.7 2.2 A 1.1
50% 68.3 B 3.1 22.4 B 2.7 10.5 A 2.2 1.3 A 0.6
51% to 99% 78.9 C 6.9 16.5 C 6.4 2.9 A 1.7 3.5 A 1.9
100% 68.3 C 5.2 23.8 B 4.4 8.6 B 3.8 1.3 A 0.6
Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
44.3 E 10.7 29.7 E 10.1 21.5 D 9.6 4.9 B 3.0
Co-operatives Co-operatives 27.3 B 2.9 64.4 B 3.1 20.2 B 2.5 1.9 A 0.7
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 81.4 B 2.7 13.7 A 2.4 9.6 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0
Not-for-profit 20.4 B 2.7 77.0 B 2.7 6.7 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.1
Charity 41.4 B 3.9 60.3 B 3.9 1.5 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0
For-profit 75.5 C 5.6 17.4 B 4.8 5.9 B 2.8 3.3 A 2.1
69.8 A 1.7 23.4 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4
70.0 B 3.9 25.2 B 3.6 5.2 A 2.0 1.0 A 0.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
… not applicable
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 2: Provider of Debt FinancingSurvey question(s):
C.25. In 2017, who provided debt financing that was requested? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
C.25 is applicable only to those that made a request for external financing in 2017.
Provider of external financing
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Domestic chartered
bank
Credit union/ caisses
populaires
Online alternative
lender/
crowdsourcing/ peer-
to-peer lenders
Government
institution
Employment Size
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Region
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Female Ownership
Social Enterprises
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Innovation
Activities developed
or introduced
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 25.6 A 0.7 81.9 A 1.2 4.7 A 0.7 86.6 A 1.1 9.5 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.5
1 to 4 employees 19.7 A 0.9 78.9 A 2.2 5.5 A 1.2 84.4 A 1.9 11.8 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.4 2.3 A 1.0
5 to 19 employees 31.6 A 1.3 81.3 A 1.9 5.0 A 1.1 86.3 A 1.7 9.6 A 1.5 2.0 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.6
20 to 99 employees 35.4 A 2.0 89.6 A 1.9 2.1 A 0.7 91.7 A 1.8 4.2 A 0.9 2.9 A 1.4 1.3 A 0.8
100 to 499 employees 36.7 B 2.9 95.7 A 1.1 2.6 A 0.9 98.2 A 0.6 0.1 A 0.0 1.1 A 0.4 0.6 A 0.4
Atlantic 26.1 A 2.1 81.8 B 3.6 6.6 A 2.3 88.4 B 3.1 8.5 B 2.8 1.1 A 0.6 2.0 A 1.3
Quebec 30.4 A 1.8 88.4 A 2.2 2.6 A 0.9 91.1 A 2.1 6.6 A 1.9 1.4 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.4
Ontario 23.2 A 1.0 78.7 A 2.2 6.0 A 1.5 84.7 A 1.8 11.3 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.6
Northern Ontario 19.6 A 2.2 79.7 C 5.9 4.6 A 2.4 84.3 C 5.7 12.9 C 5.7 2.8 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0
Southern Ontario 23.4 A 1.1 78.6 A 2.3 6.1 A 1.6 84.7 A 1.9 11.2 A 1.8 2.2 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.6
Prairies 25.4 A 1.4 81.2 A 2.3 3.2 A 0.8 84.4 A 2.2 10.5 A 1.7 1.8 A 0.7 3.4 A 1.2
Manitoba 29.3 B 3.3 76.9 C 6.0 3.1 A 2.1 80.0 C 5.8 18.5 C 5.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.5 A 1.4
Saskatchewan 30.3 B 3.0 84.7 B 3.8 6.6 B 2.7 91.3 B 2.9 6.4 B 2.6 2.3 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0
Alberta 23.4 A 1.8 81.3 B 2.9 2.2 A 0.9 83.5 B 2.9 9.5 A 2.0 2.1 A 1.1 4.9 A 1.8
British Columbia and Territories 24.1 A 1.9 78.2 B 4.1 6.8 A 2.5 85.0 B 3.6 9.6 B 2.7 2.3 A 1.2 3.1 B 2.5
St. John's 15.5 D 7.7 83.1 E 14.2 12.6 E 12.8 95.6 B 4.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.4 B 4.7
Halifax 30.1 C 5.7 74.9 E 11.0 9.2 C 6.1 84.2 E 10.4 15.8 E 10.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Quebec 22.1 B 4.7 93.1 B 3.9 3.0 B 2.7 96.1 B 2.7 2.1 A 2.1 0.1 A 0.1 1.7 A 1.7
Montreal 28.4 B 2.6 80.5 B 4.2 4.7 A 2.0 85.1 B 3.9 10.6 B 3.6 2.8 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.9
Ottawa-Gatineau 21.7 B 3.9 84.6 C 5.8 0.0 A 0.0 84.6 C 5.8 13.3 C 5.5 0.2 A 0.2 1.8 A 1.8
Toronto 21.8 A 1.7 71.9 B 4.2 9.2 B 3.2 81.1 B 3.5 12.8 B 3.2 2.8 A 1.2 3.2 A 1.3
Kingston 26.8 B 4.2 87.3 C 5.1 0.4 A 0.4 87.7 C 5.0 7.0 B 3.7 0.0 A 0.0 5.3 B 3.6
Hamilton 29.1 C 5.4 87.5 C 5.3 4.4 B 3.9 91.9 B 3.7 7.3 B 3.6 0.3 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.5
St. Catharines-Niagara 20.5 B 4.9 66.0 E 14.2 1.3 A 1.3 67.3 E 14.4 28.2 E 14.8 0.3 A 0.3 4.2 B 3.3
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 22.7 B 4.3 83.8 C 7.2 8.0 C 5.2 91.8 C 5.5 5.4 C 5.2 2.8 B 2.8 0.0 A 0.0
London 19.1 B 3.8 92.7 B 3.9 0.3 A 0.2 93.0 B 3.9 6.8 B 3.9 0.2 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0
Windsor 25.5 C 5.4 91.9 B 5.0 1.5 A 1.4 93.4 B 4.7 5.8 B 4.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.8 A 0.8
Thunder Bay 28.1 C 5.1 81.3 D 9.0 0.0 A 0.0 81.3 D 9.0 12.9 D 8.6 5.7 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0
Winnipeg 26.4 B 4.1 72.5 D 8.1 2.1 A 2.0 74.5 D 8.0 23.1 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 2.3 A 2.3
Calgary 19.7 B 3.1 77.0 C 6.4 2.2 A 1.7 79.2 C 6.2 20.3 C 6.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.6 A 0.5
Edmonton 22.8 B 3.6 81.4 C 6.1 2.6 A 1.3 83.9 C 5.9 7.4 B 3.2 3.5 B 3.4 5.1 B 4.0
Vancouver 25.7 B 3.0 77.6 C 6.1 8.1 B 4.3 85.7 C 5.1 13.8 C 5.0 0.5 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0
Victoria 14.0 B 4.7 82.7 E 14.4 16.6 E 14.4 99.3 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
37.3 A 2.4 92.1 A 2.2 3.8 A 1.3 95.8 A 1.8 2.7 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0
28.6 A 2.1 77.2 B 3.9 6.7 A 2.4 83.8 B 3.5 10.3 B 2.7 2.7 A 1.3 3.2 A 2.2
29.7 A 2.0 82.3 B 2.7 5.1 A 1.3 87.5 A 2.4 8.2 A 2.0 1.6 A 0.9 2.7 A 1.2
30.3 A 2.1 86.0 B 3.3 4.0 A 1.9 90.0 B 2.9 4.8 A 2.1 2.1 A 0.9 3.1 A 2.0
28.9 A 2.2 81.2 B 3.6 2.4 A 1.3 83.6 B 3.5 14.3 B 3.5 1.2 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.5
29.3 A 2.3 76.3 B 4.3 6.7 B 3.3 83.0 B 3.4 14.1 B 3.3 2.6 A 1.1 0.3 A 0.2
16.3 A 1.5 78.2 B 4.8 7.7 B 3.4 85.9 B 3.7 10.2 B 3.4 0.2 A 0.1 3.8 A 1.8
22.0 A 2.0 75.1 B 4.4 5.7 A 2.3 80.7 B 4.0 10.4 B 2.7 7.3 B 3.2 1.6 A 0.9
27.1 A 2.2 79.6 B 3.6 2.8 A 1.3 82.4 B 3.5 10.8 B 2.5 1.7 A 1.0 5.1 A 2.4
21.5 A 1.9 88.5 B 2.6 3.0 A 1.2 91.5 A 2.3 7.5 A 2.3 0.2 A 0.1 0.8 A 0.5
Tourism 23.6 A 2.0 81.1 B 3.5 4.3 A 1.8 85.4 B 3.2 7.8 A 2.0 5.6 A 2.5 1.3 A 0.7
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
16.6 A 2.3 81.7 C 5.1 4.5 B 2.6 86.2 B 4.5 8.3 B 3.4 0.0 A 0.0 5.6 B 3.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 17.0 B 3.6 60.4 E 12.8 23.7 E 11.9 84.1 E 10.7 15.2 E 10.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.8 A 0.8
Rural 30.5 A 1.6 84.5 A 2.5 2.9 A 0.8 87.4 A 2.4 7.4 A 1.7 2.1 A 0.8 3.1 A 1.8
Urban 24.4 A 0.8 81.1 A 1.4 5.3 A 0.9 86.4 A 1.2 10.1 A 1.1 1.8 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.4
Exporter 31.5 A 2.0 80.1 B 3.3 7.5 A 2.5 87.6 B 2.5 8.3 A 2.3 1.5 A 0.5 2.5 A 1.1
Non-exporter 24.8 A 0.7 82.2 A 1.3 4.3 A 0.7 86.4 A 1.2 9.7 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.6
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 35.6 B 2.9 81.5 B 3.4 4.7 A 1.5 86.2 B 3.1 11.3 B 2.8 1.2 A 1.0 1.3 A 1.1
30.7 A 2.4 83.2 B 3.4 3.7 A 1.7 87.0 B 3.0 9.2 B 2.8 1.2 A 0.6 2.7 A 1.1
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 25.4 A 1.1 84.7 A 1.7 5.4 A 1.3 90.1 A 1.3 6.3 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.6
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 16.6 A 1.5 85.3 B 3.5 1.6 A 0.8 86.9 B 3.4 10.5 B 3.3 1.2 A 0.5 1.4 A 0.7
21.0 A 2.0 78.8 B 4.7 6.2 A 2.4 85.1 B 4.4 7.6 A 1.9 3.0 A 1.9 4.3 B 3.9
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 32.0 A 2.3 76.6 B 3.4 5.2 A 2.0 81.9 B 2.9 13.4 B 2.6 2.7 A 1.0 2.1 A 1.1
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 26.4 A 1.4 76.4 B 2.6 6.0 A 1.6 82.3 A 2.3 13.3 A 2.0 1.4 A 0.5 3.0 A 1.3
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 24.2 A 1.4 85.4 A 2.2 4.4 A 1.2 89.9 A 1.9 6.4 A 1.6 1.9 A 0.8 1.9 A 0.8
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 23.9 A 1.1 87.5 A 1.7 3.3 A 0.8 90.8 A 1.6 6.0 A 1.3 2.1 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.5
34.5 A 1.9 76.5 B 2.8 7.1 A 1.7 83.6 A 2.4 10.5 A 2.1 2.7 A 1.0 3.2 A 1.0
35.7 A 2.2 76.0 B 3.4 7.6 A 2.2 83.6 B 3.0 9.7 A 2.5 3.3 A 1.4 3.4 A 1.3
37.6 A 2.3 82.0 B 2.9 5.7 A 2.0 87.7 A 2.3 8.2 A 1.9 2.9 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.7
35.2 A 2.2 79.9 B 2.7 6.9 A 1.7 86.8 A 2.3 10.7 A 2.1 0.3 A 0.2 2.1 A 1.0
33.6 A 1.4 79.8 A 2.0 6.9 A 1.3 86.7 A 1.7 8.8 A 1.4 2.3 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.7
21.9 A 0.8 82.8 A 1.7 3.5 A 0.9 86.3 A 1.5 10.3 A 1.3 1.2 A 0.3 2.1 A 0.8
Holds IP 29.4 A 1.4 82.3 A 2.3 7.0 A 1.8 89.2 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.4 1.7 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.6
Holds Formal IP 30.5 A 2.1 81.2 B 3.4 8.5 B 2.9 89.7 A 2.3 6.7 A 2.0 1.9 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.8
No IP 24.1 A 0.8 81.2 A 1.6 4.0 A 0.7 85.2 A 1.5 10.8 A 1.3 1.6 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.7
Familiar with at least one type of IP 26.3 A 0.8 81.5 A 1.4 5.6 A 0.9 87.0 A 1.2 9.6 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.6
Not familiar with any type of IP 23.0 A 1.6 81.9 B 2.9 2.4 A 1.0 84.3 B 2.9 10.1 B 2.6 3.6 A 1.1 2.0 A 0.9
Procurement Did business with Federal government 34.9 B 2.6 92.5 A 1.9 2.3 A 1.1 94.8 A 1.6 2.8 A 1.2 2.0 A 0.9 0.5 A 0.5
<30 years old 47.6 C 6.1 88.5 B 4.6 2.5 A 1.5 91.0 B 4.3 6.6 B 4.0 2.3 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.2
30 to 39 years old 30.1 A 2.0 79.6 B 3.2 6.7 A 2.4 86.3 A 2.5 8.4 A 2.1 2.4 A 1.0 2.9 A 1.0
40 to 49 years old 28.2 A 1.5 77.4 B 2.7 4.7 A 1.2 82.1 B 2.6 13.8 A 2.2 1.3 A 0.6 2.9 A 1.5
50 to 64 years old 23.2 A 1.0 84.6 A 1.7 3.7 A 0.9 88.3 A 1.5 8.5 A 1.3 1.7 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.6
65+ years old 20.9 A 2.1 84.7 B 3.3 6.5 A 2.3 91.1 A 2.4 4.5 A 1.7 3.5 A 1.7 0.9 A 0.5
Less than high school 27.8 B 2.8 84.3 B 3.4 1.4 A 0.9 85.8 B 3.3 11.4 B 3.1 1.7 A 1.0 1.1 A 0.8
High school 24.9 A 1.5 80.2 B 3.0 6.0 A 1.8 86.2 B 2.7 9.3 A 2.1 1.3 A 0.5 3.2 A 1.8
College/Cegep/Trade School 26.4 A 1.3 82.9 A 2.0 4.2 A 1.1 87.1 A 1.8 9.5 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.5 2.0 A 0.7
Bachelor's degree 26.3 A 1.4 81.6 A 2.4 5.8 A 1.6 87.4 A 2.0 8.7 A 1.7 2.5 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.6
Master's degree or above 22.8 A 1.9 81.9 B 3.4 3.3 A 1.2 85.1 B 3.3 10.2 B 2.9 2.7 A 1.3 2.0 A 0.9
In Canada 25.7 A 0.8 84.6 A 1.3 3.2 A 0.5 87.8 A 1.2 8.5 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.4 1.9 A 0.6
Outside Canada 25.1 A 1.5 73.5 B 3.1 9.4 A 2.3 82.9 A 2.5 12.6 A 2.2 2.2 A 0.8 2.4 A 0.9
0% 24.7 A 1.0 80.5 A 1.9 4.9 A 1.1 85.4 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.4 2.6 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.8
1% to 49% 30.7 A 2.3 84.1 B 3.5 4.5 A 1.6 88.6 B 3.3 9.6 B 3.2 0.7 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.6
50% 26.5 A 1.4 80.9 A 2.4 5.5 A 1.4 86.4 A 2.1 9.3 A 1.8 1.7 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.0
51% to 99% 35.5 C 5.4 90.1 B 4.8 1.8 A 1.8 91.9 B 4.4 7.7 B 4.4 0.1 A 0.1 0.3 A 0.3
100% 21.6 A 2.0 85.4 B 3.1 3.2 A 1.7 88.6 B 2.7 6.9 A 1.9 0.6 A 0.6 3.8 A 1.8
Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
100.0 A 0.0 12.3 B 4.2 1.0 A 0.5 13.3 B 4.2 86.0 B 4.2 0.7 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0
Co-operatives Co-operatives 38.1 A 1.8 92.7 A 1.6 1.1 A 0.5 93.8 A 1.6 2.6 A 0.9 3.1 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.3
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 37.6 A 2.1 87.7 A 2.3 2.3 A 0.9 90.0 A 2.1 4.9 A 1.4 3.4 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.9
Not-for-profit 26.6 A 1.3 95.4 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 95.4 A 1.0 4.6 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Charity 28.7 A 1.7 95.4 A 0.7 0.0 A 0.0 95.4 A 0.7 3.2 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0
For-profit 30.9 B 3.3 80.1 B 4.4 7.6 B 3.2 87.7 B 3.2 9.9 B 3.0 0.8 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.9
26.2 A 0.8 80.9 A 1.4 4.9 A 0.8 85.8 A 1.2 10.1 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.6
21.6 A 1.7 89.4 A 2.0 3.5 A 1.3 92.9 A 1.6 4.9 A 1.3 1.1 A 0.7 1.2 A 0.6
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
… not applicable
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social
Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Employment Size
Region
Request was rejected
CMA Level
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 3: Debt Financing
Notes:
C.1, C.7, C.12 and C.18 are applicable to all respondents.
C.3 is applicable only to those that requeseted a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage in 2017.
C.9 is applicable only to those that requested a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit in 2017.
C.14 is applicable only to those that requested a term loan in 2017.
C.20 is applicable only to those that requested a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
ApprovedRequest is still under
review
Request was
withdrawnPartial amount was
authorized
Overall approval rate
(full or partial)
Requested debt
financing in 2017
Outcome of largest debt financing request
Full amount was
authorized
Survey question(s):
C.1. In 2017, did your business request a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage?
C.7. In 2017, did your business request a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit?
C.12. In 2017, did your business request a term loan?
C.18. In 2017, did your business request a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?
C.3. What was the outcome of this mortgage request?
C.9. What was the outcome of this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit request?
C.14. What was the outcome of this term loan request?
C.20. What was the outcome of this request for a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 4.0 A 0.3 11.7 A 0.5 6.6 A 0.4 10.3 A 0.5 25.6 A 0.7 86.2 B 3.1 77.9 A 2.1 91.1 A 1.6 91.3 A 1.2 89.2 A 1.0
1 to 4 employees 2.9 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.7 4.0 A 0.4 8.5 A 0.7 19.7 A 0.9 83.2 C 5.3 72.9 B 3.8 92.2 B 2.5 90.7 A 1.8 87.1 A 1.8
5 to 19 employees 4.6 A 0.6 14.1 A 1.0 9.2 A 0.8 12.2 A 0.9 31.6 A 1.3 87.4 C 5.3 77.9 B 3.2 88.5 B 2.8 89.7 A 2.4 88.7 A 1.5
20 to 99 employees 7.3 A 1.3 16.8 A 1.6 10.3 A 1.2 12.7 A 1.1 35.4 A 2.0 88.7 C 5.4 89.6 B 2.8 94.4 A 1.9 96.5 A 1.3 94.5 A 1.3
100 to 499 employees 5.5 A 0.9 12.6 A 1.5 13.4 A 1.6 15.2 A 2.0 36.7 B 2.9 93.7 B 3.1 97.7 A 0.8 98.4 A 0.7 99.7 A 0.3 98.8 A 0.4
Atlantic 1.8 A 0.4 11.9 A 1.6 8.5 A 1.4 10.0 A 1.5 26.1 A 2.1 90.3 C 6.5 82.2 C 5.2 97.5 A 1.4 90.1 C 5.7 88.8 B 3.1
Quebec 6.0 A 0.8 14.5 A 1.4 8.2 A 1.0 11.1 A 1.2 30.4 A 1.8 87.7 C 5.9 85.2 B 4.0 96.9 A 1.4 96.7 A 1.2 94.1 A 1.7
Ontario 3.2 A 0.4 10.6 A 0.8 5.2 A 0.5 10.0 A 0.7 23.2 A 1.0 79.5 C 6.8 72.6 B 3.8 87.1 B 2.9 89.9 A 2.0 86.7 A 1.8
Northern Ontario 2.4 A 0.8 10.2 A 1.8 7.8 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.7 19.6 A 2.2 66.1 F 16.8 76.5 D 9.8 78.1 E 12.0 87.9 C 6.6 91.6 B 3.6
Southern Ontario 3.2 A 0.5 10.7 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.5 10.1 A 0.7 23.4 A 1.1 80.2 C 7.1 72.3 B 4.0 88.1 B 2.9 90.0 A 2.0 86.4 A 1.9
Prairies 3.2 A 0.6 11.0 A 1.0 7.7 A 0.8 9.5 A 0.9 25.4 A 1.4 89.2 C 5.2 77.6 B 3.8 89.6 B 3.6 89.4 B 2.7 87.5 A 1.9
Manitoba 5.5 A 1.7 9.1 A 1.9 9.8 A 2.2 12.2 A 2.5 29.3 B 3.3 100.0 A 0.0 63.3 E 10.7 85.2 E 11.4 85.3 C 7.2 84.0 C 5.3
Saskatchewan 4.3 A 1.7 13.0 A 2.1 12.2 A 2.1 10.7 A 2.1 30.3 B 3.0 88.9 E 10.6 87.8 B 4.9 93.5 B 3.7 95.6 B 3.1 92.3 B 2.8
Alberta 2.4 A 0.8 10.9 A 1.4 6.2 A 1.0 8.6 A 1.2 23.4 A 1.8 83.7 D 9.2 77.4 B 4.9 89.3 B 4.6 88.9 B 3.5 87.1 A 2.5
British Columbia and Territories 4.6 A 0.9 11.2 A 1.5 5.1 A 0.9 10.9 A 1.4 24.1 A 1.9 90.1 B 4.9 74.6 C 6.9 85.9 C 7.0 88.9 B 4.5 88.2 B 3.4
St. John's 0.5 A 0.3 13.7 D 7.7 8.4 D 7.5 4.8 B 2.5 15.5 D 7.7 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 85.9 E 13.8 95.6 B 4.7
Halifax 2.7 A 1.6 14.2 B 4.4 4.8 A 1.7 14.1 B 4.9 30.1 C 5.7 100.0 A 0.0 94.9 C 5.3 100.0 A 0.0 71.3 F 19.4 84.2 E 10.4
Quebec 6.4 A 2.3 7.9 B 2.6 7.9 B 3.1 8.2 B 3.0 22.1 B 4.7 93.6 C 6.0 94.2 C 5.8 100.0 A 0.0 94.4 C 5.7 96.1 B 2.7
Montreal 3.7 A 1.3 17.5 A 2.3 5.0 A 1.1 11.9 A 1.7 28.4 B 2.6 79.6 E 12.0 82.2 C 5.7 93.8 B 4.1 95.2 A 2.2 90.7 B 2.9
Ottawa-Gatineau 1.0 A 0.5 11.8 B 3.4 3.3 A 0.9 9.2 A 2.4 21.7 B 3.9 90.5 D 9.5 79.2 E 10.1 74.1 E 12.1 95.0 B 2.8 86.6 C 5.7
Toronto 2.3 A 0.8 11.4 A 1.4 3.6 A 0.7 9.7 A 1.1 21.8 A 1.7 74.2 F 16.9 67.8 C 6.6 91.4 B 3.7 85.4 B 3.9 82.4 B 3.5
Kingston 1.7 A 0.8 8.4 B 2.6 4.8 A 1.9 14.2 B 3.4 26.8 B 4.2 96.0 B 3.3 74.5 E 12.6 87.5 E 11.8 92.4 C 5.4 90.0 B 4.6
Hamilton 2.4 A 1.5 9.7 B 3.4 6.0 B 3.0 15.3 B 3.9 29.1 C 5.4 96.1 B 4.4 89.7 C 6.1 88.6 D 9.5 90.5 C 5.8 92.5 B 3.6
St. Catharines-Niagara 7.2 B 4.2 12.0 B 4.3 5.1 A 1.9 6.4 A 1.9 20.5 B 4.9 44.7 F 29.2 44.9 F 17.4 86.2 E 11.6 93.8 C 6.0 77.7 F 15.2
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 3.0 A 1.6 9.9 B 3.3 6.2 A 2.1 10.5 B 2.7 22.7 B 4.3 100.0 A 0.0 87.5 E 11.6 100.0 A 0.0 91.4 C 6.3 91.8 C 5.5
London 3.5 A 1.5 3.3 A 1.0 8.8 B 2.9 7.4 A 2.0 19.1 B 3.8 86.5 E 12.7 80.7 F 15.0 96.8 B 2.8 100.0 A 0.0 95.5 B 3.3
Windsor 3.1 A 1.6 12.7 B 4.3 3.5 B 2.7 9.6 B 3.6 25.5 C 5.4 89.2 E 10.9 90.8 D 8.9 100.0 A 0.0 97.8 A 2.2 93.4 B 4.7
Thunder Bay 5.8 A 2.2 19.7 B 4.8 8.7 B 3.5 5.3 A 2.2 28.1 C 5.1 79.1 F 16.3 73.9 E 12.4 87.4 E 11.9 100.0 A 0.0 85.6 D 8.5
Winnipeg 4.0 A 1.9 6.6 A 1.7 5.5 A 2.1 13.5 B 3.3 26.4 B 4.1 100.0 A 0.0 46.6 E 12.5 60.8 F 22.3 84.9 D 8.6 76.1 D 8.0
Calgary 0.7 A 0.4 12.5 B 2.8 2.2 A 1.0 10.0 A 2.0 19.7 B 3.1 100.0 A 0.0 70.6 D 9.5 86.3 E 12.2 83.8 C 7.0 85.5 B 4.7
Edmonton 0.5 A 0.4 10.4 B 2.9 5.1 A 1.7 10.5 A 2.4 22.8 B 3.6 85.3 F 16.5 73.6 E 11.7 94.6 C 5.4 93.5 B 4.7 85.0 C 5.9
Vancouver 3.8 A 1.4 13.1 A 2.4 5.0 A 1.5 14.0 A 2.4 25.7 B 3.0 91.6 D 8.2 80.9 D 8.1 75.5 E 14.1 87.1 C 7.0 90.0 B 4.2
Victoria 1.2 A 0.9 6.5 B 3.6 2.5 A 1.9 7.0 B 3.0 14.0 B 4.7 100.0 A 0.0 98.5 A 1.8 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 99.3 A 0.8
12.7 A 1.8 15.4 A 1.9 17.6 A 1.9 5.4 A 1.1 37.3 A 2.4 97.0 A 1.5 90.7 B 4.8 95.6 B 3.4 99.8 A 0.2 96.3 A 1.8
2.2 A 0.6 12.0 A 1.6 6.5 A 1.2 13.0 A 1.5 28.6 A 2.1 75.0 F 15.9 68.0 C 7.0 99.0 A 0.8 90.1 B 3.7 86.5 B 3.4
4.1 A 0.8 14.9 A 1.5 8.0 A 1.2 12.8 A 1.6 29.7 A 2.0 92.3 B 4.5 83.3 B 3.8 86.4 B 4.9 97.0 A 1.4 89.8 A 2.3
3.7 A 0.9 11.8 A 1.5 7.4 A 1.2 13.3 A 1.6 30.3 A 2.1 81.2 E 12.1 83.2 C 6.3 91.6 B 4.4 96.8 A 1.7 91.2 B 2.8
3.7 A 0.8 15.0 A 1.9 7.2 A 1.3 11.2 A 1.5 28.9 A 2.2 94.6 B 3.1 77.3 C 5.7 85.3 C 7.1 89.8 B 4.0 89.6 A 2.4
4.2 A 1.0 9.4 A 1.5 10.1 A 1.4 12.8 A 1.7 29.3 A 2.3 85.5 C 6.8 66.1 D 7.6 90.8 B 3.6 85.1 B 4.9 84.5 B 3.4
1.6 A 0.6 8.6 A 1.1 2.6 A 0.5 8.3 A 1.1 16.3 A 1.5 86.7 E 10.6 79.5 C 6.1 96.6 B 3.2 90.2 B 3.5 88.3 B 3.5
3.3 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.2 6.8 A 1.2 8.6 A 1.2 22.0 A 2.0 67.9 E 13.8 70.7 D 7.8 87.2 C 5.2 86.1 B 4.3 84.0 B 3.5
5.1 A 1.1 11.1 A 1.6 6.3 A 1.2 13.1 A 1.7 27.1 A 2.2 90.6 C 5.3 71.5 C 6.6 76.9 D 8.2 92.1 B 2.8 85.2 B 3.2
4.3 A 1.0 12.3 A 1.6 4.1 A 0.8 7.9 A 1.2 21.5 A 1.9 80.2 D 9.4 83.7 B 4.9 91.1 B 4.6 92.9 B 3.2 93.1 A 2.2
Tourism 3.6 A 0.8 9.2 A 1.5 5.8 A 1.0 9.5 A 1.3 23.6 A 2.0 74.9 E 11.1 81.1 C 5.8 87.0 B 5.0 90.7 B 3.0 88.0 B 2.8
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
1.6 A 1.2 7.4 A 1.6 3.6 A 0.9 8.6 A 1.4 16.6 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 77.6 D 8.6 92.1 C 7.5 87.3 C 5.5 91.1 B 3.7
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 3.7 A 2.3 7.3 B 2.5 3.9 A 1.3 7.2 A 2.0 17.0 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 62.9 F 19.6 96.7 B 3.3 100.0 A 0.0 85.5 E 10.7
Rural 6.4 A 0.7 11.9 A 1.1 12.0 A 1.2 8.1 A 0.8 30.5 A 1.6 90.5 B 3.9 77.7 C 5.2 94.0 A 2.1 91.2 B 2.5 89.5 A 2.3
Urban 3.4 A 0.4 11.7 A 0.6 5.3 A 0.4 10.8 A 0.6 24.4 A 0.8 84.2 B 4.1 78.0 A 2.3 89.5 A 2.1 91.3 A 1.4 89.1 A 1.1
Exporter 3.8 A 0.8 16.6 A 1.7 6.3 A 0.8 15.0 A 1.5 31.5 A 2.0 91.7 B 3.5 80.0 B 4.5 91.4 B 2.7 92.3 B 2.9 91.7 A 1.7
Non-exporter 4.0 A 0.3 11.1 A 0.6 6.6 A 0.4 9.7 A 0.5 24.8 A 0.7 85.5 B 3.4 77.5 A 2.4 91.1 A 1.7 91.1 A 1.4 88.7 A 1.1
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 3.4 A 0.8 20.9 A 2.4 6.6 A 1.2 16.9 A 2.4 35.6 B 2.9 87.7 C 7.5 83.2 B 4.3 85.0 D 7.8 94.8 A 2.2 92.1 A 2.3
4.4 A 0.8 15.2 A 2.0 7.9 A 1.5 10.6 A 1.3 30.7 A 2.4 96.7 A 2.2 79.7 C 5.6 99.0 A 0.8 88.1 B 3.9 87.5 B 3.0
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 5.0 A 0.6 10.1 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.6 9.1 A 0.7 25.4 A 1.1 88.9 B 3.2 81.6 B 3.0 92.1 A 1.8 94.8 A 1.7 92.2 A 1.1
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 2.9 A 0.6 7.9 A 1.1 3.3 A 0.6 6.0 A 0.9 16.6 A 1.5 70.3 E 12.1 76.7 C 6.4 91.9 B 4.9 95.1 A 1.8 88.5 B 3.3
2.9 A 0.7 10.9 A 1.7 6.2 A 1.1 7.7 A 1.1 21.0 A 2.0 97.2 A 2.0 65.6 D 8.5 96.6 A 2.0 89.5 B 4.0 85.6 B 4.4
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 1.7 A 0.5 14.5 A 1.9 7.4 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.9 32.0 A 2.3 81.6 D 8.0 81.6 B 4.2 78.0 D 8.4 85.8 B 2.8 86.5 A 2.3
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 3.2 A 0.6 12.5 A 1.1 5.7 A 0.6 11.6 A 1.0 26.4 A 1.4 81.4 C 7.2 71.7 B 4.3 88.7 B 3.2 89.1 B 2.6 85.1 A 2.2
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 3.8 A 0.6 11.5 A 1.1 7.1 A 0.9 7.8 A 0.8 24.2 A 1.4 85.5 C 5.9 80.9 B 4.1 94.0 A 2.1 96.5 A 1.4 92.3 A 1.7
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 5.5 A 0.7 10.3 A 0.8 6.8 A 0.6 8.3 A 0.6 23.9 A 1.1 90.0 B 4.3 81.5 B 3.3 95.1 A 1.5 94.2 A 2.1 92.3 A 1.5
4.8 A 0.8 19.1 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.1 13.8 A 1.4 34.5 A 1.9 89.0 B 4.2 76.7 B 4.1 88.3 B 4.3 89.6 B 3.5 86.5 A 2.2
4.6 A 0.9 18.7 A 1.8 10.9 A 1.4 13.5 A 1.5 35.7 A 2.2 88.2 C 5.3 75.3 B 4.9 91.2 B 3.5 86.2 C 5.1 84.8 B 2.9
4.8 A 1.0 19.1 A 2.0 9.8 A 1.4 15.8 A 1.7 37.6 A 2.3 86.8 C 6.7 81.8 B 3.9 90.7 B 3.8 93.5 A 2.2 90.0 A 2.1
2.9 A 0.6 17.2 A 1.7 9.2 A 1.3 16.6 A 1.6 35.2 A 2.2 81.2 D 9.7 79.9 B 4.0 91.8 B 3.6 91.3 A 2.5 89.2 A 2.1
4.6 A 0.6 17.1 A 1.2 9.1 A 0.8 13.7 A 1.0 33.6 A 1.4 87.8 B 3.8 78.8 B 3.1 90.4 B 2.9 91.6 A 2.3 89.1 A 1.5
3.5 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.6 5.1 A 0.4 9.1 A 0.6 21.9 A 0.8 85.2 B 4.5 75.9 B 3.1 91.0 A 2.0 91.1 A 1.5 88.9 A 1.4
Holds IP 4.1 A 0.6 15.3 A 1.2 6.3 A 0.6 12.2 A 1.0 29.4 A 1.4 95.9 A 1.8 80.2 B 3.4 87.4 B 3.6 93.5 A 1.9 91.4 A 1.5
Holds Formal IP 5.0 A 1.1 14.4 A 1.5 6.9 A 1.1 12.6 A 1.4 30.5 A 2.1 99.2 A 0.4 82.7 B 3.8 86.6 C 6.4 96.9 A 1.4 91.6 A 2.1
No IP 3.8 A 0.4 10.3 A 0.6 6.4 A 0.5 9.9 A 0.6 24.1 A 0.8 82.2 B 4.3 75.5 B 2.9 92.0 A 1.8 90.3 A 1.6 87.9 A 1.3
Familiar with at least one type of IP 3.7 A 0.3 12.6 A 0.7 6.2 A 0.4 11.1 A 0.6 26.3 A 0.8 88.7 B 3.3 79.1 A 2.3 89.9 A 2.0 92.5 A 1.1 90.0 A 1.1
Not familiar with any type of IP 4.4 A 0.8 8.5 A 1.0 6.9 A 1.0 8.5 A 1.0 23.0 A 1.6 78.7 D 7.9 67.6 C 6.3 93.4 A 2.4 86.2 B 4.7 85.1 B 2.8
Procurement Did business with Federal government 7.5 A 1.5 14.4 A 1.8 10.0 A 1.6 15.0 A 2.0 34.9 B 2.6 79.2 D 9.1 89.6 B 3.4 94.8 B 2.9 100.0 A 0.0 96.2 A 1.4
<30 years old 3.9 A 2.5 27.1 C 6.0 8.1 A 2.2 20.8 B 4.2 47.6 C 6.1 92.8 C 6.9 85.0 D 7.6 97.6 A 2.4 93.6 C 5.5 92.7 B 4.1
30 to 39 years old 3.1 A 0.6 13.9 A 1.5 7.8 A 1.1 13.6 A 1.4 30.1 A 2.0 94.3 B 3.1 74.7 C 5.4 87.7 B 4.1 88.0 B 2.6 89.5 A 2.0
40 to 49 years old 4.1 A 0.6 14.3 A 1.2 6.6 A 0.7 11.6 A 1.0 28.2 A 1.5 82.7 C 7.4 73.3 B 4.4 93.2 A 2.1 88.7 B 3.1 83.9 B 2.6
50 to 64 years old 4.3 A 0.5 9.9 A 0.7 6.4 A 0.6 9.0 A 0.7 23.2 A 1.0 83.8 B 4.5 81.3 B 3.0 90.4 B 2.7 94.0 A 1.5 91.4 A 1.2
65+ years old 3.3 A 1.0 8.5 A 1.4 5.6 A 1.1 7.1 A 1.4 20.9 A 2.1 96.8 A 2.1 81.7 C 5.5 93.2 B 3.3 93.3 B 4.4 92.7 A 2.2
Less than high school 3.3 A 0.9 8.9 A 1.5 11.8 A 2.2 8.8 A 1.6 27.8 B 2.8 91.7 C 5.9 82.5 C 5.4 90.6 B 4.3 81.3 C 7.3 87.0 B 3.2
High school 3.5 A 0.6 11.4 A 1.2 8.0 A 0.9 9.6 A 1.0 24.9 A 1.5 83.8 D 8.4 71.5 C 5.7 95.8 A 1.5 87.1 B 3.7 87.2 B 2.7
College/Cegep/Trade School 4.2 A 0.6 11.9 A 1.0 6.7 A 0.7 10.4 A 0.9 26.4 A 1.3 89.8 B 3.4 76.7 B 3.9 90.1 B 3.0 93.0 A 1.7 91.1 A 1.5
Bachelor's degree 4.1 A 0.6 12.5 A 1.1 5.3 A 0.6 11.5 A 1.0 26.3 A 1.4 89.2 B 4.7 81.6 B 3.3 87.8 B 4.7 94.8 A 1.4 90.9 A 1.6
Master's degree or above 4.2 A 1.0 11.9 A 1.5 3.9 A 0.7 9.8 A 1.3 22.8 A 1.9 75.4 E 11.1 81.7 B 4.7 87.7 B 4.6 91.0 B 3.4 86.1 B 3.2
In Canada 4.0 A 0.3 12.2 A 0.6 7.2 A 0.4 9.5 A 0.5 25.7 A 0.8 85.4 B 3.8 80.8 A 2.2 92.7 A 1.5 92.0 A 1.5 90.1 A 1.1
Outside Canada 3.7 A 0.7 10.3 A 1.1 4.6 A 0.7 12.7 A 1.2 25.1 A 1.5 88.6 B 4.5 67.5 C 5.6 83.4 C 5.5 89.7 A 2.2 86.2 A 2.1
0% 3.3 A 0.4 11.0 A 0.7 5.9 A 0.5 10.3 A 0.7 24.7 A 1.0 78.0 C 5.9 77.6 B 3.0 91.0 A 2.4 91.1 A 1.5 88.6 A 1.4
1% to 49% 8.3 A 1.6 14.3 A 2.0 8.4 A 1.1 9.7 A 1.4 30.7 A 2.3 97.8 A 1.2 81.6 C 6.5 92.3 B 3.0 88.4 C 7.0 89.2 B 3.3
50% 4.8 A 0.7 11.5 A 1.0 8.3 A 0.9 10.0 A 0.9 26.5 A 1.4 88.1 B 4.4 79.0 B 3.9 92.7 B 2.7 89.4 B 2.9 88.4 A 2.0
51% to 99% 7.0 B 3.6 20.1 C 5.0 6.3 A 2.1 20.6 B 4.7 35.5 C 5.4 98.5 A 1.7 69.4 E 14.8 98.7 A 1.4 100.0 A 0.0 98.4 A 1.1
100% 1.5 A 0.4 11.2 A 1.6 5.3 A 1.1 9.1 A 1.2 21.6 A 2.0 88.2 E 10.9 76.7 C 6.2 84.3 C 6.5 94.1 B 2.6 90.4 A 2.5
Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
20.0 B 4.8 75.3 B 3.9 24.6 B 4.2 37.0 B 4.6 100.0 A 0.0 35.2 E 14.2 7.2 B 3.1 36.3 E 10.1 26.9 C 6.9 28.6 B 4.9
Co-operatives Co-operatives 9.5 A 1.0 15.0 A 1.4 14.3 A 1.3 11.5 A 1.2 38.1 A 1.8 94.6 B 4.4 90.6 B 2.5 97.2 A 1.1 93.2 B 2.7 95.0 A 1.5
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 5.5 A 1.1 19.6 A 1.8 11.5 A 1.5 14.4 A 1.4 37.6 A 2.1 83.8 C 6.4 87.4 B 3.4 90.7 B 3.3 93.8 B 2.5 91.9 A 1.7
Not-for-profit 6.0 A 0.6 8.7 A 0.9 2.2 A 0.3 13.8 A 1.0 26.6 A 1.3 92.0 B 2.7 92.6 A 1.8 100.0 A 0.0 96.1 A 1.5 95.4 A 1.0
Charity 9.8 A 1.3 9.7 A 1.4 2.9 A 0.4 13.2 A 1.1 28.7 A 1.7 95.6 A 0.8 90.6 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 96.8 A 0.6
For-profit 2.9 A 0.9 12.6 A 2.2 9.7 A 2.1 15.7 B 2.7 30.9 B 3.3 62.4 F 15.9 76.4 C 6.8 93.6 B 3.5 93.2 B 3.0 88.3 B 3.2
4.0 A 0.3 12.0 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.4 10.7 A 0.5 26.2 A 0.8 84.8 B 3.5 76.3 A 2.3 91.1 A 1.7 90.7 A 1.4 88.6 A 1.1
3.7 A 0.7 9.7 A 1.3 5.7 A 0.8 7.8 A 1.2 21.6 A 1.7 95.7 A 2.2 90.7 B 2.7 91.5 B 3.3 96.7 A 1.6 93.7 A 1.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
… not applicable
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 4: Debt Financing by Instrument TypeSurvey question(s):
C.1. In 2017, did your business request a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage?
C.7. In 2017, did your business request a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit?
C.12. In 2017, did your business request a term loan?
C.18. In 2017, did your business request a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?
C.3. What was the outcome of this mortgage request?
C.9. What was the outcome of this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit request?
C.14. What was the outcome of this term loan request?
C.20. What was the outcome of this request for a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?
Notes:
C.1, C.7, C.12 and C.18 are applicable to all respondents.
C.3 is applicable only to those that requeseted a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage in 2017.
C.9 is applicable only to those that requested a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit in 2017.
C.14 is applicable only to those that requested a term loan in 2017.
C.20 is applicable only to those that requested a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card in 2017.
* Overall pproval rates include both full and partial approvals
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
OverallCredit card
Type of debt financing
Employment Size
Credit card
Overall approval rate*Request rate
Type of debt financing
Overall Non-residential
mortgage Line of credit Term loanTerm loan
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Location
Export Status
Region
Construction (NAICS 23)
Non-residential
mortgage Line of credit
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social
Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
GrowthMedium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Social Enterprises
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
$ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV % Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV % Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV % Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV % Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV % Qualit
y
CV
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 25,235,967,348 C 11.5
23,336,196,152 C 12.2
913,938 B 10.0
845,136 C 11.0
92.5A 2.2
13,941,978,400 C 10.0
12,923,761,055 C 10.5
297,213 B 9.3
275,507 B 9.8
92.7A 2.5
20,181,978,522 C 10.3
18,825,763,347 C 11.0
251,622 B 9.8
234,713 C 10.5
93.3A 1.2
1,531,064,469 B 7.9
1,439,681,810 B 8.1
20,656 B 6.7
19,423 B 6.9
94.0A 1.1
60,890,988,738 B 6.6
56,525,402,365 B 7.0
335,305 B 6.3
311,265 B 6.7
92.8A 1.3
1 to 4 employees 6,932,461,280 D 20.6
6,343,116,895 D 22.0
649,752 D 16.4
594,515 D 18.7
91.5A 4.5
2,333,424,212 D 21.1
2,177,290,851 D 22.3
145,021 D 18.1
135,317 D 19.4
93.3A 3.7
2,619,753,807 C 14.2
2,157,150,405 D 16.4
74,166 C 12.7
61,070 D 15.3
82.3A 4.7
498,950,566 C 13.2
447,934,200 C 13.4
14,871 C 10.8
13,351 C 10.9
89.8A 2.7
12,384,589,866 C 12.7
11,125,492,350 C 13.7
161,657 C 12.1
145,222 C 13.2
89.8A 3.0
5 to 19 employees 7,837,789,604 D 18.8
7,115,850,386 D 20.3
716,486 D 15.4
650,490 D 17.6
90.8A 3.6
5,011,035,690 D 19.9
4,552,346,626 D 21.6
237,148 D 18.5
215,441 D 20.2
90.8A 3.9
7,134,382,739 D 22.3
6,500,844,198 D 24.3
231,474 D 20.4
210,919 D 22.5
91.1A 2.9
603,730,024 C 12.5
570,652,461 C 13.0
21,114 B 9.6
19,957 C 10.1
94.5A 1.7
20,586,938,057 C 12.0
18,739,693,671 C 12.9
282,440 C 11.0
257,097 C 12.0
91.0A 2.0
20 to 99 employees 8,452,354,654 D 24.2
7,931,890,709 E 25.4
1,592,767 D 22.5
1,494,690 D 23.5
93.8A 4.0
3,921,693,204 D 18.9
3,595,479,026 D 19.2
495,653 D 16.6
454,423 D 16.8
91.7B 7.1
7,097,972,312 D 17.4
6,877,474,039 D 17.9
572,185 D 15.8
554,410 D 16.2
96.9A 1.1
320,241,021 D 20.9
314,143,333 D 21.3
32,187 D 18.4
31,574 D 18.8
98.1A 0.9
19,792,261,191 C 13.8
18,718,987,108 C 14.2
726,878 C 12.5
687,461 C 12.8
94.6A 2.9
100 to 499 employees 2,013,361,809 D 17.8
1,945,338,162 D 18.2
2,888,475 C 15.0
2,790,884 D 15.4
96.6A 2.5
2,675,825,293 D 15.5
2,598,644,552 D 15.7
1,506,543 C 14.1
1,463,089 C 14.3
97.1A 2.3
3,329,869,664 C 11.9
3,290,294,705 C 12.0
2,008,241 C 10.5
1,984,373 C 10.6
98.8A 0.5
108,142,859 C 13.8
106,951,817 C 13.8
53,353 C 13.6
52,765 C 13.7
98.9A 1.0
8,127,199,625 B 9.1
7,941,229,236 B 9.3
1,668,855 B 9.7
1,630,667 B 9.8
97.7A 1.1
Atlantic 981,517,349 E 30.5
978,486,849 E 30.6
1,298,696 D 21.3
1,294,686 D 21.4
99.7A 0.2
847,816,363 D 20.8
801,846,764 D 20.7
222,009 D 18.5
209,971 D 18.6
94.6A 2.9
847,382,938 D 17.9
797,070,994 D 18.7
165,618 D 17.9
155,785 D 18.8
94.1A 2.4
88,012,081 D 20.9
84,480,126 D 21.8
19,423 D 16.7
18,644 D 18.0
96.0A 2.6
2,764,728,732 D 16.1
2,661,884,734 D 16.5
239,327 D 15.8
230,425 D 16.3
96.3A 1.3
Quebec 7,118,868,143 D 17.6
6,810,747,532 D 18.2
760,904 D 15.3
727,970 D 16.4
95.7A 2.8
4,837,854,226 D 20.5
4,732,484,805 D 20.9
363,944 D 18.6
356,017 D 18.9
97.8A 1.5
6,403,667,290 D 23.3
6,154,379,384 D 24.1
281,841 D 22.2
270,869 D 23.0
96.1A 1.7
288,103,773 C 12.9
284,408,099 C 13.0
16,099 B 10.0
15,892 C 10.1
98.7A 0.5
18,648,493,434 C 12.3
17,982,019,820 C 12.7
380,563 C 11.8
366,962 C 12.2
96.4A 1.3
Ontario 6,890,257,243 C 14.6
6,079,133,011 D 15.6
878,762 C 13.5
775,314 D 16.1
88.2A 4.8
3,990,552,988 D 18.5
3,662,130,111 D 19.8
312,264 D 18.3
286,565 D 19.6
91.8A 4.3
6,896,379,858 D 15.1
6,282,006,685 D 16.5
267,282 C 14.6
243,470 D 16.2
91.1A 2.4
540,050,232 C 12.5
492,500,223 C 12.4
21,402 C 10.2
19,517 C 10.1
91.2A 2.5
18,317,240,321 B 9.3
16,515,770,030 B 9.9
315,218 B 9.0
284,217 B 9.8
90.2A 2.4
Northern Ontario 270,159,557 F 47.2
185,735,391 F 49.6
772,197 F 35.5
530,887 F 43.6
68.8D 19.4
377,676,224 E 31.4
334,493,072 E 34.5
310,123 E 27.4
274,663 E 33.3
88.6B 8.0
312,510,506 D 24.9
200,732,410 D 17.9
200,679 D 17.4
128,901 D 20.5
64.2D 23.0
23,127,073 D 22.1
20,415,220 D 22.2
16,669 C 12.5
14,714 C 14.2
88.3C 10.6
983,473,361 D 22.0
741,376,093 D 21.3
327,875 D 18.7
247,163 D 20.5
75.4C 13.2
Southern Ontario 6,620,097,686 D 15.1
5,893,397,620 D 16.0
883,739 C 14.0
786,729 D 16.6
89.0A 4.8
3,612,876,764 D 20.2
3,327,637,039 D 21.5
312,490 D 20.0
287,818 D 21.3
92.1A 4.6
6,583,869,352 D 15.8
6,081,274,275 D 17.0
271,560 D 15.3
250,829 D 16.7
92.4A 2.1
516,923,159 C 13.0
472,085,003 C 12.9
21,677 C 10.6
19,797 C 10.5
91.3A 2.6
17,333,766,960 B 9.7
15,774,393,936 C 10.3
314,529 B 9.4
286,234 C 10.2
91.0A 2.4
Prairies 5,658,005,601 F 36.1
5,437,372,343 F 37.4
1,305,862 E 30.3
1,254,940 E 31.5
96.1A 3.0
2,297,359,367 D 18.1
2,090,957,910 D 19.4
207,811 D 16.3
189,140 D 17.6
91.0A 4.2
3,596,800,738 D 19.9
3,391,018,622 D 21.1
245,530 D 18.5
231,482 D 19.6
94.3A 1.8
294,449,965 D 16.4
269,934,634 D 17.6
21,624 C 13.5
19,824 C 14.8
91.7A 2.9
11,846,615,672 D 19.3
11,189,283,509 D 20.2
331,768 D 18.6
313,359 D 19.5
94.5A 1.8
Manitoba 1,508,648,206 F 62.1
1,371,240,167 F 67.3
1,209,462 F 46.8
1,099,304 F 51.7
90.9C 10.9
282,670,885 D 24.5
248,227,089 D 24.9
127,973 D 23.3
112,379 E 26.4
87.8B 7.9
449,059,719 F 43.0
416,398,576 F 46.2
232,274 F 43.1
215,381 F 46.8
92.7A 4.7
47,774,611 D 23.7
37,477,537 D 21.7
17,417 D 18.6
13,663 D 18.3
78.4C 10.3
2,288,153,420 F 43.2
2,073,343,369 F 45.8
352,448 F 40.7
319,361 F 43.3
90.6B 6.8
Saskatchewan 338,115,844 E 34.9
274,588,347 F 36.8
334,899 D 23.2
271,976 E 26.1
81.2D 17.7
663,779,181 E 33.7
642,624,480 E 34.7
232,717 D 23.4
225,300 D 24.5
96.8A 2.1
499,554,642 E 28.1
450,903,814 E 29.8
173,054 D 22.9
156,200 D 24.9
90.3B 5.6
69,064,674 E 34.7
64,610,877 F 36.8
27,593 E 31.2
25,813 E 33.3
93.6A 4.9
1,570,514,341 D 20.6
1,432,727,518 D 21.8
224,777 D 17.0
205,056 D 18.4
91.2A 4.5
Alberta 3,811,241,552 F 47.6
3,791,543,829 F 47.8
1,836,038 F 40.8
1,826,548 F 41.0
99.5A 0.6
1,350,909,301 E 25.6
1,200,106,341 E 27.9
225,380 D 24.2
200,221 E 26.3
88.8B 6.9
2,648,186,378 E 25.5
2,523,716,233 E 26.7
269,422 D 23.7
256,759 D 24.9
95.3A 2.0
177,610,681 D 22.7
167,846,221 D 24.0
21,219 D 18.1
20,052 D 19.4
94.5A 2.8
7,987,947,911 E 25.5
7,683,212,623 E 26.5
359,358 D 24.7
345,649 E 25.6
96.2A 1.5
British Columbia and Territories 4,587,319,012 E 27.6
4,030,456,417 E 30.2
861,123 D 22.1
756,590 E 25.2
87.9B 7.5
1,968,395,455 D 23.5
1,636,341,465 D 22.9
330,111 D 21.5
274,424 D 21.0
83.1C 14.3
2,437,747,697 E 28.0
2,201,287,662 E 30.8
204,526 E 25.8
184,687 E 29.1
90.3A 4.4
320,448,416 D 24.3
308,358,728 E 25.2
24,950 D 21.0
24,009 D 22.0
96.2A 1.8
9,313,910,579 D 17.4
8,176,444,272 D 18.3
342,083 D 16.1
300,306 D 17.0
87.8B 6.4
St. John's 23,283,152 F 54.9
23,283,152 F 54.9
1,221,486 A 0.0
1,221,486 A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
44,197,064 F 96.3
44,197,064 F 96.3
140,032 A 0.0
140,032 A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
68,825,582 F 39.3
65,158,026 F 40.3
132,869 F 55.5
125,789 F 56.5
94.7B 5.4
4,781,812 F 77.8
4,781,812 F 77.8
30,772 F 35.7
30,772 F 35.7
100.0A 0.0
141,087,610 F 45.4
137,420,054 F 46.3
252,842 E 31.5
246,270 E 31.9
97.4A 2.7
Halifax 349,755,015 F 62.3
349,755,015 F 62.3
1,756,103 D 17.1
1,756,103 D 17.1
100.0A 0.0
123,067,246 F 38.9
117,863,365 F 40.1
341,958 D 24.9
327,498 E 28.6
95.8A 4.3
83,522,480 F 49.3
79,282,845 F 51.6
79,038 F 42.7
75,026 F 45.3
94.9A 4.4
21,033,294 F 39.2
18,960,213 F 42.4
20,033 D 24.6
18,058 E 33.1
90.1B 9.7
577,378,034 F 43.6
565,861,438 F 44.4
257,286 F 42.4
252,154 F 43.4
98.0A 1.4
Quebec 814,811,950 F 58.7
814,811,950 F 58.7
991,000 E 33.6
991,000 E 33.6
100.0A 0.0
225,362,665 F 36.4
225,362,665 F 36.4
207,650 E 29.7
207,650 E 29.7
100.0A 0.0
505,492,215 F 52.7
496,366,485 F 53.6
465,665 F 48.0
457,259 F 49.0
98.2A 1.7
26,020,608 F 44.0
25,703,827 F 44.6
23,050 E 25.4
22,769 E 26.0
98.8A 1.3
1,571,687,437 F 37.6
1,562,244,926 F 37.8
525,507 E 33.0
522,349 E 33.3
99.4A 0.5
Montreal 1,539,311,245 E 30.7
1,378,608,110 E 32.5
644,569 E 26.7
577,276 E 28.3
89.6C 10.7
1,084,284,672 E 26.9
1,052,125,331 E 27.6
290,864 E 26.1
282,237 E 26.8
97.0A 2.8
3,444,552,885 E 27.8
3,231,334,336 E 29.1
269,385 E 28.2
252,710 E 29.6
93.8A 3.1
154,900,986 D 17.1
153,647,770 D 17.2
17,817 C 11.8
17,673 C 11.9
99.2A 0.4
6,223,049,788 D 18.6
5,815,715,547 D 19.5
297,998 D 18.0
278,493 D 19.0
93.5A 3.2
Ottawa-Gatineau 214,208,030 F 58.5
205,091,514 F 61.1
969,871 F 38.0
928,594 F 39.6
95.7A 3.5
127,302,124 E 25.8
114,269,854 E 28.1
186,535 D 21.3
167,439 D 23.1
89.8B 6.3
227,685,961 D 19.8
202,876,881 D 21.4
84,086 E 28.9
74,924 E 30.4
89.1B 5.9
32,649,770 E 34.1
31,674,167 F 35.1
15,454 E 30.6
14,992 E 31.4
97.0A 1.9
601,845,884 E 25.7
553,912,416 E 27.8
122,538 E 29.1
112,779 E 31.0
92.0A 3.4
Toronto 2,398,438,869 E 32.1
2,120,830,256 E 34.4
951,022 E 32.6
840,946 F 39.2
88.4C 11.1
2,002,297,276 E 33.1
1,854,958,042 F 35.3
510,358 E 32.9
472,803 E 34.8
92.6B 7.2
3,914,994,485 D 24.2
3,615,402,547 E 26.1
324,380 D 22.5
299,557 D 24.9
92.3A 3.1
273,102,334 D 19.6
246,245,900 D 20.9
25,424 C 14.8
22,924 D 16.3
90.2A 3.5
8,588,832,963 D 16.9
7,837,436,745 D 18.1
359,051 D 15.8
327,639 D 17.4
91.3A 3.8
Kingston 20,995,228 F 42.5
20,629,484 F 43.2
387,570 D 21.0
380,818 D 21.3
98.3A 1.5
17,788,322 F 43.0
17,594,668 F 43.5
115,266 E 29.6
114,011 E 30.2
98.9A 1.2
26,361,055 F 63.1
19,813,529 F 79.4
106,299 F 56.8
79,897 F 70.8
75.2E 28.4
9,757,545 F 52.9
8,918,460 F 57.2
22,400 F 42.4
20,474 F 46.5
91.4B 9.3
74,902,150 E 27.2
66,956,141 E 29.3
91,451 E 25.7
81,749 E 27.3
89.4B 8.0
Hamilton 217,824,284 F 63.2
217,824,284 F 63.2
702,586 F 65.5
702,586 F 65.5
100.0A 0.0
114,501,895 F 38.5
89,935,953 F 43.7
139,670 E 25.3
109,704 D 18.7
78.5D 19.9
167,426,910 E 26.4
133,314,978 E 29.4
130,256 E 34.1
103,717 E 34.9
79.6C 14.1
71,777,448 F 50.0
59,312,653 F 45.5
34,686 F 39.3
28,662 E 32.6
82.6C 10.7
571,530,537 E 27.6
500,387,868 E 30.0
145,327 E 27.6
127,237 E 29.7
87.6B 8.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 151,958,542 F 47.6
109,129,117 F 53.6
292,282 E 33.2
209,903 F 63.2
71.8E 31.8
110,178,002 F 66.4
110,178,002 F 66.4
342,232 F 53.4
342,232 F 53.4
100.0A 0.0
166,542,079 F 37.5
156,942,176 F 38.3
291,191 F 38.5
274,406 F 39.1
94.2A 4.2
11,218,508 F 37.5
9,742,321 F 36.9
24,172 E 31.3
20,992 E 32.1
86.8C 11.2
439,897,132 E 33.4
385,991,616 F 36.0
297,259 E 29.6
260,833 F 37.0
87.7C 10.6
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 232,144,359 F 61.6
232,144,359 F 61.6
811,243 F 51.8
811,243 F 51.8
100.0A 0.0
179,733,668 F 57.2
179,733,668 F 57.2
301,135 F 56.4
301,135 F 56.4
100.0A 0.0
374,685,029 F 40.0
327,645,004 F 44.0
396,083 F 45.0
346,356 F 50.9
87.4C 12.5
19,129,543 F 36.7
18,175,526 F 37.1
20,215 E 33.3
19,207 E 34.4
95.0A 4.5
805,692,598 E 35.0
757,698,557 F 36.8
380,472 F 35.4
357,808 F 37.8
94.0B 5.6
London 433,467,534 F 70.1
417,047,088 F 72.8
1,346,758 F 57.7
1,295,740 F 60.1
96.2A 3.7
155,730,655 F 58.3
154,667,264 F 58.7
194,867 F 61.6
193,536 F 62.0
99.3A 0.8
148,516,483 F 71.6
147,746,954 F 72.0
500,447 F 64.0
497,854 F 64.5
99.5A 0.6
9,194,661 F 37.1
9,194,661 F 37.1
13,600 E 33.0
13,600 E 33.0
100.0A 0.0
746,909,333 F 43.1
728,655,966 F 44.1
428,971 F 42.6
418,487 F 43.5
97.6A 1.8
Windsor 329,707,439 F 53.1
205,106,978 F 72.6
1,887,250 D 16.3
1,174,035 E 26.4
62.2F 37.6
220,232,761 F 94.6
220,232,761 F 94.6
1,124,578 F 108.7
1,124,578 F 108.7
100.0A 0.0
77,583,003 E 32.7
74,075,658 E 34.2
108,254 E 31.2
103,360 E 32.5
95.5A 3.6
6,098,482 F 49.7
6,098,482 F 49.7
11,500 D 22.5
11,500 D 22.5
100.0A 0.0
633,621,685 F 43.1
505,513,879 F 50.9
443,422 F 42.9
353,770 F 49.8
79.8D 17.1
Thunder Bay 37,290,796 F 44.6
32,325,210 F 49.3
290,235 D 21.9
251,588 E 31.7
86.7C 14.5
30,293,644 F 37.2
25,328,057 F 40.1
153,641 D 21.6
128,457 E 25.2
83.6D 17.3
58,970,365 E 28.1
51,006,836 E 30.6
142,679 D 17.2
123,411 D 22.2
86.5C 10.3
1,848,258 F 43.5
1,699,291 F 45.5
15,454 F 42.0
14,209 F 46.1
91.9B 8.2
128,403,063 E 25.2
110,359,394 E 26.0
212,384 D 17.5
182,539 D 19.2
85.9C 12.2
Winnipeg 1,088,685,531 F 84.3
1,088,685,531 F 84.3
1,779,065 F 49.4
1,779,065 F 49.4
100.0A 0.0
149,388,414 E 34.7
125,051,555 F 38.6
178,885 F 39.2
149,743 F 51.3
83.7C 14.8
146,007,439 F 39.4
125,360,277 F 45.3
161,057 F 42.3
138,282 F 49.3
85.9B 9.0
24,058,689 E 26.0
21,106,126 E 28.4
11,783 D 21.3
10,337 D 24.5
87.7B 8.4
1,408,140,073 F 65.4
1,360,203,488 F 67.7
360,091 F 61.2
347,833 F 63.6
96.6A 2.8
Calgary 615,100,113 F 49.3
615,100,113 F 49.3
2,932,605 E 30.2
2,932,605 E 30.2
100.0A 0.0
316,301,375 F 85.5
310,687,378 F 87.0
482,769 F 86.4
474,200 F 87.9
98.2A 2.1
936,232,919 F 45.6
828,223,499 F 51.2
255,207 F 44.9
225,764 F 50.4
88.5B 7.2
63,859,159 E 32.8
60,855,446 E 34.3
22,811 E 27.4
21,738 E 29.0
95.3A 3.0
1,931,493,566 E 32.2
1,814,866,436 E 33.6
334,998 E 32.4
314,771 E 33.7
94.0A 2.4
Edmonton 134,741,376 F 93.6
134,741,376 F 93.6
1,191,532 D 23.9
1,191,532 D 23.9
100.0A 0.0
229,086,574 F 40.3
184,185,099 F 44.1
169,565 E 28.9
136,330 E 30.4
80.4D 21.0
602,884,300 F 63.0
598,426,063 F 63.4
267,513 F 58.4
265,534 F 58.8
99.3A 0.6
57,294,538 F 52.8
54,720,144 F 55.3
20,639 F 43.4
19,711 F 45.9
95.5A 3.5
1,024,006,787 F 40.4
972,072,682 F 42.3
183,606 F 37.3
174,294 F 39.1
94.9A 4.8
Vancouver 1,744,860,070 F 42.5
1,589,173,082 F 45.9
836,821 F 35.4
762,154 F 41.6
91.1B 7.3
778,078,177 E 34.7
727,830,517 F 36.7
292,114 E 34.1
273,249 F 37.8
93.5B 6.0
1,585,284,007 F 36.5
1,436,061,381 F 40.0
229,156 E 34.1
207,586 F 38.3
90.6B 5.8
226,567,073 E 33.0
218,437,397 E 34.1
29,723 E 28.2
28,657 E 29.5
96.4A 2.3
4,334,789,327 D 22.9
3,971,502,376 D 24.7
311,434 D 20.8
285,333 D 23.1
91.6A 3.8
Victoria 102,798,049 F 84.9
102,798,049 F 84.9
819,449 E 29.8
819,449 E 29.8
100.0A 0.0
103,546,216 F 84.5
103,546,216 F 84.5
410,327 F 79.8
410,327 F 79.8
100.0A 0.0
43,010,442 F 61.5
37,198,043 F 67.7
63,807 D 23.9
55,185 F 35.3
86.5C 13.1
10,539,869 F 57.7
10,539,869 F 57.7
14,654 E 29.9
14,654 E 29.9
100.0A 0.0
259,894,576 F 49.4
254,082,176 F 50.4
180,208 F 46.3
176,178 F 47.7
97.8A 2.1
7,554,177,258 E 26.0
7,390,920,000 E 26.5
1,334,546 D 20.8
1,305,704 D 21.3
97.8A 1.5
2,947,832,405 D 24.9
2,912,449,609 E 25.2
369,349 D 21.5
364,915 D 21.8
98.8A 0.8
1,913,952,656 D 22.5
1,824,311,950 D 23.4
278,175 D 21.3
265,147 D 22.6
95.3A 2.5
73,597,088 E 33.6
73,597,088 E 33.6
29,907 E 31.7
29,907 E 31.7
100.0A 0.0
12,489,559,407 D 17.9
12,201,278,647 D 18.2
741,453 D 16.1
724,339 D 16.4
97.7A 1.0
1,746,436,038 F 45.0
1,567,115,841 F 49.5
660,705 F 40.9
592,865 F 47.6
89.7B 8.5
1,496,501,021 E 29.7
1,466,988,203 E 30.3
192,302 D 24.8
188,509 E 25.3
98.0A 1.2
2,291,211,647 D 24.6
2,036,792,652 E 27.3
192,006 D 22.2
170,685 E 25.3
88.9A 4.8
279,632,499 D 24.1
264,058,693 E 25.4
17,895 D 21.8
16,899 D 23.3
94.4A 2.4
5,813,781,205 D 18.2
5,334,955,389 D 19.7
176,091 D 17.3
161,588 D 18.9
91.8A 3.1
2,026,417,444 D 22.3
1,908,401,793 D 23.2
1,233,547 D 18.2
1,161,707 D 19.1
94.2A 3.9
1,659,575,886 D 19.9
1,554,783,281 D 20.7
535,962 D 20.2
502,119 D 21.1
93.7A 4.6
3,169,277,177 D 17.7
3,074,581,079 D 18.2
533,757 D 17.3
517,809 D 17.8
97.0A 1.1
108,084,323 D 15.2
99,845,549 D 15.3
20,311 C 12.2
18,763 C 12.0
92.4A 2.8
6,963,354,831 C 12.3
6,637,611,701 C 12.8
584,148 C 12.2
556,822 C 12.6
95.3A 1.7
1,453,151,521 E 26.7
1,154,999,556 E 27.5
1,097,412 D 17.9
872,250 D 23.2
79.5D 15.1
1,725,334,099 F 36.9
1,490,294,569 F 41.7
639,210 E 30.9
552,131 F 35.7
86.4C 10.4
2,610,012,606 D 16.2
2,476,656,779 D 16.1
649,157 C 14.3
615,989 C 14.6
94.9A 2.8
141,643,554 D 18.2
135,920,071 D 18.5
28,584 D 15.4
27,429 D 15.7
96.0A 2.6
5,930,141,780 D 16.0
5,257,870,976 D 16.8
541,965 D 15.0
480,525 D 15.9
88.7A 4.8
3,174,361,865 E 29.1
3,043,418,323 E 30.3
1,026,759 D 21.3
984,404 D 22.2
95.9A 2.9
1,409,022,395 E 25.4
1,341,982,802 E 26.5
236,437 D 21.7
225,188 D 23.4
95.2A 3.4
4,231,820,463 F 36.5
3,961,957,014 F 38.9
340,788 E 34.4
319,056 F 36.9
93.6A 3.1
183,891,038 D 21.1
173,610,813 D 22.3
19,641 D 17.7
18,543 D 19.0
94.4A 3.1
8,999,095,762 D 20.3
8,520,968,952 D 21.4
375,285 D 19.1
355,345 D 20.3
94.7A 2.0
730,896,994 E 31.8
682,631,978 E 32.4
446,235 D 22.4
416,767 D 24.0
93.4A 3.6
1,234,194,363 E 25.7
1,189,984,647 E 26.7
293,932 E 25.4
283,403 E 26.3
96.4A 1.6
590,557,433 E 33.1
487,342,354 F 39.6
160,377 E 33.5
132,347 F 40.6
82.5B 9.1
106,137,215 D 21.0
94,964,678 D 22.6
20,395 D 18.5
18,248 D 20.3
89.5B 5.1
2,661,786,006 D 18.8
2,454,923,657 D 19.5
222,540 D 18.4
205,245 D 19.3
92.2A 1.9
407,303,826 F 42.1
286,148,185 F 38.5
281,366 C 14.6
197,672 E 34.0
70.3D 23.3
525,650,790 D 24.6
516,815,395 D 24.9
196,036 D 22.0
192,741 D 22.5
98.3A 1.7
1,786,539,855 E 31.6
1,639,447,561 E 33.9
204,752 E 29.9
187,894 E 32.4
91.8A 4.1
177,214,880 D 23.2
161,880,704 D 20.7
21,130 D 19.0
19,302 D 15.8
91.3B 5.4
2,896,709,351 D 21.1
2,604,291,844 D 22.7
175,330 D 20.0
157,631 D 22.0
89.9A 4.5
1,886,263,027 F 39.1
1,589,017,408 F 43.3
1,260,536 F 37.2
1,061,895 F 41.8
84.2D 15.7
1,042,271,582 F 36.1
706,758,923 F 36.6
275,115 F 35.9
186,554 F 36.9
67.8E 28.4
230,182,496 E 28.3
173,782,866 F 35.3
54,114 E 25.1
40,855 E 33.1
75.5C 11.9
51,377,132 D 15.9
46,702,811 D 17.1
10,170 C 10.6
9,245 C 12.0
90.9A 3.6
3,210,094,236 E 28.3
2,516,262,008 E 29.2
256,012 E 28.1
200,678 E 29.1
78.4D 17.9
1,149,868,506 E 31.7
1,127,490,826 E 32.3
472,914 E 25.2
463,710 E 25.7
98.1A 1.8
400,354,260 F 52.9
380,681,086 F 55.6
144,902 F 53.3
137,781 F 56.0
95.1A 3.8
301,880,851 D 22.0
251,958,603 E 25.3
58,191 D 20.7
48,568 D 24.0
83.5B 7.1
128,026,866 D 19.7
112,488,619 D 19.2
19,615 D 16.8
17,235 D 16.3
87.9B 5.6
1,980,130,483 D 23.0
1,872,619,135 D 24.2
153,716 D 22.0
145,370 D 23.3
94.6A 2.1
5,107,090,868 E 27.7
4,586,052,243 E 30.1
818,883 D 24.1
735,338 E 27.5
89.8B 6.4
1,501,241,599 E 34.3
1,363,022,540 F 37.2
251,927 E 32.3
228,732 F 35.5
90.8B 6.3
3,056,543,337 D 24.8
2,898,932,489 E 26.0
178,028 D 22.2
168,848 D 23.6
94.8A 3.1
281,459,874 D 22.9
276,612,784 D 23.3
25,074 D 16.8
24,642 D 17.2
98.3A 0.8
9,946,335,677 D 18.7
9,124,620,056 D 19.9
320,919 D 17.3
294,406 D 18.8
91.7A 3.7
Tourism 2,156,636,930 E 34.6
1,854,059,981 F 37.6
991,256 E 33.1
852,182 F 36.2
86.0C 13.5
1,155,024,934 E 33.4
814,311,351 E 33.5
292,024 E 33.1
205,882 E 33.8
70.5E 25.4
512,880,736 F 36.4
456,446,308 F 40.7
78,654 E 32.2
69,999 F 36.4
89.0B 5.7
98,115,522 E 30.0
94,101,777 E 31.2
14,392 D 22.0
13,803 D 23.3
95.9A 1.9
3,922,658,122 D 24.0
3,218,919,417 D 24.1
236,055 D 23.7
193,706 D 23.7
82.1C 14.3
Information and 95,428,659 F 72.5
95,428,659 F 72.5
209,251 A 4.8
209,251 A 4.8
100.0A 0.0
175,141,597 E 33.2
172,319,475 E 33.6
177,840 D 21.9
174,975 D 22.3
98.4A 1.7
1,400,677,091 F 76.6
1,361,450,206 F 78.7
740,975 F 60.3
720,224 F 62.6
97.2A 2.8
34,648,767 D 23.7
29,142,171 E 26.7
13,780 D 16.2
11,590 D 20.4
84.1B 8.6
1,705,896,113 F 63.3
1,658,340,511 F 65.1
358,615 F 57.2
348,618 F 59.0
97.2A 2.3
Knowledge-Based Industries 529,976,320 F 43.8
410,314,372 F 46.5
593,749 F 43.6
459,688 F 62.9
77.4D 19.6
267,791,049 F 41.1
266,627,937 F 41.2
290,735 F 36.7
289,472 F 36.8
99.6A 0.5
321,243,906 F 36.7
304,059,180 F 38.5
184,622 F 44.6
174,746 F 48.2
94.7A 4.4
42,539,084 F 41.8
41,587,590 F 42.7
24,460 F 36.8
23,913 F 37.7
97.8A 2.3
1,161,550,360 E 29.1
1,022,589,079 E 30.5
283,831 E 28.9
249,875 E 33.2
88.0B 9.0
Rural 7,499,389,759 D 23.7
7,011,622,451 E 25.1
842,510 D 20.8
787,712 D 22.4
93.5A 2.9
4,667,651,621 D 18.9
4,486,445,198 D 19.5
280,684 D 16.5
269,788 D 17.1
96.1A 2.0
3,302,701,457 D 16.0
3,179,117,576 D 16.6
222,618 C 14.6
214,288 D 15.2
96.3A 1.2
187,358,176 D 16.7
173,828,498 D 17.7
16,462 C 14.4
15,273 D 15.5
92.8A 3.1
15,657,101,013 C 13.6
14,851,013,723 C 14.1
378,837 C 12.8
359,333 C 13.4
94.9A 1.7
Urban 17,736,577,589 C 13.0
16,324,573,701 C 13.8
947,917 C 11.3
872,454 C 12.5
92.0A 2.8
9,274,326,778 C 11.7
8,437,315,857 C 12.3
306,291 C 11.3
278,648 C 11.9
91.0A 3.6
16,879,277,065 C 11.9
15,646,645,771 C 12.8
258,205 C 11.4
239,349 C 12.3
92.7A 1.4
1,343,706,293 B 8.7
1,265,853,312 B 9.0
21,417 B 7.3
20,176 B 7.6
94.2A 1.2
45,233,887,725 B 7.6
41,674,388,642 B 8.1
322,479 B 7.3
297,103 B 7.7
92.1A 1.7
Exporter 3,451,686,845 D 22.0
3,271,338,512 D 22.7
1,143,102 D 23.5
1,083,376 E 25.9
94.8A 3.3
3,483,177,753 D 20.4
3,430,126,643 D 20.7
670,959 D 17.8
660,740 D 18.1
98.5A 0.8
6,871,819,360 D 17.1
6,635,830,363 D 17.6
512,211 D 17.2
494,621 D 17.8
96.6A 1.1
353,012,774 D 15.2
327,759,442 C 14.2
28,170 C 12.0
26,155 C 10.6
92.8A 3.3
14,159,696,732 C 11.7
13,665,054,960 C 12.0
542,747 C 11.5
523,787 C 11.9
96.5A 1.0
Non-exporter 21,784,280,503 C 12.9
20,064,857,640 C 13.7
885,800 C 11.0
815,884 C 12.1
92.1A 2.5
10,458,800,646 C 11.5
9,493,634,412 C 12.2
250,704 C 10.6
227,569 C 11.3
90.8A 3.4
13,310,159,162 C 13.1
12,189,932,985 C 14.2
199,279 C 12.3
182,507 C 13.4
91.6A 1.8
1,178,051,695 B 9.3
1,111,922,368 B 9.7
19,127 B 7.8
18,054 B 8.4
94.4A 1.1
46,731,292,006 B 7.9
42,860,347,405 B 8.4
300,504 B 7.5
275,612 B 8.0
91.7A 1.7
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 1,628,245,976 E 27.8
1,294,007,695 E 27.9
912,011 D 21.5
724,798 D 22.4
79.5D 17.7
1,715,685,341 F 39.3
1,283,888,718 F 47.5
494,752 E 34.5
370,235 F 42.8
74.8D 20.3
3,512,654,202 E 27.0
3,357,757,309 E 28.1
335,234 E 26.4
320,451 E 27.5
95.6A 2.0
203,119,112 D 21.1
196,201,003 D 21.8
22,968 C 12.5
22,186 C 13.1
96.6A 1.8
7,059,704,630 D 19.3
6,131,854,725 D 20.3
378,931 D 18.9
329,128 D 19.8
86.9B 8.2
3,334,412,455 E 28.4
3,226,539,490 E 29.3
970,399 D 23.6
939,005 D 24.4
96.8A 2.4
1,845,387,405 D 19.0
1,822,283,601 D 19.1
296,814 D 19.1
293,098 D 19.2
98.7A 1.0
2,159,846,385 D 15.1
2,026,108,076 D 15.9
185,236 D 15.8
173,766 D 16.7
93.8A 2.3
139,494,783 D 15.4
135,132,346 D 15.8
17,459 C 13.2
16,913 C 13.7
96.9A 1.8
7,479,141,028 D 15.0
7,210,063,513 D 15.5
317,981 C 14.9
306,541 D 15.4
96.4A 1.3
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 12,746,520,448 D 17.5
12,033,684,505 D 18.4
897,731 D 15.7
847,527 D 16.7
94.4A 2.2
6,474,442,636 D 15.8
6,176,451,677 D 16.3
291,796 C 14.4
278,366 C 14.9
95.4A 2.3
10,127,465,001 D 16.7
9,523,219,815 D 17.7
349,732 C 15.0
328,865 D 16.0
94.0A 1.7
668,280,589 C 13.6
639,878,323 C 14.1
24,692 C 11.9
23,643 C 12.4
95.7A 1.3
30,016,708,673 C 10.5
28,373,234,320 C 11.0
400,780 B 9.7
378,837 C 10.3
94.5A 1.3
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 3,719,716,846 E 32.1
3,330,715,485 F 35.0
977,518 E 29.4
875,291 E 33.8
89.5B 6.1
1,364,377,864 D 25.0
1,257,633,514 E 26.4
310,293 D 23.8
286,017 E 25.8
92.2B 6.0
1,380,970,837 E 29.1
1,241,479,274 E 32.1
146,036 E 28.9
131,285 E 31.9
89.9A 4.7
142,098,991 D 22.7
139,439,328 D 23.2
18,006 D 18.3
17,669 D 18.6
98.1A 1.0
6,607,164,539 D 20.2
5,969,267,601 D 21.7
304,920 D 19.9
275,481 D 21.7
90.3A 4.2
2,467,269,622 F 37.1
2,376,895,562 F 37.9
1,008,766 D 21.9
971,816 D 23.1
96.3A 2.9
1,071,190,131 E 30.5
1,004,693,438 E 32.2
198,636 E 28.0
186,305 E 29.5
93.8A 4.7
1,579,904,160 E 30.2
1,439,614,895 E 32.9
193,241 E 28.8
176,082 E 31.7
91.1A 4.2
142,947,675 E 25.8
128,428,269 E 27.3
21,449 D 20.7
19,270 D 22.2
89.8B 5.4
5,261,311,588 D 22.9
4,949,632,164 D 23.5
311,483 D 20.8
293,031 D 21.4
94.1A 1.8
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 663,550,152 F 35.5
647,421,238 F 36.3
644,019 E 34.4
628,365 E 35.0
97.6A 1.7
1,417,425,183 E 28.5
1,325,340,267 E 30.3
292,476 E 25.9
273,475 E 28.4
93.5A 3.8
1,331,725,884 E 32.8
1,223,564,002 F 35.2
141,204 E 31.8
129,736 E 34.5
91.9A 4.1
202,301,264 D 21.5
171,102,375 D 20.8
15,483 D 18.4
13,095 D 17.3
84.6A 5.0
3,615,002,483 D 18.2
3,367,427,881 D 19.2
167,752 D 17.2
156,263 D 18.4
93.2A 2.4
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 5,383,812,938 D 21.5
4,812,347,112 D 23.3
737,203 D 17.1
658,953 D 20.6
89.4B 5.7
3,465,601,732 D 19.9
3,348,779,843 D 20.6
257,678 D 18.6
248,992 D 19.3
96.6A 1.5
7,229,390,240 D 23.7
6,586,001,642 E 25.9
251,642 D 22.8
229,247 E 25.0
91.1A 3.0
454,648,009 C 12.1
421,104,369 C 12.8
16,417 B 9.4
15,206 C 10.2
92.6A 2.0
16,533,452,919 C 14.3
15,168,232,965 D 15.3
266,673 C 13.8
244,653 C 14.9
91.7A 2.3
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 6,215,439,150 D 24.3
5,670,742,839 E 26.0
897,048 D 20.3
818,434 D 22.3
91.2B 5.3
3,570,160,885 D 21.8
3,017,130,627 D 23.9
268,443 D 19.9
226,860 D 21.7
84.5B 9.1
4,263,397,050 D 18.8
3,968,611,393 D 20.1
207,963 D 17.2
193,584 D 18.5
93.1A 2.3
386,842,038 D 21.3
372,807,869 D 21.9
26,256 D 17.9
25,303 D 18.4
96.4A 1.9
14,435,839,123 C 13.7
13,029,292,729 C 14.5
321,662 C 12.8
290,321 C 13.6
90.3A 4.3
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 12,973,165,108 D 17.0
12,205,684,963 D 17.8
1,050,439 D 15.1
988,296 D 16.1
94.1A 2.4
5,488,790,600 D 15.8
5,232,510,319 D 16.3
358,420 C 14.5
341,685 C 15.0
95.3A 2.6
7,357,465,348 C 10.6
7,047,586,310 C 11.0
341,467 B 9.6
327,085 C 10.0
95.8A 1.0
487,273,158 C 11.7
474,667,198 C 12.0
26,158 B 9.2
25,482 B 9.5
97.4A 1.1
26,306,694,213 B 9.9
24,960,448,790 C 10.2
494,757 B 9.1
469,437 B 9.5
94.9A 1.3
5,579,570,267 D 20.5
4,815,601,590 D 22.5
904,110 D 18.7
780,317 D 21.5
86.3B 6.8
4,334,868,356 D 22.5
3,834,895,111 D 24.2
368,864 D 20.5
326,320 D 22.2
88.5B 7.2
6,433,336,081 C 13.4
5,905,400,711 C 14.2
280,802 C 13.7
257,759 C 14.8
91.8A 2.2
401,516,538 C 14.9
385,169,442 D 15.4
22,705 C 11.7
21,780 C 12.3
95.9A 1.3
16,749,291,242 C 11.1
14,941,066,854 C 11.6
392,592 C 10.7
350,209 C 11.4
89.2A 3.8
3,936,496,399 D 22.3
3,481,710,924 D 24.3
1,067,734 D 20.2
944,378 D 24.0
88.4B 5.8
3,169,326,082 D 23.0
3,035,898,038 D 23.9
348,523 D 21.0
333,850 D 21.9
95.8A 2.6
5,309,586,093 D 17.2
5,030,999,495 D 17.8
369,454 D 17.4
350,069 D 18.3
94.8A 2.0
280,612,966 D 17.8
251,822,548 D 17.3
24,587 C 14.2
22,065 C 13.4
89.7A 3.9
12,696,021,541 C 11.8
11,800,431,005 C 12.4
445,329 C 11.4
413,915 C 12.3
92.9A 2.1
3,529,488,674 E 28.6
3,307,140,683 E 30.2
885,093 D 24.4
829,334 E 27.4
93.7A 3.9
2,263,708,623 E 29.2
2,160,839,660 E 30.4
273,478 E 28.7
261,050 E 29.9
95.5A 3.2
4,349,149,071 D 17.1
4,167,117,549 D 17.8
285,837 D 17.3
273,874 D 17.9
95.8A 1.4
274,786,691 D 16.8
264,213,566 D 17.4
20,152 C 12.3
19,376 C 12.9
96.2A 1.3
10,417,133,059 C 13.9
9,899,311,458 C 14.5
329,607 C 13.7
313,223 C 14.4
95.0A 1.6
1,848,021,970 D 23.3
1,619,162,573 D 24.3
690,977 D 18.6
605,406 D 21.1
87.6B 5.6
2,357,789,696 E 28.1
2,280,970,681 E 29.0
273,256 E 26.6
264,353 E 27.5
96.7A 1.6
3,180,977,547 D 15.5
2,981,093,611 D 16.4
206,677 D 16.0
193,690 D 17.0
93.7A 2.0
316,389,641 D 15.9
290,614,882 D 16.6
20,598 C 12.8
18,920 C 13.4
91.9A 2.8
7,703,178,853 C 13.8
7,171,841,747 C 14.5
238,536 C 13.6
222,082 C 14.4
93.1A 1.8
8,281,024,160 D 15.6
7,345,093,151 D 16.7
865,405 C 13.5
767,596 D 15.2
88.7A 4.6
6,122,517,870 D 16.8
5,567,450,143 D 17.7
321,624 D 15.8
292,466 D 16.7
90.9A 5.0
9,398,047,455 C 11.7
8,734,303,386 C 12.4
279,376 C 11.6
259,645 C 12.5
92.9A 1.7
655,397,933 C 11.7
605,848,299 C 11.7
22,687 B 9.4
20,972 B 9.4
92.4A 2.2
24,456,987,418 B 8.6
22,252,694,980 B 9.0
354,365 B 8.3
322,427 B 8.8
91.0A 2.6
15,277,893,171 D 16.6
14,318,282,524 D 17.5
948,766 C 13.9
889,173 D 15.2
93.7A 2.5
6,508,691,114 C 13.7
6,106,833,574 C 14.3
275,513 C 12.5
258,502 C 13.1
93.8A 2.6
9,263,030,720 D 17.6
8,599,447,024 D 18.9
224,889 D 16.4
208,778 D 17.7
92.8A 1.9
809,011,098 C 11.5
770,347,855 C 12.0
19,242 B 9.9
18,322 C 10.4
95.2A 1.2
31,858,626,104 C 10.4
29,794,910,977 C 11.0
315,315 B 9.8
294,890 C 10.4
93.5A 1.5
Holds IP 10,733,903,049 D 20.4
9,987,229,280 D 21.6
1,421,460 D 17.9
1,322,580 D 19.3
93.0A 3.4
5,578,743,046 D 18.1
5,211,260,466 D 18.7
501,967 D 16.2
468,902 D 16.8
93.4A 5.0
9,311,816,961 C 12.0
8,742,480,196 C 12.5
344,569 C 11.9
323,502 C 12.6
93.9A 1.6
589,333,245 C 12.8
556,629,578 C 12.6
26,837 B 9.6
25,348 B 9.4
94.5A 2.2
26,213,796,302 C 11.1
24,497,599,520 C 11.5
494,427 C 10.7
462,057 C 11.2
93.5A 2.4
Holds Formal IP 5,108,290,203 D 23.3
4,673,667,949 D 24.6
1,541,418 D 21.8
1,410,272 D 24.2
91.5A 4.3
3,197,144,233 E 26.0
3,132,512,621 E 26.5
733,642 D 23.7
718,811 D 24.3
98.0A 1.3
3,967,202,490 C 14.2
3,721,446,447 C 14.6
438,641 C 13.3
411,468 C 13.8
93.8A 2.3
239,224,222 D 15.1
234,507,903 D 15.3
28,788 C 11.6
28,220 C 11.9
98.0A 0.9
12,511,861,148 C 14.3
11,762,134,922 C 14.8
638,091 C 13.6
599,855 C 14.3
94.0A 1.9
No IP 12,825,014,282 C 14.1
11,676,146,395 D 15.1
707,761 C 11.3
644,360 C 12.9
91.0A 3.1
7,052,465,938 C 12.7
6,463,023,251 C 13.5
223,558 C 11.7
204,873 C 12.5
91.6A 2.9
9,349,261,214 D 17.4
8,591,270,214 D 18.8
195,574 D 16.3
179,718 D 17.8
91.9A 2.1
875,075,785 C 10.8
819,566,576 C 11.4
17,868 B 9.4
16,735 C 10.0
93.7A 1.4
30,101,817,220 B 8.8
27,550,006,436 B 9.4
257,203 B 8.2
235,399 B 8.9
91.5A 1.7
Familiar with at least one type of IP 18,357,344,013 C 11.9
16,997,749,286 C 12.6
939,086 B 10.0
869,535 C 10.9
92.6A 2.4
10,894,494,587 C 11.9
9,976,742,364 C 12.6
336,226 C 11.0
307,902 C 11.7
91.6A 3.2
15,901,098,439 C 10.8
14,796,101,137 C 11.6
252,916 C 10.2
235,341 C 11.0
93.1A 1.3
1,276,005,623 B 9.1
1,205,534,518 B 9.4
21,946 B 7.6
20,734 B 7.8
94.5A 1.3
46,428,942,662 B 7.0
42,976,127,305 B 7.3
340,278 B 6.6
314,972 B 7.0
92.6A 1.6
Not familiar with any type of IP 5,201,573,318 E 34.9
4,665,626,389 F 38.2
849,406 E 30.0
761,887 E 34.3
89.7B 6.7
1,736,714,397 D 22.6
1,697,541,353 D 23.1
169,305 D 19.3
165,486 D 19.8
97.7A 1.1
2,759,979,737 F 35.6
2,537,649,273 F 38.6
230,810 E 33.5
212,217 F 36.9
91.9A 4.3
188,403,407 D 16.0
170,661,635 D 17.2
14,729 C 13.3
13,342 C 14.8
90.6A 3.6
9,886,670,860 D 22.4
9,071,478,651 D 24.0
294,163 D 21.3
269,909 D 23.0
91.8A 3.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 817,024,472 F 39.3
815,977,554 F 39.3
2,219,990 E 30.1
2,217,145 E 30.1
99.9A 0.1
172,841,604 E 28.5
170,507,895 E 28.9
292,507 E 25.8
288,558 E 26.2
98.6A 0.9
650,686,386 D 20.4
642,676,292 D 20.6
769,324 D 15.1
759,853 D 15.4
98.8A 0.6
47,522,757 D 24.5
47,253,155 D 24.7
52,316 D 18.9
52,019 D 19.0
99.4A 0.5
1,688,075,219 D 20.9
1,676,414,896 D 21.1
812,125 D 19.2
806,516 D 19.4
99.3A 0.3
<30 years old 424,809,756 F 73.6
419,844,169 F 74.5
881,659 D 21.5
871,353 D 22.1
98.8A 1.4
120,037,667 E 30.0
108,722,889 E 31.1
116,477 D 20.0
105,498 D 20.6
90.6B 6.6
242,702,041 E 28.5
223,963,277 E 30.6
73,322 D 20.7
67,661 D 22.4
92.3A 4.3
45,098,169 F 36.0
44,852,363 F 36.2
18,014 E 29.8
17,916 E 30.0
99.5A 0.4
832,647,632 F 39.7
797,382,699 F 41.3
139,038 F 35.9
133,149 F 37.6
95.8A 2.7
30 to 39 years old 1,858,787,756 D 22.2
1,791,585,907 D 22.5
595,986 D 16.5
574,439 D 16.7
96.4A 2.4
1,938,873,181 E 34.5
1,903,238,710 F 35.2
257,749 E 30.4
253,011 E 31.0
98.2A 1.0
3,233,154,434 F 38.5
3,094,961,166 F 40.2
239,868 E 34.8
229,615 F 36.6
95.7A 2.1
198,172,766 D 21.1
174,072,160 D 23.6
14,349 D 17.6
12,604 D 20.4
87.8A 4.1
7,228,988,138 D 21.0
6,963,857,942 D 21.8
243,050 D 19.2
234,135 D 20.0
96.3A 1.2
40 to 49 years old 7,261,168,068 E 27.1
6,822,137,250 E 28.6
995,234 D 22.9
935,059 E 25.3
94.0A 4.0
3,499,309,953 D 18.5
3,420,022,416 D 18.9
292,762 D 17.2
286,128 D 17.7
97.7A 1.0
4,986,945,642 D 16.5
4,456,733,093 D 17.9
206,473 D 15.6
184,521 D 17.3
89.4A 3.1
534,242,476 D 16.3
498,382,071 D 17.2
25,469 C 13.0
23,760 C 14.0
93.3A 2.1
16,281,666,137 D 15.2
15,197,274,830 D 16.1
325,236 C 14.5
303,575 D 15.5
93.3A 2.1
50 to 64 years old 13,158,051,929 C 14.8
11,901,978,124 D 15.9
948,303 C 12.9
857,778 C 14.3
90.5A 3.4
7,226,800,623 C 14.2
6,479,646,371 D 15.1
335,257 C 13.2
300,596 C 14.1
89.7A 4.5
10,066,409,656 C 14.6
9,522,139,915 D 15.4
313,027 C 14.3
296,102 D 15.1
94.6A 1.4
652,069,381 C 10.6
625,533,249 C 10.3
21,224 B 9.0
20,360 B 8.7
95.9A 1.7
31,103,331,588 B 8.7
28,529,297,660 B 9.1
399,648 B 8.3
366,574 B 8.7
91.7A 2.3
65+ years old 2,533,149,840 E 31.7
2,400,650,702 E 32.7
891,836 E 30.5
845,188 E 31.2
94.8A 3.5
1,156,956,976 D 24.7
1,012,130,669 D 25.0
238,679 E 26.1
208,802 E 25.9
87.5C 11.9
1,652,766,749 D 15.7
1,527,965,896 D 16.6
232,550 D 16.7
214,990 D 17.6
92.4A 2.9
101,481,678 D 22.0
96,841,967 D 22.5
16,616 D 19.3
15,856 D 19.5
95.4A 3.6
5,444,355,243 D 17.4
5,037,589,234 D 18.3
302,811 D 17.2
280,187 D 18.0
92.5A 3.2
Less than high school 2,040,544,192 F 49.0
2,012,315,824 F 49.7
1,272,401 F 38.5
1,254,799 F 39.2
98.6A 1.3
1,680,742,383 F 40.3
1,626,215,723 F 41.6
309,952 F 36.3
299,896 F 37.5
96.8A 2.4
902,044,735 F 39.8
882,471,764 F 40.6
218,824 F 38.7
214,076 F 39.5
97.8A 1.2
51,897,775 D 23.9
40,915,173 D 23.3
12,251 D 18.0
9,659 D 18.1
78.8B 9.8
4,675,229,085 E 27.1
4,561,918,484 E 27.7
358,366 E 25.4
349,680 E 26.1
97.6A 1.1
High school 4,405,929,003 D 23.8
3,916,368,700 E 25.5
760,819 D 18.1
676,281 D 20.9
88.9B 5.6
3,223,028,191 D 16.3
3,089,657,481 D 16.8
235,917 D 15.4
226,154 D 15.8
95.9A 2.1
3,089,086,159 D 15.1
2,720,503,507 D 16.8
175,060 C 14.1
154,172 D 16.1
88.1A 3.5
339,786,124 D 15.2
315,183,476 D 16.1
20,744 C 11.9
19,242 C 13.2
92.8A 2.3
11,057,829,477 C 12.6
10,041,713,163 C 13.2
268,510 C 11.8
243,836 C 12.5
90.8A 2.5
College/Cegep/Trade School 5,829,886,656 D 20.9
5,653,866,198 D 21.4
684,432 D 17.7
663,767 D 18.3
97.0A 1.5
2,738,954,857 D 18.9
2,496,763,237 D 20.3
196,080 D 16.7
178,742 D 18.2
91.2A 3.8
4,271,701,920 D 22.9
3,897,333,276 D 24.9
175,833 D 22.2
160,423 D 24.4
91.2A 3.2
391,421,998 D 18.7
377,298,062 D 19.3
17,958 D 16.6
17,310 D 17.2
96.4A 1.3
13,231,965,430 C 12.6
12,425,260,774 C 13.3
238,337 C 11.9
223,806 C 12.7
93.9A 1.5
Bachelor's degree 8,641,676,352 D 22.1
7,731,884,546 D 24.2
1,182,724 D 19.7
1,058,208 D 22.0
89.5A 4.8
4,272,208,710 D 19.0
3,708,511,472 D 20.3
434,419 D 17.2
377,100 D 18.7
86.8B 7.8
8,717,574,543 D 18.8
8,302,868,900 D 19.7
396,791 D 17.2
377,915 D 18.0
95.2A 1.5
506,226,779 C 13.8
477,837,653 C 13.6
23,868 C 11.4
22,530 C 11.0
94.4A 2.4
22,137,686,384 C 12.5
20,221,102,571 C 13.3
465,053 C 11.8
424,791 C 12.6
91.3A 3.1
Master's degree or above 4,317,931,144 E 26.5
4,021,760,884 E 27.8
982,868 D 24.9
915,452 E 28.2
93.1B 6.1
2,027,044,259 E 27.5
2,002,613,142 E 27.8
504,010 E 26.4
497,935 E 26.7
98.8A 0.6
3,201,571,166 D 21.0
3,022,585,901 D 21.9
262,962 D 20.6
248,261 D 21.5
94.4A 2.4
241,731,794 D 17.8
228,447,447 D 18.6
23,024 C 13.7
21,759 C 14.4
94.5A 2.3
9,788,278,362 D 16.9
9,275,407,374 D 17.5
403,640 D 16.3
382,490 D 17.3
94.8A 2.8
In Canada 19,487,977,616 C 12.8
18,037,882,626 C 13.6
917,116 C 11.1
848,874 C 12.2
92.6A 2.6
12,170,319,809 C 11.2
11,280,641,112 C 11.7
313,153 C 10.3
290,260 C 10.8
92.7A 2.8
17,996,539,525 C 11.4
17,189,248,191 C 11.9
287,900 C 10.7
274,985 C 11.2
95.5A 0.9
1,113,299,763 B 9.5
1,068,097,110 B 9.7
21,755 B 8.0
20,872 B 8.2
95.9A 1.1
50,768,136,714 B 7.3
47,575,869,039 B 7.6
369,115 B 6.9
345,905 B 7.3
93.7A 1.5
Outside Canada 5,747,989,732 E 26.0
5,298,313,526 E 27.7
903,323 D 22.6
832,654 D 24.5
92.2A 3.6
1,771,658,590 D 18.5
1,643,119,943 D 19.5
220,215 D 17.1
204,238 D 18.6
92.7A 3.8
2,185,438,997 C 14.7
1,636,515,157 D 16.8
123,487 C 14.5
92,471 D 17.8
74.9B 6.8
417,764,706 C 14.3
371,584,701 D 15.3
18,206 C 11.7
16,194 C 12.7
88.9A 3.0
10,122,852,025 D 16.4
8,949,533,326 D 17.9
229,760 D 15.7
203,129 D 17.3
88.4A 2.9
0% 11,615,763,597 D 15.7
10,272,013,857 D 17.0
975,823 C 13.0
862,937 D 15.4
88.4A 4.3
7,202,465,213 C 14.4
6,681,530,737 C 15.0
319,272 C 13.6
296,180 C 14.2
92.8A 4.1
11,429,189,238 C 13.6
10,833,806,367 C 14.3
289,337 C 13.0
274,265 C 13.8
94.8A 1.2
759,829,618 B 9.8
708,507,744 C 10.2
19,165 B 7.8
17,870 B 8.3
93.2A 1.5
31,007,247,665 B 9.1
28,495,858,705 B 9.5
331,630 B 8.7
304,770 B 9.2
91.9A 2.3
1% to 49% 4,853,694,121 D 19.2
4,723,883,425 D 19.4
797,828 D 17.1
776,491 D 17.3
97.3A 1.8
3,215,403,232 D 23.2
2,927,610,898 D 25.0
520,984 D 21.3
474,353 D 23.0
91.0B 5.3
4,665,768,659 E 28.2
4,413,666,290 E 29.7
449,779 E 25.2
425,477 E 26.8
94.6A 2.5
229,463,589 E 31.0
213,938,287 E 31.4
32,212 E 29.4
30,033 E 30.0
93.2A 4.7
12,964,329,601 C 14.4
12,279,098,900 C 15.0
574,614 C 12.6
544,242 C 13.2
94.7A 1.7
50% 7,508,295,199 E 27.6
7,177,341,082 E 28.7
1,092,753 D 22.9
1,044,586 D 24.2
95.6A 2.6
2,753,439,691 D 19.4
2,597,878,332 D 20.3
220,412 D 16.6
207,960 D 17.5
94.4A 3.0
2,888,441,202 D 17.1
2,575,217,058 D 18.0
174,051 D 15.4
155,177 D 16.5
89.2A 3.4
264,977,448 C 14.7
243,446,846 D 15.5
17,823 C 11.8
16,375 C 12.7
91.9A 2.7
13,415,153,539 D 16.9
12,593,883,318 D 17.9
341,902 D 15.9
320,970 D 16.9
93.9A 1.9
51% to 99% 349,299,229 F 46.3
346,947,601 F 46.6
273,115 D 19.4
271,276 D 19.4
99.3A 0.7
254,580,782 F 38.3
235,908,560 F 37.4
219,239 E 26.8
203,159 E 25.5
92.7B 6.1
542,537,801 E 34.7
460,791,781 F 38.4
147,887 E 31.7
125,604 F 40.0
84.9C 13.2
80,285,314 F 37.5
80,285,314 F 37.5
21,272 D 21.5
21,272 D 21.5
100.0A 0.0
1,226,703,125 E 26.3
1,123,933,255 E 25.5
189,409 D 20.7
173,541 D 21.2
91.6A 4.9
100% 908,915,203 E 27.7
816,010,187 E 29.6
616,118 D 23.3
553,141 E 26.0
89.8B 7.6
516,089,482 F 37.2
480,832,528 F 39.6
114,059 E 26.9
106,267 E 29.3
93.2B 5.6
656,041,622 D 20.9
542,281,851 D 22.7
65,157 D 20.9
53,858 D 23.0
82.7B 9.8
196,508,501 D 22.2
193,503,620 D 22.5
22,562 D 16.5
22,217 D 16.8
98.5A 0.7
2,277,554,808 D 16.2
2,032,628,186 D 17.3
114,889 D 15.1
102,534 D 16.2
89.2A 4.9
Potential
Borrowers..
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
.. ....
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.. ....
.. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers2,201,810,373
F 36.8901,642,613
F 75.2534,635
E 28.6218,933
F 69.241.0
F 48.81,355,142,764
E 32.7492,708,272
F 61.3274,508
E 30.999,807
F 59.236.4
F 45.8979,976,174
D 15.947,909,759
F 49.867,781
C 11.73,314
F 48.44.9
F 48.577,481,843
D 17.228,330,397
F 36.210,440
C 11.43,817
E 32.036.6
E 25.54,614,411,155
D 24.81,470,591,041
F 58.1223,795
D 22.771,322
F 56.631.9
F 41.4
Co-operatives Co-operatives 54,876,927 D 15.9
54,876,927 D 15.9
815,382 C 11.7
815,382 C 11.7
100.0A 0.0
87,736,483 E 28.9
87,736,483 E 28.9
848,631 E 25.7
848,631 E 25.7
100.0A 0.0
118,659,028 D 23.8
118,607,033 D 23.9
1,111,515 D 20.4
1,111,028 D 20.4
100.0A 0.0
773,415 D 16.6
764,206 D 16.8
9,227 C 11.5
9,117 C 11.8
98.8A 0.6
262,045,854 D 16.4
261,984,649 D 16.4
952,030 D 15.0
951,808 D 15.0
100.0A 0.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 116,723,027 E 34.5
112,501,450 F 35.6
1,919,439 D 20.7
1,850,018 D 22.0
96.4A 3.1
61,713,246 D 24.0
58,986,617 E 25.1
439,886 D 20.0
420,451 D 21.1
95.6A 2.5
121,055,474 E 27.5
118,622,753 E 28.0
540,921 D 24.2
530,051 D 24.8
98.0A 0.9
4,867,996 D 15.7
4,694,503 D 16.0
27,762 C 10.8
26,772 C 11.2
96.4A 1.8
304,359,743 D 19.9
294,805,323 D 20.5
668,555 D 18.1
647,568 D 18.7
96.9A 1.4
Not-for-profit 8,583,602 C 12.6
8,514,222 C 12.7
264,484 B 6.3
262,346 B 6.5
99.2A 0.3
72,017,212 C 12.9
72,017,212 C 12.9
5,947,469 D 18.2
5,947,469 D 18.2
100.0A 0.0
5,591,296 C 13.9
5,352,085 C 14.4
118,699 C 13.9
113,621 C 14.4
95.7A 1.6
349,339 C 10.5
346,406 C 10.5
4,788 B 8.1
4,748 B 8.2
99.2A 0.5
86,541,450 C 10.9
86,229,925 C 10.9
602,073 C 11.6
599,906 C 11.6
99.6A 0.1
Charity 14,161,079 C 13.2
14,161,079 C 13.2
628,169 B 7.4
628,169 B 7.4
100.0A 0.0
4,740,864 B 9.5
4,740,864 B 9.5
690,545 C 14.9
690,545 C 14.9
100.0A 0.0
5,205,370 D 24.4
5,125,182 D 24.8
224,316 D 15.9
220,860 D 16.2
98.5A 0.5
165,910 C 14.9
165,910 C 14.9
5,246 C 11.2
5,246 C 11.2
100.0A 0.0
24,273,224 C 11.6
24,193,036 C 11.6
351,879 B 9.3
350,716 B 9.3
99.7A 0.1
For-profit 1,000,200,102 F 37.6
639,633,425 F 39.9
1,008,082 E 32.1
644,674 F 40.9
64.0E 31.1
1,436,047,209 F 46.4
1,157,168,898 F 52.8
440,699 F 42.7
355,116 F 48.9
80.6D 21.2
1,228,802,659 E 34.1
1,109,490,209 F 37.4
312,690 E 25.6
282,329 E 29.4
90.3B 5.1
176,492,029 E 30.0
165,573,455 E 31.6
32,807 D 20.9
30,777 D 22.6
93.8A 3.5
3,841,542,000 E 27.1
3,071,865,986 E 29.0
368,557 E 25.3
294,714 E 27.0
80.0D 15.2
22,719,421,157 C 12.3
20,835,816,041 C 13.2
943,329 C 10.6
865,120 C 11.8
91.7A 2.4
13,303,295,261 C 10.4
12,304,639,602 C 10.9
319,030 B 9.6
295,081 C 10.2
92.5A 2.6
18,547,936,807 C 10.6
17,265,776,823 C 11.3
261,832 C 10.1
243,732 C 10.9
93.1A 1.2
1,429,410,396 B 8.3
1,347,923,550 B 8.5
21,481 B 6.9
20,256 B 7.2
94.3A 1.2
56,000,063,622 B 7.0
51,754,156,016 B 7.3
347,992 B 6.6
321,608 B 7.0
92.4A 1.4
2,516,546,191 E 31.5
2,500,380,111 E 31.7
713,295 E 29.6
708,713 E 29.8
99.4A 0.5
638,683,138 E 28.2
619,121,453 E 28.8
122,592 E 27.6
118,838 E 28.3
96.9A 1.7
1,634,041,715 F 40.3
1,559,986,524 F 42.1
174,423 F 38.5
166,518 F 40.3
95.5A 2.5
101,654,072 E 25.6
91,758,260 E 26.9
13,414 D 22.6
12,109 D 24.0
90.3B 5.4
4,890,925,117 D 21.5
4,771,246,349 D 22.0
236,557 D 21.0
230,769 D 21.5
97.6A 0.9Legal Status
Incorporated
Unincorporated
Average amount
authorized
Request for at least one type of debt financing
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS
Age of Business
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per
Innovation
Activities
developed or
introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
Type of debt financingOverall debt financing
Non-residential mortgage
Debt financing
Total amount requestedTotal amount
authorized
Average amount
requested
Average amount
authorized
Average amount
requested
Average amount
authorized
Total amount authorized-to-
requested
Total amount
requested
Total amount
authorized
Total amount authorized-to-
requested
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 5: Amount of Debt Financing Requested and AuthorizedSurvey question(s):
C.2. For your business’ largest request for a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage in 2017, w hat w as the dollar amount requested?
C.8. For your business’ largest request for a business line of credit or increase in the current line of credit in 2017, w hat w as the dollar amount requested?
C.13. For your business’ largest request for a term loan in 2017, w hat w as the dollar amount requested?
C.19. For this request for a business credit card, or the largest request for an increase in the current credit card limit in 2017, w hat w as the dollar amount requested?
C.3. What w as the outcome of this mortgage request?
C.9. What w as the outcome of this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit request?
C.14. What w as the outcome of this term loan request?
C.20. What w as the outcome of this request for a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?
Notes:
C.2, C.3, C.8, C.9, C.13, C.14, C.19 and C.20 are applicable only to those that requested debt f inancing in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Term loan Line of credit Credit card
Average amount
requested
Average amount
authorized
Total amount
authorized
Average amount
requested
Average amount
authorized
Total amount
authorized-to-
Total amount authorized-to-
requested
Total amount requestedTotal amount authorized-to-
requested
Average amount
requestedTotal amount requested
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Total amount
authorized
Social Enterprises
Employment Size
Region
Construction (NAICS 23)
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual
Property
Total amount requestedTotal amount
authorized
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51),
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
%
Qualit
y
CV Months
Qualit
y
CV %
Qualit
y
CV %
Qualit
y
CV Months
Qualit
y
CV %
Qualit
y
CV %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 4.5 A 4.0 139 B 5.7 5.4 A 2.7 5.2 A 3.6 62 A 4.1 17.9 A 1.3 64.1 A 1.6 75.5 A 1.8 41.1 A 2.1 8.5 A 1.1
1 to 4 employees 4.3 A 3.9 140 C 10.4 5.5 B 5.1 5.7 B 6.4 54 A 4.0 18.3 A 2.1 55.7 B 2.8 68.6 B 3.4 45.1 B 3.6 9.9 A 2.2
5 to 19 employees 4.7 B 5.9 148 B 8.8 5.5 A 3.5 4.9 B 5.5 66 B 7.3 17.5 A 2.0 68.1 A 2.4 74.5 B 2.9 44.3 B 3.3 8.6 A 1.7
20 to 99 employees 4.9 C 12.3 120 B 8.8 4.9 B 5.5 5.1 B 7.0 66 B 8.9 18.0 A 1.8 75.0 B 2.7 89.2 A 2.2 31.0 B 4.3 5.4 A 1.5
100 to 499 employees 4.3 B 9.3 133 C 12.3 4.1 A 3.2 4.4 A 3.8 58 B 5.7 15.4 B 8.8 68.3 B 4.1 88.3 B 3.1 12.4 A 2.5 9.6 B 3.0
Atlantic 4.7 B 8.3 138 C 13.9 5.2 B 5.5 4.9 B 7.1 64 B 6.4 18.6 A 3.4 63.8 C 5.1 77.0 C 5.2 28.7 C 5.1 7.7 B 3.8
Quebec 4.6 B 8.8 146 B 8.4 5.5 B 5.2 4.9 B 6.2 66 B 7.6 18.0 A 2.0 58.2 B 3.6 82.5 B 3.1 34.6 B 4.7 7.2 A 2.1
Ontario 4.2 A 3.6 126 C 12.9 5.2 A 4.7 5.0 B 6.4 56 B 6.7 18.0 A 1.8 66.7 B 2.6 75.0 B 3.2 45.5 B 3.5 6.8 A 1.6
Northern Ontario 5.5 B 5.5 169 D 20.3 5.4 B 7.7 4.8 B 8.3 68 C 11.3 17.6 B 5.5 70.5 C 5.4 71.3 D 8.1 51.7 D 7.8 7.5 B 3.4
Southern Ontario 4.1 A 3.8 124 C 13.5 5.2 A 5.0 5.1 B 6.9 55 B 7.3 18.0 A 1.9 66.5 B 2.7 75.2 B 3.4 45.1 B 3.6 6.8 A 1.6
Prairies 5.0 B 8.3 174 B 9.8 5.4 B 7.4 5.4 B 9.3 54 B 5.3 17.2 A 3.1 69.3 B 3.3 72.8 B 4.3 41.6 B 4.2 8.1 A 2.0
Manitoba 5.2 B 7.6 181 D 18.7 4.3 B 8.0 5.4 B 8.5 49 B 7.1 17.4 B 7.7 72.6 C 6.8 88.1 C 5.5 36.1 D 7.9 3.1 A 2.1
Saskatchewan 4.2 B 6.4 165 C 11.5 4.9 C 10.3 4.3 B 7.8 59 C 11.8 19.1 A 4.9 74.0 C 5.2 75.7 C 6.3 29.3 C 6.6 8.6 B 3.5
Alberta 5.2 D 15.4 173 D 15.5 5.7 B 9.7 5.9 C 14.7 53 B 7.4 16.5 A 4.1 66.9 B 4.6 67.3 C 6.4 47.6 C 5.8 9.3 B 3.0
British Columbia and Territories 4.5 B 9.2 114 C 15.0 5.5 A 4.9 6.1 B 9.2 78 D 15.5 18.0 A 4.9 62.9 B 4.5 67.7 C 5.5 47.6 C 5.8 15.7 B 4.3
St. John's 1.0 A 0.0 72 A 0.0 5.8 C 14.7 7.9 A 0.1 60 A 0.1 12.4 F 38.2 35.9 F 23.5 80.5 F 17.5 29.5 F 19.8 0.0 A 0.0
Halifax 5.9 D 16.7 100 D 16.8 4.3 B 8.2 4.2 B 8.2 63 B 9.2 16.9 B 9.1 59.7 E 11.2 49.8 E 14.0 64.7 E 12.0 0.4 A 0.5
Quebec 4.4 C 12.1 62 D 23.8 5.7 D 18.1 4.7 C 11.1 63 B 9.5 19.2 A 4.2 63.2 E 11.3 81.7 E 11.6 21.5 E 11.8 0.0 A 0.0
Montreal 5.7 D 18.9 120 C 11.5 5.7 B 5.6 5.8 C 12.2 58 B 6.6 18.4 A 2.5 51.3 C 5.5 70.4 C 6.7 52.7 D 7.6 10.9 B 4.2
Ottawa-Gatineau 3.4 C 10.5 218 B 5.2 6.7 D 19.1 5.6 B 6.4 58 B 10.0 17.0 B 7.0 45.8 E 11.5 42.4 F 16.7 63.6 E 14.9 6.1 B 4.5
Toronto 4.2 B 7.2 114 E 34.9 5.3 B 7.4 6.5 B 6.8 52 B 7.8 18.0 A 3.5 71.2 B 4.2 71.5 C 5.5 47.6 C 5.9 10.1 B 3.3
Kingston 3.8 B 7.5 105 F 44.0 7.4 D 17.9 6.9 C 12.5 45 D 22.9 19.7 A 2.9 50.7 D 9.8 66.5 E 13.0 35.3 E 13.0 0.0 A 0.0
Hamilton 5.2 C 11.8 239 D 20.2 5.2 A 4.3 3.7 C 13.3 96 D 15.2 18.0 A 4.8 78.9 D 8.2 72.8 E 11.1 51.6 E 14.0 3.4 B 2.7
St. Catharines-Niagara 4.0 B 9.2 74 F 61.3 5.3 C 14.9 5.9 C 10.1 70 C 13.2 18.0 B 6.6 83.8 D 8.0 81.7 D 9.3 42.9 E 12.0 1.1 A 0.8
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 3.6 B 9.8 174 F 38.9 3.6 E 32.3 5.0 C 14.5 53 B 6.8 17.9 B 6.7 61.0 E 11.0 67.9 E 11.0 34.8 E 10.7 7.8 C 7.4
London 3.2 B 7.4 141 F 37.8 4.7 C 10.7 4.1 E 31.1 59 C 13.5 19.5 A 0.9 84.3 C 6.6 79.9 D 8.4 29.5 D 10.0 1.9 A 1.9
Windsor 3.4 C 10.1 101 C 14.8 5.1 B 6.8 6.8 B 8.0 64 B 7.0 17.5 B 7.2 65.5 E 12.6 73.8 E 14.6 68.0 E 12.6 5.9 B 4.1
Thunder Bay 5.6 C 10.8 120 D 18.1 4.9 B 9.6 6.4 C 12.6 53 B 9.0 18.3 B 7.0 72.0 E 10.1 93.8 B 3.4 67.9 E 10.6 9.8 C 6.5
Winnipeg 5.4 C 11.4 238 C 14.9 4.3 B 8.5 6.1 D 15.6 47 B 9.5 17.2 C 10.3 56.2 E 10.0 92.4 B 4.1 28.4 D 9.8 4.3 B 3.8
Calgary 3.6 A 4.0 239 D 15.4 5.4 D 15.8 10.7 E 33.5 41 D 23.9 17.4 A 5.0 74.5 D 7.7 48.1 E 11.6 45.3 E 12.2 10.3 C 5.7
Edmonton 5.6 C 11.6 155 D 17.7 4.8 B 7.7 4.1 E 27.1 53 D 22.3 16.1 B 6.3 49.6 D 9.9 33.0 E 12.4 55.7 E 14.5 19.6 E 11.0
Vancouver 5.3 D 17.0 77 E 25.7 5.3 A 4.6 5.8 C 11.9 85 E 26.9 17.6 B 8.5 62.6 C 6.7 62.4 D 8.6 42.7 D 9.0 22.3 C 7.2
Victoria 5.0 D 17.3 170 F 35.9 5.1 D 17.8 2.6 D 22.7 64 B 5.5 19.5 A 1.5 51.9 F 17.1 16.9 E 13.1 69.5 F 21.8 23.9 F 21.1
3.7 A 4.8 136 C 11.2 4.6 B 7.6 4.4 A 4.4 72 C 10.1 16.6 B 5.7 78.9 B 3.4 95.0 A 2.0 17.8 B 2.9 5.8 A 2.1
4.5 B 5.6 118 D 16.9 5.1 A 4.2 4.6 C 11.7 52 B 7.6 17.5 A 3.3 53.1 B 4.7 76.6 C 5.0 43.8 C 6.6 9.7 B 3.3
4.4 B 6.7 142 D 15.4 5.3 A 4.3 5.4 B 5.9 81 D 16.3 17.4 A 3.2 72.5 B 3.7 72.3 C 5.1 44.4 C 5.0 8.3 B 3.0
4.4 A 4.7 146 D 18.2 4.8 A 4.9 5.5 C 11.5 58 B 5.3 18.0 A 2.9 71.8 B 3.8 78.5 B 4.9 27.2 B 5.0 7.5 B 3.3
4.6 C 11.9 137 D 19.0 4.4 B 9.0 4.7 C 12.3 61 D 20.4 18.5 A 2.0 67.7 B 4.7 84.4 B 3.7 34.6 C 5.7 7.0 B 2.8
4.6 B 7.5 146 D 21.3 5.7 B 5.8 5.3 B 6.6 51 A 4.4 18.6 A 2.9 62.6 B 5.0 81.0 C 5.3 36.6 C 6.0 9.4 B 4.5
6.0 C 14.0 115 D 17.2 5.1 B 6.5 6.5 D 15.5 54 B 9.5 18.0 A 3.0 57.0 C 5.3 51.9 C 7.4 52.5 C 6.9 16.5 C 5.1
4.4 C 10.6 159 C 10.6 6.4 B 5.7 7.3 C 13.9 58 C 10.3 18.0 A 3.3 62.6 C 5.0 76.3 C 6.2 30.0 C 6.7 8.9 B 2.9
4.6 B 8.0 165 C 12.6 6.9 C 11.5 5.2 C 10.3 54 B 7.0 17.6 B 6.2 62.7 B 4.8 73.0 C 6.4 41.2 C 6.7 10.5 C 5.9
5.2 C 11.5 136 D 17.8 6.1 B 6.5 5.3 B 7.7 70 B 7.9 18.0 A 4.7 63.4 B 4.9 63.7 C 6.2 65.1 C 5.4 6.2 B 2.5
Tourism 4.4 B 7.7 162 C 13.1 6.3 B 7.1 7.1 C 14.0 57 C 10.0 16.4 B 7.6 54.3 C 5.2 74.0 C 5.6 37.8 C 6.3 7.1 A 2.3
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
3.9 B 5.3 267 C 13.6 5.5 B 8.3 8.5 D 19.0 54 B 7.2 18.8 A 2.5 61.3 C 7.0 40.8 E 10.9 76.6 C 7.2 4.8 B 3.1
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 7.3 B 7.8 127 D 21.6 5.0 C 10.0 5.2 B 7.1 62 C 13.5 15.8 C 11.2 66.2 E 10.6 77.3 E 11.5 67.2 E 11.3 6.8 B 4.6
Rural 4.1 A 3.6 139 B 8.3 5.1 A 4.1 4.2 A 4.8 60 B 7.2 17.5 A 2.2 73.1 B 2.8 90.7 A 1.8 30.6 B 3.6 6.2 A 1.8
Urban 4.7 B 5.3 139 B 7.5 5.4 A 3.1 5.8 A 4.3 63 A 4.9 17.9 A 1.5 61.3 A 1.9 70.0 A 2.3 44.9 A 2.5 9.4 A 1.3
Exporter 5.3 B 9.8 139 C 13.1 5.3 B 5.2 5.4 B 6.9 61 A 4.5 17.6 A 3.8 65.6 B 3.9 70.8 B 4.4 43.1 B 4.7 13.3 B 3.3
Non-exporter 4.4 A 4.3 139 B 6.2 5.4 A 3.0 5.2 A 4.0 62 A 4.6 17.9 A 1.3 63.8 A 1.8 76.3 A 2.0 40.8 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.1
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 4.4 B 6.2 133 D 15.1 5.3 B 5.1 6.3 B 8.9 54 B 6.3 17.1 B 5.5 59.4 C 5.4 74.9 C 5.2 40.7 C 5.9 6.1 B 2.5
4.2 A 4.9 166 C 13.9 5.3 A 4.7 4.5 B 7.3 77 C 11.7 18.1 A 2.8 63.7 C 5.1 73.3 C 5.9 35.3 C 6.0 11.6 B 3.5
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 4.5 B 6.7 132 B 8.2 5.4 A 4.5 5.1 A 4.8 62 B 6.2 18.3 A 1.4 69.2 A 2.3 80.9 A 2.5 38.5 B 3.3 7.0 A 1.5
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 4.5 B 6.1 153 C 13.3 4.9 B 5.8 4.5 C 14.4 53 B 9.9 17.5 B 7.0 58.2 C 5.2 67.7 C 6.4 42.0 C 6.1 11.0 B 4.2
4.6 B 6.8 123 E 25.2 5.6 B 5.1 5.8 C 14.7 56 B 9.0 17.0 A 4.1 68.7 B 5.0 69.1 C 6.5 49.1 C 6.4 8.9 B 3.8
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 5.3 B 7.8 139 D 19.4 5.6 C 12.4 5.8 B 6.5 60 B 7.6 18.3 A 1.5 52.6 B 4.6 67.6 C 5.8 49.4 C 6.6 9.6 B 3.6
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 5.0 B 7.2 124 D 15.3 5.3 A 3.4 5.6 B 6.4 54 B 6.5 18.0 A 2.2 61.2 B 3.2 68.4 B 4.0 47.3 B 4.0 10.0 A 2.3
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 4.3 A 4.6 151 C 10.2 5.4 A 3.9 5.2 B 5.5 67 B 8.8 18.1 A 3.3 71.6 B 3.3 74.5 B 3.5 38.7 B 4.1 9.5 A 2.1
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 4.4 B 7.3 140 B 7.2 5.3 B 5.4 4.7 B 7.8 64 B 6.8 17.2 A 2.6 65.2 A 2.5 86.0 A 2.3 34.6 B 3.4 5.8 A 1.5
4.9 B 7.0 113 C 13.9 5.0 B 5.4 5.4 B 7.2 67 C 10.7 17.0 A 3.4 66.8 B 3.5 69.6 B 4.0 46.9 B 4.4 12.7 B 2.7
4.8 C 11.5 124 C 12.5 5.2 A 4.6 4.9 A 4.8 75 C 11.6 16.9 A 4.6 69.8 B 3.7 70.3 B 4.8 44.1 C 5.1 10.9 B 2.6
4.9 C 10.5 134 C 13.6 5.3 B 7.4 5.2 C 10.7 61 C 12.2 17.4 A 3.7 61.5 B 4.2 74.0 B 4.8 38.5 C 5.1 10.5 B 2.8
4.1 B 5.6 147 C 14.6 5.1 A 3.6 5.6 B 9.5 67 C 11.5 18.5 A 2.7 59.7 B 4.1 67.6 B 5.0 43.4 C 5.1 10.9 B 3.4
4.6 B 5.5 130 C 10.3 5.2 A 4.0 5.1 B 5.7 65 B 7.3 17.7 A 2.5 64.3 B 2.7 73.4 B 3.0 41.3 B 3.4 11.1 A 2.1
4.3 A 3.9 143 B 7.1 5.3 A 3.2 5.2 B 5.2 60 A 4.8 18.0 A 1.5 62.7 A 2.2 76.2 A 2.5 42.0 B 2.8 7.7 A 1.4
Holds IP 4.6 B 6.2 116 C 12.1 5.1 A 3.3 5.6 B 5.5 63 B 6.9 17.4 A 2.9 67.3 B 2.9 69.7 B 3.7 48.1 B 3.7 12.1 A 2.3
Holds Formal IP 5.0 C 10.4 132 C 11.6 4.9 A 4.4 6.1 B 7.5 67 B 7.8 17.3 A 3.3 74.3 B 3.3 78.3 B 4.0 38.4 C 5.1 11.7 B 3.3
No IP 4.3 A 3.6 148 B 6.4 5.4 A 3.4 5.0 A 4.9 63 B 5.2 18.1 A 1.4 61.5 A 2.1 77.8 A 2.1 38.4 B 2.6 7.6 A 1.4
Familiar with at least one type of IP 4.5 A 3.9 134 B 6.6 5.2 A 2.8 5.1 A 4.1 63 B 5.3 17.8 A 1.5 63.8 A 1.8 73.5 A 2.1 41.3 A 2.3 9.9 A 1.4
Not familiar with any type of IP 4.1 A 3.7 150 C 12.7 5.4 B 6.0 5.4 B 9.2 60 B 6.0 18.1 A 2.6 61.2 B 4.2 82.0 B 3.8 43.6 C 5.6 5.5 A 2.0
Procurement Did business with Federal government 3.8 B 9.3 124 C 13.4 4.7 A 4.4 4.7 B 6.2 44 B 7.2 18.2 A 3.3 71.8 B 4.2 85.5 B 3.9 32.6 C 5.3 8.6 B 2.7
<30 years old 3.2 A 2.3 225 B 7.2 4.7 B 6.2 5.1 C 13.0 72 D 18.8 19.1 A 2.1 42.9 D 9.6 67.0 F 17.0 47.0 F 15.3 3.8 B 3.0
30 to 39 years old 4.9 C 10.4 141 C 10.7 5.5 B 5.3 5.7 B 6.9 59 C 11.4 18.3 A 2.0 59.9 B 3.9 69.9 B 5.0 41.4 C 5.3 11.7 B 3.3
40 to 49 years old 4.5 A 4.7 157 C 10.8 5.5 A 4.2 5.2 B 6.3 64 B 9.0 17.3 A 3.2 64.8 B 2.9 74.3 B 3.4 43.1 B 3.8 8.3 A 2.0
50 to 64 years old 4.3 A 4.6 135 B 8.8 5.3 A 4.9 5.2 B 6.2 62 B 5.8 18.0 A 1.8 67.7 A 2.5 77.2 B 2.6 39.0 B 3.1 9.0 A 1.7
65+ years old 5.5 D 16.2 98 C 13.7 5.2 B 9.1 4.5 B 8.4 55 B 7.2 17.7 B 5.3 60.9 C 6.1 81.3 C 6.6 43.9 D 8.0 3.3 A 1.6
Less than high school 4.0 B 8.9 109 D 21.4 5.6 B 6.5 5.7 C 14.6 67 D 15.8 17.5 A 4.3 64.2 C 6.0 85.8 B 4.5 40.5 D 8.5 5.1 B 3.2
High school 4.2 A 4.5 132 C 11.9 5.8 B 7.8 5.0 B 5.3 59 A 4.0 16.3 A 4.7 62.9 B 3.6 80.9 B 3.9 35.7 B 4.3 4.8 A 1.7
College/Cegep/Trade School 4.7 B 5.2 148 C 10.1 5.5 A 4.6 5.1 B 7.6 64 B 9.1 18.4 A 2.1 61.5 B 2.8 76.9 B 3.0 41.8 B 3.7 10.4 A 2.3
Bachelor's degree 4.4 B 7.6 147 C 11.6 4.8 A 3.7 5.2 B 6.5 59 B 8.0 18.4 A 1.4 66.8 B 3.0 70.3 B 3.9 42.9 B 4.0 10.5 A 2.2
Master's degree or above 5.3 C 14.4 123 C 12.6 5.4 B 5.8 5.6 B 7.8 64 C 11.7 18.2 A 2.6 66.5 B 5.0 68.8 C 5.5 45.3 C 6.0 8.2 B 2.8
In Canada 4.5 A 4.6 133 B 5.1 5.3 A 3.1 5.0 A 3.6 61 A 3.9 17.6 A 1.6 63.7 A 1.8 77.7 A 1.9 38.4 A 2.3 8.7 A 1.2
Outside Canada 4.6 B 8.0 158 D 15.9 5.5 B 5.2 6.0 C 11.1 65 C 14.3 18.5 A 2.1 65.3 B 3.8 68.6 B 4.6 49.7 B 4.8 8.2 A 2.5
0% 4.5 B 5.4 131 B 8.8 5.4 A 4.2 5.4 B 5.4 61 B 5.0 17.7 A 2.0 61.2 A 2.4 76.0 B 2.6 39.4 B 3.0 8.2 A 1.5
1% to 49% 4.7 C 12.1 148 C 11.0 4.7 B 8.0 4.9 B 6.6 62 B 6.6 17.5 A 2.7 74.4 B 3.7 81.4 C 5.3 41.6 C 6.0 6.4 A 2.4
50% 4.4 A 4.0 143 B 9.6 5.5 A 4.6 4.8 B 6.5 64 C 10.0 17.7 A 2.1 68.2 B 3.0 79.2 B 3.0 37.7 B 3.7 9.3 A 2.3
51% to 99% 4.5 B 6.6 108 F 51.4 6.5 D 16.9 7.1 D 21.4 77 C 13.8 19.6 B 7.1 57.2 E 10.1 69.1 E 11.9 40.5 E 13.5 21.9 E 11.9
100% 4.9 C 13.9 168 C 14.0 5.4 B 5.1 4.9 C 11.4 53 D 16.3 18.4 A 2.8 60.5 C 5.3 59.1 C 7.1 56.3 C 6.9 7.1 B 3.1
Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
4.6 B 6.9 32 D 24.0 5.5 A 4.6 8.8 D 18.8 54 B 8.8 18.2 B 5.4 73.0 D 9.5 79.2 D 7.6 63.0 E 11.9 3.4 A 2.5
Co-operatives Co-operatives 4.3 A 3.9 105 B 7.3 6.2 B 5.5 4.9 A 4.1 81 B 9.7 16.1 A 3.5 74.2 B 2.9 92.0 A 1.8 7.6 A 1.8 9.8 A 1.8
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 5.5 D 16.8 100 D 20.9 4.9 B 6.4 5.0 B 7.1 62 B 6.9 17.5 A 2.2 65.7 B 3.6 89.0 A 2.4 22.0 B 3.4 6.1 A 2.4
Not-for-profit 4.9 A 1.9 124 B 9.1 5.9 A 4.3 5.2 B 8.8 72 B 7.1 16.9 A 1.6 52.1 B 2.9 91.0 A 2.0 5.5 A 1.6 9.0 A 2.0
Charity 4.0 A 2.3 99 B 8.3 4.4 A 3.6 5.1 B 6.0 44 B 7.4 17.7 A 2.3 62.6 B 3.6 97.5 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.5 A 0.4
For-profit 4.2 B 8.2 128 D 19.0 4.8 B 5.9 5.1 C 14.4 53 B 8.6 18.6 A 3.2 65.2 C 6.6 68.8 D 8.1 43.4 D 8.4 11.0 B 4.5
4.6 A 4.5 132 B 6.4 5.4 A 2.9 5.2 A 3.9 62 A 4.5 17.9 A 1.3 64.4 A 1.7 75.7 A 2.0 41.5 A 2.2 8.4 A 1.1
4.1 A 4.6 177 C 11.5 5.2 A 4.7 5.0 B 7.8 61 B 7.3 17.8 B 5.6 61.7 B 4.6 73.8 C 5.0 38.4 C 5.2 9.5 B 4.1
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Social Enterprises
New or significantly improved good or service
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Average interest rate
Was asked to provide
some type of
collateral
Type
Business asset Personal asset OtherAverage interest rate
Average length of
termAverage interest rate
Average length of
term
Line of credit
Average interest rate
Table 6: Debt Financing Terms and ConditionsSurvey question(s):
C.5. What was the annual interest rate on this mortgage?
C.6. What was the length of term of this mortgage (in months)?
C.11. What was the annual interest rate on this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit?
C.16. What was the annual interest rate on this term loan?
C.17. What was the length of term of this term loan (in months)?
C.22. What was the annual interest rate on this business credit card or increase in the credit card limit?
C.24. In 2017, what collateral did your business provide to obtain new debt financing (mortgages, term loans, line of credit, business credit card)? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
C.5 and C.6 are applicable only to those that were approved for a non-residential mortgage in 2017.
C.11 is applicable only to those that were approved for a new business line of credit in 2017.
C.16 and C.17 are applicable only to those that were approved for term loans in 2017.
C.22 is applicable only to those that were approved for a new business credit card or increase in the current credit card limit in 2017.
C.24 is only applicable for those who were approved for a non-residential mortgage, term loan, business line of credit or a business credit card in 2017
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Credit card CollateralNon-residential mortgage Term loan
Employment Size
Region
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
CMA Level
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Special industry
aggregations
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 14.6 A 1.0 15.4 A 1.1 14.5 A 1.1 24.8 A 1.3 62.1 A 1.6 6.7 A 0.9 8.6 A 1.0 7.9 A 0.8 13.6 A 1.0
1 to 4 employees 15.4 A 1.8 14.4 A 1.8 15.7 A 2.0 24.8 A 2.2 61.8 B 2.6 7.7 A 1.7 11.2 A 1.9 7.1 A 1.4 14.1 A 1.8
5 to 19 employees 13.7 A 1.6 18.1 A 2.0 12.8 A 1.4 22.6 A 2.1 63.4 A 2.5 5.5 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.1 8.5 A 1.2 11.1 A 1.4
20 to 99 employees 13.6 A 2.1 10.9 A 1.6 15.3 A 2.2 28.7 B 2.8 61.9 B 3.2 7.1 A 1.6 7.4 A 2.3 8.2 A 1.6 18.0 A 2.4
100 to 499 employees 19.7 B 2.7 15.3 B 2.9 15.5 A 2.3 37.0 B 3.9 48.6 B 3.8 5.7 A 1.7 3.0 A 0.7 10.2 A 2.3 17.9 B 2.9
Atlantic 15.7 B 3.9 17.6 B 3.5 5.6 A 1.4 24.1 B 3.9 54.2 B 4.7 3.2 A 1.8 7.0 B 2.8 8.0 B 2.8 17.2 B 3.7
Quebec 9.2 A 1.7 14.1 A 2.5 11.0 A 2.2 26.0 B 3.2 58.3 B 3.6 7.9 A 2.3 10.0 A 2.0 9.0 A 2.0 21.0 B 2.6
Ontario 14.7 A 1.7 19.2 A 2.1 16.7 A 1.8 22.9 A 2.0 61.1 B 2.5 7.8 A 1.5 11.1 A 2.1 7.8 A 1.2 12.0 A 1.5
Northern Ontario 17.1 B 4.6 21.7 B 4.6 14.3 B 4.0 34.3 C 5.9 56.8 C 6.0 2.4 A 1.6 10.6 B 3.9 5.2 A 2.0 18.1 B 4.6
Southern Ontario 14.6 A 1.8 19.1 A 2.2 16.8 A 1.9 22.3 A 2.0 61.3 B 2.7 8.1 A 1.5 11.2 A 2.2 7.9 A 1.3 11.7 A 1.6
Prairies 18.3 B 2.7 14.2 A 1.8 13.3 A 2.1 28.3 B 2.8 67.2 B 3.0 5.3 A 1.3 5.8 A 1.3 7.9 A 1.4 8.3 A 1.6
Manitoba 20.6 C 5.8 10.8 B 3.0 13.1 B 4.3 31.6 C 6.3 67.0 C 6.1 4.9 A 2.3 3.6 A 1.9 8.2 B 3.2 6.4 A 2.4
Saskatchewan 21.9 C 5.5 25.6 C 5.1 17.2 B 4.8 29.8 B 4.9 55.4 C 5.9 4.1 A 2.4 3.9 A 1.8 11.2 B 4.1 10.5 B 4.1
Alberta 16.5 B 3.5 11.7 A 2.2 12.1 B 2.7 27.0 B 3.7 70.8 B 4.0 5.8 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.9 6.8 A 1.6 8.1 A 2.1
British Columbia and Territories 18.3 B 3.1 10.2 B 2.8 21.2 B 3.7 22.6 B 3.6 67.6 B 3.9 5.2 A 2.1 5.4 A 1.7 6.3 A 1.8 9.3 A 2.2
St. John's 53.9 F 26.5 22.5 F 16.2 6.7 C 6.9 19.3 F 15.2 27.6 F 18.3 12.6 E 12.8 0.0 A 0.0 12.6 E 12.8 65.7 F 21.1
Halifax 19.7 E 10.6 16.5 E 10.3 12.4 C 5.1 15.3 C 5.6 48.8 E 11.1 12.6 D 8.6 1.3 A 1.2 8.5 C 5.8 28.9 E 10.2
Quebec 19.7 D 8.3 25.0 E 10.1 15.6 C 7.4 40.6 E 10.7 52.3 E 11.2 5.4 B 3.6 2.9 B 2.7 15.7 D 7.9 16.0 C 7.5
Montreal 4.3 A 1.9 7.8 A 2.0 9.9 B 2.7 20.5 B 4.0 71.8 B 4.7 9.0 B 3.1 9.9 B 3.3 9.0 B 2.9 19.9 B 4.2
Ottawa-Gatineau 9.0 B 4.6 14.8 C 5.7 19.4 D 7.9 19.3 D 7.7 62.4 E 10.9 4.0 A 1.9 24.4 E 11.7 3.5 A 1.7 10.6 B 4.2
Toronto 12.5 B 3.1 18.4 B 3.5 15.1 B 2.9 17.1 B 2.9 65.5 B 4.3 12.9 B 3.0 10.0 B 3.4 8.7 A 2.1 12.3 B 2.9
Kingston 22.3 D 8.1 3.1 A 2.4 21.2 D 8.0 33.9 D 8.8 53.8 D 9.0 1.3 A 1.2 6.8 B 3.5 9.1 C 6.8 15.8 C 6.1
Hamilton 9.5 C 5.2 28.2 E 10.3 25.5 E 10.0 37.2 E 10.6 57.1 E 11.1 9.3 D 8.4 4.3 A 2.2 10.0 D 8.4 10.8 C 5.4
St. Catharines-Niagara 31.4 F 15.1 9.0 C 5.2 12.7 C 6.8 17.1 D 7.6 63.2 E 11.6 2.3 A 2.2 4.9 B 4.8 9.3 D 8.7 13.9 C 5.9
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 2.2 A 1.7 9.9 B 4.4 28.1 E 10.6 24.9 D 8.0 61.4 E 10.3 3.7 B 2.6 12.0 C 5.4 4.7 B 2.9 13.7 C 7.3
London 20.4 C 7.5 11.5 C 6.4 5.3 A 2.3 29.2 D 10.0 53.2 E 11.1 0.3 A 0.2 0.3 A 0.2 1.1 A 1.1 11.4 C 6.4
Windsor 11.5 C 6.2 7.6 B 4.4 14.0 C 7.1 25.4 E 11.2 70.1 E 10.0 7.0 C 5.7 18.7 E 10.5 23.9 E 11.2 18.1 D 8.9
Thunder Bay 31.2 E 11.1 29.7 E 10.4 23.2 E 10.7 29.4 E 10.7 71.1 D 8.8 1.5 A 1.5 19.4 D 7.6 8.9 B 4.7 14.7 C 7.2
Winnipeg 15.4 C 6.6 7.9 B 3.0 10.6 B 4.7 26.3 C 6.9 68.4 D 8.2 2.0 A 1.6 5.5 B 3.2 6.2 B 3.4 8.4 B 3.5
Calgary 8.3 B 4.1 7.2 B 3.5 20.9 C 6.7 28.6 C 7.3 79.8 C 6.4 7.5 B 3.8 8.0 B 4.0 14.4 C 5.0 11.9 C 5.1
Edmonton 11.8 B 4.8 10.2 B 4.7 12.9 C 5.9 21.7 C 6.9 78.0 C 6.8 10.1 C 5.1 2.7 A 1.9 6.4 B 3.0 9.0 B 4.2
Vancouver 9.7 B 3.4 11.5 B 4.8 31.8 C 6.3 22.8 C 5.5 73.6 C 5.4 9.1 B 4.1 4.9 A 2.3 7.5 B 2.9 10.3 B 3.4
Victoria 8.7 C 6.5 13.9 E 12.7 4.7 B 4.5 18.7 E 13.2 71.7 E 14.9 0.7 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 42.0 F 17.1
34.3 B 4.1 15.6 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.6 37.6 B 3.9 48.7 B 4.1 1.3 A 0.5 9.2 A 2.4 0.7 A 0.3 14.4 B 3.0
10.3 A 2.2 16.3 B 3.3 8.6 A 2.2 24.4 B 3.9 69.5 B 4.2 3.6 A 1.4 2.8 A 1.1 4.7 A 1.4 9.5 A 2.2
12.9 B 3.1 10.8 A 2.2 14.7 B 2.6 40.0 B 4.0 64.2 B 3.8 12.6 B 3.2 9.7 B 2.8 14.1 B 2.6 14.8 B 2.5
9.4 A 2.2 15.4 B 2.9 13.8 B 2.7 17.0 B 3.2 66.9 B 4.1 6.5 A 2.3 6.7 A 2.3 14.1 B 3.0 14.6 B 3.1
8.0 A 2.2 18.7 B 4.1 12.4 A 2.5 16.0 B 3.6 66.6 B 4.6 2.9 A 1.2 9.1 B 2.8 7.8 B 3.0 17.8 B 3.7
14.4 B 3.3 32.2 B 4.0 7.1 A 1.9 18.1 B 3.7 48.9 B 4.6 1.3 A 0.8 2.9 A 1.2 4.4 A 1.4 10.2 B 3.0
6.3 A 2.0 8.4 A 2.5 33.5 B 4.6 22.7 B 4.4 69.1 B 4.5 19.0 B 4.2 6.4 B 3.1 15.5 B 3.9 15.8 B 3.3
15.8 B 3.3 4.4 A 1.4 9.9 B 2.7 34.2 B 4.8 64.6 B 4.8 4.2 A 1.9 10.8 B 3.2 8.2 B 2.8 11.1 B 3.3
21.6 B 4.1 19.5 B 3.5 12.4 B 2.7 23.4 B 3.7 66.7 B 4.6 3.7 A 1.4 10.9 B 2.5 6.6 A 1.8 11.9 B 3.0
17.3 B 3.6 13.6 B 3.3 23.0 B 4.3 22.5 B 3.6 53.6 B 4.9 11.4 B 3.7 16.2 B 3.9 8.4 A 2.2 15.4 B 2.9
Tourism 16.0 B 3.1 13.4 B 4.2 17.0 B 4.2 29.5 B 4.5 63.9 B 4.7 7.5 B 3.3 11.9 B 3.7 5.6 A 1.9 11.3 B 2.8
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
11.9 C 6.7 4.7 B 2.7 29.5 C 5.9 10.4 B 4.0 69.3 C 7.3 19.0 B 4.9 1.7 A 1.7 7.4 B 3.0 18.2 C 5.1
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 7.3 B 4.0 10.4 C 5.8 44.8 E 11.5 58.9 E 11.7 49.0 E 11.6 27.0 E 10.7 17.6 E 11.0 21.1 E 10.8 4.5 A 2.4
Rural 21.9 A 2.4 18.5 A 2.1 7.0 A 1.2 31.4 B 2.9 52.7 B 3.2 3.6 A 1.3 9.7 A 2.1 6.6 A 1.5 11.7 A 1.9
Urban 12.4 A 1.1 14.5 A 1.3 16.7 A 1.4 22.9 A 1.4 64.9 A 1.8 7.6 A 1.1 8.3 A 1.1 8.3 A 0.9 14.2 A 1.2
Exporter 10.0 A 1.6 13.0 B 2.5 18.8 B 2.8 22.2 B 2.9 62.8 B 3.5 12.6 B 2.7 4.3 A 1.4 11.4 A 2.1 18.4 B 3.1
Non-exporter 15.3 A 1.2 15.8 A 1.2 13.7 A 1.2 25.3 A 1.5 62.0 A 1.7 5.7 A 0.9 9.4 A 1.1 7.3 A 0.9 12.8 A 1.0
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 9.1 A 2.2 15.3 B 3.7 22.1 B 4.4 24.3 B 4.1 80.5 B 3.5 13.6 B 3.8 3.7 A 1.4 12.8 B 2.9 7.9 A 1.7
12.8 A 2.4 17.9 B 4.2 11.2 A 2.2 22.3 B 4.0 52.0 B 4.7 7.6 B 2.6 11.6 B 4.1 10.0 B 2.6 18.0 B 3.3
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 17.2 A 1.8 15.2 A 1.5 12.4 A 1.8 23.8 A 2.0 56.8 A 2.4 5.3 A 1.4 8.7 A 1.4 7.3 A 1.2 13.6 A 1.5
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 16.2 B 3.0 14.6 B 3.2 15.0 B 2.9 21.6 B 3.4 57.0 B 4.8 4.9 A 1.6 7.8 A 1.9 5.7 A 1.6 16.0 B 3.7
17.4 B 3.9 13.1 B 2.9 9.0 A 2.2 22.5 B 4.0 67.5 B 4.7 5.3 A 2.0 15.3 B 3.6 6.5 A 1.9 17.4 B 4.0
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 9.2 A 2.4 15.8 B 3.5 23.4 B 3.7 37.7 B 4.3 76.3 B 3.1 7.2 A 2.2 2.7 A 0.9 6.9 B 3.0 10.1 A 2.1
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 11.2 A 1.7 13.5 A 1.8 13.6 A 2.1 18.5 A 1.9 65.1 B 2.9 7.5 A 1.7 12.2 A 2.2 8.3 A 1.3 13.3 A 1.9
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 15.5 A 2.1 16.3 B 2.6 13.5 A 2.1 29.6 B 3.2 58.3 B 3.2 7.0 A 2.0 9.3 A 1.9 7.0 A 1.6 11.7 A 1.9
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 19.9 A 2.1 16.7 A 1.8 12.7 A 1.6 23.1 A 1.9 56.1 B 2.5 5.2 A 1.2 6.3 A 1.1 8.6 A 1.4 16.8 A 1.8
12.3 A 2.0 15.3 B 2.6 17.9 A 2.4 28.1 B 3.1 69.0 B 3.1 10.5 A 1.9 5.8 A 1.6 14.0 A 2.2 13.8 A 2.2
12.2 A 1.9 13.3 B 2.7 20.0 B 3.0 36.8 B 3.7 68.4 B 3.5 12.9 B 2.6 4.6 A 1.1 13.5 A 2.2 11.6 A 2.0
10.6 A 1.8 16.1 B 3.1 21.8 B 3.1 31.8 B 3.9 65.0 B 3.8 9.0 A 2.2 5.5 A 1.3 14.8 B 2.7 15.3 B 2.8
8.6 A 1.7 15.0 B 2.6 19.7 B 2.8 25.2 B 3.3 70.3 B 3.6 7.6 A 1.6 5.9 A 1.3 11.4 A 1.8 15.4 B 2.8
12.2 A 1.5 15.2 A 1.9 17.8 A 1.9 27.9 A 2.3 65.8 A 2.4 8.1 A 1.3 6.5 A 1.2 10.6 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.6
16.7 A 1.5 16.6 A 1.5 12.6 A 1.5 23.3 A 1.6 59.7 A 2.1 6.2 A 1.3 9.7 A 1.4 6.6 A 1.0 13.1 A 1.3
Holds IP 13.4 A 1.9 12.6 A 1.8 18.6 A 2.1 21.8 A 2.2 63.4 B 2.8 11.6 A 2.0 9.4 A 2.1 13.9 A 1.9 15.4 A 2.0
Holds Formal IP 11.3 A 2.0 12.5 B 2.5 22.0 B 3.2 25.9 B 3.1 66.7 B 3.6 10.5 A 2.2 5.1 A 1.4 16.1 B 2.9 11.9 A 2.3
No IP 15.5 A 1.3 17.5 A 1.5 12.9 A 1.4 26.7 A 1.7 61.6 A 1.9 4.9 A 1.0 8.0 A 1.1 5.7 A 0.9 12.5 A 1.2
Familiar with at least one type of IP 14.2 A 1.2 15.4 A 1.3 15.7 A 1.2 24.6 A 1.5 65.3 A 1.7 7.7 A 1.0 8.7 A 1.1 9.3 A 1.0 13.2 A 1.1
Not familiar with any type of IP 17.3 B 2.9 18.4 B 2.9 10.7 B 3.0 27.5 B 3.6 49.9 B 3.9 4.1 B 2.5 7.3 A 2.3 3.7 A 1.2 14.3 B 2.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 19.6 B 3.8 11.9 B 2.9 14.8 B 3.1 17.7 B 3.7 59.3 B 4.5 5.3 A 1.7 6.3 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.9 13.2 B 3.1
<30 years old 10.2 C 5.3 16.6 B 4.8 9.6 B 3.7 22.4 C 5.6 75.9 C 6.9 2.7 A 1.4 11.6 C 5.7 1.7 A 1.0 7.6 B 3.7
30 to 39 years old 12.2 A 2.0 13.3 A 2.0 14.2 A 2.3 27.4 B 3.0 66.6 B 3.5 7.5 A 1.8 7.1 A 2.2 7.7 A 1.6 12.9 B 2.5
40 to 49 years old 13.8 A 1.9 17.2 A 2.3 18.9 A 2.4 29.3 B 2.7 65.9 B 2.7 8.1 A 1.9 10.9 A 2.0 9.3 A 1.6 11.3 A 1.6
50 to 64 years old 17.8 A 1.8 15.9 A 1.9 11.9 A 1.4 21.2 A 1.9 58.9 A 2.4 4.8 A 0.9 7.2 A 1.3 7.9 A 1.3 15.5 A 1.7
65+ years old 8.3 A 2.1 11.3 B 2.6 15.2 B 4.9 24.1 B 4.8 53.1 C 5.9 10.4 B 4.8 10.2 B 4.1 6.4 A 2.1 14.8 B 3.3
Less than high school 13.0 B 3.5 21.4 B 4.2 8.2 B 3.3 35.0 C 6.1 49.1 C 5.8 1.8 A 0.9 10.0 B 3.2 7.5 B 2.7 12.6 B 3.5
High school 12.8 A 1.9 21.5 B 3.1 13.8 A 2.2 26.6 B 3.1 61.2 B 3.4 5.6 A 1.6 6.4 A 1.6 8.0 A 2.0 12.8 A 2.0
College/Cegep/Trade School 17.3 A 2.2 17.5 A 2.0 13.5 A 1.8 25.5 A 2.2 60.8 B 2.7 4.7 A 1.1 9.2 A 1.7 7.9 A 1.3 12.4 A 1.8
Bachelor's degree 13.8 A 2.0 9.9 A 1.5 15.6 A 2.0 23.2 A 2.3 66.0 B 3.0 8.2 A 1.7 8.6 A 2.2 7.5 A 1.4 15.1 A 2.1
Master's degree or above 13.9 B 2.7 7.7 A 2.4 18.8 B 4.3 18.1 B 3.3 66.0 B 4.5 12.6 B 3.9 10.5 B 3.0 8.7 A 2.2 14.9 B 2.7
In Canada 14.4 A 1.1 16.2 A 1.3 13.2 A 1.1 26.3 A 1.5 60.9 A 1.7 5.6 A 0.8 8.1 A 1.0 7.5 A 0.9 14.4 A 1.2
Outside Canada 15.2 B 2.6 12.9 A 2.2 18.4 B 3.0 20.4 B 2.7 65.7 B 3.5 9.9 B 2.5 10.4 A 2.4 9.2 A 1.7 11.1 A 2.0
0% 11.3 A 1.2 16.3 A 1.7 14.5 A 1.6 24.9 A 1.9 61.9 A 2.2 7.0 A 1.4 7.6 A 1.2 7.2 A 1.1 12.9 A 1.3
1% to 49% 18.0 B 3.4 9.5 A 1.8 16.0 B 3.1 26.9 B 3.7 61.2 B 4.3 5.1 A 2.3 8.8 B 2.6 8.7 B 2.6 15.7 B 2.8
50% 21.9 B 2.5 21.1 B 2.6 13.6 A 2.1 28.6 B 2.7 63.3 B 2.9 7.1 A 1.7 6.3 A 1.4 9.5 A 1.7 13.5 A 2.1
51% to 99% 27.2 D 9.6 10.7 C 5.2 19.1 D 8.0 24.6 D 8.0 68.2 D 9.5 3.8 A 1.8 19.0 D 9.2 3.0 A 1.6 9.7 B 4.3
100% 7.5 A 2.2 7.8 A 2.3 13.0 B 3.0 14.7 B 3.3 59.8 C 5.3 7.0 A 2.1 14.8 B 4.4 8.5 A 2.4 15.7 B 4.3
Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
14.8 B 3.9 15.5 B 3.5 8.2 A 2.0 23.1 B 3.7 67.7 B 5.0 8.2 B 2.8 17.9 B 4.4 12.8 B 3.1 12.6 B 3.4
Co-operatives Co-operatives 24.8 B 2.7 11.6 A 1.8 14.9 A 2.3 25.1 B 2.8 55.8 B 3.0 1.9 A 0.7 7.9 A 1.8 8.7 A 1.5 25.0 B 2.8
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 12.3 A 2.5 13.3 A 2.4 9.4 A 1.7 16.4 B 2.7 69.4 B 3.2 10.5 A 2.2 6.6 A 1.9 12.6 A 2.2 14.6 A 2.5
Not-for-profit 16.6 A 2.2 4.2 A 0.8 12.1 A 1.9 8.4 A 1.4 58.7 B 2.8 4.5 A 1.0 1.7 A 0.6 5.5 A 1.1 23.5 A 2.5
Charity 31.2 B 3.6 4.5 A 0.5 8.3 A 1.4 11.1 A 2.1 53.8 B 3.6 2.1 A 1.2 1.7 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.2 23.3 B 3.5
For-profit 9.9 B 3.0 16.0 B 4.0 12.8 C 5.0 19.5 B 4.1 69.7 C 5.4 6.9 B 3.9 7.2 B 3.1 8.4 B 3.1 8.1 B 3.1
14.7 A 1.1 15.1 A 1.2 15.1 A 1.2 24.4 A 1.4 62.0 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.0 8.0 A 1.0 7.9 A 0.8 14.1 A 1.1
14.0 B 2.5 17.8 B 3.3 9.7 A 2.3 28.4 B 3.6 63.0 B 4.1 3.0 A 1.4 13.5 B 3.1 8.2 A 2.5 9.1 A 2.3
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
Research and
developmentDebt consolidations
Other machinery or
equipment
Working
capital/operating
capital such as
inventory or paying
suppliers
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Land and buildings Vehicles/rolling stock
Region
To enter a new
market
Construction (NAICS 23)
Other purpose
Intended use of debt financing
Computer hardware
or software
Table 7: Intended Use of Debt FinancingSurvey question(s):
C.23 When you requested debt financing (non-residential mortgage, term loan, business line of credit, business credit card), what were the intended uses of this financing in 2017?
Notes:
C.23 is applicable only to those that requested debt financing in 2017.
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 40.7 C 5.0 32.0 B 4.5 28.3 B 4.3 28.6 B 4.8 16.9 B 4.0 30.2 B 4.5 5.4 A 1.6
1 to 4 employees 39.4 C 7.1 27.5 C 6.4 21.2 B 4.8 32.6 C 7.4 6.5 B 3.0 33.6 C 6.6 6.4 A 2.3
5 to 19 employees 45.3 D 7.8 36.9 C 7.1 41.4 D 7.7 21.5 C 6.1 30.5 D 8.0 25.5 C 6.6 4.2 A 2.3
20 to 99 employees 21.9 D 8.0 39.9 E 10.1 7.7 B 4.3 38.9 E 10.0 21.9 D 7.8 29.8 D 9.1 4.2 B 4.2
100 to 499 employees 84.5 E 11.8 34.5 F 21.6 12.1 D 9.6 34.5 F 21.6 12.1 D 9.6 15.5 E 11.8 0.0 A 0.0
Atlantic 23.1 E 11.3 5.0 B 3.1 21.9 E 11.1 39.3 F 19.6 18.1 D 9.7 52.3 F 16.5 1.6 A 1.7
Quebec 53.0 E 13.6 30.5 E 10.8 24.3 D 9.5 21.8 D 8.4 26.0 E 12.9 30.6 E 12.5 0.8 A 0.6
Ontario 40.0 D 8.0 24.2 C 7.2 26.3 C 5.9 33.4 D 8.6 13.0 B 4.3 25.4 C 6.2 7.8 B 3.1
Northern Ontario 10.5 D 8.0 26.9 F 19.4 20.6 F 15.7 30.5 F 20.0 35.4 F 21.9 29.3 F 19.8 41.1 F 27.1
Southern Ontario 41.5 D 8.3 24.1 C 7.5 26.6 C 6.2 33.5 D 9.0 11.9 B 4.3 25.2 C 6.5 6.2 B 2.6
Prairies 40.2 D 7.9 36.3 D 7.9 26.1 C 7.4 25.8 C 6.9 15.4 C 6.1 30.6 D 8.4 9.7 B 4.3
Manitoba 55.7 F 17.5 53.0 F 17.4 20.0 E 12.5 41.2 F 16.4 20.6 E 14.3 23.6 F 18.4 6.9 C 6.8
Saskatchewan 48.0 F 19.4 19.5 F 15.9 11.3 E 10.6 40.4 F 20.0 11.3 E 10.9 12.1 E 10.4 10.9 E 10.5
Alberta 30.6 D 9.2 31.4 D 9.6 32.4 E 10.3 15.0 C 6.3 13.6 C 6.9 38.1 E 10.6 10.8 C 6.2
British Columbia and Territories 34.8 E 13.8 56.5 E 13.8 42.6 E 14.4 24.0 E 12.4 18.3 E 14.0 34.5 E 12.7 0.0 A 0.0
St. John's .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Halifax 5.5 C 6.0 5.5 C 6.0 5.5 C 6.0 100.0 A 0.0 20.5 F 19.9 79.5 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0
Quebec 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Montreal 38.2 F 16.8 41.2 F 15.6 34.5 E 14.0 22.2 E 11.1 13.2 D 8.9 38.2 F 16.6 0.0 A 0.0
Ottawa-Gatineau 69.8 F 15.5 17.7 E 10.8 14.3 D 9.4 24.4 E 13.4 12.2 D 8.3 38.1 F 24.5 3.1 B 3.3
Toronto 38.6 E 12.8 31.1 E 12.2 23.1 D 8.1 45.6 E 13.4 6.7 C 5.5 22.6 D 9.3 4.9 B 3.8
Kingston 77.1 F 18.4 3.6 B 3.2 32.1 F 25.8 35.6 F 25.9 71.8 F 19.6 24.6 F 18.9 0.0 A 0.0
Hamilton 28.0 F 18.9 0.0 A 0.0 41.2 F 22.6 22.0 F 19.1 0.0 A 0.0 68.7 F 19.9 12.1 E 11.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 82.7 E 14.8 0.0 A 0.0 63.6 F 24.9 10.6 E 11.4 0.0 A 0.0 11.5 E 12.3 0.0 A 0.0
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 18.1 F 20.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 81.9 F 20.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
London 54.7 F 29.5 63.3 F 30.1 36.7 F 30.1 0.0 A 0.0 17.9 F 19.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Windsor 0.0 A 0.0 75.8 F 24.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 24.2 F 24.6 0.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 30.0 F 28.7 32.6 F 29.4 32.6 F 29.4 30.0 F 28.7 67.4 F 29.4 30.0 F 28.7 0.0 A 0.0
Winnipeg 41.5 F 18.4 48.4 F 19.3 26.4 F 16.0 32.8 F 15.8 5.6 C 5.8 31.2 F 22.1 9.1 D 8.9
Calgary 34.1 E 13.6 50.1 E 15.0 38.7 F 15.4 16.1 D 9.1 24.6 E 12.1 37.2 F 15.3 10.6 D 7.6
Edmonton 32.7 F 19.8 5.4 C 5.6 44.6 F 20.5 31.1 F 17.7 0.0 A 0.0 25.6 F 15.9 0.0 A 0.0
Vancouver 36.2 F 18.1 65.0 F 19.2 56.3 F 17.3 29.5 F 17.9 26.6 F 19.9 49.1 F 18.3 0.0 A 0.0
Victoria 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
47.0 F 27.5 13.9 E 12.4 0.2 A 0.2 14.6 E 12.6 3.2 B 3.1 37.6 F 26.9 6.8 C 7.3
39.7 E 13.8 24.1 E 10.9 39.4 E 13.5 8.3 B 4.5 44.3 E 14.2 19.8 D 8.7 4.2 B 2.8
45.3 E 11.6 39.4 E 11.5 32.5 E 10.8 36.6 E 11.0 8.5 C 5.6 14.1 D 7.6 6.4 C 5.4
33.3 F 17.8 65.4 F 16.7 49.7 F 20.3 74.2 E 14.2 25.8 F 16.9 35.0 F 18.1 0.0 A 0.0
26.6 E 11.6 40.6 E 12.0 15.8 E 10.6 29.2 E 12.0 15.0 C 7.1 61.8 E 11.1 4.6 B 4.2
51.4 E 11.7 25.5 D 9.7 57.4 E 11.0 9.7 C 5.4 19.3 E 12.0 32.2 E 10.5 2.8 B 2.8
41.0 F 17.1 32.7 E 13.7 33.3 E 13.0 1.0 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 30.1 E 12.4 4.0 B 4.0
34.4 E 12.9 27.0 D 9.7 22.7 D 9.3 25.6 D 9.5 17.9 D 7.9 35.6 E 13.0 4.4 B 2.7
47.6 E 11.9 34.5 E 11.4 36.2 E 11.5 31.8 E 11.2 12.9 C 6.3 20.8 D 8.5 18.7 D 9.3
49.0 F 15.5 31.0 E 13.8 13.4 D 8.1 66.6 E 12.3 5.5 B 2.9 9.9 C 6.5 4.5 B 4.5
Tourism 37.9 E 12.8 30.4 E 10.2 24.7 D 9.5 28.5 D 9.8 18.8 D 8.0 32.9 E 13.0 4.5 B 2.7
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
43.6 F 19.3 69.9 F 17.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 30.1 F 17.7
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 80.9 F 18.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 9.1 E 10.9 10.0 E 11.9
Rural 46.8 E 11.7 8.7 C 5.6 20.7 D 9.2 19.9 D 7.9 10.2 C 5.6 30.0 D 8.9 6.5 B 4.0
Urban 39.5 C 5.5 36.5 C 5.2 29.8 B 4.9 30.3 C 5.5 18.2 B 4.6 30.2 C 5.1 5.2 A 1.7
Exporter 36.7 E 11.6 27.5 E 10.4 29.7 D 10.0 18.4 C 7.0 8.5 B 4.6 55.0 E 12.3 5.8 B 4.1
Non-exporter 41.2 C 5.5 32.6 B 4.9 28.1 B 4.8 30.0 C 5.3 18.0 B 4.5 26.8 B 4.5 5.3 A 1.7
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 20.4 D 9.1 33.2 E 11.6 27.1 E 11.4 17.7 D 7.8 11.1 D 7.5 46.5 E 12.5 5.0 B 3.6
61.3 E 13.8 22.9 E 14.4 6.4 B 4.4 5.4 B 3.6 5.0 B 3.7 35.8 E 14.0 3.6 B 3.6
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 34.3 D 7.6 40.0 D 8.1 17.6 C 5.4 39.7 D 9.3 15.0 C 5.0 29.0 D 7.6 7.8 B 4.0
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 71.4 E 12.6 16.0 D 8.5 34.9 E 14.2 26.9 E 11.4 40.0 F 16.4 21.8 E 12.0 0.0 A 0.0
37.9 E 13.7 14.1 C 6.8 9.4 C 6.4 36.1 F 15.7 8.0 B 4.3 20.7 D 9.8 10.1 C 5.7
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 38.1 E 10.5 47.9 D 9.9 63.4 D 9.0 29.0 E 10.7 11.8 C 5.8 33.1 E 10.8 6.4 B 3.9
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 35.7 C 7.4 31.3 C 7.0 22.8 C 6.3 25.0 C 7.4 14.6 C 5.7 37.3 C 7.4 4.1 A 2.1
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 43.0 E 13.0 17.8 C 7.4 26.6 E 10.6 33.0 E 12.5 15.2 D 7.7 14.7 C 6.0 9.3 C 5.1
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 54.0 E 10.2 33.9 D 9.2 14.1 C 6.2 33.4 D 9.5 29.0 E 11.7 24.0 D 8.4 4.0 B 2.9
35.1 D 9.7 34.9 D 9.5 39.8 E 10.6 39.4 E 10.8 28.5 D 9.9 30.5 D 9.5 2.6 A 1.8
32.0 E 10.9 26.9 D 9.7 51.5 E 12.4 15.9 C 7.3 35.5 E 13.6 25.8 E 10.5 0.3 A 0.3
33.0 E 10.6 32.0 D 9.2 43.4 E 10.8 12.2 B 4.5 14.5 D 7.8 35.4 E 10.4 0.3 A 0.3
44.6 D 9.3 32.1 D 7.8 32.5 D 8.9 21.5 C 6.4 23.3 D 7.9 34.2 D 8.9 5.2 B 3.0
36.3 D 7.9 36.7 D 7.7 37.6 D 8.4 33.5 D 8.5 24.2 D 7.6 29.7 C 7.4 3.5 A 1.8
41.0 C 6.7 29.0 C 5.9 20.9 B 4.2 26.5 C 6.1 13.3 B 4.6 29.9 C 5.8 7.0 A 2.4
Holds IP 34.8 D 9.6 39.9 D 9.1 20.0 C 6.0 29.3 E 10.2 16.7 C 5.3 28.7 D 8.3 5.0 B 2.7
Holds Formal IP 27.5 E 10.7 40.8 E 13.3 20.2 D 8.9 17.9 D 8.2 28.5 E 11.3 37.5 E 14.2 3.6 B 3.5
No IP 40.8 C 6.1 29.2 C 5.5 30.0 C 5.5 29.3 C 5.8 17.8 C 5.3 30.3 C 5.5 5.9 A 2.0
Familiar with at least one type of IP 38.4 C 5.7 34.4 C 5.1 27.4 B 4.6 25.7 C 5.1 15.5 B 4.0 33.5 C 5.3 5.0 A 1.7
Not familiar with any type of IP 41.9 E 12.1 24.7 E 10.9 27.4 E 11.4 40.5 E 12.6 23.9 E 11.4 18.3 C 7.4 7.5 B 4.4
Procurement Did business with Federal government 60.8 F 19.8 15.2 E 13.5 15.2 E 13.5 30.4 F 17.5 15.2 E 13.5 54.4 F 19.4 0.0 A 0.0
<30 years old 14.8 E 11.4 48.9 F 30.5 96.2 B 4.2 11.1 D 9.4 52.2 F 30.3 6.2 C 6.8 0.0 A 0.0
30 to 39 years old 16.3 C 5.8 32.1 D 9.6 19.4 C 6.4 26.8 E 11.7 9.1 B 3.9 36.7 E 12.1 2.8 A 2.2
40 to 49 years old 54.1 D 8.4 37.2 D 8.3 31.4 D 8.1 21.5 C 7.1 20.9 D 7.5 20.6 C 5.7 4.8 A 2.3
50 to 64 years old 40.6 D 8.0 26.3 C 6.7 28.1 C 6.9 35.7 D 8.4 12.7 C 6.4 38.5 D 7.8 6.1 B 2.6
65+ years old 42.9 F 17.6 30.0 F 17.3 12.8 D 8.9 41.3 F 17.3 36.7 F 17.4 20.7 E 11.3 17.5 F 15.3
Less than high school 25.0 E 10.2 16.2 D 8.7 32.1 E 11.9 28.1 E 14.3 12.0 C 7.5 46.9 E 13.7 13.1 D 8.2
High school 37.4 E 10.7 25.4 D 7.9 29.8 E 10.1 28.3 E 10.1 29.6 E 11.6 23.0 C 7.0 3.4 A 2.1
College/Cegep/Trade School 40.4 D 8.7 28.9 D 7.9 19.0 C 6.1 24.7 D 9.1 14.6 C 5.7 33.3 D 8.9 6.9 B 3.4
Bachelor's degree 42.2 E 10.4 43.0 D 9.6 35.1 D 9.6 35.3 D 9.4 16.4 C 5.7 25.4 D 9.3 6.1 B 3.8
Master's degree or above 52.9 E 13.3 41.1 E 13.9 33.0 E 11.6 27.3 E 14.2 2.7 A 1.8 34.7 E 12.6 0.7 A 0.7
In Canada 39.9 C 6.0 30.5 C 5.3 28.8 C 5.3 24.6 B 4.9 21.5 C 5.6 24.7 B 4.6 6.0 A 2.0
Outside Canada 42.1 D 9.0 34.6 D 8.3 27.5 C 7.5 35.6 D 9.7 8.9 B 4.0 39.7 D 9.1 4.3 B 2.5
0% 50.4 C 6.8 33.7 C 6.5 35.8 C 6.2 24.8 C 6.2 16.7 C 5.5 35.8 C 6.7 5.1 A 2.1
1% to 49% 38.3 F 17.5 7.3 B 4.9 28.2 F 18.8 12.7 C 6.7 34.2 F 18.4 17.0 D 8.7 10.1 C 6.7
50% 34.5 D 8.9 46.4 D 9.1 16.2 C 5.6 28.6 D 8.3 17.3 C 6.5 31.8 D 8.8 4.1 A 2.1
51% to 99% 0.0 A 0.0 21.6 F 18.4 19.3 F 19.2 59.1 F 27.3 1.7 A 2.0 36.6 F 25.9 0.0 A 0.0
100% 30.0 E 12.5 25.6 E 11.6 21.8 D 9.6 46.9 F 15.9 7.4 B 4.3 10.4 C 5.9 7.3 C 7.0
Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
40.7 C 5.0 32.0 B 4.5 28.3 B 4.3 28.6 B 4.8 16.9 B 4.0 30.2 B 4.5 5.4 A 1.6
Co-operatives Co-operatives 76.9 E 13.3 50.1 F 17.1 52.8 F 16.9 20.4 E 11.3 43.5 F 16.3 23.1 E 13.3 0.0 A 0.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 44.4 E 13.7 19.8 D 10.0 16.0 E 12.1 19.8 D 10.0 8.7 C 6.3 31.0 E 12.0 0.0 A 0.0
Not-for-profit 19.4 D 9.3 52.2 D 9.8 19.4 D 9.3 46.3 D 9.6 0.0 A 0.0 53.7 D 9.6 0.0 A 0.0
Charity 0.0 A 0.0 47.3 D 9.2 0.0 A 0.0 47.3 D 9.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 52.7 D 9.2
For-profit 41.5 F 15.1 43.2 E 15.0 14.4 D 8.0 48.6 E 15.0 9.1 D 8.1 18.6 E 10.0 14.0 E 12.6
40.6 C 5.3 31.2 B 4.7 28.3 B 4.5 27.3 C 5.0 16.9 B 4.2 30.8 B 4.7 5.0 A 1.6
41.8 E 12.9 46.5 E 12.8 28.2 E 12.2 51.8 E 12.5 16.5 D 7.9 18.5 D 8.2 12.6 C 7.3
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
No reason given by
credit provider
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
Reason given by credit provider
Business operates in
an unstable industryOther reason
Employment Size
Region
Insufficient collateralPoor or lack of credit
experience or history
Insufficient sales or
cash-flow
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 8: Reasons Given by Credit Provider for Turning Down Debt Financing RequestSurvey question(s):
C.4. What reasons were given by the credit provider for turning down the request for this mortgage? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
C.10. What reasons were given by the credit provider for turning down the request for this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
C.15. What reasons were given by the credit provider for turning down the request for this term loan? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
C.21. What reasons were given by the credit provider for turning down this request for a business credit card or increase in the current credit card limit? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
C.4, C.10, C.15 and C.21. are applicable only to those that requested debt financing and were turned down in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Social Enterprises
Project was
considered too risky
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
CMA Level
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Location
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 7.2 A 0.4 97.4 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.6 99.5 A 0.2
1 to 4 employees 4.0 A 0.4 96.1 A 1.6 3.3 A 1.6 99.4 A 0.4
5 to 19 employees 9.6 A 0.8 97.3 A 0.9 2.1 A 0.8 99.4 A 0.3
20 to 99 employees 13.5 A 1.1 99.4 A 0.4 0.6 A 0.4 100.0 A 0.0
100 to 499 employees 21.7 B 2.8 98.1 A 1.1 1.6 A 1.0 99.7 A 0.2
Atlantic 6.4 A 0.9 97.7 A 1.8 2.3 A 1.8 100.0 A 0.0
Quebec 7.3 A 0.9 99.0 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.4 99.4 A 0.6
Ontario 7.5 A 0.6 96.4 A 1.4 3.3 A 1.4 99.7 A 0.2
Northern Ontario 10.4 A 1.8 97.1 A 2.2 2.9 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0
Southern Ontario 7.4 A 0.6 96.4 A 1.5 3.3 A 1.5 99.7 A 0.2
Prairies 6.6 A 0.8 96.1 A 1.6 3.2 A 1.5 99.3 A 0.6
Manitoba 8.6 A 1.9 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Saskatchewan 7.8 A 1.5 83.1 C 7.2 16.9 C 7.2 100.0 A 0.0
Alberta 5.9 A 1.0 98.8 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 98.8 A 1.0
British Columbia and Territories 7.1 A 1.1 98.9 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.5 99.5 A 0.4
St. John's 3.4 B 2.7 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Halifax 7.9 B 3.1 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Quebec 10.7 B 3.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Montreal 6.3 A 1.1 99.5 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.5 100.0 A 0.0
Ottawa-Gatineau 7.3 A 2.1 94.5 C 5.5 5.5 C 5.5 100.0 A 0.0
Toronto 8.5 A 1.0 96.9 A 2.2 3.0 A 2.2 99.9 A 0.1
Kingston 3.9 A 1.6 75.0 F 20.1 0.0 A 0.0 75.0 F 20.1
Hamilton 7.7 B 3.5 98.0 A 2.2 2.0 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0
St. Catharines-Niagara 6.6 A 2.1 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 3.9 A 1.7 94.2 C 5.8 5.8 C 5.8 100.0 A 0.0
London 4.9 A 2.0 95.5 B 4.6 0.0 A 0.0 95.5 B 4.6
Windsor 7.9 B 3.4 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 3.9 A 1.6 97.6 A 2.0 2.4 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0
Winnipeg 7.2 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Calgary 7.1 A 2.4 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Edmonton 3.9 A 1.4 93.3 C 5.7 0.0 A 0.0 93.3 C 5.7
Vancouver 7.6 A 1.9 98.8 A 1.1 1.1 A 1.1 99.9 A 0.1
Victoria 6.4 B 2.7 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
9.2 A 1.3 95.0 B 2.7 4.5 B 2.6 99.5 A 0.5
8.8 A 1.3 99.0 A 0.7 1.0 A 0.7 100.0 A 0.0
7.1 A 0.9 98.4 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.9 100.0 A 0.0
9.4 A 1.2 94.2 B 3.4 5.8 B 3.4 100.0 A 0.0
4.7 A 0.8 94.5 B 3.0 5.3 B 3.0 99.8 A 0.2
13.2 A 1.6 95.5 A 2.1 2.4 A 1.7 97.9 A 1.2
6.5 A 1.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
4.8 A 0.8 97.7 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 97.7 A 2.3
5.5 A 1.0 99.9 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
6.3 A 1.0 97.2 A 2.2 2.5 A 2.2 99.7 A 0.3
Tourism 6.1 A 1.1 98.5 A 1.5 0.0 A 0.0 98.5 A 1.5
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
3.4 A 1.4 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 2.5 A 0.9 99.5 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.4 100.0 A 0.0
Rural 8.0 A 0.8 96.4 A 1.5 3.5 A 1.4 99.8 A 0.2
Urban 7.0 A 0.4 97.7 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.7 99.5 A 0.2
Exporter 9.7 A 1.2 98.7 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.6 99.5 A 0.3
Non-exporter 6.8 A 0.4 97.2 A 0.7 2.4 A 0.7 99.5 A 0.2
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 9.8 A 1.7 97.8 A 1.9 2.2 A 1.9 100.0 A 0.0
7.0 A 1.0 93.9 B 3.9 6.1 B 3.9 100.0 A 0.0
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 7.9 A 0.7 97.2 A 0.9 2.4 A 0.8 99.6 A 0.3
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 5.5 A 0.8 99.6 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 99.6 A 0.4
4.4 A 0.7 98.7 A 1.1 1.3 A 1.1 100.0 A 0.0
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 8.5 A 1.3 98.4 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.6 99.1 A 0.5
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 6.4 A 0.7 97.8 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.9 99.6 A 0.4
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 6.6 A 0.7 95.3 A 2.0 4.0 A 1.9 99.2 A 0.6
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 8.1 A 0.6 98.2 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.7 99.9 A 0.1
10.8 A 1.2 98.9 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.8 99.8 A 0.1
10.5 A 1.4 98.2 A 1.2 1.5 A 1.2 99.8 A 0.2
11.7 A 1.5 98.8 A 1.0 1.2 A 1.0 100.0 A 0.0
9.8 A 1.3 97.9 A 1.3 1.2 A 1.1 99.0 A 0.7
9.9 A 0.8 98.9 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.5 99.6 A 0.3
6.1 A 0.4 96.7 A 1.0 2.8 A 1.0 99.5 A 0.3
Holds IP 9.4 A 0.8 99.1 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.5 100.0 A 0.0
Holds Formal IP 10.6 A 1.4 99.2 A 0.7 0.7 A 0.6 99.9 A 0.1
No IP 6.5 A 0.5 96.8 A 0.9 2.5 A 0.9 99.3 A 0.3
Familiar with at least one type of IP 7.4 A 0.5 98.2 A 0.5 1.5 A 0.5 99.7 A 0.2
Not familiar with any type of IP 6.7 A 0.9 95.5 A 2.3 3.4 A 2.2 98.9 A 0.7
Procurement Did business with Federal government 16.3 A 2.1 98.6 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 98.6 A 1.3
<30 years old 11.6 B 2.8 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
30 to 39 years old 6.3 A 0.9 96.3 A 2.1 3.4 A 2.0 99.7 A 0.3
40 to 49 years old 9.4 A 1.0 96.8 A 1.4 3.1 A 1.4 99.8 A 0.2
50 to 64 years old 6.2 A 0.5 97.8 A 0.8 1.3 A 0.6 99.1 A 0.4
65+ years old 6.6 A 1.0 98.5 A 1.0 1.5 A 1.0 100.0 A 0.0
Less than high school 9.7 A 1.8 98.1 A 1.4 1.9 A 1.4 100.0 A 0.0
High school 7.7 A 0.9 97.8 A 1.0 1.7 A 0.8 99.4 A 0.4
College/Cegep/Trade School 6.6 A 0.6 96.9 A 1.2 2.3 A 1.1 99.2 A 0.5
Bachelor's degree 7.1 A 0.7 98.7 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.7 99.8 A 0.1
Master's degree or above 6.4 A 1.1 95.0 B 3.2 4.6 B 3.2 99.5 A 0.4
In Canada 7.7 A 0.5 97.4 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.7 99.5 A 0.2
Outside Canada 5.5 A 0.7 97.7 A 1.3 1.9 A 1.3 99.6 A 0.3
0% 7.8 A 0.6 97.6 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.8 99.4 A 0.3
1% to 49% 8.3 A 1.3 97.1 A 2.0 2.8 A 2.0 99.9 A 0.1
50% 6.6 A 0.8 96.7 A 1.4 2.8 A 1.3 99.6 A 0.2
51% to 99% 10.3 B 3.4 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
100% 4.2 A 0.8 97.1 A 2.4 2.9 A 2.4 100.0 A 0.0
Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
9.7 A 2.1 99.2 A 0.6 0.1 A 0.1 99.3 A 0.6
Co-operatives Co-operatives 6.4 A 1.0 96.9 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 96.9 A 1.8
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 13.0 A 1.7 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Not-for-profit 4.0 A 0.4 95.3 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 95.3 A 0.8
Charity 10.9 A 1.2 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
For-profit 9.5 A 2.2 97.8 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 97.8 A 1.8
7.4 A 0.4 97.6 A 0.7 2.1 A 0.6 99.6 A 0.2
5.4 A 0.9 96.0 A 2.0 2.7 A 1.6 98.7 A 1.3
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective
sector categories.
Incorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Legal Status
Outcome of lease financing request
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
CMA Level
Overall approval
rate (full or partial)
Requested lease
financing in 2017
Approved
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 9: Lease FinancingSurvey question(s):
D.1. In 2017, did your business seek a new contract to lease any material or equipment?
D.3. What was the outcome of this lease financing request?
Notes:
D.1 is applicable to all respondents.
D.3 is applicable only to those that requested lease financing in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
Region
Full amount was
authorized
Partial amount was
authorized
Age of Business
Innovation
Activities developed
or introduced
Construction (NAICS 23)
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Location
Export Status
Growth
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
$ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV % Qualit
y
CV
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 5,696,454,792 B 9.0 5,545,663,718 B 9.1 108,658 B 7.6 105,782 B 7.7 97.4 A 0.9
1 to 4 employees 1,155,627,767 D 17.4 1,119,408,907 D 17.9 71,813 C 12.8 69,563 C 13.2 96.9 A 1.4
5 to 19 employees 2,119,962,535 D 16.0 2,029,701,836 D 16.5 92,665 C 13.5 88,720 C 13.9 95.7 A 2.1
20 to 99 employees 1,652,559,713 D 18.3 1,651,731,042 D 18.3 156,559 C 14.9 156,481 C 14.9 99.9 A 0.0
100 to 499 employees 768,304,776 D 17.9 744,821,932 D 16.9 264,926 D 17.7 256,829 D 16.6 96.9 A 2.5
Atlantic 243,217,803 E 25.1 222,784,242 E 25.1 83,265 D 22.5 76,269 D 22.6 91.6 D 7.7
Quebec 1,097,018,161 D 21.9 1,073,741,375 D 21.7 92,218 D 20.6 90,262 D 20.4 97.9 A 1.8
Ontario 1,797,275,214 C 12.8 1,733,342,718 C 12.9 92,476 C 11.2 89,187 C 11.3 96.4 A 2.1
Northern Ontario 206,548,548 D 23.6 206,040,262 D 23.7 127,624 D 16.8 127,310 D 16.9 99.8 A 0.1
Southern Ontario 1,590,726,665 C 14.2 1,527,302,456 C 14.3 89,283 C 12.4 85,724 C 12.6 96.0 A 2.4
Prairies 1,443,783,959 D 19.0 1,422,676,662 D 19.2 148,735 D 15.4 146,560 D 15.6 98.5 A 0.8
Manitoba 100,009,860 E 27.4 100,009,860 E 27.4 51,566 D 23.9 51,566 D 23.9 100.0 A 0.0
Saskatchewan 326,691,270 D 24.2 314,999,530 D 24.0 180,170 D 15.8 173,722 D 15.4 96.4 A 2.4
Alberta 1,017,082,829 E 25.7 1,007,667,272 E 26.0 170,812 D 20.6 169,231 D 20.8 99.1 A 0.8
British Columbia and Territories 1,115,159,655 D 24.2 1,093,118,721 D 24.7 131,717 D 17.0 129,113 D 17.3 98.0 A 1.1
St. John's 606,648 F 81.9 606,648 F 81.9 4,790 A 4.7 4,790 A 4.7 100.0 A 0.0
Halifax 29,010,056 F 37.9 29,010,056 F 37.9 48,969 C 12.3 48,969 C 12.3 100.0 A 0.0
Quebec 145,788,948 F 50.5 145,788,948 F 50.5 99,065 F 35.6 99,065 F 35.6 100.0 A 0.0
Montreal 417,032,857 E 29.7 394,780,978 E 28.0 88,487 E 29.5 83,765 E 27.5 94.7 B 4.2
Ottawa-Gatineau 122,118,550 F 35.3 121,415,101 F 35.5 72,259 E 26.3 71,843 E 26.5 99.4 A 0.6
Toronto 800,937,024 E 25.1 789,629,849 E 25.5 82,048 D 22.2 80,889 D 22.5 98.6 A 1.2
Kingston 7,720,037 F 47.4 7,720,037 F 47.4 81,215 F 44.8 81,215 F 44.8 100.0 A 0.0
Hamilton 104,443,722 E 32.4 104,123,336 E 32.5 99,968 F 38.2 99,661 F 38.2 99.7 A 0.3
St. Catharines-Niagara 39,889,867 F 48.4 39,889,867 F 48.4 82,103 F 41.8 82,103 F 41.8 100.0 A 0.0
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 38,326,714 F 45.4 37,894,895 F 45.8 102,804 D 16.1 101,646 D 16.3 98.9 A 1.1
London 16,777,170 F 41.4 13,431,069 F 45.7 37,816 D 24.8 30,273 D 22.9 80.1 F 17.1
Windsor 46,803,074 F 38.5 46,803,074 F 38.5 104,664 F 43.7 104,664 F 43.7 100.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 15,731,708 E 35.0 15,516,716 F 35.4 176,954 E 32.9 174,536 E 33.1 98.6 A 1.1
Winnipeg 39,281,823 E 32.1 39,281,823 E 32.1 36,057 D 24.0 36,057 D 24.0 100.0 A 0.0
Calgary 175,878,939 F 42.6 175,878,939 F 42.6 84,116 E 27.0 84,116 E 27.0 100.0 A 0.0
Edmonton 201,631,050 F 47.7 192,215,493 F 49.9 196,121 E 33.1 186,963 F 35.1 95.3 B 4.3
Vancouver 407,270,147 F 36.2 395,905,824 F 37.1 98,412 D 22.8 95,666 D 23.3 97.2 A 2.4
Victoria 23,953,944 F 42.2 23,953,944 F 42.2 36,180 D 19.8 36,180 D 19.8 100.0 A 0.0
824,109,782 E 30.6 798,914,035 E 31.4 196,399 D 24.6 190,395 E 25.4 96.9 B 2.6
1,109,796,883 D 23.7 1,100,852,348 D 23.9 104,370 D 18.8 103,529 D 18.9 99.2 A 0.8
427,890,165 E 25.6 405,240,788 D 23.4 144,248 D 24.2 136,613 D 21.6 94.7 B 4.1
593,692,367 D 21.3 537,401,545 D 21.4 167,828 D 17.2 151,915 D 17.6 90.5 C 5.9
194,179,042 E 27.0 191,976,620 E 27.3 48,661 D 24.9 48,109 E 25.1 98.9 A 0.7
867,354,085 C 13.4 834,763,362 C 13.8 158,444 B 8.9 152,491 B 9.3 96.2 A 1.7
243,256,885 D 16.8 243,256,885 D 16.8 35,811 C 12.7 35,811 C 12.7 100.0 A 0.0
123,179,673 F 35.2 122,518,366 F 35.3 42,408 E 34.6 42,180 E 34.8 99.5 A 0.6
128,574,588 E 31.6 127,810,851 E 31.8 46,487 D 24.4 46,211 D 24.6 99.4 A 0.3
1,184,421,323 D 23.9 1,182,928,918 D 23.9 129,245 D 18.9 129,082 D 18.9 99.9 A 0.1
Tourism 338,460,123 E 27.5 335,445,443 E 27.7 75,426 E 25.5 74,754 E 25.7 99.1 A 0.8
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
744,414,773 F 88.1 744,414,773 F 88.1 750,828 F 59.1 750,828 F 59.1 100.0 A 0.0
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 69,172,101 F 42.7 69,015,130 F 42.8 112,065 E 32.7 111,811 E 32.8 99.8 A 0.2
Rural 1,389,139,654 D 19.8 1,345,703,631 D 20.2 122,513 D 16.5 118,682 D 16.9 96.9 B 2.6
Urban 4,307,315,138 C 10.4 4,199,960,087 C 10.5 104,835 B 8.7 102,222 B 8.8 97.5 A 0.8
Exporter 979,405,558 C 14.0 935,567,043 C 13.3 118,352 C 14.8 113,055 C 14.0 95.5 A 2.1
Non-exporter 4,717,049,234 C 10.5 4,610,096,675 C 10.6 106,841 B 8.7 104,419 B 8.9 97.7 A 1.0
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 525,683,082 D 22.6 524,659,248 D 22.7 102,507 D 20.3 102,307 D 20.3 99.8 A 0.2
519,116,149 D 21.5 498,798,024 D 22.1 93,104 D 17.7 89,460 D 18.3 96.1 B 2.5
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 2,801,094,964 C 14.2 2,694,967,755 C 14.5 117,594 C 11.7 113,138 C 11.9 96.2 A 1.7
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 861,108,802 E 25.5 861,108,802 E 25.5 117,189 D 22.6 117,189 D 22.6 100.0 A 0.0
463,093,774 F 39.5 462,737,981 F 39.5 121,924 E 32.3 121,830 E 32.3 99.9 A 0.1
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 495,883,683 D 21.8 482,333,127 D 22.3 84,419 C 14.4 82,112 C 14.8 97.3 A 1.5
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 1,326,522,818 D 16.6 1,286,399,224 D 17.0 85,437 C 14.2 82,853 C 14.5 97.0 A 1.8
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 1,413,007,656 D 21.2 1,376,477,221 D 21.3 113,324 D 18.5 110,394 D 18.5 97.4 A 1.6
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 2,461,040,634 C 14.4 2,400,454,146 C 14.6 132,627 C 11.3 129,362 C 11.4 97.5 A 1.6
1,582,300,665 D 18.5 1,517,484,141 D 18.8 111,940 D 15.2 107,355 D 15.3 95.9 B 2.6
1,147,214,300 D 21.3 1,081,669,448 D 21.6 128,375 D 19.9 121,040 D 20.0 94.3 B 3.5
941,406,973 D 17.8 904,524,605 D 17.9 92,836 C 14.1 89,199 C 14.1 96.1 B 3.7
737,982,245 D 18.8 694,658,167 D 19.0 80,047 D 15.8 75,348 D 15.8 94.1 B 4.7
2,149,893,810 C 14.6 2,083,437,142 C 14.7 101,705 C 12.2 98,561 C 12.2 96.9 A 1.9
3,382,941,005 C 12.3 3,310,628,413 C 12.5 117,483 C 10.2 114,972 C 10.4 97.9 A 0.8
Holds IP 1,974,981,655 D 15.2 1,964,007,871 D 15.3 113,194 C 13.1 112,565 C 13.2 99.4 A 0.5
Holds Formal IP 840,493,263 D 16.6 830,718,576 D 16.7 120,151 D 15.6 118,753 D 15.7 98.8 A 1.1
No IP 3,557,853,160 C 11.8 3,430,057,684 C 12.0 109,520 B 9.8 105,586 B 9.9 96.4 A 1.4
Familiar with at least one type of IP 4,187,405,460 B 9.8 4,090,594,253 B 9.8 105,728 B 8.6 103,284 B 8.6 97.7 A 1.0
Not familiar with any type of IP 1,345,429,355 D 22.7 1,303,471,302 D 23.3 130,267 D 16.8 126,205 D 17.3 96.9 A 1.8
Procurement Did business with Federal government 133,391,125 D 20.6 133,391,125 D 20.6 137,365 D 16.8 137,365 D 16.8 100.0 A 0.0
<30 years old 103,163,451 E 31.7 103,163,451 E 31.7 69,846 D 21.4 69,846 D 21.4 100.0 A 0.0
30 to 39 years old 924,530,737 E 30.3 910,384,227 E 30.7 141,982 D 24.5 139,810 D 25.0 98.5 A 1.2
40 to 49 years old 1,846,745,679 D 18.1 1,797,816,685 D 18.3 106,488 D 15.9 103,667 D 16.0 97.4 A 1.3
50 to 64 years old 2,213,709,917 C 11.3 2,126,665,517 C 11.5 104,562 B 9.0 100,451 B 9.1 96.1 A 1.9
65+ years old 608,305,008 E 27.0 607,633,838 E 27.1 102,698 D 19.4 102,584 D 19.4 99.9 A 0.1
Less than high school 650,571,049 E 29.8 639,477,873 E 30.0 140,073 D 18.8 137,684 D 18.7 98.3 A 1.6
High school 1,470,631,326 D 18.0 1,430,450,177 D 18.4 110,231 D 15.5 107,220 D 15.8 97.3 A 1.6
College/Cegep/Trade School 1,493,426,599 D 17.8 1,424,545,882 D 18.3 105,291 D 15.3 100,435 D 15.8 95.4 B 2.6
Bachelor's degree 1,476,495,463 D 19.8 1,448,019,877 D 19.8 111,473 D 17.1 109,323 D 17.1 98.1 A 1.4
Master's degree or above 605,330,355 D 19.2 603,169,909 D 19.3 86,347 C 13.3 86,039 C 13.3 99.6 A 0.2
In Canada 4,757,657,041 C 10.1 4,631,073,778 C 10.2 112,299 B 8.7 109,311 B 8.8 97.3 A 1.0
Outside Canada 938,797,751 D 20.4 914,589,940 D 20.9 93,327 C 14.9 90,920 D 15.4 97.4 A 1.3
0% 3,267,229,948 C 12.7 3,188,000,532 C 12.8 107,987 C 10.7 105,369 C 10.8 97.6 A 1.0
1% to 49% 865,776,401 D 17.6 818,291,798 D 17.7 140,434 C 14.1 132,731 C 14.0 94.5 B 4.1
50% 961,914,464 D 22.0 938,972,677 D 22.4 94,901 D 18.9 92,637 D 19.1 97.6 A 1.3
51% to 99% 292,767,667 F 62.5 292,767,667 F 62.5 155,117 F 47.8 155,117 F 47.8 100.0 A 0.0
100% 308,766,312 E 28.3 307,631,044 E 28.4 77,556 D 23.2 77,271 D 23.3 99.6 A 0.3
Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
147,703,777 E 30.7 141,591,409 E 31.9 73,879 D 23.7 70,821 D 24.5 95.9 B 3.3
Co-operatives Co-operatives 6,542,868 E 26.5 6,450,645 E 26.9 137,927 D 20.1 135,983 D 20.5 98.6 A 0.9
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 12,715,031 D 21.5 12,715,031 D 21.5 78,232 D 16.7 78,232 D 16.7 100.0 A 0.0
Not-for-profit 698,981 D 18.7 698,981 D 18.7 34,095 D 15.4 34,095 D 15.4 100.0 A 0.0
Charity 1,572,307 C 12.1 1,572,307 C 12.1 60,198 C 11.9 60,198 C 11.9 100.0 A 0.0
For-profit 423,292,650 F 46.5 411,523,720 F 47.8 129,018 F 38.0 125,431 F 39.2 97.2 A 2.3
5,365,082,282 B 9.5 5,226,126,079 B 9.6 113,821 B 8.0 110,874 B 8.1 97.4 A 0.9
331,372,510 E 27.4 319,537,638 E 27.0 62,649 E 25.2 60,411 D 24.7 96.4 B 2.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Social Enterprises
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Employment Size
Table 10: Amount of Lease Financing Requested and AuthorizedSurvey question(s):
D.2. For your business’ largest request for lease financing in 2017, what was the total value of the asset you requested to lease?
D.3. What was the outcome of this lease financing request?
Notes:
D.2 and D.3 are applicable only to those that requested lease financing in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Lease financing
Total amount
requested
Total amount
authorized
Total amount
authorized-to-
requested
Average amount
requested
Average amount
authorized
Region
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Construction (NAICS 23)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
Intellectual Property
Age of Business
Innovation
Activities developed
or introducedA new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 42.9 B 2.7 7.9 A 1.5 46.1 B 2.7 3.1 A 0.8
1 to 4 employees 48.9 C 5.4 8.9 B 3.3 40.3 C 5.4 1.9 A 1.1
5 to 19 employees 40.6 B 4.6 7.4 A 2.5 47.8 B 4.6 4.3 A 1.5
20 to 99 employees 38.8 B 3.9 6.7 A 1.6 51.6 B 4.1 2.8 A 1.3
100 to 499 employees 43.5 C 7.3 10.8 B 3.2 44.3 C 7.4 1.5 A 0.6
Atlantic 51.3 C 7.3 2.0 A 1.9 37.6 C 6.9 9.1 B 4.3
Quebec 52.0 C 6.4 9.6 B 3.6 37.9 C 5.9 0.6 A 0.6
Ontario 44.1 B 4.0 10.9 B 2.9 40.0 B 3.8 5.0 A 1.9
Northern Ontario 38.7 D 8.3 1.7 A 1.4 55.9 D 8.7 3.8 B 3.7
Southern Ontario 44.6 B 4.3 11.7 B 3.2 38.6 B 4.1 5.1 A 2.0
Prairies 32.5 C 5.1 4.6 A 1.9 60.8 C 5.4 2.2 A 1.1
Manitoba 50.4 E 11.3 4.8 B 3.6 38.7 E 11.7 6.1 B 3.9
Saskatchewan 29.0 D 8.8 1.5 A 1.4 69.1 D 8.9 0.4 A 0.4
Alberta 27.7 C 6.4 5.4 B 2.9 65.4 C 7.1 1.4 A 1.2
British Columbia and Territories 36.6 D 7.7 4.6 B 2.9 57.5 D 8.0 1.2 A 1.3
St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Halifax 90.1 D 9.3 9.1 D 9.2 0.8 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0
Quebec 63.9 F 15.3 21.3 E 13.3 14.8 E 11.3 0.0 A 0.0
Montreal 43.9 D 8.8 15.3 C 7.5 39.3 D 8.9 1.5 A 1.4
Ottawa-Gatineau 56.8 E 13.7 2.6 A 1.4 40.6 E 13.4 0.0 A 0.0
Toronto 40.5 C 6.1 17.4 C 5.5 35.4 C 5.9 6.7 B 3.4
Kingston 63.2 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0 36.8 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0
Hamilton 70.2 F 15.3 3.3 B 2.7 24.5 E 13.2 2.0 A 2.1
St. Catharines-Niagara 46.8 F 15.0 15.6 E 12.9 32.0 E 14.5 5.7 C 5.6
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 27.1 E 14.3 0.8 A 0.8 72.0 E 14.5 0.0 A 0.0
London 58.1 F 19.1 1.5 A 1.5 40.3 F 18.9 0.0 A 0.0
Windsor 35.5 F 20.5 4.1 B 4.2 60.5 F 20.9 0.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 59.4 F 21.6 3.6 A 1.6 37.0 F 22.0 0.0 A 0.0
Winnipeg 53.1 F 15.9 8.5 C 6.5 38.4 F 16.0 0.0 A 0.0
Calgary 30.2 E 11.7 11.1 D 7.8 58.7 F 15.1 0.0 A 0.0
Edmonton 15.1 D 9.1 0.0 A 0.0 83.2 D 9.4 1.7 A 1.7
Vancouver 23.4 D 9.3 5.5 B 4.4 68.6 E 10.5 2.5 B 2.6
Victoria 41.5 F 19.8 0.0 A 0.0 58.5 F 19.8 0.0 A 0.0
23.9 C 6.1 0.0 A 0.0 72.1 C 6.3 4.0 A 2.2
64.7 C 7.1 0.0 A 0.0 35.2 C 7.1 0.2 A 0.1
35.0 C 6.1 2.5 A 2.2 60.1 C 6.2 2.3 A 2.0
64.7 C 6.4 6.9 B 2.8 28.0 C 6.1 0.3 A 0.3
32.1 D 7.6 6.4 B 4.3 42.3 D 9.2 19.1 D 7.9
75.0 C 6.3 0.6 A 0.3 23.5 C 6.3 0.9 A 0.7
28.4 D 7.9 42.9 D 8.4 28.0 C 6.4 0.8 A 0.8
20.9 C 7.3 4.6 B 2.7 60.6 D 8.4 13.9 C 5.6
12.5 C 5.6 3.1 A 2.2 83.8 C 6.0 0.6 A 0.7
33.1 C 7.0 4.5 A 1.7 61.6 C 7.2 0.8 A 0.8
Tourism 17.6 C 5.4 4.4 A 2.3 68.9 C 7.0 9.0 B 3.8
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
27.7 E 14.7 15.9 E 12.0 40.4 F 22.1 15.9 E 12.0
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 26.1 F 18.5 19.4 D 9.5 54.4 F 17.1 0.0 A 0.0
Rural 43.8 C 5.1 0.7 A 0.4 52.3 C 5.1 3.2 A 1.4
Urban 42.7 B 3.2 9.9 A 1.9 44.3 B 3.2 3.1 A 1.0
Exporter 46.1 C 6.5 15.9 B 5.0 34.1 C 6.1 3.9 A 2.2
Non-exporter 42.3 B 3.0 6.4 A 1.5 48.3 B 3.0 3.0 A 0.9
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 47.5 D 8.8 3.4 A 1.6 47.5 D 8.8 1.5 A 1.5
45.3 C 6.9 3.9 A 1.7 47.8 C 6.9 3.1 A 1.6
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 41.0 B 4.5 8.4 A 2.5 45.5 B 4.3 5.1 A 1.7
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 43.4 C 7.3 9.4 C 5.0 47.0 D 7.9 0.3 A 0.3
38.9 D 8.1 13.2 C 5.1 47.1 D 8.6 0.8 A 0.7
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 48.1 D 7.8 5.3 B 3.0 44.5 D 7.9 2.1 A 1.3
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 49.5 C 5.9 7.3 B 3.1 39.8 C 5.6 3.3 A 1.4
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 35.0 B 4.9 10.6 B 3.8 52.4 C 5.4 1.9 A 1.0
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 41.0 B 3.9 7.4 A 2.1 47.5 B 4.1 4.0 A 1.8
38.5 C 5.4 7.4 A 1.8 50.7 C 5.7 3.4 A 2.1
32.6 C 6.2 7.8 A 2.1 54.3 C 6.8 5.3 B 3.4
36.4 C 5.9 10.2 B 2.9 50.1 C 6.6 3.2 A 1.9
38.5 C 6.7 14.9 C 5.3 42.7 C 7.0 4.0 A 1.7
40.2 B 4.3 9.9 B 2.6 45.6 B 4.4 4.3 A 1.7
45.3 B 3.7 7.1 A 2.0 45.6 B 3.7 2.0 A 0.6
Holds IP 39.4 B 4.5 13.9 B 2.9 43.0 B 4.7 3.7 A 1.9
Holds Formal IP 44.5 C 7.0 15.6 B 4.1 33.3 C 5.8 6.6 B 4.2
No IP 45.2 B 3.6 5.2 A 1.9 47.0 B 3.6 2.6 A 0.7
Familiar with at least one type of IP 42.6 B 3.1 10.3 A 2.0 43.9 B 3.1 3.2 A 1.0
Not familiar with any type of IP 45.3 C 6.7 0.3 A 0.2 52.1 C 6.7 2.3 A 1.2
Procurement Did business with Federal government 40.7 C 7.1 13.5 B 4.5 43.0 C 6.9 2.7 A 1.9
<30 years old 34.8 E 10.9 0.0 A 0.0 59.9 E 11.2 5.3 B 4.2
30 to 39 years old 41.5 C 6.7 6.3 B 3.0 49.4 C 6.9 2.8 A 1.6
40 to 49 years old 48.6 C 5.8 9.4 B 3.4 40.7 C 5.6 1.3 A 0.6
50 to 64 years old 38.2 B 3.6 6.6 A 1.7 51.1 B 3.8 4.1 A 1.6
65+ years old 46.9 D 8.1 11.9 C 5.4 36.3 C 7.4 4.9 B 3.0
Less than high school 45.6 E 10.0 0.0 A 0.0 49.8 D 9.9 4.6 B 3.0
High school 48.0 C 6.2 2.0 A 0.9 48.0 C 6.1 2.0 A 1.0
College/Cegep/Trade School 49.6 B 4.5 6.8 B 2.8 41.0 B 4.4 2.6 A 1.0
Bachelor's degree 34.5 B 4.2 13.3 B 3.5 47.7 B 4.7 4.6 A 2.5
Master's degree or above 33.9 D 8.7 16.4 C 6.6 47.0 D 9.2 2.6 A 1.4
In Canada 41.7 B 3.0 7.5 A 1.5 48.1 B 3.0 2.7 A 0.7
Outside Canada 48.1 C 6.7 9.6 B 4.6 37.4 C 6.3 5.0 B 3.0
0% 45.1 B 3.7 7.7 A 2.0 45.9 B 3.7 1.2 A 0.4
1% to 49% 39.6 C 6.9 8.3 C 5.3 48.0 D 7.8 4.1 A 2.3
50% 43.8 C 6.0 7.4 B 3.3 43.4 C 5.8 5.4 B 3.0
51% to 99% 18.5 D 9.0 3.3 B 2.9 78.2 D 9.8 0.0 A 0.0
100% 40.6 E 10.4 12.1 C 6.2 35.7 D 8.5 11.7 C 5.4
Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
24.6 D 7.8 16.4 D 8.7 59.1 E 10.5 0.0 A 0.0
Co-operatives Co-operatives 38.4 D 7.8 8.2 B 3.9 48.8 D 7.9 4.6 B 3.3
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 63.3 C 6.7 2.7 A 1.4 34.0 C 6.6 0.0 A 0.0
Not-for-profit 22.7 B 4.3 16.3 B 3.6 61.0 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0
Charity 46.3 C 5.7 11.8 A 1.6 41.9 C 6.3 0.0 A 0.0
For-profit 46.2 E 12.2 9.9 C 5.7 42.4 E 11.9 1.4 A 1.1
43.9 B 2.9 7.0 A 1.4 46.2 B 2.9 2.9 A 0.8
33.9 D 8.4 15.7 D 7.7 45.1 D 8.1 5.3 B 2.7
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective
sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Place of birth
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Social Enterprises
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Innovation
Activities developed
or introduced
Age of Business
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Table 11: Intended Use of Lease FinancingSurvey question(s):
D.4. What type of asset did your business intend to acquire through this lease?
Notes:
D.4 is applicable only to those that requested lease financing in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
Region
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Other material
Intended use of lease financing
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Other machinery or
equipmentVehicles
Computer hardware
or software
Construction (NAICS 23)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
CMA Level
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE $
Qualit
y
CV $
Qualit
y
CV
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 25.7 A 0.7 98.9 A 0.3 11,410,856,269 B 5.8 61,274 B 5.4
1 to 4 employees 19.8 A 0.9 98.7 A 0.5 2,154,272,244 C 11.4 27,431 C 10.5
5 to 19 employees 31.9 A 1.3 99.0 A 0.3 4,419,048,510 C 11.3 58,515 C 10.2
20 to 99 employees 34.6 A 1.7 98.5 A 0.9 3,414,310,645 B 9.5 127,799 B 8.5
100 to 499 employees 40.7 B 3.2 99.9 A 0.1 1,423,224,870 C 12.2 260,717 C 10.6
Atlantic 38.8 A 2.3 99.5 A 0.4 664,602,207 C 10.6 37,828 C 10.2
Quebec 9.7 A 1.0 97.4 A 1.7 1,008,262,955 D 20.8 65,482 D 18.5
Ontario 30.6 A 1.1 99.2 A 0.4 4,788,963,677 B 7.0 60,994 B 6.7
Northern Ontario 27.8 B 2.5 99.5 A 0.4 202,815,007 D 15.5 46,886 C 14.7
Southern Ontario 30.8 A 1.2 99.1 A 0.4 4,586,148,670 B 7.3 61,817 B 7.0
Prairies 30.2 A 1.5 98.3 A 0.6 3,410,240,502 C 14.0 78,457 C 13.0
Manitoba 36.3 B 3.3 99.1 A 0.7 508,803,416 D 22.3 62,846 D 20.9
Saskatchewan 33.1 B 3.2 97.7 A 1.4 518,782,923 D 20.6 68,595 D 17.8
Alberta 28.2 A 2.0 98.3 A 0.8 2,382,654,163 D 19.2 85,684 D 17.8
British Columbia and Territories 26.6 A 2.0 99.2 A 0.7 1,538,786,928 C 13.5 49,194 C 12.4
St. John's 30.1 D 8.3 100.0 A 0.0 48,984,303 F 39.4 43,082 F 36.3
Halifax 31.9 C 5.6 100.0 A 0.0 87,644,703 E 27.4 36,741 E 26.5
Quebec 6.2 A 2.4 100.0 A 0.0 77,477,199 F 39.6 90,272 F 35.8
Montreal 11.7 A 1.7 96.1 B 2.9 664,426,887 E 30.5 79,172 E 25.9
Ottawa-Gatineau 30.3 B 4.5 99.9 A 0.1 224,680,755 D 23.5 32,265 D 24.0
Toronto 30.7 A 1.9 98.4 A 0.8 2,629,332,762 C 11.2 75,352 C 10.3
Kingston 28.0 B 4.6 100.0 A 0.0 28,419,881 D 24.8 31,400 D 20.8
Hamilton 29.6 C 5.2 99.1 A 0.9 179,163,156 D 23.5 45,097 D 22.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 36.9 C 6.1 100.0 A 0.0 79,741,685 E 25.2 29,561 E 25.5
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 30.9 B 4.9 100.0 A 0.0 175,690,503 D 20.9 59,347 D 22.4
London 34.8 B 4.9 100.0 A 0.0 119,198,685 D 18.2 37,527 D 17.5
Windsor 25.4 C 5.1 100.0 A 0.0 82,934,047 E 29.5 57,778 E 31.7
Thunder Bay 32.4 B 5.0 100.0 A 0.0 23,724,707 D 22.9 32,221 D 22.6
Winnipeg 37.2 B 4.4 98.9 A 1.1 350,861,174 E 27.7 63,042 E 26.3
Calgary 33.5 B 3.8 97.5 A 1.3 906,374,483 F 39.2 94,223 E 34.9
Edmonton 25.8 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 435,933,890 E 25.9 63,659 D 23.1
Vancouver 26.9 B 3.1 100.0 A 0.0 865,113,094 D 18.8 59,130 D 17.7
Victoria 32.7 D 7.7 100.0 A 0.0 232,919,940 F 47.4 69,170 F 36.7
24.9 A 2.2 99.5 A 0.5 956,530,333 D 17.3 84,498 D 15.5
34.6 A 2.1 99.3 A 0.5 2,521,362,636 C 11.9 61,142 C 11.5
39.4 A 2.0 98.7 A 0.6 1,520,937,866 B 9.7 93,867 B 9.5
37.9 A 2.0 98.7 A 0.8 1,871,454,658 B 8.4 133,185 B 7.6
33.0 A 2.1 100.0 A 0.0 1,861,749,368 D 15.4 66,889 C 13.6
19.0 A 2.0 98.3 A 1.1 420,325,083 D 19.2 53,971 D 17.7
13.6 A 1.4 97.4 A 1.7 486,790,879 D 22.1 34,810 D 20.6
25.2 A 2.1 98.3 A 1.5 250,710,019 D 18.0 16,795 D 16.7
31.4 A 2.2 98.1 A 0.9 389,154,683 D 16.9 24,997 D 15.3
16.3 A 1.5 98.6 A 1.1 1,131,840,746 F 35.5 48,548 E 33.3
Tourism 24.6 A 2.0 98.6 A 1.3 430,515,507 E 25.7 24,188 D 22.5
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
16.2 B 2.6 98.5 A 1.1 197,836,459 E 29.3 42,122 E 25.3
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 14.2 B 2.9 100.0 A 0.0 254,256,918 F 36.6 73,854 E 30.5
Rural 26.5 A 1.5 99.0 A 0.7 1,866,889,689 C 12.0 50,163 C 10.6
Urban 25.5 A 0.7 98.8 A 0.3 9,543,966,580 B 6.5 64,048 B 6.1
Exporter 30.4 A 1.9 99.2 A 0.4 2,905,177,248 C 10.3 112,408 B 7.9
Non-exporter 25.1 A 0.7 98.8 A 0.3 8,505,679,022 B 7.0 53,033 B 6.6
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 22.7 A 2.1 98.5 A 0.9 1,444,243,941 D 19.5 123,232 D 16.6
24.2 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0 1,260,727,293 C 13.7 65,622 C 11.2
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 26.0 A 1.0 98.4 A 0.6 4,948,650,623 B 7.7 63,784 B 7.1
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 25.6 A 1.8 99.1 A 0.6 1,830,188,004 D 21.3 54,161 D 19.5
30.8 A 2.2 99.1 A 0.5 1,256,101,262 C 13.9 47,521 C 13.6
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 22.1 A 1.9 99.4 A 0.3 465,266,693 C 15.0 30,526 C 13.1
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 21.6 A 1.2 98.5 A 0.6 2,792,085,701 D 15.9 53,736 C 14.3
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 24.2 A 1.3 99.1 A 0.5 3,025,911,895 C 12.7 66,267 C 11.7
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 32.4 A 1.3 98.8 A 0.5 5,127,591,981 B 6.6 69,892 B 6.3
29.7 A 1.7 98.6 A 0.7 3,475,958,087 C 13.4 90,848 C 11.6
32.4 A 2.1 98.4 A 0.9 2,590,436,275 D 15.7 95,043 C 13.7
33.1 A 2.2 98.7 A 0.9 2,027,783,845 D 18.8 71,368 D 16.8
33.1 A 2.1 98.2 A 0.9 2,042,080,275 D 19.4 66,895 D 17.2
31.3 A 1.3 98.5 A 0.6 4,953,273,122 B 9.8 75,199 B 8.8
23.4 A 0.8 99.1 A 0.3 6,055,495,049 B 7.7 55,247 B 7.1
Holds IP 28.7 A 1.3 98.6 A 0.6 5,646,155,191 B 9.8 107,591 B 8.5
Holds Formal IP 32.1 A 2.2 99.1 A 0.6 2,556,217,033 C 11.7 121,304 B 9.2
No IP 24.8 A 0.8 99.0 A 0.3 5,362,612,980 B 6.9 43,599 B 6.4
Familiar with at least one type of IP 27.1 A 0.8 98.9 A 0.3 9,758,489,922 B 6.5 68,244 B 6.1
Not familiar with any type of IP 21.5 A 1.4 98.7 A 0.7 1,250,278,249 C 13.7 38,491 C 12.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 39.3 B 2.7 96.2 A 2.0 509,719,922 D 20.7 223,481 D 18.7
<30 years old 16.8 B 3.7 100.0 A 0.0 37,956,956 F 49.4 17,787 F 47.4
30 to 39 years old 25.0 A 2.0 98.2 A 1.0 1,471,901,101 D 20.7 58,113 D 18.0
40 to 49 years old 26.7 A 1.4 98.8 A 0.5 3,234,381,404 C 13.9 66,579 C 12.6
50 to 64 years old 25.7 A 1.0 99.1 A 0.3 5,370,001,115 B 7.1 61,559 B 6.9
65+ years old 25.8 A 1.8 98.8 A 1.0 1,296,615,694 C 10.5 56,489 B 9.0
Less than high school 25.3 A 2.5 98.1 A 1.1 565,550,259 D 20.1 47,489 D 18.1
High school 27.5 A 1.5 99.2 A 0.5 2,430,118,452 C 10.8 51,720 B 10.0
College/Cegep/Trade School 28.2 A 1.3 99.2 A 0.4 3,156,325,751 C 11.5 52,709 C 10.8
Bachelor's degree 25.7 A 1.3 98.0 A 0.8 3,459,205,361 B 9.3 73,506 B 8.6
Master's degree or above 18.5 A 1.6 99.8 A 0.2 1,799,656,447 D 21.5 88,257 D 18.3
In Canada 26.2 A 0.8 99.1 A 0.3 9,111,335,352 B 6.7 63,815 B 6.2
Outside Canada 24.2 A 1.4 98.2 A 0.7 2,299,520,918 C 11.8 52,924 C 10.7
0% 24.6 A 0.9 98.8 A 0.4 6,184,094,322 B 6.6 65,065 B 6.1
1% to 49% 30.2 A 2.1 99.5 A 0.3 2,067,658,302 D 19.4 92,614 D 16.7
50% 32.3 A 1.7 98.2 A 0.7 2,558,203,412 C 13.8 52,571 C 12.7
51% to 99% 21.1 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 113,789,333 D 21.6 29,413 D 19.3
100% 17.1 A 1.7 99.9 A 0.1 487,110,900 D 18.3 29,834 D 17.6
Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
33.3 B 4.7 94.5 A 2.3 347,938,474 F 51.0 53,668 F 44.7
Co-operatives Co-operatives 30.5 A 1.6 100.0 A 0.0 119,572,701 D 17.8 524,981 D 16.5
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 42.1 A 2.2 98.4 A 1.2 189,329,831 D 15.4 365,335 C 13.7
Not-for-profit 13.9 A 0.9 98.6 A 0.2 992,136 D 22.2 13,395 D 19.5
Charity 28.0 A 1.7 98.3 A 0.6 1,541,613 C 10.9 23,333 C 10.2
For-profit 26.6 B 3.0 96.8 B 2.6 679,987,818 E 30.7 76,940 E 26.7
26.1 A 0.7 98.9 A 0.3 10,707,443,531 B 6.0 65,366 B 5.6
23.4 A 1.8 98.3 A 1.1 703,412,738 D 21.9 31,373 D 20.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Incorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Legal Status
Outcome of trade credit financing request
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Special industry
aggregations
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
CMA Level
Average amount of trade credit
provided
Requested trade
credit financing in
2017
Approved
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 12: Trade Credit FinancingSurvey question(s):
E.1. In 2017, did your business purchase a product or service on credit provided by a supplier and pay that supplier at a later date?
E.2. What was the outcome of your business’ largest request for trade credit financing in 2017?
E.3. Please indicate the value of the largest trade credit provided.
Notes:
E.1 is applicable to all respondents.
E.2 is applicable only to those that requested trade credit financing in 2017.
E.3 is applicable only to those that were approved for trade credit financing in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
Region
Approval rateTotal amount of trade
credit provided
Age of Business
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Construction (NAICS 23)
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Location
Export Status
Growth
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
% Qualit
y
SE $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 0.8 A 0.1 8,448,942,090 E 27.4 1,388,915 E 25.1
1 to 4 employees 0.4 A 0.1 1,366,185,132 F 61.3 776,553 F 54.1
5 to 19 employees 0.9 A 0.3 753,465,971 F 54.4 334,757 F 41.7
20 to 99 employees 2.0 A 0.6 2,871,347,477 F 54.2 1,790,509 F 48.8
100 to 499 employees 3.5 A 1.5 3,457,943,510 F 41.7 7,366,761 C 14.6
Atlantic 0.3 A 0.1 253,968,575 F 84.4 2,111,489 F 88.1
Quebec 0.7 A 0.2 798,655,625 E 33.8 728,004 F 38.2
Ontario 0.8 A 0.2 1,585,666,178 D 21.4 769,605 E 26.6
Northern Ontario 0.4 A 0.2 127,644,663 F 76.5 1,855,217 F 62.0
Southern Ontario 0.8 A 0.2 1,458,021,515 D 22.3 732,100 E 27.5
Prairies 1.1 A 0.4 2,395,101,950 F 64.7 1,482,722 F 60.9
Manitoba 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Saskatchewan 0.7 A 0.5 9,828,632 F 58.8 58,139 F 37.1
Alberta 1.4 A 0.5 2,385,273,318 F 65.0 1,649,239 F 61.3
British Columbia and Territories 1.0 A 0.4 3,415,549,763 F 48.4 2,869,990 F 37.2
St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Halifax 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Quebec 0.3 A 0.3 3,554,149 F 96.2 96,126 A 4.8
Montreal 0.8 A 0.4 435,906,165 F 48.3 707,934 F 47.7
Ottawa-Gatineau 1.1 A 0.9 70,214,069 F 74.1 282,489 F 81.1
Toronto 0.6 A 0.2 901,026,338 E 29.8 1,278,501 F 43.5
Kingston 0.2 A 0.2 7,660,915 F 90.3 1,400,000 A 0.0
Hamilton 1.2 A 0.8 32,483,345 F 62.1 204,659 D 21.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 1.9 A 1.9 104,943,287 F 99.3 746,418 A 0.5
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 4.8 B 3.5 113,493,621 F 70.5 245,833 D 18.1
London 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Windsor 0.3 A 0.3 28,205,826 F 97.9 1,500,000 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 0.1 A 0.1 225,507 F 76.5 100,000 A 0.0
Winnipeg 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Calgary 2.3 A 1.2 1,503,059,002 F 95.0 2,254,391 F 96.6
Edmonton 1.1 A 0.9 22,337,212 F 62.4 77,438 F 43.2
Vancouver 1.0 A 0.5 1,737,315,393 F 60.0 3,308,303 F 48.9
Victoria 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.8 A 0.3 1,910,970,196 F 75.3 5,558,220 F 61.4
0.3 A 0.2 147,145,201 F 52.8 350,363 F 64.3
1.8 A 0.6 1,188,404,069 F 51.7 1,579,169 F 46.1
1.3 A 0.5 696,081,054 F 38.8 1,427,958 F 42.2
0.5 A 0.2 311,917,728 F 69.7 803,681 F 81.4
0.3 A 0.1 56,149,287 F 43.2 460,000 F 52.8
1.3 A 0.5 1,118,805,928 F 48.3 801,324 F 42.9
0.3 A 0.2 26,997,050 F 72.1 135,431 D 16.5
0.6 A 0.5 28,869,580 F 59.0 95,757 F 50.4
1.2 A 0.4 2,963,601,998 F 53.4 1,772,366 F 41.1
Tourism 0.3 A 0.2 52,014,937 F 54.5 251,888 F 48.4
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
2.1 A 0.7 5,263,831,260 F 86.8 8,527,052 F 72.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 1.3 A 0.9 757,675,778 F 77.1 2,321,447 F 84.4
Rural 1.0 A 0.3 2,475,336,565 F 55.7 1,711,060 F 40.8
Urban 0.8 A 0.1 5,973,605,525 E 31.2 1,288,400 E 30.4
Exporter 1.9 A 0.6 4,588,034,769 F 43.1 2,838,135 F 38.0
Non-exporter 0.7 A 0.1 3,860,907,322 E 31.2 864,404 E 27.9
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 2.2 A 1.0 2,359,972,725 F 56.9 2,009,428 F 50.9
0.2 A 0.1 210,864,945 F 40.3 1,431,018 F 50.5
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 0.7 A 0.2 1,826,330,428 F 47.3 860,881 F 41.7
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 0.5 A 0.2 923,946,274 F 64.2 1,517,844 F 58.5
1.6 A 0.6 1,087,834,442 F 56.7 769,087 F 43.9
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 0.7 A 0.2 2,021,219,777 F 71.5 4,135,024 F 62.0
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 1.2 A 0.3 4,764,287,775 F 37.1 1,583,685 E 30.7
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 0.7 A 0.2 436,706,780 F 44.7 349,839 F 39.1
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 0.6 A 0.2 1,226,727,759 E 29.2 917,074 F 36.0
1.9 A 0.5 5,685,448,618 F 38.7 2,330,461 E 35.0
2.1 A 0.7 3,608,592,089 F 45.5 1,977,470 F 45.9
2.0 A 0.7 2,056,481,030 F 38.7 1,176,747 F 38.2
1.1 A 0.4 1,303,098,427 E 34.5 1,231,918 F 43.2
1.5 A 0.3 6,196,199,329 F 35.7 1,999,143 E 32.5
0.6 A 0.1 1,994,568,881 E 33.4 713,970 E 27.5
Holds IP 2.2 A 0.4 5,409,144,610 E 31.4 1,342,845 E 28.6
Holds Formal IP 2.3 A 0.6 3,280,290,399 F 43.7 2,134,923 F 38.8
No IP 0.4 A 0.1 2,781,623,600 F 56.1 1,491,540 F 50.8
Familiar with at least one type of IP 1.0 A 0.2 7,956,754,789 E 28.9 1,514,226 E 26.1
Not familiar with any type of IP 0.4 A 0.2 234,013,421 F 56.0 366,568 F 51.0
Procurement Did business with Federal government 2.6 A 0.8 474,558,323 F 74.3 3,080,045 F 70.4
<30 years old 0.9 A 0.9 104,028,573 F 98.6 907,029 A 0.0
30 to 39 years old 0.4 A 0.1 1,269,729,137 F 54.8 3,068,179 F 53.3
40 to 49 years old 1.0 A 0.3 2,505,434,402 F 55.1 1,373,229 F 46.9
50 to 64 years old 0.9 A 0.2 4,061,755,359 F 42.1 1,362,961 F 39.4
65+ years old 0.8 A 0.3 507,994,619 F 42.7 677,314 F 37.0
Less than high school 0.6 A 0.3 209,967,185 F 82.8 767,602 F 53.0
High school 0.4 A 0.2 131,486,255 F 57.2 177,474 F 66.2
College/Cegep/Trade School 0.8 A 0.3 1,598,532,036 F 44.7 956,139 E 25.6
Bachelor's degree 1.2 A 0.3 4,414,233,804 F 37.3 1,964,314 E 33.4
Master's degree or above 1.0 A 0.3 2,094,722,812 F 69.3 1,822,080 F 68.9
In Canada 0.9 A 0.2 7,985,116,925 E 28.9 1,547,026 E 26.3
Outside Canada 0.5 A 0.2 463,825,165 F 40.3 503,320 F 45.6
0% 0.9 A 0.2 3,666,447,144 E 26.9 1,009,023 D 23.9
1% to 49% 1.4 A 0.4 3,236,221,804 F 59.2 3,095,408 F 48.1
50% 0.6 A 0.2 1,414,533,771 F 59.8 1,518,754 F 48.6
51% to 99% 1.5 A 1.0 104,731,202 F 69.9 385,089 F 96.2
100% 0.2 A 0.1 27,008,169 F 71.5 134,618 D 15.4
Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
2.3 A 1.2 75,703,972 F 55.9 161,286 F 51.4
Co-operatives Co-operatives 7.2 A 1.1 3,588,998 E 25.6 67,025 D 24.1
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 2.7 A 0.9 1,497,062,778 F 69.8 43,657,173 F 63.7
Not-for-profit 1.3 A 0.2 137,800 F 50.9 19,642 F 40.9
Charity 1.2 A 0.9 40,049 F 79.5 14,288 A 0.0
For-profit 1.3 A 0.9 126,605,204 F 55.1 291,628 E 31.9
0.9 A 0.1 8,283,981,913 E 27.9 1,471,817 E 25.4
0.5 A 0.3 164,960,177 F 65.4 362,776 F 50.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included
in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Export Status
Social Enterprises
A new organizational method in your business
Notes:
F.1 is applicable to all respondents.
F.2 is applicable only to those that requested equity financing in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
Average amount of
equity provided
Region
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Innovation
Activities developed
or introduced
Total amount of equity
provided
Table 13: Equity Financing
CMA Level
Requested equity
financing in 2017
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Table 14: Government Financing (Grants, Subsidies or Non-Repayable Contributions)
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE $ Qualit
y
CV $ Qualit
y
CV
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 3.7 A 0.2 76.6 B 2.9 536,872,688 C 11.4 25,892 C 10.2
1 to 4 employees 1.8 A 0.2 75.1 C 6.2 101,596,694 D 24.6 18,785 D 20.1
5 to 19 employees 5.5 A 0.6 75.1 B 4.5 190,858,838 D 23.8 19,354 D 21.1
20 to 99 employees 6.1 A 0.7 79.3 B 4.9 109,164,654 D 19.9 28,627 D 17.8
100 to 499 employees 14.3 A 2.0 86.2 B 4.4 135,252,502 D 18.6 81,849 C 13.2
Atlantic 4.3 A 0.8 83.9 C 7.0 61,139,104 E 29.9 37,024 D 22.7
Quebec 5.6 A 0.7 84.1 B 4.5 161,962,661 E 25.7 21,051 D 23.1
Ontario 3.8 A 0.4 72.3 B 4.6 197,600,416 C 14.4 27,963 C 14.0
Northern Ontario 7.7 A 1.6 61.3 E 10.7 15,872,392 E 29.1 21,613 E 25.4
Southern Ontario 3.5 A 0.4 73.9 B 5.0 181,728,023 D 15.5 28,700 D 15.2
Prairies 2.3 A 0.4 54.2 E 10.1 44,566,225 F 39.6 24,882 E 30.6
Manitoba 2.5 A 1.4 5.6 B 4.9 1,090,300 F 46.8 35,430 F 60.1
Saskatchewan 2.4 A 0.9 94.3 C 5.3 5,727,307 F 51.8 11,005 E 30.1
Alberta 2.2 A 0.5 56.3 E 12.4 37,748,618 F 46.0 30,444 E 34.2
British Columbia and Territories 2.4 A 0.5 88.3 C 5.9 71,604,282 E 33.9 28,274 E 28.7
St. John's 0.1 A 0.1 100.0 A 0.0 37,733 F 80.7 11,424 A 0.0
Halifax 3.3 A 1.6 64.5 F 24.5 20,109,728 F 46.8 126,725 F 43.6
Quebec 5.1 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 12,053,856 F 48.7 17,341 F 37.7
Montreal 4.7 A 1.2 91.9 B 4.5 92,079,727 F 40.6 28,435 F 37.1
Ottawa-Gatineau 3.3 A 1.1 59.3 F 17.7 9,519,397 F 50.4 20,937 F 43.6
Toronto 2.5 A 0.5 71.2 D 9.7 70,419,467 E 26.8 34,181 D 24.2
Kingston 3.9 A 1.9 32.7 F 19.7 289,435 F 43.6 7,064 E 31.5
Hamilton 4.1 B 2.6 93.3 C 5.6 10,207,674 F 41.7 19,540 F 68.6
St. Catharines-Niagara 7.8 B 2.9 71.0 F 19.6 25,955,787 F 61.0 63,982 F 39.2
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 1.1 A 0.4 61.1 F 19.6 4,544,283 F 82.4 72,862 F 71.8
London 5.1 A 1.9 94.7 B 4.6 14,571,958 F 38.4 33,268 E 30.0
Windsor 3.8 A 1.6 90.9 D 8.8 2,932,156 F 83.9 14,962 F 68.2
Thunder Bay 7.2 B 2.7 56.2 F 19.4 2,059,826 F 54.5 22,349 F 46.8
Winnipeg 2.3 A 1.6 8.0 D 8.3 1,079,971 F 47.2 39,515 F 66.7
Calgary 2.7 A 1.2 52.1 F 22.6 10,018,073 F 83.5 24,525 F 48.6
Edmonton 4.0 A 1.4 44.5 F 16.6 8,130,155 F 60.7 17,324 F 58.4
Vancouver 2.8 A 0.9 93.2 C 5.0 44,407,659 F 50.8 31,257 F 41.8
Victoria 2.2 A 1.8 100.0 A 0.0 8,323,806 F 78.4 37,038 B 8.0
11.8 A 1.4 72.2 C 6.3 103,667,906 D 22.5 26,674 D 16.6
1.9 A 0.5 80.9 E 12.0 17,327,740 E 29.3 9,284 D 21.1
8.9 A 1.1 81.5 B 4.4 173,149,763 D 16.7 57,280 C 14.9
4.2 A 0.9 70.6 E 10.8 11,540,229 E 26.3 10,435 D 24.4
2.8 A 0.9 85.8 D 8.3 19,686,129 F 50.3 9,600 F 44.9
3.3 A 1.0 70.7 E 12.3 15,020,296 E 28.5 15,262 D 21.7
4.3 A 0.7 84.6 C 5.9 100,533,403 E 30.6 26,449 D 23.5
1.8 A 0.5 45.3 E 14.2 5,244,717 F 40.9 10,738 E 30.8
2.4 A 0.5 88.3 C 6.5 4,229,682 E 26.7 3,963 D 21.7
2.4 A 0.5 69.9 E 10.7 86,472,823 F 41.6 35,121 F 37.6
Tourism 2.1 A 0.5 53.8 E 12.8 7,042,185 E 34.0 8,362 E 33.8
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
6.0 A 1.3 90.9 C 5.2 203,368,675 E 28.0 126,058 D 17.0
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 5.5 A 1.8 77.0 F 16.9 42,977,186 E 31.9 41,945 E 25.7
Rural 4.9 A 0.5 67.1 C 5.6 118,200,457 D 21.1 25,167 D 17.7
Urban 3.4 A 0.3 80.0 B 3.3 418,672,231 C 13.4 26,104 C 12.1
Exporter 8.6 A 1.0 81.7 B 4.2 297,108,103 D 17.3 49,459 C 14.2
Non-exporter 3.0 A 0.3 74.8 B 3.6 239,764,585 C 14.1 16,279 C 12.0
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 6.7 A 1.2 79.5 C 6.4 78,803,135 F 40.9 28,136 F 36.5
4.8 A 0.9 90.2 B 4.1 69,086,772 D 20.2 20,060 D 19.0
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 4.1 A 0.4 73.8 B 4.7 234,930,127 D 18.0 25,742 D 15.8
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 2.4 A 0.4 67.4 D 9.5 73,557,782 D 21.2 33,583 D 20.6
2.3 A 0.5 82.7 D 7.9 43,253,304 F 41.3 25,950 E 32.8
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 2.2 A 0.5 71.1 E 10.3 19,844,961 E 28.7 18,189 E 26.6
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 3.4 A 0.5 83.4 C 5.4 130,419,502 D 24.0 18,781 D 22.3
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 3.6 A 0.5 66.8 C 6.7 138,441,178 E 28.0 30,126 D 21.6
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 4.5 A 0.4 78.6 B 3.8 248,167,047 C 14.4 30,620 C 13.6
7.1 A 0.7 83.7 B 3.7 296,382,830 D 18.0 38,320 C 14.5
7.5 A 0.9 84.4 B 3.8 211,965,527 D 19.2 39,308 D 15.5
6.8 A 0.9 91.6 B 2.8 201,419,205 D 20.2 36,970 D 16.4
6.4 A 0.9 86.1 B 4.1 149,126,391 E 25.7 28,875 D 20.1
5.9 A 0.5 84.1 B 3.0 374,024,607 C 14.9 35,252 C 12.3
2.8 A 0.3 70.5 B 4.9 159,414,395 D 16.5 17,073 D 15.3
Holds IP 6.2 A 0.7 83.3 B 3.3 317,793,163 D 15.6 33,180 C 14.8
Holds Formal IP 8.8 A 1.3 78.6 C 5.6 176,502,895 D 18.2 38,599 D 19.3
No IP 2.9 A 0.3 72.2 B 4.4 215,645,839 D 16.8 20,796 C 14.0
Familiar with at least one type of IP 4.3 A 0.3 79.1 B 3.0 507,881,582 C 12.0 27,889 C 10.8
Not familiar with any type of IP 1.9 A 0.4 61.2 E 10.3 25,557,420 E 28.6 14,718 D 23.4
Procurement Did business with Federal government 9.7 A 1.5 88.8 B 4.7 11,209,446 D 23.4 21,456 D 19.8
<30 years old 5.8 B 2.6 38.8 F 20.3 2,261,511 F 41.4 7,888 E 30.7
30 to 39 years old 4.0 A 0.7 83.5 B 4.7 105,260,244 E 33.5 30,307 E 27.5
40 to 49 years old 4.4 A 0.5 81.7 C 5.1 159,499,665 D 20.9 24,176 D 17.6
50 to 64 years old 3.4 A 0.4 76.1 B 4.3 225,338,388 D 16.1 25,580 D 15.6
65+ years old 2.8 A 0.6 62.6 E 10.6 44,512,880 E 27.3 28,367 E 25.6
Less than high school 2.4 A 0.7 63.0 E 14.6 33,613,427 F 39.7 45,390 E 30.5
High school 2.3 A 0.4 67.1 D 8.4 65,702,513 E 26.3 24,943 D 24.2
College/Cegep/Trade School 4.1 A 0.5 75.4 C 5.2 142,380,136 E 27.0 21,337 D 24.3
Bachelor's degree 4.6 A 0.6 80.3 B 4.9 170,273,329 D 16.9 24,883 D 15.7
Master's degree or above 4.2 A 0.7 83.8 C 5.2 124,903,283 E 25.7 32,484 D 21.1
In Canada 4.0 A 0.3 77.7 B 3.1 465,543,175 C 12.8 27,111 C 10.8
Outside Canada 2.7 A 0.5 71.8 D 7.8 71,329,514 D 21.8 20,017 E 25.9
0% 3.4 A 0.3 78.1 B 4.1 315,541,502 D 17.0 30,539 D 15.3
1% to 49% 5.8 A 0.8 79.8 C 5.4 91,515,649 D 19.0 26,716 D 15.6
50% 3.7 A 0.5 74.8 C 6.4 91,584,602 D 22.2 21,857 D 19.4
51% to 99% 6.0 A 2.2 72.0 E 14.0 8,752,623 F 54.5 11,014 F 54.7
100% 3.0 A 0.7 70.4 E 11.0 29,478,312 F 45.4 14,794 F 38.0
Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
7.7 A 2.0 37.8 E 12.5 9,575,081 F 62.5 15,984 F 57.0
Co-operatives Co-operatives 15.6 A 1.3 84.1 B 3.2 3,636,543 D 18.0 37,203 C 14.6
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 11.0 A 1.5 87.3 B 4.2 10,719,367 D 20.7 89,555 D 15.7
Not-for-profit 49.6 A 1.4 85.5 A 1.3 37,510,326 B 6.3 163,589 B 5.6
Charity 61.3 A 1.9 84.3 A 1.5 19,883,843 B 7.1 160,309 B 6.6
For-profit 4.4 A 1.2 86.3 C 7.2 50,865,460 F 61.8 39,211 F 48.9
3.6 A 0.3 77.8 B 3.0 502,186,642 C 11.9 27,909 C 10.3
4.0 A 0.8 69.7 D 9.0 34,686,046 F 43.4 12,651 F 42.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective
sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Construction (NAICS 23)
Intellectual Property
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social
Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Age of Business
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Survey question(s):
G.1. In 2017, did your business seek government grants, subsidies or non-repayable contributions?
G.2. What was the outcome of your business’ largest request for government grants, subsidies or non-repayable contributions in 2017?
G.3. Please indicate the value of the government grant, subsidy or non-repayable contribution provided.
Notes:
G.1 is applicable to all respondents.
G.2 is applicable only to those that requested government financing in 2017.
G.3 is applicable only to those that were approved for government financing in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Requested
government
financing in 2017
Outcome of government financing request
Approval rate
Approved
Total amount of
government financing
provided
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Export Status
CMA Level
Average amount of
government
financing provided
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Employment Size
Region
Social Enterprises
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Growth
Location
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE Average
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE Average
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 9.5 A 0.4 33.3 A 0.8 26.0 A 0.7 31.3 A 0.7 16.7 A 1.2 10.6 A 0.5 33.1 A 0.8 26.0 A 0.7 30.4 A 0.7 16.4 A 1.2 75.1 A 0.6 21.5 A 0.6 3.4 A 0.3
1 to 4 employees 11.2 A 0.7 35.7 A 1.2 26.5 A 1.0 26.6 A 1.0 14.8 A 1.8 12.2 A 0.7 35.2 A 1.2 26.7 A 1.0 25.8 A 1.0 14.6 A 1.8 83.4 A 0.8 13.8 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.4
5 to 19 employees 7.7 A 0.6 31.0 A 1.4 26.0 A 1.3 35.2 A 1.3 18.0 A 2.1 8.9 A 0.7 30.9 A 1.4 25.9 A 1.3 34.3 A 1.3 17.7 A 2.2 67.8 A 1.3 28.8 A 1.2 3.4 A 0.4
20 to 99 employees 6.5 A 0.9 29.6 A 1.9 23.4 A 1.6 40.5 A 1.8 20.9 A 3.4 7.7 A 1.0 30.1 A 1.9 22.7 A 1.6 39.5 A 1.8 20.6 A 3.4 58.5 A 2.0 35.5 A 2.0 6.1 A 0.8
100 to 499 employees 7.3 A 1.6 21.8 B 3.4 24.8 B 3.1 46.2 B 3.3 24.4 B 5.3 7.8 A 1.7 23.5 B 3.6 22.8 B 2.9 46.0 B 3.3 24.1 B 5.3 55.3 B 3.4 39.7 B 3.4 5.0 A 1.0
Atlantic 5.8 A 0.8 28.0 A 2.2 25.9 A 2.1 40.2 A 2.3 19.8 A 3.5 6.6 A 0.8 28.2 A 2.2 27.1 A 2.1 38.2 A 2.2 19.3 A 3.4 69.5 A 2.0 25.3 A 1.9 5.2 A 0.9
Quebec 8.8 A 0.9 34.0 A 1.9 23.2 A 1.5 34.0 A 1.8 17.1 A 2.7 10.2 A 1.0 33.7 A 1.9 23.3 A 1.6 32.8 A 1.8 16.9 A 2.8 68.0 A 1.5 28.3 A 1.5 3.7 A 0.6
Ontario 10.8 A 0.8 33.2 A 1.3 25.2 A 1.1 30.9 A 1.1 16.4 A 1.9 11.7 A 0.8 33.1 A 1.3 24.9 A 1.1 30.3 A 1.1 16.2 A 1.9 78.2 A 1.0 18.9 A 0.9 2.9 A 0.4
Northern Ontario 9.1 A 1.7 26.3 B 2.6 25.5 B 2.7 39.1 B 2.8 19.7 A 4.6 9.7 A 1.7 26.4 B 2.6 25.4 B 2.7 38.4 B 2.8 19.5 A 4.7 65.5 B 2.6 30.8 B 2.6 3.8 A 0.9
Southern Ontario 10.9 A 0.9 33.6 A 1.3 25.1 A 1.2 30.3 A 1.2 16.2 A 2.0 11.8 A 0.9 33.5 A 1.3 24.9 A 1.2 29.7 A 1.2 16.0 A 2.0 79.0 A 1.0 18.2 A 1.0 2.8 A 0.4
Prairies 8.9 A 0.8 34.3 A 1.7 27.3 A 1.6 29.5 A 1.5 16.4 A 2.7 9.8 A 0.9 34.4 A 1.7 27.2 A 1.6 28.7 A 1.5 16.1 A 2.7 76.2 A 1.3 20.4 A 1.3 3.4 A 0.5
Manitoba 8.5 A 1.7 28.4 B 3.5 23.1 B 3.0 40.0 B 3.6 18.9 B 5.1 8.9 A 1.7 30.3 B 3.6 23.5 B 2.9 37.3 B 3.5 18.5 B 5.2 72.3 B 3.1 22.7 B 2.8 5.0 A 1.5
Saskatchewan 11.4 A 2.1 35.0 B 3.4 22.4 B 2.8 31.2 B 3.1 19.1 B 6.8 11.4 A 2.1 36.5 B 3.4 21.4 B 2.7 30.7 B 3.0 18.8 B 6.9 73.6 B 2.8 21.6 B 2.6 4.8 A 1.3
Alberta 8.5 A 1.0 35.4 A 2.2 29.3 A 2.1 26.8 A 1.9 15.2 A 3.4 9.6 A 1.1 34.8 A 2.2 29.3 A 2.1 26.3 A 1.9 14.9 A 3.4 77.6 A 1.7 19.6 A 1.7 2.8 A 0.6
British Columbia and Territories 9.6 A 1.1 33.2 A 2.3 30.1 A 2.2 27.1 A 2.0 15.8 A 3.7 11.0 A 1.2 32.4 A 2.2 30.0 A 2.2 26.6 A 2.0 15.6 A 3.8 79.2 A 1.7 17.5 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.9
St. John's 6.2 B 3.6 23.3 C 6.8 37.0 D 8.8 33.5 D 9.4 16.9 C 11.4 6.2 B 3.6 23.3 C 6.8 37.0 D 8.8 33.5 D 9.4 16.9 C 11.5 87.6 B 4.9 8.4 B 3.9 4.0 B 3.0
Halifax 4.6 A 1.8 39.1 C 6.5 21.8 B 4.4 34.6 C 6.0 17.1 C 11.0 7.9 B 2.8 35.8 C 6.3 22.9 B 4.5 33.5 C 6.0 16.5 C 10.3 75.5 C 5.6 24.5 C 5.6 0.0 A 0.0
Quebec 4.5 A 1.3 45.4 C 7.1 25.1 C 5.5 25.0 B 4.8 15.5 B 7.6 4.5 A 1.3 46.5 C 7.1 24.6 C 5.5 24.5 B 4.8 15.4 B 7.7 70.4 C 5.3 27.7 C 5.2 1.9 A 1.1
Montreal 9.7 A 1.3 38.4 B 2.9 22.4 A 2.2 29.5 B 2.6 15.4 A 4.4 12.4 A 1.7 37.3 B 2.9 21.3 A 2.2 29.1 B 2.6 15.2 A 4.5 73.5 A 2.3 23.1 A 2.2 3.5 A 0.9
Ottawa-Gatineau 13.4 B 3.6 39.7 B 4.9 21.7 B 3.6 25.3 B 4.0 13.7 B 7.8 14.2 B 3.6 39.3 B 4.9 22.7 B 3.8 23.8 B 3.8 13.5 B 7.9 82.8 B 3.7 15.3 B 3.7 1.9 A 0.7
Toronto 13.1 A 1.5 37.6 A 2.2 23.8 A 1.8 25.6 A 1.8 14.5 A 3.4 14.5 A 1.5 37.2 A 2.2 22.7 A 1.7 25.5 A 1.8 14.3 A 3.5 82.0 A 1.6 15.1 A 1.5 2.8 A 0.7
Kingston 8.1 B 2.8 19.1 B 3.9 36.3 C 5.0 36.5 B 5.0 19.9 B 7.9 8.1 B 2.8 19.9 B 3.9 35.6 C 5.0 36.4 B 5.0 19.8 B 7.9 72.0 B 4.4 22.6 B 4.0 5.5 A 2.4
Hamilton 14.8 B 4.8 30.0 C 5.8 25.9 C 5.2 29.3 C 5.4 15.0 B 9.3 14.8 B 4.8 30.0 C 5.8 28.4 C 5.4 26.8 C 5.1 14.8 B 9.4 81.0 B 4.0 17.1 B 3.9 1.9 A 0.7
St. Catharines-Niagara 5.9 A 2.0 27.9 C 5.3 27.2 C 5.8 39.0 C 5.9 17.7 B 7.3 6.5 A 2.0 28.3 C 5.3 28.2 C 5.9 36.9 C 5.8 17.0 B 6.8 72.7 C 5.5 24.4 C 5.4 2.8 A 1.0
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 4.8 A 1.6 30.9 C 5.4 31.0 C 5.1 33.3 B 4.6 17.6 B 6.4 5.1 A 1.6 30.5 C 5.4 31.2 C 5.1 33.2 B 4.6 17.4 B 6.5 73.6 B 3.7 25.4 B 3.7 1.0 A 0.5
London 11.1 B 4.1 30.9 C 5.6 23.4 B 4.7 34.7 B 4.8 16.9 B 7.9 11.1 B 4.1 30.9 C 5.6 25.9 B 4.9 32.1 B 4.6 16.5 B 7.8 78.3 B 4.5 19.1 B 4.4 2.5 A 0.9
Windsor 10.1 B 4.1 27.2 B 4.9 25.3 C 5.6 37.5 C 5.7 19.4 B 10.0 11.6 B 4.3 25.7 B 4.7 27.1 C 5.7 35.6 C 5.6 19.2 C 10.1 72.2 C 5.4 25.9 C 5.4 1.9 A 0.9
Thunder Bay 4.2 A 2.0 27.8 C 5.0 25.9 C 5.3 42.1 C 5.3 20.9 B 6.9 4.8 A 2.0 27.2 B 5.0 25.9 C 5.3 42.1 C 5.3 20.6 B 7.1 72.4 B 4.5 23.5 B 4.2 4.2 A 1.8
Winnipeg 7.3 A 1.9 29.2 B 4.6 25.2 B 4.0 38.2 B 4.5 18.2 B 6.3 7.5 A 1.9 32.2 B 4.6 25.8 B 3.9 34.5 B 4.4 17.9 B 6.4 73.8 B 3.8 23.3 B 3.7 2.9 A 1.1
Calgary 10.3 A 2.1 34.2 B 3.9 25.8 B 3.5 29.7 B 3.8 15.8 B 6.5 10.8 A 2.1 34.5 B 3.9 25.3 B 3.5 29.4 B 3.8 15.6 B 6.6 79.6 B 3.1 17.3 B 3.0 3.1 A 1.1
Edmonton 6.4 A 1.7 36.1 B 4.3 31.4 B 4.3 26.1 B 3.7 14.7 B 5.7 8.5 A 1.8 34.0 B 4.2 32.8 B 4.3 24.7 B 3.7 14.4 B 5.7 72.2 B 3.8 25.2 B 3.7 2.5 A 1.3
Vancouver 10.8 A 1.9 35.7 B 3.4 28.2 B 3.1 25.4 B 2.9 14.8 B 5.2 12.9 A 2.2 34.3 B 3.4 28.2 B 3.1 24.6 B 2.9 14.6 B 5.3 80.7 B 2.6 14.4 A 2.2 4.9 A 1.8
Victoria 7.6 B 3.3 38.0 D 8.4 25.5 C 7.0 29.0 D 8.2 17.6 C 13.4 9.3 B 3.7 36.2 D 8.4 26.2 C 7.0 28.2 D 8.2 17.4 C 13.6 83.1 B 5.0 15.8 B 4.9 1.1 A 0.8
5.9 A 1.0 22.1 A 2.3 24.0 A 2.3 48.1 A 2.5 24.2 A 4.1 6.2 A 1.0 22.3 A 2.3 25.1 A 2.3 46.4 A 2.5 23.7 A 4.0 60.5 A 2.2 28.4 A 2.0 11.2 A 1.5
8.6 A 1.1 36.7 A 2.4 25.0 A 2.1 29.7 A 2.1 15.7 A 3.5 9.5 A 1.2 36.2 A 2.4 25.2 A 2.1 29.1 A 2.1 15.5 A 3.5 87.5 A 1.6 10.0 A 1.4 2.6 A 0.8
4.8 A 1.0 22.8 A 1.9 27.9 A 2.2 44.5 A 2.2 22.0 A 3.0 6.0 A 1.1 22.2 A 1.9 27.9 A 2.1 43.9 A 2.2 21.8 A 3.1 69.2 A 2.0 24.7 A 1.7 6.1 A 1.1
4.7 A 0.9 19.4 A 1.9 26.4 A 2.1 49.5 A 2.2 22.8 A 3.0 6.0 A 1.1 20.1 A 1.9 25.9 A 2.0 48.0 A 2.2 22.4 A 3.1 66.7 A 2.1 25.3 A 1.9 8.0 A 1.3
10.5 A 1.4 34.7 A 2.3 21.4 A 1.9 33.4 A 2.1 17.0 A 3.9 12.6 A 1.6 33.3 A 2.3 21.2 A 1.9 32.8 A 2.1 16.8 A 3.9 58.0 A 2.3 39.4 A 2.3 2.6 A 0.5
11.3 A 1.7 32.8 B 2.6 31.0 B 2.6 24.8 A 2.1 15.1 A 3.8 11.8 A 1.7 33.8 B 2.6 29.8 B 2.5 24.6 A 2.1 14.9 A 3.8 84.3 A 1.9 13.1 A 1.7 2.6 A 0.8
10.2 A 1.3 38.2 A 2.2 29.4 A 2.1 22.2 A 1.8 13.8 A 3.2 11.5 A 1.4 37.8 A 2.2 28.7 A 2.1 22.1 A 1.8 13.6 A 3.3 90.6 A 1.1 8.0 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.6
16.8 A 1.6 38.6 A 2.3 22.6 A 2.0 21.9 A 1.9 13.9 B 5.6 18.5 A 1.6 38.6 A 2.4 22.9 A 2.1 20.0 A 1.8 13.4 B 5.7 48.8 A 2.4 47.0 A 2.5 4.2 A 1.1
8.0 A 1.2 25.1 A 2.1 30.2 A 2.4 36.8 A 2.3 18.7 A 3.3 9.0 A 1.2 24.8 A 2.1 30.9 A 2.4 35.3 A 2.3 18.4 A 3.3 71.4 A 2.1 26.0 A 2.0 2.6 A 0.7
9.7 A 1.2 36.9 A 2.3 25.5 A 1.9 27.9 A 2.0 14.9 A 3.5 10.3 A 1.2 37.1 A 2.3 25.6 A 1.9 27.0 A 2.0 14.6 A 3.5 81.7 A 1.7 16.6 A 1.6 1.7 A 0.5
Tourism 14.7 A 1.4 37.3 A 2.3 24.2 A 2.0 23.7 A 2.0 14.7 B 5.2 16.1 A 1.5 37.6 A 2.4 24.1 A 2.0 22.2 A 2.0 14.3 B 5.3 53.9 A 2.3 42.0 A 2.3 4.1 A 1.1
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
10.6 A 1.9 44.4 B 3.3 26.1 B 2.7 18.9 B 2.8 12.9 B 7.0 11.3 A 2.0 45.1 B 3.3 25.0 B 2.6 18.7 B 2.8 12.8 B 7.1 93.7 A 1.6 6.1 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 8.5 A 2.3 40.8 C 5.2 30.2 B 4.7 20.5 B 4.5 13.1 B 7.6 11.1 B 2.7 38.3 C 5.2 30.1 B 4.7 20.5 B 4.5 12.9 B 7.7 91.5 A 2.3 7.6 A 2.1 0.9 A 0.8
Rural 6.6 A 0.8 28.0 A 1.7 27.3 A 1.6 38.0 A 1.6 19.8 A 2.6 6.9 A 0.8 28.5 A 1.7 27.8 A 1.6 36.9 A 1.6 19.4 A 2.6 69.0 A 1.5 26.0 A 1.5 5.0 A 0.6
Urban 10.2 A 0.5 34.5 A 0.9 25.7 A 0.8 29.6 A 0.8 15.9 A 1.4 11.4 A 0.5 34.2 A 0.9 25.5 A 0.8 28.9 A 0.8 15.7 A 1.4 76.6 A 0.7 20.4 A 0.7 3.0 A 0.3
Exporter 9.3 A 1.3 33.1 A 2.2 22.9 A 1.7 34.7 A 2.0 18.0 A 3.4 11.6 A 1.5 32.4 A 2.2 22.0 A 1.7 34.0 A 2.0 17.8 A 3.5 78.2 A 1.6 17.6 A 1.5 4.3 A 0.7
Non-exporter 9.5 A 0.5 33.3 A 0.9 26.4 A 0.8 30.8 A 0.8 16.5 A 1.3 10.4 A 0.5 33.1 A 0.9 26.5 A 0.8 30.0 A 0.8 16.3 A 1.3 74.7 A 0.7 22.0 A 0.7 3.3 A 0.3
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 49.4 B 3.1 22.9 A 2.5 27.6 B 2.6 14.9 A 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 50.8 B 3.0 22.6 A 2.5 26.6 B 2.6 14.6 A 4.6 82.3 A 2.0 15.0 A 1.9 2.7 A 0.7
0.0 A 0.0 42.9 B 2.6 27.6 A 2.4 29.5 A 2.3 17.1 A 3.9 0.0 A 0.0 43.7 B 2.6 27.5 A 2.4 28.7 A 2.2 16.8 A 3.9 74.1 A 2.3 22.5 A 2.2 3.4 A 0.9
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 33.6 A 1.2 30.6 A 1.2 35.7 A 1.1 19.3 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 34.7 A 1.2 30.4 A 1.2 34.9 A 1.1 19.0 A 1.7 72.1 A 1.0 23.6 A 1.0 4.2 A 0.4
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 32.9 A 2.1 28.9 A 1.8 38.2 A 2.0 18.7 A 2.5 0.0 A 0.0 33.7 A 2.1 29.8 A 1.8 36.4 A 1.9 18.4 A 2.6 77.4 A 1.6 19.8 A 1.5 2.8 A 0.7
0.0 A 0.0 34.6 A 2.5 28.7 A 2.2 36.7 A 2.3 18.8 A 3.3 0.0 A 0.0 35.3 A 2.5 28.2 A 2.2 36.5 A 2.3 18.5 A 3.3 73.5 A 2.0 22.8 A 2.0 3.7 A 0.7
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.5 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.4 A 2.3 81.1 A 1.7 17.7 A 1.7 1.2 A 0.3
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.4 A 1.1 3.2 A 0.5 96.8 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.2 A 1.2 81.8 A 1.1 16.8 A 1.1 1.5 A 0.4
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 15.1 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0 2.8 A 0.5 97.1 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 14.9 A 0.7 77.5 A 1.3 21.3 A 1.3 1.2 A 0.3
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 33.6 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.4 A 0.1 2.3 A 0.4 97.3 A 0.4 33.1 A 1.0 64.3 A 1.2 27.8 A 1.2 7.9 A 0.6
10.0 A 1.2 35.4 A 1.9 25.2 A 1.7 29.4 A 1.7 16.3 A 3.3 12.0 A 1.3 35.0 A 1.9 24.4 A 1.7 28.6 A 1.7 16.1 A 3.4 76.4 A 1.6 20.8 A 1.5 2.8 A 0.5
9.6 A 1.3 32.3 A 2.2 28.1 A 2.1 30.0 A 1.9 16.7 A 3.3 12.1 A 1.5 31.1 A 2.2 27.9 A 2.1 28.8 A 1.9 16.4 A 3.4 74.8 A 2.0 21.9 A 1.9 3.3 A 0.6
10.7 A 1.5 31.6 A 2.2 27.7 A 2.2 30.0 A 2.1 16.1 A 3.6 12.1 A 1.5 31.1 A 2.2 28.2 A 2.2 28.6 A 2.0 15.8 A 3.7 74.0 A 2.1 23.3 A 2.0 2.7 A 0.6
11.7 A 1.4 29.3 A 2.1 29.2 A 2.1 29.9 A 2.0 16.4 A 3.7 12.7 A 1.4 29.4 A 2.1 29.0 A 2.1 28.9 A 2.0 16.2 A 3.7 73.1 A 2.0 23.5 A 1.9 3.3 A 0.8
10.4 A 0.9 32.1 A 1.4 26.9 A 1.3 30.6 A 1.3 16.7 A 2.4 11.8 A 1.0 31.9 A 1.4 26.6 A 1.3 29.6 A 1.3 16.4 A 2.4 74.2 A 1.2 22.5 A 1.2 3.2 A 0.4
8.7 A 0.5 33.3 A 1.0 25.5 A 0.9 32.5 A 0.9 17.0 A 1.5 9.4 A 0.6 33.2 A 1.0 25.7 A 0.9 31.7 A 0.9 16.8 A 1.5 77.9 A 0.8 18.5 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.3
Holds IP 9.2 A 0.9 35.7 A 1.6 23.8 A 1.3 31.3 A 1.4 16.7 A 2.4 10.5 A 1.0 35.3 A 1.6 23.5 A 1.3 30.7 A 1.4 16.5 A 2.5 80.7 A 1.1 16.1 A 1.0 3.1 A 0.4
Holds Formal IP 7.0 A 1.1 31.9 A 2.3 24.7 A 2.1 36.4 A 2.2 18.8 A 3.6 8.5 A 1.2 32.3 A 2.3 23.5 A 2.1 35.7 A 2.2 18.5 A 3.7 73.5 A 2.0 21.7 A 1.8 4.8 A 0.9
No IP 9.2 A 0.5 32.0 A 1.0 26.7 A 0.9 32.2 A 0.9 17.0 A 1.5 10.1 A 0.6 31.9 A 1.0 26.9 A 0.9 31.2 A 0.9 16.7 A 1.5 75.3 A 0.8 21.1 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.3
Familiar with at least one type of IP 9.1 A 0.5 33.9 A 1.0 25.6 A 0.8 31.4 A 0.8 16.7 A 1.4 10.1 A 0.5 33.7 A 1.0 25.7 A 0.8 30.4 A 0.8 16.4 A 1.4 77.3 A 0.7 19.4 A 0.7 3.4 A 0.3
Not familiar with any type of IP 9.5 A 1.0 29.9 A 1.7 26.8 A 1.7 33.8 A 1.7 17.8 A 3.0 10.4 A 1.1 29.5 A 1.7 26.8 A 1.7 33.2 A 1.7 17.5 A 3.0 75.0 A 1.5 21.0 A 1.4 4.0 A 0.7
Procurement Did business with Federal government 0.8 A 0.4 18.9 A 2.3 24.0 A 2.4 56.3 B 2.8 25.1 A 3.8 2.3 A 0.9 19.5 A 2.3 23.2 A 2.4 55.0 B 2.8 24.6 A 3.9 64.5 B 2.7 29.8 B 2.6 5.7 A 1.5
<30 years old 35.6 C 5.1 49.1 C 6.2 8.7 B 4.4 6.6 A 2.3 6.2 C 14.6 39.9 C 5.5 45.2 C 6.3 8.3 B 4.4 6.6 A 2.3 6.0 C 14.1 70.7 C 5.5 23.1 C 5.2 6.2 B 2.7
30 to 39 years old 18.7 A 1.5 52.1 A 2.2 17.3 A 1.8 12.0 A 1.4 10.0 A 4.3 20.8 A 1.6 51.1 A 2.2 16.6 A 1.8 11.5 A 1.3 9.7 A 4.2 74.9 A 1.9 22.8 A 1.9 2.3 A 0.5
40 to 49 years old 11.5 A 1.0 42.9 A 1.7 29.9 A 1.5 15.7 A 1.1 13.0 A 2.9 13.4 A 1.1 42.2 A 1.7 29.4 A 1.5 15.1 A 1.0 12.7 A 2.9 73.6 A 1.3 22.6 A 1.3 3.7 A 0.6
50 to 64 years old 6.5 A 0.6 26.4 A 1.1 27.9 A 1.1 39.2 A 1.2 19.0 A 1.6 7.0 A 0.6 26.8 A 1.1 27.9 A 1.1 38.3 A 1.1 18.7 A 1.7 74.9 A 1.0 21.6 A 0.9 3.6 A 0.4
65+ years old 2.3 A 0.5 16.0 A 1.9 23.2 A 2.0 58.5 A 2.3 24.8 A 2.5 2.4 A 0.5 16.1 A 1.9 24.8 A 2.0 56.8 A 2.3 24.5 A 2.5 80.1 A 1.7 17.0 A 1.7 2.9 A 0.5
Less than high school 8.5 A 1.9 25.8 B 2.9 25.9 B 2.8 39.8 B 3.1 20.2 A 5.0 9.1 A 1.9 25.3 B 2.9 26.8 B 2.9 38.8 B 3.1 19.9 A 5.0 74.0 B 2.9 21.0 B 2.7 5.0 A 1.5
High school 8.4 A 0.9 28.2 A 1.6 27.5 A 1.6 35.8 A 1.6 17.9 A 2.3 9.0 A 0.9 28.3 A 1.6 27.8 A 1.6 34.9 A 1.6 17.7 A 2.3 73.5 A 1.4 22.5 A 1.4 4.1 A 0.6
College/Cegep/Trade School 8.8 A 0.8 33.5 A 1.5 26.6 A 1.3 31.1 A 1.3 16.9 A 2.3 9.9 A 0.8 33.3 A 1.5 26.7 A 1.3 30.1 A 1.3 16.7 A 2.3 75.3 A 1.1 21.0 A 1.1 3.7 A 0.5
Bachelor's degree 9.9 A 0.9 35.0 A 1.6 26.2 A 1.4 28.9 A 1.4 16.0 A 2.5 11.0 A 1.0 35.1 A 1.6 25.9 A 1.4 28.0 A 1.4 15.7 A 2.5 72.7 A 1.4 24.4 A 1.3 2.9 A 0.4
Master's degree or above 12.1 A 1.4 41.1 A 2.3 22.1 A 1.8 24.7 A 1.9 13.9 A 3.7 14.0 A 1.5 40.0 A 2.3 21.5 A 1.8 24.5 A 1.9 13.7 A 3.8 82.0 A 1.7 16.0 A 1.6 1.9 A 0.6
In Canada 8.2 A 0.5 30.8 A 0.9 26.2 A 0.8 34.8 A 0.9 17.9 A 1.4 9.1 A 0.5 30.7 A 0.9 26.3 A 0.8 33.9 A 0.9 17.6 A 1.4 74.6 A 0.7 21.6 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.3
Outside Canada 13.3 A 1.1 40.8 A 1.7 25.5 A 1.5 20.5 A 1.3 13.0 A 2.7 14.8 A 1.1 40.2 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.4 20.0 A 1.3 12.8 A 2.7 76.8 A 1.4 21.1 A 1.3 2.1 A 0.5
0% 9.4 A 0.6 32.8 A 1.1 26.2 A 1.0 31.6 A 1.0 16.6 A 1.7 10.6 A 0.7 32.5 A 1.1 26.3 A 1.0 30.6 A 1.0 16.4 A 1.7 77.7 A 0.8 18.6 A 0.8 3.6 A 0.4
1% to 49% 7.4 A 1.3 31.2 A 2.5 24.0 A 2.1 37.5 A 2.3 19.3 A 3.6 9.3 A 1.5 30.5 A 2.4 23.7 A 2.1 36.5 A 2.2 18.9 A 3.6 69.5 A 2.2 25.3 A 2.1 5.3 A 0.9
50% 9.4 A 1.0 33.1 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.4 32.4 A 1.6 17.2 A 3.0 10.0 A 1.0 33.3 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.4 31.7 A 1.6 16.9 A 3.0 74.1 A 1.4 23.8 A 1.4 2.1 A 0.4
51% to 99% 12.2 B 3.5 41.4 C 5.3 21.6 B 4.5 24.8 B 3.8 14.2 B 7.2 12.3 B 3.5 42.1 C 5.3 22.6 B 4.7 22.9 B 3.6 13.8 B 7.1 80.0 B 3.6 16.7 B 3.3 3.3 A 1.5
100% 10.8 A 1.2 35.5 A 2.4 29.0 A 2.1 24.7 A 1.9 14.5 A 3.4 11.9 A 1.3 35.1 A 2.4 28.6 A 2.1 24.4 A 1.9 14.4 A 3.5 69.6 A 2.2 27.4 A 2.1 3.0 A 0.7
Potential Borrowers12.5 B 2.5 34.7 B 3.7 26.6 B 3.2 26.3 B 3.2 15.3 B 6.0 12.9 B 2.5 35.4 B 3.7 25.6 B 3.2 26.1 B 3.2 15.0 B 6.0 79.4 B 2.9 19.7 B 2.9 1.0 A 0.4
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
15.9 B 3.0 48.1 C 5.1 18.0 B 4.1 18.1 B 3.5 11.4 B 9.3 25.5 B 4.6 39.1 B 4.9 17.8 B 4.1 17.6 B 3.5 11.0 B 9.5 80.2 B 4.1 19.4 B 4.0 0.4 A 0.3
Co-operatives Co-operatives 1.7 A 0.4 13.7 A 1.2 13.9 A 1.4 70.7 A 1.7 43.5 A 2.4 2.9 A 0.6 12.8 A 1.2 14.5 A 1.4 69.8 A 1.7 43.1 A 2.4 88.0 A 1.3 9.5 A 1.2 2.6 A 0.6
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 0.8 A 0.3 16.7 A 1.6 30.3 A 2.1 52.2 A 2.2 24.4 A 2.9 1.3 A 0.4 18.6 A 1.7 28.8 A 2.1 51.3 A 2.2 23.9 A 3.0 67.4 A 2.1 30.3 A 2.1 2.3 A 0.6
Not-for-profit 0.0 A 0.0 18.2 A 1.2 32.3 A 1.3 49.5 A 1.4 22.7 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.2 20.1 A 1.3 30.6 A 1.2 48.6 A 1.4 22.2 A 1.8 91.4 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.3 6.5 A 0.7
Charity 0.0 A 0.0 4.7 A 1.3 26.5 A 1.9 68.8 A 2.0 29.5 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 6.9 A 1.4 29.1 A 2.0 64.1 A 2.1 28.2 A 1.9 90.1 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 9.9 A 1.2
For-profit 10.3 A 2.1 33.5 B 3.6 28.8 B 3.3 27.3 B 3.1 15.6 B 5.3 10.7 A 2.1 35.3 B 3.6 27.7 B 3.3 26.4 B 3.0 15.4 B 5.4 73.5 B 3.2 24.7 B 3.1 1.8 A 0.7
9.7 A 0.5 33.8 A 0.9 25.4 A 0.8 31.1 A 0.8 16.6 A 1.3 10.9 A 0.5 33.6 A 0.9 25.3 A 0.8 30.2 A 0.8 16.4 A 1.4 74.5 A 0.7 22.0 A 0.7 3.5 A 0.3
8.1 A 1.0 29.7 A 2.1 30.1 A 2.1 32.2 A 2.1 17.1 A 3.0 8.3 A 1.0 29.7 A 2.1 30.2 A 2.1 31.8 A 2.1 16.9 A 3.0 79.5 A 1.6 18.0 A 1.5 2.4 A 0.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Social Enterprises
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Special industry
aggregations
Construction (NAICS 23)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Prior to 1997
(more than 20 years
old)
Average age2015-2017
(2 years or younger)
2007-2014
(3 to 10 years old)
1997-2006
(11 to 20 years old)
Year the business was first established Year the business started selling goods and/or services Method of possessing the business
Employment Size
Region
2015-2017
(2 years or younger)
2007-2014
(3 to 10 years old)Started from scratch Bought or acquired Inherited
1997-2006
(11 to 20 years old)
Prior to 1997
(more than 20 years
old)
Average number of
years selling
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 15: Business Age and Method of Possession of the BusinessSurvey question(s):
B.1. Did the current owners of this business…
B.2. In what year was this business first established?
B.3. In what year did the business first start selling goods and/or services?
Notes:
B.1, B.2 and B.3 are applicable to all respondents.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 37.4 A 0.9 83.9 A 0.7 16.9 A 0.7 12.0 A 0.6 16.4 A 0.7 11.1 A 0.6 4.0 A 0.3 1.9 A 0.3 2.4 A 0.3
1 to 4 employees 32.0 A 1.2 84.9 A 0.9 14.5 A 0.9 11.2 A 0.8 14.0 A 0.9 8.9 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.2 2.7 A 0.4
5 to 19 employees 43.4 A 1.7 82.7 A 1.2 19.9 A 1.3 12.6 A 1.1 19.5 A 1.3 13.7 A 1.2 4.2 A 0.6 3.3 A 0.7 1.5 A 0.3
20 to 99 employees 52.3 A 2.5 82.6 A 1.8 23.4 A 2.4 14.6 A 1.5 21.4 A 2.1 17.6 A 2.0 5.8 A 1.1 3.4 A 1.1 2.4 A 0.6
100 to 499 employees 55.4 B 4.6 77.7 B 3.1 21.8 B 3.4 16.9 B 2.8 30.3 B 4.4 17.5 B 2.9 5.1 A 1.2 10.1 B 3.6 5.9 A 1.4
Atlantic 54.2 B 2.9 82.7 A 2.0 10.4 A 1.6 10.7 A 1.8 14.8 A 1.7 6.0 A 1.1 7.2 A 1.3 0.4 A 0.2 4.7 A 1.6
Quebec 42.0 A 2.3 76.2 A 2.0 22.4 A 2.1 8.6 A 1.2 14.8 A 1.7 18.7 A 2.0 4.9 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.8 2.5 A 0.6
Ontario 33.6 A 1.4 86.2 A 1.0 18.1 A 1.1 11.7 A 0.9 16.9 A 1.0 9.5 A 0.8 3.0 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.4
Northern Ontario 42.4 B 3.7 85.1 B 2.7 19.8 B 2.9 9.2 A 1.9 18.8 B 3.1 11.2 B 2.5 10.2 A 2.4 1.0 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.6
Southern Ontario 33.2 A 1.4 86.3 A 1.0 18.0 A 1.2 11.9 A 1.0 16.8 A 1.1 9.4 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.4
Prairies 41.1 A 2.0 85.2 A 1.5 13.6 A 1.3 14.7 A 1.4 17.0 A 1.5 10.0 A 1.2 3.7 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.5 2.2 A 0.5
Manitoba 41.5 B 4.3 83.2 B 3.2 11.9 A 2.2 13.5 B 2.9 21.8 B 3.7 7.4 A 2.1 4.5 A 1.6 2.2 A 1.0 3.6 A 2.0
Saskatchewan 57.4 B 4.1 81.6 B 3.3 18.3 B 3.1 16.7 B 3.2 18.3 B 3.1 11.8 A 2.3 5.6 A 1.6 2.1 A 0.9 2.0 A 0.9
Alberta 37.3 B 2.5 86.4 A 1.9 12.9 A 1.7 14.5 A 1.7 15.7 A 2.0 10.2 A 1.6 3.1 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.7 1.9 A 0.5
British Columbia and Territories 30.0 A 2.4 87.0 A 1.7 14.1 A 1.8 13.6 A 1.8 17.3 A 2.0 8.8 A 1.3 4.1 A 1.0 3.2 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.7
St. John's 53.5 D 9.7 83.5 D 7.6 17.9 D 8.5 17.6 D 9.1 12.1 B 5.0 2.9 B 2.9 8.2 B 4.6 0.0 A 0.0 3.7 B 3.0
Halifax 53.9 D 7.6 86.3 B 4.6 10.1 B 3.5 15.5 B 4.8 17.7 B 4.5 7.9 B 3.7 2.7 B 2.6 1.1 A 1.1 2.7 B 2.6
Quebec 41.3 D 8.0 79.1 C 6.4 6.9 B 2.9 8.1 B 3.5 16.9 C 5.9 19.0 C 6.1 5.2 B 2.9 2.2 A 1.5 1.3 A 0.9
Montreal 37.3 B 3.2 81.8 B 2.6 26.0 B 3.2 8.8 A 1.8 13.7 A 2.1 17.2 A 2.4 4.6 A 1.4 0.9 A 0.5 1.8 A 1.0
Ottawa-Gatineau 27.3 B 4.0 82.6 B 4.3 17.2 B 3.4 19.1 B 4.4 19.0 B 3.8 11.6 B 3.3 7.2 B 3.9 1.8 A 1.7 3.4 A 1.4
Toronto 29.0 A 2.1 88.1 A 1.4 19.2 A 1.9 10.6 A 1.3 13.5 A 1.5 9.6 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.4 2.5 A 0.6
Kingston 39.7 C 6.2 81.4 B 4.9 19.9 C 5.3 8.4 B 2.8 25.0 C 5.4 5.3 A 1.9 4.4 A 1.9 0.0 A 0.0 3.1 A 1.6
Hamilton 32.2 C 6.5 84.6 C 5.6 20.6 C 5.5 9.3 B 3.4 16.1 B 4.4 9.7 B 4.0 4.2 B 2.8 4.1 B 3.2 5.3 B 3.4
St. Catharines-Niagara 37.4 C 7.0 80.7 C 6.0 23.1 C 5.7 12.0 B 4.7 20.5 C 5.5 14.2 C 5.7 3.8 A 2.2 2.2 A 1.6 1.1 A 0.7
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 26.8 C 5.2 86.9 B 4.6 24.9 C 6.8 10.6 B 3.2 19.6 B 4.8 9.2 B 3.4 4.9 B 3.1 6.2 B 4.5 1.0 A 1.0
London 36.6 C 6.2 84.3 B 5.0 15.9 B 4.3 13.5 B 4.6 19.0 B 4.3 4.8 A 2.3 1.8 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 3.8 A 2.1
Windsor 53.0 C 6.5 89.4 B 4.2 14.6 B 4.4 15.3 C 5.2 14.9 B 4.1 12.8 C 5.3 1.1 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 3.1 A 2.2
Thunder Bay 44.0 C 6.8 70.9 C 6.6 18.7 B 4.9 12.6 B 4.5 10.3 B 4.0 10.4 B 3.3 6.0 A 2.5 2.2 A 1.6 3.1 B 2.5
Winnipeg 34.5 C 5.4 86.3 B 3.9 10.2 A 2.4 13.2 B 3.8 17.1 B 4.3 5.7 A 2.2 2.8 A 1.3 3.2 A 1.4 3.2 A 2.2
Calgary 28.2 B 4.3 93.7 A 2.4 9.5 B 2.6 16.0 B 3.4 11.2 B 3.1 12.6 B 3.4 1.8 A 0.8 4.7 A 2.1 1.5 A 0.6
Edmonton 34.6 B 5.0 85.4 B 4.0 11.0 B 2.8 14.9 B 3.8 8.9 A 2.4 3.1 A 1.3 1.7 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.1 4.8 A 1.9
Vancouver 26.5 B 3.3 88.1 A 2.3 14.1 B 2.6 15.5 B 2.7 20.3 B 3.3 11.7 A 2.3 5.9 A 2.0 3.8 A 1.6 2.5 A 1.3
Victoria 35.0 D 9.9 85.0 C 7.3 26.2 D 9.2 9.9 B 4.1 14.7 C 6.8 8.0 B 4.2 2.9 B 2.7 2.4 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0
61.9 B 3.3 73.9 B 3.0 17.1 A 2.3 17.4 A 2.4 18.3 A 2.5 11.8 A 2.1 12.0 A 1.8 1.1 A 0.5 4.1 A 1.2
33.3 A 2.5 82.5 A 2.0 14.1 A 1.8 11.0 A 1.6 27.9 A 2.4 12.5 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.4
44.5 B 2.7 89.0 A 1.8 23.3 B 2.5 11.5 A 1.6 24.9 A 2.5 11.4 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.4 2.2 A 0.7 3.4 A 0.9
42.0 B 2.8 83.8 A 2.0 22.4 A 2.4 14.8 A 2.1 25.5 A 2.4 13.1 A 2.1 3.5 A 1.0 3.0 A 1.2 4.2 A 1.1
40.3 B 3.1 83.5 A 2.1 18.1 A 2.2 16.0 A 2.2 23.3 A 2.5 9.5 A 2.1 4.1 A 1.0 1.3 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.0
43.4 B 2.8 81.1 A 2.2 17.0 A 2.2 9.2 A 1.5 12.3 A 1.9 25.1 B 2.6 4.5 A 1.2 2.2 A 0.8 2.2 A 1.0
24.5 A 1.8 88.2 A 1.5 12.0 A 1.7 11.1 A 1.4 3.9 A 0.8 4.7 A 0.9 3.3 A 0.9 2.1 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.7
50.5 B 3.3 83.0 A 2.5 28.5 B 2.9 14.7 A 2.3 15.7 A 2.4 17.7 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.4 1.5 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.6
39.7 B 2.7 85.7 A 1.9 20.0 A 2.4 10.3 A 1.7 23.0 A 2.5 11.9 A 1.9 2.7 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.4 3.2 A 1.0
35.9 A 2.4 83.6 A 1.8 16.4 A 1.9 10.8 A 1.4 8.6 A 1.5 9.1 A 1.5 3.8 A 1.0 2.5 A 0.8 2.3 A 0.7
Tourism 46.7 B 3.4 85.1 A 2.1 30.8 B 3.2 14.3 A 2.2 14.2 A 2.2 18.4 B 2.7 6.3 A 1.7 2.8 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.8
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
16.0 A 2.4 91.1 A 1.8 11.0 A 2.0 14.1 B 2.5 7.9 A 1.8 5.0 A 1.5 6.9 A 1.9 3.0 A 0.9 3.6 A 1.0
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 22.4 B 4.3 90.1 B 3.6 16.4 B 4.2 11.7 B 3.2 5.7 A 2.0 4.3 A 1.6 10.5 B 3.9 3.8 A 2.4 4.6 A 2.4
Rural 46.4 A 2.2 77.5 A 1.9 15.4 A 1.5 14.3 A 1.6 22.3 A 1.9 10.7 A 1.3 5.6 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.4 2.7 A 0.7
Urban 35.4 A 1.0 85.3 A 0.7 17.3 A 0.8 11.5 A 0.6 15.2 A 0.7 11.2 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.3 2.3 A 0.3
Exporter 30.4 A 2.3 88.3 A 1.4 19.0 A 2.1 12.9 A 1.7 15.4 A 1.8 9.7 A 1.4 7.6 A 1.4 4.5 A 1.2 3.6 A 0.9
Non-exporter 38.3 A 1.0 83.3 A 0.8 16.6 A 0.8 11.8 A 0.6 16.6 A 0.7 11.3 A 0.7 3.5 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.3
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 36.0 B 3.3 82.6 B 2.8 18.9 B 2.9 13.2 A 2.3 12.4 A 2.0 11.8 A 2.3 3.3 A 0.8 4.7 A 1.6 2.7 A 1.0
41.3 B 3.0 84.7 A 2.3 15.7 A 2.3 9.9 A 1.6 22.5 B 2.7 11.8 A 1.8 5.3 A 1.5 2.9 A 1.5 2.3 A 1.0
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 39.3 A 1.4 83.8 A 1.0 17.7 A 1.2 11.9 A 0.9 16.7 A 1.0 11.3 A 1.0 5.0 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.3 1.9 A 0.3
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 35.2 A 2.2 83.1 A 1.8 14.5 A 1.6 8.3 A 1.1 16.7 A 1.8 9.0 A 1.2 2.8 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.6 2.2 A 0.5
38.0 B 2.8 85.2 A 2.4 20.6 B 2.5 14.6 A 2.2 16.7 A 2.2 11.6 A 1.6 2.9 A 1.0 2.2 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.9
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 31.5 B 2.7 83.7 A 1.9 14.6 A 1.9 16.2 A 2.0 13.1 A 2.0 11.9 A 1.9 2.2 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.6 3.9 A 1.1
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 30.6 A 1.6 85.2 A 1.3 17.6 A 1.4 13.5 A 1.1 14.1 A 1.2 11.9 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.5 2.2 A 0.4
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 36.7 A 1.7 85.6 A 1.2 15.5 A 1.3 11.0 A 1.1 15.3 A 1.3 10.1 A 1.1 3.5 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.6
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 49.5 A 1.8 80.6 A 1.4 18.3 A 1.4 9.3 A 0.9 21.9 A 1.5 10.8 A 1.0 4.6 A 0.6 1.9 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.4
37.1 A 2.2 86.6 A 1.4 21.0 A 1.9 14.1 A 1.5 18.3 A 1.7 12.9 A 1.5 6.1 A 1.0 3.3 A 0.8 3.1 A 0.7
38.2 A 2.5 87.9 A 1.6 20.3 A 2.1 16.8 A 2.0 19.4 A 2.0 14.4 A 1.8 7.2 A 1.4 3.1 A 0.9 2.3 A 0.7
37.3 B 2.6 89.6 A 1.4 20.1 A 2.1 16.0 A 2.0 20.8 A 2.3 14.5 A 1.9 7.7 A 1.6 4.1 A 1.1 2.8 A 1.0
33.0 A 2.4 88.3 A 1.6 19.3 A 2.0 15.2 A 1.8 20.0 A 2.0 12.4 A 1.6 5.2 A 1.0 3.0 A 0.8 2.3 A 0.7
36.9 A 1.7 87.1 A 1.1 21.3 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.1 19.0 A 1.4 11.8 A 1.1 5.9 A 0.8 3.4 A 0.6 2.6 A 0.5
36.3 A 1.1 83.0 A 0.9 14.9 A 0.9 11.0 A 0.7 15.4 A 0.8 10.8 A 0.7 3.1 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.3 2.3 A 0.3
Holds IP 32.9 A 1.7 87.9 A 1.2 18.8 A 1.5 14.9 A 1.3 14.5 A 1.2 10.9 A 1.1 5.2 A 0.9 3.8 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.6
Holds Formal IP 36.6 B 2.6 87.1 A 1.8 22.2 A 2.4 15.6 A 2.1 18.4 A 2.1 10.9 A 1.8 4.9 A 1.3 4.5 A 1.1 2.9 A 0.9
No IP 37.9 A 1.1 82.8 A 0.9 16.0 A 0.9 10.7 A 0.7 17.2 A 0.9 11.2 A 0.7 3.5 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.3
Familiar with at least one type of IP 36.8 A 1.1 84.3 A 0.8 16.9 A 0.8 12.6 A 0.7 17.2 A 0.8 11.2 A 0.7 4.2 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.4 2.5 A 0.3
Not familiar with any type of IP 35.4 A 2.0 83.9 A 1.5 16.5 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.1 13.6 A 1.5 10.7 A 1.4 2.9 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.3 2.0 A 0.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 48.8 B 3.4 87.5 A 2.2 19.3 B 2.7 10.3 A 1.9 22.5 B 3.0 13.5 A 2.5 6.8 A 2.0 2.0 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.2
<30 years old 23.8 D 7.6 83.9 B 5.0 33.2 D 8.4 9.3 B 3.3 5.9 A 2.5 16.2 C 6.3 6.0 A 2.2 1.0 A 0.6 1.4 A 1.0
30 to 39 years old 30.7 A 2.2 86.4 A 1.8 25.2 A 2.2 11.8 A 1.5 15.4 A 2.0 11.7 A 1.6 4.9 A 1.0 1.1 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.6
40 to 49 years old 37.3 A 1.9 83.3 A 1.5 17.5 A 1.6 11.2 A 1.3 15.6 A 1.4 12.2 A 1.3 3.6 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.5 2.8 A 0.7
50 to 64 years old 38.8 A 1.3 84.1 A 1.0 14.1 A 1.0 12.2 A 0.9 17.5 A 1.0 10.1 A 0.8 3.6 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.5 2.0 A 0.3
65+ years old 41.5 B 2.6 82.0 A 2.0 15.3 A 2.0 13.4 A 1.7 16.6 A 1.9 11.4 A 1.8 4.7 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.6 3.2 A 0.8
Less than high school 44.4 B 3.6 77.4 B 2.9 14.6 A 2.1 12.0 A 2.4 21.1 B 3.0 15.2 B 2.7 3.0 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.7 2.4 A 0.8
High school 40.1 A 2.0 82.8 A 1.5 18.1 A 1.6 8.8 A 1.1 19.8 A 1.6 13.1 A 1.4 3.7 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.4
College/Cegep/Trade School 37.9 A 1.7 84.8 A 1.3 17.4 A 1.4 11.9 A 1.1 18.8 A 1.4 11.8 A 1.1 3.7 A 0.6 1.1 A 0.4 1.8 A 0.3
Bachelor's degree 32.4 A 1.8 87.2 A 1.3 17.4 A 1.5 12.7 A 1.2 15.5 A 1.3 8.4 A 0.9 5.6 A 1.0 2.9 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.6
Master's degree or above 37.4 A 2.3 81.6 A 1.9 14.8 A 1.7 15.4 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.1 9.8 A 1.6 2.7 A 0.6 1.9 A 0.5 3.8 A 0.9
In Canada 39.8 A 1.1 82.3 A 0.8 16.5 A 0.8 11.5 A 0.7 17.1 A 0.8 11.0 A 0.7 4.3 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.3
Outside Canada 30.3 A 1.7 88.8 A 1.2 18.2 A 1.4 13.4 A 1.3 14.4 A 1.2 11.5 A 1.2 2.9 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.6
0% 38.0 A 1.3 83.0 A 1.0 16.8 A 1.0 11.6 A 0.8 17.9 A 1.0 12.9 A 0.9 3.8 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.3
1% to 49% 36.5 B 2.7 83.7 A 2.0 18.2 A 2.2 11.6 A 1.6 14.2 A 1.7 11.0 A 1.7 4.2 A 1.3 3.2 A 1.0 3.6 A 1.3
50% 39.4 A 2.0 86.5 A 1.3 17.3 A 1.6 12.8 A 1.3 17.9 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.1 3.6 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.4
51% to 99% 36.8 C 6.2 83.4 B 4.5 18.8 B 4.7 18.0 B 4.7 14.5 B 4.4 5.0 A 1.8 6.2 B 2.6 0.9 A 0.5 5.6 B 3.4
100% 31.8 A 2.4 84.1 A 2.0 15.7 A 1.9 11.1 A 1.7 9.3 A 1.4 7.8 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.3 0.6 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.8
Potential Borrowers33.0 B 3.8 86.8 B 3.0 18.6 B 2.9 9.1 A 2.5 11.5 B 2.6 12.5 B 2.8 5.1 A 1.6 0.5 A 0.3 2.9 A 1.5
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
32.3 C 5.2 85.0 B 4.3 23.1 B 4.1 10.0 B 2.9 19.9 B 3.7 20.6 B 4.5 4.4 A 1.7 1.8 A 0.8 4.6 B 3.0
Co-operatives Co-operatives 50.5 A 1.9 56.4 A 1.9 16.6 A 1.4 6.5 A 1.0 23.7 A 1.7 7.5 A 0.9 25.6 A 1.7 5.4 A 0.8 22.9 A 1.7
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 44.8 B 2.7 72.0 A 2.5 16.2 A 1.9 18.3 A 2.1 26.2 A 2.4 9.0 A 1.5 10.3 A 1.6 4.7 A 1.3 5.3 A 1.5
Not-for-profit 38.3 A 1.5 16.0 A 1.2 7.1 A 0.9 2.3 A 0.3 6.8 A 0.7 6.1 A 0.8 65.9 A 1.4 8.0 A 0.9 27.3 A 1.3
Charity 13.9 A 1.7 12.4 A 1.2 11.3 A 1.5 4.3 A 0.6 7.6 A 0.8 6.9 A 0.9 59.9 A 2.0 6.5 A 1.3 41.4 A 2.0
For-profit 31.5 B 3.7 88.1 B 2.9 22.8 B 3.6 17.2 B 3.3 17.6 B 3.1 11.4 A 2.4 7.4 A 2.3 6.8 A 2.5 3.7 A 1.4
37.4 A 1.0 83.9 A 0.8 17.0 A 0.8 12.9 A 0.7 16.2 A 0.7 11.7 A 0.7 4.0 A 0.4 2.1 A 0.3 2.3 A 0.3
37.1 A 2.5 84.3 A 1.7 16.4 A 2.0 6.1 A 1.0 17.9 A 2.1 7.9 A 1.3 4.0 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 2.9 A 0.7
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Social Enterprises
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Location
Export Status
Table 16: Sources of Financing Used to Start Up BusinessSurvey question(s):
B.4. Which of the following sources of finance did you use to start of your business? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Financing from angel
investors and
venture capital
providers
Credit from financial
institutions
Personal financing
used towards your
business
Sources used to start up business
Other
Retained earnings
(from previous or
other business)
Trade credit from
suppliersCapital leasing
Government loans,
grants, subsidies and
non-repayable
contributions
Financing from
friends or relatives
of business owner(s)
Employment Size
Region
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Construction (NAICS 23)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Special industry
aggregations
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
%
Qu
ality
SE %
Qu
ality
SE %
Qu
ality
SE %
Qu
ality
SE %
Qu
ality
SE %
Qu
ality
SE %
Qu
ality
SE %
Qu
ality
SE %
Qu
ality
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 58.2 A 1.6 70.9 A 1.5 26.0 A 1.5 12.5 A 1.0 10.6 A 0.9 10.7 A 1.0 4.0 A 0.6 2.8 A 0.5 6.1 A 0.8
1 to 4 employees 55.8 B 2.8 74.7 A 2.3 29.1 B 2.5 12.1 A 1.9 8.9 A 1.3 8.9 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.5 6.3 A 1.4
5 to 19 employees 58.0 B 2.6 70.1 A 2.5 28.4 A 2.4 10.1 A 1.3 11.4 A 1.5 10.5 A 1.5 4.8 A 1.1 2.1 A 0.6 5.5 A 1.1
20 to 99 employees 61.0 B 3.5 67.9 B 3.1 17.1 A 2.5 15.5 A 2.1 11.5 A 2.5 15.4 A 2.4 3.6 A 1.2 6.6 A 2.1 7.7 A 1.7
100 to 499 employees 71.0 B 3.9 56.1 C 5.8 10.3 A 2.2 32.4 C 5.7 13.2 B 3.4 7.1 A 1.6 3.9 A 1.9 7.7 A 1.6 5.7 A 1.4
Atlantic 68.2 B 4.0 69.2 B 4.1 14.4 B 3.3 8.3 A 2.4 14.6 B 3.5 15.3 B 3.7 4.0 A 1.4 2.0 A 0.9 6.3 A 2.1
Quebec 59.1 B 3.3 63.2 B 3.1 31.3 B 3.2 7.9 A 1.6 8.1 A 1.8 11.8 A 2.1 7.1 A 1.6 4.3 A 1.4 7.0 A 1.6
Ontario 52.3 B 2.7 71.6 A 2.5 29.5 B 2.5 15.8 A 1.8 10.0 A 1.4 7.6 A 1.3 3.6 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.5 6.1 A 1.3
Northern Ontario 56.6 C 5.2 76.8 B 4.2 16.9 B 3.3 13.0 B 2.9 5.0 A 1.9 4.8 A 1.7 4.0 A 1.8 5.1 A 2.5 6.7 B 2.8
Southern Ontario 51.9 B 3.0 71.1 B 2.7 30.8 B 2.8 16.1 A 2.0 10.5 A 1.5 7.9 A 1.5 3.6 A 1.0 1.5 A 0.5 6.1 A 1.3
Prairies 64.8 B 3.4 78.3 B 3.3 18.1 B 2.5 16.0 B 2.6 12.2 A 2.1 13.5 A 2.4 1.6 A 0.5 3.0 A 1.1 5.1 A 1.5
Manitoba 68.7 C 6.1 75.6 C 5.8 23.1 C 5.7 13.5 B 4.8 15.8 C 5.3 6.6 B 2.6 2.3 A 1.5 4.6 B 3.9 2.9 A 2.1
Saskatchewan 68.9 C 6.0 81.5 C 5.5 19.8 B 4.7 19.8 C 5.2 15.8 B 4.1 17.9 C 5.2 2.2 A 1.5 3.0 A 1.7 6.9 B 4.5
Alberta 62.7 B 4.7 78.1 B 4.5 16.4 B 3.3 15.7 B 3.5 10.4 B 2.7 14.2 B 3.3 1.2 A 0.6 2.6 A 1.1 5.2 A 1.9
British Columbia and Territories 55.3 B 4.9 76.4 B 4.3 24.1 B 4.3 12.4 B 2.8 13.2 B 3.0 9.0 B 2.6 1.5 A 1.2 1.9 A 1.2 5.7 A 2.2
St. John's 57.7 F 22.6 100.0 A 0.0 8.2 D 8.1 20.0 F 18.6 44.3 F 24.4 20.0 F 18.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Halifax 58.2 E 12.3 92.5 C 5.8 37.3 E 13.0 20.6 E 10.9 29.9 E 13.9 9.2 C 7.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.6 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0
Quebec 54.1 D 9.8 60.3 D 9.6 25.7 D 8.1 8.4 B 4.0 4.6 B 4.5 8.5 B 4.9 1.5 A 1.4 1.7 A 1.1 4.0 A 2.3
Montreal 40.9 C 5.1 63.9 C 5.0 29.7 C 5.1 12.5 B 3.4 9.6 B 3.2 13.8 B 3.4 5.6 A 2.4 2.2 A 1.2 6.0 A 2.3
Ottawa-Gatineau 39.4 E 10.9 69.1 E 11.3 32.8 D 9.8 24.1 E 10.9 7.2 B 3.9 22.5 E 11.0 8.6 B 3.9 0.8 A 0.4 3.5 A 1.9
Toronto 49.8 C 5.3 75.6 B 4.6 28.7 C 5.0 16.9 B 3.5 10.3 A 2.4 7.2 A 2.0 3.0 A 1.5 1.4 A 0.5 5.3 A 1.6
Kingston 67.9 D 8.9 69.2 D 8.6 38.1 D 9.4 13.3 C 6.3 12.4 C 7.1 15.4 D 8.3 3.9 B 3.2 0.0 A 0.0 10.5 C 5.5
Hamilton 53.8 E 12.4 63.9 E 10.8 30.1 E 10.7 25.1 D 9.2 10.5 C 6.3 12.3 D 7.6 1.1 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.6 1.2 A 1.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 45.4 E 12.8 71.9 E 13.8 15.1 D 8.4 9.4 C 5.2 20.5 E 11.2 10.8 D 9.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.4
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 48.6 D 8.0 87.2 B 4.5 23.8 C 6.7 10.1 B 4.2 12.1 B 4.6 0.9 A 0.9 9.3 B 4.1 0.0 A 0.0 3.9 B 3.1
London 24.6 D 8.2 72.6 E 13.8 41.2 E 14.0 15.0 D 7.6 12.6 D 7.6 7.9 B 4.9 0.0 A 0.0 5.0 B 4.9 19.8 E 14.0
Windsor 57.7 E 12.6 62.0 E 13.4 44.4 E 13.7 16.4 D 7.7 7.5 B 4.8 6.2 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.7 B 3.7
Thunder Bay 62.9 D 9.5 75.0 D 7.9 24.8 C 7.5 14.9 C 5.8 11.8 D 7.8 11.3 D 7.8 3.0 B 2.9 0.0 A 0.0 6.9 B 4.8
Winnipeg 69.1 D 7.7 76.4 C 7.4 20.7 C 5.9 14.9 C 6.2 19.9 C 7.3 5.9 B 2.9 0.2 A 0.2 0.2 A 0.2 4.2 B 3.0
Calgary 48.5 D 9.6 70.6 E 10.3 12.8 C 5.1 13.6 B 4.0 20.2 C 7.4 25.3 D 8.0 1.4 A 1.1 9.5 B 4.3 6.2 B 3.3
Edmonton 60.5 D 8.6 83.1 C 5.8 17.2 C 6.3 14.1 C 5.5 10.5 B 4.5 3.5 B 2.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.2 A 0.1 4.9 B 3.2
Vancouver 50.1 D 7.9 86.8 B 3.8 21.4 C 7.1 9.5 B 3.6 10.9 B 4.0 10.9 B 4.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.2 A 2.2 8.6 B 4.3
Victoria 78.4 E 13.0 32.6 E 12.1 0.0 A 0.0 12.4 E 11.4 42.6 F 15.5 12.7 E 11.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 13.8 E 12.6
81.5 B 3.3 56.8 B 4.6 33.8 B 4.4 6.8 A 2.1 8.8 A 2.1 10.9 B 2.9 12.5 B 2.8 3.2 A 1.4 4.8 A 1.6
39.4 D 7.5 63.4 C 7.0 30.5 D 7.7 14.0 B 4.9 16.5 B 4.5 11.5 B 4.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.3 A 0.3 5.8 B 2.7
63.5 B 3.9 70.7 B 3.5 23.7 B 3.4 16.5 B 2.6 14.0 B 2.6 16.4 B 3.5 12.0 B 3.3 5.1 A 1.3 6.2 A 2.0
57.7 B 4.2 64.9 B 4.1 27.0 B 4.0 24.9 B 3.6 22.3 B 3.7 13.1 B 3.1 3.3 A 1.7 2.0 A 1.1 8.0 A 2.5
60.6 B 3.7 73.9 B 3.3 30.3 B 3.7 12.4 A 2.3 12.1 B 2.6 8.9 A 2.2 4.3 A 1.9 3.4 A 1.7 9.0 A 2.3
64.5 C 6.3 50.6 C 7.0 21.5 C 5.2 14.5 B 3.8 9.2 B 4.3 12.9 B 4.3 1.4 A 1.0 2.1 A 1.2 10.1 B 4.6
57.6 C 6.6 77.7 C 5.6 19.7 C 6.2 20.3 C 5.5 8.0 B 3.6 9.0 B 3.6 2.3 A 1.4 6.5 B 3.2 6.0 B 3.6
48.7 B 3.6 82.2 B 2.5 23.5 B 3.2 9.8 A 1.9 11.5 A 2.3 11.6 A 2.4 3.0 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.9 4.4 A 1.5
46.7 B 4.7 74.9 B 3.9 32.5 B 4.4 7.8 A 2.2 8.5 B 2.9 9.2 B 3.0 2.5 A 1.1 3.6 A 1.5 4.7 A 1.8
65.8 C 5.4 67.0 C 5.2 17.0 B 3.3 11.1 B 2.9 2.0 A 0.8 9.1 B 2.7 1.1 A 0.5 2.3 A 1.2 4.5 A 1.7
Tourism 48.9 B 3.4 81.5 B 2.6 25.8 B 3.1 9.6 A 1.8 10.7 A 2.2 10.7 A 2.1 2.6 A 1.1 1.5 A 0.8 5.2 A 1.6
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
34.4 E 11.3 67.8 E 11.2 27.2 E 14.9 24.7 E 10.2 22.3 E 10.4 4.1 B 4.1 4.7 B 4.7 4.0 B 3.0 9.8 C 6.0
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 56.8 E 13.7 56.0 E 14.5 20.5 E 12.5 41.8 E 14.7 6.1 B 4.2 0.7 A 0.7 3.2 B 3.1 3.2 A 2.0 1.7 A 1.3
Rural 70.5 B 3.1 69.4 B 3.1 30.3 B 3.3 9.5 A 1.7 12.6 A 2.2 10.5 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.4 3.8 A 1.6 5.7 A 1.5
Urban 54.5 A 1.9 71.3 A 1.7 24.7 A 1.6 13.5 A 1.2 10.0 A 1.0 10.7 A 1.1 3.1 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.5 6.3 A 0.9
Exporter 53.6 B 4.7 71.2 B 3.9 28.2 B 4.9 19.5 B 3.1 10.3 A 2.0 10.5 A 2.5 6.3 A 2.4 5.1 A 1.3 7.5 A 2.3
Non-exporter 58.7 A 1.7 70.8 A 1.6 25.8 A 1.5 11.8 A 1.0 10.6 A 1.0 10.7 A 1.0 3.8 A 0.6 2.6 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.8
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 45.9 C 6.5 78.9 C 5.1 41.5 C 6.8 13.6 B 3.7 9.0 B 2.5 11.5 B 3.7 4.5 A 1.9 2.1 A 1.1 4.8 B 2.7
67.5 B 4.9 63.1 C 5.5 23.9 B 4.8 7.9 A 1.9 6.7 A 1.7 9.7 A 2.4 5.6 A 2.2 2.8 A 1.5 7.8 B 2.7
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 61.0 A 2.4 71.0 A 2.1 27.1 A 2.2 11.4 A 1.3 11.5 A 1.5 10.7 A 1.4 4.1 A 1.0 3.8 A 1.0 5.5 A 1.1
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 55.5 B 4.1 68.9 B 4.0 23.0 B 3.2 16.3 B 3.2 9.9 A 2.2 13.7 B 3.1 3.4 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.4 6.7 A 1.7
50.6 B 4.8 71.6 B 4.0 23.2 B 3.8 14.0 B 3.5 13.2 B 3.0 9.2 B 2.7 4.6 A 1.6 3.6 A 1.2 5.5 A 2.1
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 55.7 B 4.9 76.2 B 4.2 21.3 B 3.8 15.8 B 3.1 10.4 A 2.3 8.5 A 2.1 1.2 A 0.7 0.7 A 0.3 8.5 B 2.7
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 54.6 B 3.5 68.5 B 3.3 26.4 B 3.1 13.3 A 2.3 9.0 A 1.9 12.8 A 2.1 5.1 A 1.6 4.5 A 1.5 5.2 A 1.6
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 61.7 B 3.4 69.5 B 3.0 24.6 B 3.0 11.9 A 2.0 9.2 A 1.8 13.3 A 2.1 3.5 A 0.9 2.1 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.9
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 58.8 A 2.5 72.2 A 2.1 27.6 A 2.2 11.8 A 1.4 12.6 A 1.5 8.0 A 1.4 4.2 A 0.8 2.6 A 0.6 8.5 A 1.3
52.9 B 4.2 74.1 B 3.7 28.1 B 4.1 13.6 A 2.5 8.8 A 1.6 10.5 A 2.5 4.1 A 1.3 3.9 A 1.2 5.3 A 1.5
49.8 C 5.0 76.9 B 4.2 35.0 B 5.0 16.6 B 3.8 7.4 A 1.7 10.0 A 2.4 3.9 A 1.2 4.5 A 1.2 5.8 A 1.8
60.1 B 4.9 70.6 B 4.5 26.1 B 4.1 14.7 B 3.4 8.7 A 2.0 8.8 A 2.3 4.3 A 1.5 3.8 A 1.3 4.2 A 1.3
54.1 B 4.8 73.1 B 4.5 27.3 B 4.0 11.7 B 2.5 12.2 A 2.5 12.2 B 2.6 5.1 A 1.6 2.2 A 1.0 7.2 A 2.1
58.1 B 3.0 72.7 B 2.7 27.5 B 2.8 14.1 A 1.9 11.2 A 1.5 12.8 A 1.9 4.2 A 1.0 3.4 A 0.8 6.0 A 1.2
57.8 A 2.2 68.4 A 2.0 26.3 A 1.9 11.7 A 1.3 10.4 A 1.3 9.8 A 1.3 4.0 A 0.8 2.2 A 0.5 6.8 A 1.2
Holds IP 60.1 B 3.2 69.5 B 3.1 22.0 B 2.7 18.9 B 2.5 10.2 A 1.7 9.0 A 1.9 5.2 A 1.4 6.6 A 1.4 8.7 A 1.9
Holds Formal IP 59.9 B 4.6 71.0 B 4.0 22.8 B 3.7 21.4 B 4.2 10.0 A 2.2 8.0 A 2.1 5.4 A 2.1 5.9 A 1.7 6.6 A 2.2
No IP 57.3 A 2.0 70.0 A 1.9 28.1 A 1.9 10.8 A 1.2 10.8 A 1.2 11.4 A 1.3 3.8 A 0.7 1.5 A 0.4 5.9 A 1.0
Familiar with at least one type of IP 58.5 A 2.0 70.0 A 1.8 27.3 A 1.8 13.6 A 1.3 10.8 A 1.1 12.2 A 1.3 4.9 A 0.8 3.1 A 0.5 6.3 A 1.0
Not familiar with any type of IP 55.8 B 3.9 69.8 B 3.4 24.8 B 3.4 9.3 A 1.9 10.3 A 2.1 6.5 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.6 7.4 A 1.7
Procurement Did business with Federal government 68.3 B 4.4 66.0 B 4.9 16.7 B 3.6 25.5 B 4.5 11.2 B 2.7 13.7 B 3.3 3.6 A 2.2 10.7 B 3.5 5.7 A 1.9
<30 years old 57.4 E 11.7 85.0 C 7.3 40.2 E 11.9 5.1 B 3.1 2.6 A 1.5 6.3 B 3.6 8.7 C 6.6 1.0 A 0.9 15.0 C 6.6
30 to 39 years old 48.0 B 4.7 65.8 B 4.5 31.5 B 4.2 10.3 B 2.7 7.9 B 2.5 9.7 A 2.2 7.3 B 2.6 5.3 A 2.4 10.8 B 3.2
40 to 49 years old 62.4 B 3.0 66.9 B 3.0 30.0 B 2.9 13.9 A 2.0 10.8 A 1.7 12.5 A 1.9 3.0 A 0.9 1.7 A 0.6 3.0 A 0.9
50 to 64 years old 59.4 A 2.3 72.0 A 2.1 24.9 A 2.1 13.3 A 1.5 12.1 A 1.4 10.6 A 1.5 3.5 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.6 6.9 A 1.0
65+ years old 56.9 C 5.6 81.3 B 3.5 9.4 A 2.3 10.0 A 2.2 8.4 B 2.5 8.3 B 2.6 3.1 A 1.3 2.6 A 1.2 2.4 A 1.0
Less than high school 51.9 C 7.4 76.6 C 5.4 29.8 C 7.5 8.3 B 3.1 13.4 B 4.4 19.9 C 6.2 1.0 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.8 11.1 B 4.2
High school 55.9 B 3.4 71.5 B 2.9 27.2 B 3.0 11.5 A 2.1 11.2 A 1.8 8.8 A 1.6 2.2 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.6 6.0 A 1.5
College/Cegep/Trade School 58.8 B 2.7 69.5 B 2.6 29.0 B 2.6 9.0 A 1.4 11.2 A 1.9 13.3 A 2.0 7.9 A 1.5 1.9 A 0.6 4.4 A 1.0
Bachelor's degree 57.9 B 3.1 72.6 B 2.8 26.1 B 2.8 16.0 A 2.0 11.2 A 1.7 8.8 A 1.6 3.5 A 1.3 2.9 A 1.2 7.3 A 1.6
Master's degree or above 65.9 C 5.3 65.4 C 5.4 13.4 B 2.9 17.1 B 3.7 4.8 A 1.3 7.9 A 2.3 1.2 A 0.5 9.4 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.9
In Canada 59.9 A 1.9 69.1 A 1.7 27.2 A 1.7 11.3 A 1.0 10.7 A 1.1 10.7 A 1.1 4.8 A 0.7 3.1 A 0.6 7.0 A 0.9
Outside Canada 53.0 B 3.5 76.2 B 3.1 22.5 B 2.8 16.4 A 2.4 10.5 A 1.8 10.7 A 2.1 1.7 A 0.8 2.0 A 0.7 3.4 A 1.1
0% 59.5 A 2.3 69.3 A 2.1 24.0 A 2.1 12.9 A 1.4 10.7 A 1.3 11.4 A 1.5 4.2 A 0.9 2.7 A 0.6 7.2 A 1.1
1% to 49% 60.8 B 5.0 64.4 B 4.8 22.2 B 3.5 12.9 B 2.6 12.8 B 2.7 12.6 B 2.6 9.7 B 3.2 3.4 A 1.3 6.1 B 2.7
50% 60.2 B 3.3 75.8 B 2.7 31.6 B 3.0 14.9 A 2.3 11.0 A 2.0 12.7 A 2.3 2.4 A 0.6 3.1 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.9
51% to 99% 39.4 D 9.8 76.9 D 9.1 30.3 D 10.0 19.6 D 9.6 4.5 B 2.5 0.1 A 0.1 8.3 B 4.7 4.9 B 2.8 11.1 C 5.0
100% 52.3 B 4.6 72.4 B 4.1 26.0 B 4.0 7.2 A 2.1 8.8 A 2.5 5.7 A 1.9 1.1 A 0.5 2.0 A 1.9 1.8 A 0.9
Potential Borrowers 57.3 D 7.7 66.7 D 8.4 30.6 D 7.9 12.1 C 5.3 2.7 A 2.2 2.6 A 2.2 3.7 B 2.9 1.4 A 0.9 2.6 A 1.3
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
53.2 E 11.7 94.9 A 2.5 31.9 D 9.4 16.5 C 6.8 15.5 C 7.4 9.9 B 4.2 7.1 B 3.3 3.3 B 2.6 2.8 A 2.0
Co-operatives Co-operatives 72.5 C 5.8 40.3 C 6.4 12.5 B 3.7 3.1 A 2.2 9.7 B 4.7 7.9 B 3.1 26.2 C 5.2 5.8 B 2.9 21.3 C 5.3
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 44.1 B 3.9 64.4 B 4.0 20.4 B 3.2 28.6 B 3.9 9.1 B 2.6 5.1 A 1.7 5.4 A 2.0 5.9 A 2.2 9.2 A 2.4
Not-for-profit 21.8 C 6.6 35.8 C 5.9 8.9 A 1.8 34.6 D 8.0 8.9 A 1.8 12.8 C 6.6 51.4 D 8.0 8.9 A 1.8 8.9 A 1.8
Charity .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
For-profit 58.6 C 6.8 59.8 C 7.3 29.3 C 6.8 16.4 C 5.1 10.9 B 3.2 9.3 B 3.8 4.4 B 2.5 2.2 A 1.3 1.5 A 1.3
58.7 A 1.7 70.8 A 1.6 25.9 A 1.6 13.3 A 1.1 10.9 A 1.0 10.3 A 1.0 3.9 A 0.6 3.0 A 0.6 5.9 A 0.8
54.7 B 4.7 71.3 B 4.1 26.9 B 4.0 6.6 A 2.0 8.4 A 2.2 13.7 B 3.1 5.0 A 2.0 1.5 A 0.7 7.9 B 2.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social
Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Region
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Personal Financing
used towards your
business
Sources used to buy/acquire business
Other
Retained earnings
(from previous or
other business)
Trade credit from
suppliersCapital leasing
Social Enterprises
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
Employment Size
Financing from angel
investors and
venture capital
providers
Government loans,
grants, subsidies and
non-repayable
contributions
Table 17: Sources of Financing to Buy/Acquire Business
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Notes:
B.5 is applicable only to those that bought/acquired their business.
Financing from
friends or relatives of
business owner(s)
Credit from financial
institutions
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 13.2 A 0.6 20.4 A 0.7 46.3 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.6 8.0 A 0.5 6.2 A 0.4 19.1 A 0.7 54.4 A 0.9 13.5 A 0.6 6.9 A 0.4
1 to 4 employees 16.1 A 0.9 25.7 A 1.1 40.3 A 1.2 10.4 A 0.8 7.5 A 0.7 7.7 A 0.6 25.7 A 1.1 48.1 A 1.3 11.7 A 0.8 6.7 A 0.6
5 to 19 employees 9.7 A 0.9 14.4 A 1.0 52.6 A 1.5 14.7 A 1.1 8.5 A 0.8 4.4 A 0.6 11.9 A 1.0 60.4 A 1.5 15.7 A 1.1 7.5 A 0.7
20 to 99 employees 10.8 A 1.2 12.9 A 1.4 54.7 A 2.0 13.1 A 1.3 8.6 A 1.0 4.6 A 0.8 9.1 A 1.0 64.9 A 1.8 15.5 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.0
100 to 499 employees 9.1 A 1.7 14.7 B 3.5 56.3 B 3.6 9.2 A 1.8 10.7 A 2.1 1.0 A 0.3 10.6 B 3.1 68.7 B 3.4 11.7 A 1.7 8.1 A 1.9
Atlantic 10.6 A 1.7 16.9 A 1.9 49.3 A 2.3 15.6 A 1.7 7.5 A 1.4 5.5 A 1.2 18.8 A 2.0 55.5 B 2.5 15.1 A 2.0 5.1 A 1.2
Quebec 12.4 A 1.3 21.2 A 1.8 47.5 A 2.1 11.5 A 1.4 7.5 A 1.0 4.8 A 0.7 22.9 A 1.8 53.4 A 2.0 12.2 A 1.3 6.7 A 0.9
Ontario 11.3 A 1.0 18.1 A 1.1 50.8 A 1.4 12.5 A 1.0 7.2 A 0.7 6.2 A 0.7 14.9 A 0.9 58.1 A 1.3 13.7 A 1.0 7.1 A 0.7
Northern Ontario 11.1 A 1.8 17.3 A 2.4 55.9 B 3.1 9.1 A 1.7 6.5 A 1.6 5.8 A 1.4 18.7 A 2.4 62.4 B 2.9 9.9 A 1.7 3.2 A 0.9
Southern Ontario 11.4 A 1.0 18.1 A 1.1 50.5 A 1.4 12.8 A 1.0 7.3 A 0.7 6.2 A 0.7 14.7 A 1.0 57.8 A 1.4 14.0 A 1.0 7.3 A 0.8
Prairies 22.8 A 1.6 24.7 A 1.7 35.9 A 1.7 9.8 A 1.1 6.8 A 0.9 7.9 A 0.9 21.8 A 1.6 50.7 A 1.8 12.9 A 1.3 6.7 A 0.9
Manitoba 13.5 B 2.7 25.6 B 3.6 43.2 B 3.6 9.8 A 2.1 7.9 A 2.2 5.3 A 1.6 16.2 B 2.9 61.7 B 3.7 12.6 B 2.6 4.2 A 1.7
Saskatchewan 13.6 B 2.6 19.5 B 2.8 43.8 B 3.6 13.0 B 2.9 10.2 A 2.1 6.0 A 1.4 17.6 B 2.9 53.8 B 3.7 16.1 B 3.0 6.6 A 2.0
Alberta 26.9 A 2.2 25.7 A 2.2 32.5 A 2.3 9.0 A 1.4 5.8 A 1.0 8.9 A 1.2 24.1 A 2.1 47.5 A 2.4 12.2 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.1
British Columbia and Territories 7.7 A 1.2 20.1 A 2.0 46.6 A 2.3 13.6 A 1.7 12.1 A 1.7 6.3 A 1.1 19.5 A 2.0 51.8 A 2.4 14.7 A 1.6 7.8 A 1.3
St. John's 17.5 D 8.6 16.4 D 7.7 48.1 D 9.4 14.0 C 5.9 3.9 B 3.1 4.2 B 3.0 27.2 D 8.4 51.4 D 9.2 16.5 D 8.3 0.7 A 0.7
Halifax 9.7 B 3.3 29.8 C 6.8 40.2 C 6.4 14.0 B 4.2 6.4 C 5.1 9.8 B 4.8 21.9 C 5.3 41.3 C 6.3 17.9 C 5.2 9.1 C 5.4
Quebec 14.0 B 4.7 22.1 C 6.8 48.7 C 7.3 9.3 B 3.2 5.8 B 2.5 1.6 A 1.0 18.0 C 5.1 58.5 C 6.9 15.5 B 4.8 6.3 B 3.0
Montreal 15.2 A 2.4 21.6 B 2.7 44.1 B 3.1 10.6 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.6 5.4 A 1.1 21.5 B 2.6 51.6 B 2.9 14.0 A 2.0 7.5 A 1.5
Ottawa-Gatineau 15.2 B 4.1 20.7 B 3.9 42.0 B 4.7 18.4 B 4.6 3.7 A 1.3 5.1 A 2.1 21.5 B 4.3 49.1 B 4.7 14.7 B 3.3 9.6 B 3.3
Toronto 12.9 A 1.7 16.2 A 1.7 51.1 A 2.3 12.8 A 1.6 7.0 A 1.1 6.3 A 1.2 12.4 A 1.5 59.5 A 2.2 14.9 A 1.6 6.9 A 1.1
Kingston 12.1 B 3.7 17.0 B 4.0 56.7 C 5.2 12.0 B 3.4 2.2 A 1.1 3.8 A 1.5 16.3 B 4.0 60.1 C 5.1 15.4 B 4.0 4.4 A 2.4
Hamilton 5.9 A 2.3 21.4 C 5.7 51.9 C 6.2 8.9 B 3.7 11.8 B 4.7 5.4 B 2.8 13.9 B 4.7 56.3 C 6.5 13.1 B 4.0 11.3 C 5.1
St. Catharines-Niagara 5.6 A 2.1 25.7 C 6.3 50.3 C 6.4 11.7 B 3.7 6.7 A 2.1 10.7 B 4.0 27.3 C 6.4 43.5 C 5.9 12.0 B 3.7 6.5 A 2.3
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 10.5 B 4.2 18.2 B 4.3 50.6 C 5.6 15.4 B 4.5 5.3 A 2.0 8.2 B 2.6 13.4 B 3.7 55.2 C 5.9 14.4 B 3.9 8.8 B 4.2
London 9.8 B 3.7 20.5 C 5.2 55.4 C 5.9 9.8 B 3.3 4.5 A 1.7 3.1 A 1.6 22.9 C 5.3 60.0 C 6.1 11.7 B 4.2 2.3 A 1.3
Windsor 5.4 B 3.3 17.9 B 4.4 56.9 C 6.0 8.7 B 2.9 11.1 B 4.7 1.1 A 0.9 23.3 C 5.4 56.2 C 6.3 10.0 B 3.8 9.5 B 3.6
Thunder Bay 9.1 B 3.2 14.9 B 3.5 55.4 C 5.8 11.8 B 4.1 8.8 B 4.2 10.8 B 4.1 14.2 B 3.1 57.8 C 5.6 11.4 B 3.9 5.8 B 2.6
Winnipeg 12.9 B 3.2 28.4 B 4.8 39.6 B 4.4 10.7 B 2.8 8.4 B 2.8 6.1 A 2.2 18.1 B 3.9 59.6 B 4.8 11.2 B 3.1 5.1 A 2.4
Calgary 28.5 B 4.0 24.4 B 3.9 32.9 B 4.1 8.4 A 2.1 5.8 A 1.9 8.3 A 2.2 23.2 B 3.7 47.4 B 4.2 13.2 A 2.4 7.8 A 2.1
Edmonton 29.0 B 4.4 23.7 B 3.7 31.9 B 4.4 10.1 B 3.1 5.2 A 1.8 9.6 B 2.5 28.2 B 4.3 45.4 B 4.5 9.4 B 3.2 7.4 A 2.2
Vancouver 6.3 A 1.4 20.8 B 3.3 47.1 B 3.6 14.0 B 2.5 11.8 A 2.5 4.9 A 1.3 19.9 B 3.2 51.4 B 3.7 15.1 A 2.4 8.7 A 2.0
Victoria 5.9 B 3.1 11.2 C 5.9 55.6 D 9.0 17.0 C 6.8 10.3 C 6.1 3.0 A 2.3 9.9 C 5.2 53.8 D 8.5 33.1 D 8.3 0.2 A 0.2
13.8 A 2.0 21.7 A 2.1 42.7 A 2.5 12.7 A 1.8 9.0 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.6 24.5 A 2.3 47.3 B 2.7 13.3 A 2.0 5.6 A 1.1
12.5 A 1.8 23.1 A 2.3 40.4 A 2.4 14.9 A 1.9 9.1 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.1 18.3 A 2.1 54.5 B 2.6 14.0 A 1.7 7.3 A 1.4
12.2 A 1.6 17.2 A 1.7 46.9 A 2.3 14.6 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.3 6.0 A 1.2 13.7 A 1.6 54.5 A 2.4 15.6 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.4
14.2 A 1.7 16.4 A 1.8 47.7 A 2.3 12.2 A 1.4 9.4 A 1.4 7.4 A 1.3 12.9 A 1.7 56.2 A 2.4 16.0 A 1.8 7.5 A 1.3
13.4 A 1.5 20.7 A 2.2 49.9 A 2.5 10.3 A 1.6 5.6 A 1.1 7.7 A 1.4 12.4 A 1.5 59.2 B 2.5 14.7 A 2.0 6.0 A 1.2
13.0 A 1.8 24.2 B 2.5 45.8 B 2.8 11.3 A 1.7 5.7 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.3 21.6 A 2.2 55.2 B 2.7 12.3 A 1.9 6.0 A 1.4
13.6 A 1.7 16.9 A 1.8 46.5 A 2.4 11.9 A 1.5 11.2 A 1.6 5.3 A 1.1 19.8 A 1.9 48.7 A 2.3 17.1 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.4
16.8 A 2.1 14.4 A 2.0 55.9 B 2.6 9.8 A 1.5 3.1 A 0.8 6.0 A 1.1 16.8 A 1.9 64.6 A 2.4 9.5 A 1.3 3.1 A 0.9
9.1 A 1.4 18.7 A 2.0 53.9 B 2.5 11.9 A 1.6 6.5 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.0 19.2 A 2.1 56.9 B 2.6 13.0 A 1.8 6.1 A 1.3
13.6 A 1.7 23.7 A 2.0 43.5 A 2.3 11.2 A 1.6 8.1 A 1.2 5.8 A 0.9 24.8 A 2.1 51.9 A 2.3 10.5 A 1.4 7.0 A 1.1
Tourism 15.6 A 1.9 14.9 A 1.9 54.0 B 2.6 10.8 A 1.8 4.6 A 1.2 5.0 A 0.9 17.0 A 1.9 64.0 A 2.4 9.2 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.2
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
13.3 A 2.4 20.7 B 3.0 47.5 B 3.5 8.5 A 1.6 10.0 A 1.9 8.2 A 2.1 21.0 B 3.0 47.5 B 3.4 10.8 A 2.0 12.5 A 2.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 19.6 B 4.5 26.5 C 5.6 32.1 B 4.9 14.2 B 4.1 7.6 B 2.7 4.7 A 2.3 34.3 C 5.8 38.5 C 5.3 15.1 B 4.0 7.4 B 2.7
Rural 12.1 A 1.3 22.5 A 1.6 46.7 A 1.8 11.3 A 1.2 7.5 A 0.9 5.9 A 0.8 21.2 A 1.5 55.3 A 1.9 11.3 A 1.1 6.4 A 0.9
Urban 13.5 A 0.7 19.8 A 0.8 46.2 A 1.0 12.3 A 0.7 8.1 A 0.5 6.2 A 0.4 18.6 A 0.8 54.2 A 1.0 14.0 A 0.7 7.0 A 0.5
Exporter 8.9 A 1.1 16.2 A 2.0 43.7 A 2.3 15.9 A 1.9 15.2 A 1.8 5.4 A 0.9 11.8 A 1.8 49.2 A 2.3 18.6 A 1.7 15.0 A 1.7
Non-exporter 13.8 A 0.7 20.9 A 0.8 46.6 A 0.9 11.6 A 0.6 7.1 A 0.5 6.3 A 0.4 20.1 A 0.8 55.1 A 0.9 12.8 A 0.6 5.8 A 0.4
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 2.9 A 0.9 5.7 A 1.3 28.6 B 2.8 27.1 B 2.8 35.7 B 3.2
0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 3.2 A 1.1 7.9 A 1.4 38.6 B 2.6 39.1 B 2.5 11.1 A 1.7
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 3.3 A 0.4 12.2 A 0.9 73.6 A 1.2 9.0 A 0.8 1.9 A 0.3
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 9.7 A 1.2 44.8 A 2.2 39.0 A 2.1 4.2 A 0.8 2.4 A 0.6
100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 19.8 A 1.9 29.6 A 2.5 42.5 B 2.7 5.6 A 1.1 2.5 A 0.7
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.2 A 0.7 12.9 A 1.8 50.1 B 2.7 19.8 A 2.2 14.1 A 1.9
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 12.7 A 1.1 18.6 A 1.3 43.2 A 1.6 14.4 A 1.1 11.0 A 1.0 5.6 A 0.7 16.6 A 1.3 52.9 A 1.7 16.4 A 1.2 8.5 A 0.9
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 13.1 A 1.1 20.3 A 1.3 48.8 A 1.6 11.5 A 1.1 6.3 A 0.7 6.5 A 0.8 21.4 A 1.4 55.4 A 1.7 10.7 A 1.0 5.9 A 0.9
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 13.9 A 1.0 22.2 A 1.2 47.3 A 1.4 10.2 A 0.9 6.3 A 0.7 7.4 A 0.7 21.6 A 1.3 56.4 A 1.4 10.7 A 0.9 3.9 A 0.5
9.3 A 1.1 17.1 A 1.6 45.8 A 2.1 14.2 A 1.6 13.6 A 1.4 3.4 A 0.6 11.9 A 1.4 51.8 A 2.0 20.4 A 1.6 12.5 A 1.3
11.0 A 1.5 13.3 A 1.7 46.9 A 2.4 13.3 A 1.6 15.5 A 1.8 4.0 A 0.9 9.3 A 1.3 51.7 A 2.4 21.3 A 2.0 13.6 A 1.6
9.7 A 1.4 17.3 A 2.1 43.6 A 2.5 15.7 A 1.9 13.7 A 1.7 3.6 A 0.8 10.2 A 1.4 51.3 A 2.4 20.6 A 2.0 14.3 A 1.7
13.9 A 1.5 20.7 A 2.2 36.9 A 2.3 15.9 A 2.0 12.6 A 1.6 5.4 A 1.1 10.6 A 1.6 50.6 A 2.4 21.7 A 2.0 11.6 A 1.4
11.2 A 0.9 17.8 A 1.3 44.4 A 1.6 14.0 A 1.2 12.5 A 1.1 4.5 A 0.6 12.4 A 1.1 52.3 A 1.5 19.8 A 1.3 11.1 A 0.9
14.0 A 0.8 22.2 A 0.9 46.0 A 1.1 11.5 A 0.7 6.4 A 0.5 6.9 A 0.5 22.7 A 1.0 54.1 A 1.1 10.8 A 0.7 5.4 A 0.5
Holds IP 13.1 A 1.2 15.7 A 1.3 44.2 A 1.7 14.1 A 1.2 13.1 A 1.2 5.6 A 0.7 11.6 A 1.1 52.9 A 1.6 17.7 A 1.3 12.2 A 1.1
Holds Formal IP 12.7 A 1.7 15.7 A 1.9 44.6 B 2.5 14.3 A 1.8 12.6 A 1.7 4.5 A 0.9 10.2 A 1.5 54.4 A 2.5 17.9 A 2.0 13.1 A 1.8
No IP 13.1 A 0.7 22.7 A 0.9 46.0 A 1.0 11.6 A 0.7 6.5 A 0.5 6.4 A 0.5 22.4 A 0.9 53.8 A 1.1 12.1 A 0.7 5.3 A 0.5
Familiar with at least one type of IP 13.0 A 0.7 20.0 A 0.9 45.5 A 1.0 12.5 A 0.7 9.0 A 0.6 6.1 A 0.5 16.7 A 0.8 54.7 A 1.0 14.6 A 0.7 7.9 A 0.6
Not familiar with any type of IP 13.6 A 1.3 23.7 A 1.7 45.5 A 1.9 11.5 A 1.4 5.6 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.9 29.7 A 1.9 49.3 A 2.0 10.0 A 1.1 4.6 A 0.7
Procurement Did business with Federal government 12.6 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.5 54.6 B 2.8 13.4 A 2.0 10.3 A 1.8 3.5 A 1.3 8.4 A 1.5 61.8 B 2.8 16.7 A 2.2 9.6 A 1.7
<30 years old 14.7 C 7.3 13.8 B 4.9 47.5 D 9.1 7.2 B 2.6 16.8 D 7.6 3.5 A 1.8 14.2 B 4.4 52.5 C 6.3 20.1 B 4.4 9.7 B 4.7
30 to 39 years old 11.5 A 1.7 19.7 A 2.1 43.0 B 2.6 15.6 A 1.9 10.2 A 1.6 5.0 A 1.0 14.0 A 1.8 54.9 A 2.4 15.2 A 1.6 11.0 A 1.5
40 to 49 years old 13.0 A 1.3 17.8 A 1.4 46.6 A 1.8 13.2 A 1.2 9.3 A 1.0 5.5 A 0.8 16.4 A 1.4 53.7 A 1.7 15.8 A 1.3 8.6 A 0.9
50 to 64 years old 14.0 A 0.9 21.2 A 1.1 47.3 A 1.2 10.7 A 0.8 6.9 A 0.6 6.2 A 0.6 21.5 A 1.1 55.1 A 1.3 12.0 A 0.8 5.2 A 0.5
65+ years old 12.4 A 1.4 23.0 A 1.9 45.1 A 2.3 12.5 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.2 9.5 A 1.3 22.1 A 1.9 52.4 A 2.4 11.3 A 1.5 4.8 A 1.0
Less than high school 12.1 A 1.9 23.1 B 3.0 49.3 B 3.3 10.4 A 2.1 5.2 A 1.2 9.4 A 2.1 24.0 B 3.1 51.0 B 3.5 11.9 A 2.4 3.7 A 0.9
High school 15.3 A 1.4 20.9 A 1.4 45.0 A 1.8 12.3 A 1.3 6.5 A 0.9 7.0 A 0.9 22.2 A 1.6 54.8 A 1.8 10.8 A 1.1 5.2 A 0.8
College/Cegep/Trade School 13.7 A 1.1 21.1 A 1.4 45.4 A 1.5 11.5 A 1.0 8.3 A 0.9 4.8 A 0.6 17.9 A 1.2 54.5 A 1.6 15.1 A 1.2 7.7 A 0.8
Bachelor's degree 10.9 A 1.2 18.4 A 1.4 48.7 A 1.7 13.1 A 1.2 8.9 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.7 17.0 A 1.3 55.2 A 1.7 14.9 A 1.1 7.9 A 0.9
Master's degree or above 13.4 A 1.6 20.1 A 2.0 44.7 A 2.4 12.0 A 1.6 9.7 A 1.5 8.3 A 1.2 18.1 A 1.9 53.6 A 2.3 12.4 A 1.4 7.7 A 1.2
In Canada 12.8 A 0.7 20.4 A 0.8 46.1 A 1.0 12.2 A 0.7 8.5 A 0.6 5.6 A 0.4 19.1 A 0.8 55.0 A 1.0 13.0 A 0.7 7.3 A 0.5
Outside Canada 14.5 A 1.3 20.3 A 1.5 47.0 A 1.8 11.9 A 1.2 6.4 A 0.9 7.9 A 1.0 19.1 A 1.5 52.7 A 1.8 14.7 A 1.3 5.7 A 0.7
0% 12.7 A 0.8 21.9 A 1.0 44.3 A 1.2 12.6 A 0.8 8.6 A 0.7 5.6 A 0.5 20.5 A 1.0 53.2 A 1.2 13.6 A 0.8 7.1 A 0.6
1% to 49% 13.0 A 1.8 19.3 A 2.1 48.7 B 2.6 10.8 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.2 5.0 A 1.0 16.6 A 1.9 60.0 A 2.4 11.5 A 1.3 7.0 A 1.2
50% 14.8 A 1.4 17.1 A 1.4 49.1 A 1.8 12.6 A 1.3 6.5 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.0 16.7 A 1.3 54.0 A 1.8 15.1 A 1.4 6.7 A 0.8
51% to 99% 12.9 B 3.6 16.7 B 4.0 49.9 C 5.6 9.4 B 2.6 11.1 B 3.8 5.1 A 2.1 11.4 B 3.2 56.6 C 5.5 18.5 B 4.9 8.4 A 2.4
100% 13.3 A 1.8 21.1 A 2.2 47.5 B 2.5 10.9 A 1.7 7.2 A 1.3 7.4 A 1.2 20.5 A 2.0 55.0 A 2.4 10.7 A 1.4 6.3 A 1.2
Potential Borrowers25.5 B 3.6 23.6 B 3.4 38.0 B 3.9 6.5 A 2.1 6.4 A 2.2 9.9 A 2.2 21.1 B 3.3 48.5 B 4.1 16.4 B 3.7 4.1 A 1.5
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
16.3 B 4.3 16.6 B 4.6 37.8 C 5.4 14.8 B 4.3 14.5 B 3.4 5.2 A 2.3 8.7 B 3.1 41.0 C 5.1 27.6 B 4.9 17.5 B 3.7
Co-operatives Co-operatives 15.3 A 1.4 14.5 A 1.3 57.6 A 1.8 7.5 A 1.0 5.1 A 0.8 5.8 A 0.9 16.0 A 1.5 63.4 A 1.9 9.9 A 1.2 4.9 A 0.8
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 11.6 A 1.3 13.1 A 1.4 48.6 A 2.3 16.4 A 1.8 10.3 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.7 7.2 A 1.1 61.0 A 2.3 18.3 A 1.9 11.8 A 1.6
Not-for-profit 13.8 A 1.1 22.5 A 1.2 50.0 A 1.4 8.4 A 0.7 5.3 A 0.6 3.9 A 0.7 24.3 A 1.3 61.2 A 1.4 7.5 A 0.7 3.1 A 0.4
Charity 7.5 A 1.0 13.4 A 1.0 58.6 A 2.0 14.2 A 1.6 6.3 A 1.4 2.3 A 0.2 10.8 A 0.9 69.3 A 1.8 12.5 A 1.4 5.1 A 1.2
For-profit 16.0 B 3.0 14.7 B 2.8 45.6 B 3.9 14.8 B 2.8 9.0 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.9 10.9 A 2.5 53.8 B 3.9 16.7 B 3.2 10.8 A 2.5
13.7 A 0.7 20.0 A 0.8 45.8 A 0.9 12.3 A 0.6 8.2 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.4 18.9 A 0.8 53.8 A 0.9 14.0 A 0.6 7.2 A 0.5
10.5 A 1.5 22.8 A 2.1 49.4 A 2.4 10.7 A 1.7 6.6 A 1.1 7.0 A 1.2 20.2 A 2.0 58.1 A 2.4 9.5 A 1.3 5.1 A 0.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Incorporated
Unincorporated
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Legal Status
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
Innovation Activities
developed or
introducedAt least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
0% (no growth)Between 1% and 10%
per year
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Employment Size
Region
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Table 18: Average Yearly Growth in Sales/RevenuesSurvey question(s):
I.1. Over the last three years, what was the average yearly growth of your business’ sales or total revenues?
I.2. In the next three years, what is the expected average yearly growth of your business’ sales or total revenues?
Notes:
I.1 is applicable only to those that have sold goods and services in the last three years.
I.2 ia applicable to all respondents.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Average yearly growth in sales/revenues
Between 11% and
20% per year20% or more per year
Over the last three years Over the next three years
Less than 0%
(negative sales
growth)
Between 1% and 10%
per year0% (no growth)
Between 11% and
20% per year20% or more per year
Less than 0% (scale
back)
% Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE % Quality
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 50.0A 0.8
18.7A 0.6
13.3A 0.5
18.0A 0.6
45.9A 0.8
17.7A 0.6
17.5A 0.6
18.9A 0.6
39.8A 0.8
24.2A 0.7
20.3A 0.7
15.7A 0.6
66.0A 0.8
17.6A 0.6
8.7A 0.4
7.7A 0.4
49.7A 0.8
15.6A 0.6
15.8A 0.6
18.9A 0.6
35.3A 0.8
20.3A 0.6
24.4A 0.7
20.0A 0.6
34.9A 0.8
24.4A 0.7
23.9A 0.7
16.8A 0.6
36.8A 0.8
23.2A 0.7
23.3A 0.7
16.7A 0.6
42.2A 0.8
23.9A 0.7
19.3A 0.6
14.6A 0.6
83.1A 0.6
1.8A 0.2
5.6A 0.4
9.5A 0.5
1 to 4 employees 62.2A 1.1
16.4A 0.9
9.2A 0.7
12.3A 0.8
58.8A 1.1
14.4A 0.8
12.6A 0.8
14.2A 0.8
44.0A 1.2
21.6A 1.0
19.1A 1.0
15.3A 0.8
71.0A 1.0
14.7A 0.8
7.6A 0.6
6.7A 0.5
56.4A 1.2
14.1A 0.8
13.5A 0.8
15.9A 0.9
43.5A 1.2
19.7A 0.9
20.3A 0.9
16.5A 0.8
41.6A 1.2
21.0A 0.9
21.2A 1.0
16.1A 0.9
43.0A 1.2
19.9A 0.9
21.2A 1.0
15.8A 0.9
47.4A 1.1
22.2A 1.0
18.0A 0.9
12.4A 0.8
83.0A 0.9
1.9A 0.4
5.9A 0.6
9.1A 0.7
5 to 19 employees 37.4A 1.4
19.7A 1.1
17.9A 1.1
25.1A 1.3
32.5A 1.3
20.3A 1.2
22.3A 1.2
24.9A 1.2
36.1A 1.3
27.8A 1.2
20.9A 1.1
15.3A 1.0
59.8A 1.4
20.6A 1.2
10.0A 0.8
9.6A 0.8
42.9A 1.4
16.4A 1.0
18.2A 1.1
22.5A 1.2
26.9A 1.3
19.7A 1.1
29.9A 1.3
23.5A 1.2
28.0A 1.3
28.9A 1.3
26.2A 1.2
16.9A 1.0
28.9A 1.3
27.7A 1.3
24.9A 1.2
18.4A 1.1
35.9A 1.3
25.4A 1.3
20.5A 1.1
18.2A 1.1
82.9A 1.0
1.6A 0.3
5.3A 0.6
10.1A 0.8
20 to 99 employees 29.8A 1.8
26.0A 1.8
18.5A 1.4
25.7A 1.8
25.4A 1.6
25.1A 1.8
25.0A 1.7
24.4A 1.8
30.0A 1.8
26.0A 1.7
24.9A 1.8
19.1A 1.6
59.8A 2.0
23.2A 1.7
9.9A 1.2
7.1A 1.1
37.2A 1.9
19.8A 1.5
20.2A 1.7
22.7A 1.6
21.7A 1.5
23.9A 1.7
27.5A 1.8
26.9A 1.7
23.9A 1.7
28.2A 1.8
28.3A 1.6
19.6A 1.7
29.7A 1.8
25.6A 1.8
28.4A 1.7
16.3A 1.4
35.8A 1.9
26.9A 1.8
22.2A 1.7
15.1A 1.3
83.9A 1.3
1.8A 0.4
5.0A 0.7
9.3A 1.1
100 to 499 employees 28.9B 3.0
26.0B 2.6
25.5B 3.3
19.6B 2.8
19.8A 2.0
27.6B 2.9
32.9B 3.3
19.7B 3.2
35.8B 3.3
29.1B 3.0
20.5B 2.6
14.6B 2.9
61.4B 3.4
22.0A 2.5
6.7A 1.2
9.9B 3.4
43.1B 3.4
22.6B 3.0
15.8A 1.8
18.4B 2.8
16.9A 1.8
30.7B 3.1
32.4B 3.4
20.1B 3.1
20.0B 2.5
23.9B 2.5
35.7B 3.3
20.4B 3.3
31.9B 3.2
29.0B 2.7
25.4B 3.2
13.7B 2.6
35.2B 3.2
28.8B 2.9
22.8B 3.1
13.2B 2.6
86.3B 2.6
0.8A 0.3
4.7A 0.9
8.2B 2.6
Atlantic 52.2A 2.2
19.3A 1.7
13.0A 1.5
15.5A 1.7
49.6A 2.1
17.9A 1.7
16.8A 1.7
15.7A 1.7
41.3A 2.3
24.7A 2.0
19.8A 1.8
14.1A 1.8
68.9A 2.1
16.8A 1.8
8.2A 1.2
6.1A 1.0
45.6A 2.4
20.0A 1.8
22.1A 2.1
12.3A 1.6
32.0A 2.2
25.4A 1.9
27.8A 2.2
14.7A 1.6
39.4A 2.2
22.7A 1.8
23.9A 2.0
14.0A 1.6
35.6A 2.3
18.8A 1.7
27.5A 2.2
18.1A 1.9
37.7A 2.4
30.7A 2.3
21.3A 1.8
10.3A 1.5
84.6A 1.6
1.6A 0.4
6.1A 1.2
7.8A 1.1
Quebec 48.3A 1.9
13.1A 1.2
15.2A 1.3
23.5A 1.6
46.8A 1.8
15.8A 1.4
17.2A 1.4
20.1A 1.6
48.8A 1.9
21.7A 1.6
18.7A 1.6
10.8A 1.0
66.7A 1.7
15.6A 1.3
9.7A 1.1
8.0A 0.9
55.9A 1.9
12.1A 1.2
16.8A 1.5
15.2A 1.4
41.4A 1.8
18.5A 1.5
24.4A 1.5
15.7A 1.3
35.9A 1.8
21.7A 1.6
25.5A 1.7
17.0A 1.3
35.6A 1.9
20.2A 1.6
27.9A 1.8
16.4A 1.3
46.7A 1.8
18.7A 1.4
18.8A 1.5
15.8A 1.4
82.8A 1.6
1.8A 0.7
5.6A 1.1
9.7A 1.1
Ontario 50.0A 1.3
19.5A 1.0
13.7A 0.9
16.8A 0.9
43.5A 1.2
18.7A 1.0
17.7A 0.9
20.1A 1.0
36.3A 1.2
26.5A 1.1
21.4A 1.1
15.9A 1.0
64.6A 1.3
19.1A 1.1
8.3A 0.7
8.1A 0.7
45.8A 1.3
16.3A 1.0
16.2A 1.0
21.8A 1.0
32.9A 1.2
21.3A 1.0
23.3A 1.1
22.4A 1.0
31.6A 1.2
25.2A 1.1
23.9A 1.1
19.3A 1.1
38.6A 1.3
24.6A 1.1
21.1A 1.0
15.7A 1.0
38.8A 1.3
25.0A 1.1
21.2A 1.1
14.9A 0.9
82.5A 1.0
2.0A 0.4
6.5A 0.7
8.9A 0.7
Northern Ontario 43.0B 2.9
18.1A 2.1
15.6A 2.0
23.3B 2.6
35.0B 2.7
17.2A 2.1
18.7A 2.3
29.1B 2.8
36.7B 2.8
25.0B 2.5
23.0A 2.4
15.3A 2.2
61.5B 2.8
20.3A 2.3
9.4A 1.5
8.8A 1.7
35.3B 2.8
17.6A 2.1
14.5A 1.9
32.6B 2.8
25.9B 2.6
19.8A 2.3
27.7B 2.6
26.6B 2.6
32.1B 2.5
31.2B 2.8
21.5A 2.3
15.2A 2.2
37.5B 2.8
24.7B 2.6
20.1A 2.2
17.6A 2.3
39.7B 2.8
21.9A 2.3
22.8B 2.5
15.6A 2.1
80.3A 2.3
3.5A 1.4
5.3A 1.1
10.9A 1.7
Southern Ontario 50.4A 1.3
19.6A 1.1
13.6A 0.9
16.4A 1.0
44.1A 1.3
18.8A 1.1
17.6A 1.0
19.5A 1.1
36.2A 1.3
26.6A 1.2
21.3A 1.1
15.9A 1.0
64.8A 1.3
19.0A 1.1
8.2A 0.8
8.0A 0.7
46.5A 1.4
16.2A 1.0
16.3A 1.0
21.1A 1.1
33.4A 1.3
21.4A 1.1
23.1A 1.1
22.1A 1.1
31.6A 1.3
24.8A 1.1
24.1A 1.1
19.5A 1.1
38.7A 1.3
24.6A 1.2
21.2A 1.1
15.6A 1.0
38.8A 1.3
25.2A 1.2
21.1A 1.1
14.9A 1.0
82.7A 1.0
1.9A 0.4
6.6A 0.7
8.8A 0.8
Pra iries 55.4A 1.7
22.8A 1.5
9.3A 0.9
12.6A 1.1
51.1A 1.7
18.9A 1.4
14.9A 1.1
15.1A 1.3
32.1A 1.6
22.7A 1.4
22.0A 1.4
23.2A 1.5
65.8A 1.6
18.2A 1.3
8.0A 0.9
8.0A 1.0
49.4A 1.7
15.9A 1.3
14.0A 1.2
20.7A 1.4
30.2A 1.6
20.8A 1.4
26.4A 1.5
22.6A 1.5
35.4A 1.7
26.3A 1.5
22.6A 1.4
15.7A 1.2
34.6A 1.6
22.9A 1.5
24.5A 1.5
17.9A 1.4
42.7A 1.7
23.4A 1.5
18.9A 1.2
14.9A 1.2
82.4A 1.3
1.1A 0.3
5.1A 0.7
11.4A 1.1
Manitoba 53.9B 3.6
22.4B 3.0
11.5A 2.1
12.2A 2.4
44.8B 3.5
15.8A 2.5
22.6B 2.9
16.7B 2.8
31.1B 3.3
25.8B 3.2
26.4B 3.3
16.8B 2.6
66.8B 3.4
15.6B 2.6
9.5A 2.3
8.1A 2.2
50.1B 3.6
20.5B 3.0
16.5B 2.8
12.9A 2.4
31.1B 3.2
26.3B 3.2
27.7B 3.3
14.8A 2.4
30.0B 3.3
26.1B 3.1
26.1B 3.1
17.8B 2.7
42.5B 3.6
27.2B 3.2
18.0B 2.7
12.4A 2.4
48.7B 3.7
25.4B 3.1
14.4A 2.3
11.5B 2.5
86.5B 2.5
0.6A 0.3
5.8A 1.7
7.0A 1.9
Saskatchewan 48.8B 3.5
23.0B 2.8
14.4A 2.3
13.8B 2.5
44.8B 3.4
18.0B 2.5
22.0B 2.8
15.2B 2.6
36.1B 3.4
21.4B 2.6
21.1B 2.7
21.3B 2.8
67.2B 3.0
20.0B 2.5
6.9A 1.6
5.9A 1.4
55.0B 3.4
15.6A 2.4
13.3A 2.1
16.2A 2.3
25.1B 2.8
26.0B 3.2
28.8B 3.1
20.1B 2.7
37.2B 3.4
23.8B 2.8
23.8B 2.8
15.3A 2.5
41.8B 3.4
19.4B 2.7
22.6B 3.0
16.2B 2.7
41.4B 3.4
19.3B 2.7
23.3B 2.7
16.0A 2.4
76.6B 3.1
1.0A 0.5
9.2A 2.3
13.2A 2.5
Alberta 57.2A 2.2
22.8A 1.9
7.6A 1.0
12.4A 1.5
53.9A 2.2
19.8A 1.9
11.6A 1.3
14.7A 1.6
31.4A 2.1
22.3A 1.9
21.3A 1.9
25.0A 2.1
65.2A 2.2
18.3A 1.7
8.0A 1.2
8.5A 1.3
47.9A 2.2
14.9A 1.6
13.6A 1.5
23.5A 1.9
31.2A 2.1
18.4A 1.7
25.5A 1.9
25.0A 2.0
36.2A 2.2
26.9A 2.0
21.5A 1.8
15.4A 1.5
31.2A 2.1
22.8A 2.0
26.4A 2.0
19.6A 1.9
41.7A 2.2
23.9A 2.0
18.9A 1.6
15.5A 1.6
82.8A 1.6
1.3A 0.4
3.9A 0.9
12.0A 1.4
Bri tish Columbia and Terri tories 45.0A 2.2
19.2A 1.8
14.9A 1.7
20.9A 1.8
42.3A 2.2
16.5A 1.7
20.9A 1.9
20.3A 1.7
44.0A 2.4
24.5A 2.0
18.1A 1.7
13.3A 1.6
67.1A 2.1
17.0A 1.7
8.9A 1.2
7.0A 1.2
51.7A 2.3
16.9A 1.7
13.5A 1.5
17.8A 1.9
39.5A 2.3
18.2A 1.7
23.1A 2.0
19.1A 1.7
38.3A 2.3
24.9A 1.9
23.2A 1.9
13.6A 1.6
37.5A 2.3
26.7A 2.0
18.6A 1.7
17.2A 1.9
44.5A 2.3
26.5A 2.1
15.8A 1.6
13.3A 1.6
85.4A 1.6
2.1A 0.6
4.1A 0.8
8.4A 1.3
St. John's 58.5D 9.0
25.2D 8.5
7.1B 3.9
9.3B 4.3
65.0D 8.6
10.8B 4.9
18.6D 7.5
5.6B 3.2
31.5D 8.1
32.7D 8.8
28.9D 8.5
6.9B 3.5
71.5D 8.5
15.3D 7.9
6.0B 3.6
7.2B 3.9
63.8D 8.6
22.0C 7.4
10.3C 5.1
4.0B 2.7
39.6D 8.7
10.4B 4.6
34.8D 9.5
15.2C 5.7
35.4D 8.7
26.7D 8.1
30.5D 8.6
7.4B 3.9
36.4D 9.2
18.9C 6.1
35.6D 8.8
9.1B 4.1
31.4D 8.4
40.1D 9.2
17.3C 6.1
11.2B 4.8
75.9D 7.8
4.3B 2.7
16.3C 7.5
3.4A 2.1
Hal i fax 54.7C 6.0
18.9B 4.3
13.0B 3.9
13.4B 3.9
51.9C 6.3
13.9B 3.5
19.2B 4.8
15.1B 4.2
40.4C 6.6
20.1B 4.4
23.1C 5.1
16.3C 5.6
72.9C 5.1
11.4B 3.4
8.1B 2.9
7.7B 3.0
37.7C 5.6
16.7B 4.1
21.0C 5.7
24.6C 6.5
36.4C 6.4
20.4B 4.3
25.3C 6.2
18.0C 5.1
40.6C 6.4
20.6C 5.2
19.7B 4.6
19.1B 4.1
37.7C 5.7
18.3B 4.8
17.0B 4.3
27.0C 6.3
31.3C 5.5
35.5C 6.5
15.9B 4.1
17.3C 5.0
79.3C 5.7
0.0A 0.0
11.7C 5.1
8.9B 3.2
Quebec 50.5C 6.8
11.4B 3.4
16.0B 4.4
22.1C 5.1
52.1C 6.8
15.3B 4.0
14.9B 4.3
17.6B 4.9
47.0C 6.6
30.5D 7.5
10.9B 3.4
11.5B 3.3
78.7B 5.0
11.7B 3.5
5.4B 3.4
4.2A 1.7
62.4C 6.2
9.3B 3.0
13.7B 4.2
14.7B 4.0
50.2C 6.8
31.1C 5.8
10.3B 3.1
8.4B 2.6
36.2C 6.9
18.2B 4.3
30.3C 6.8
15.3B 4.7
47.9C 6.9
16.1B 4.8
14.6B 3.3
21.4B 4.7
65.2C 5.7
8.3B 2.8
16.2B 4.1
10.3B 3.1
90.0B 3.0
1.4A 1.2
2.8A 1.8
5.7A 2.1
Montreal 52.1B 2.8
13.5A 1.7
15.5A 1.9
18.9A 2.2
47.6B 2.8
15.7A 2.0
18.6A 2.3
18.1A 2.2
45.3B 2.9
22.4A 2.3
20.3B 2.5
12.1A 1.7
63.0B 2.7
18.2A 2.2
10.8A 1.6
8.0A 1.5
55.7B 2.8
13.4A 2.1
15.3A 2.2
15.6A 2.1
38.2B 2.7
18.5A 2.3
27.3A 2.5
15.9A 2.0
28.7A 2.5
22.8A 2.4
26.2A 2.5
22.3A 2.3
32.2B 2.7
21.1A 2.4
28.7B 2.7
17.9A 2.1
41.8B 2.8
20.4A 2.2
19.8A 2.3
18.1A 2.2
81.6A 2.4
2.1A 1.0
6.6A 1.7
9.8A 1.7
Ottawa-Gatineau 46.9B 4.9
17.6B 3.2
21.1B 4.4
14.4B 2.7
43.9B 4.5
18.6B 3.4
16.7B 2.7
20.8B 4.3
31.9B 4.2
31.1B 4.8
23.6B 4.6
13.4B 2.9
61.4B 4.7
19.2B 4.2
12.6B 3.9
6.7A 1.7
49.9B 4.8
14.5B 3.9
18.1B 4.0
17.5B 3.3
34.2B 4.3
22.4B 4.2
21.6B 4.2
21.8B 3.9
33.2B 4.5
21.4B 3.6
24.7B 3.7
20.7B 4.3
38.0B 4.2
16.4B 3.1
29.7B 4.6
15.9B 4.1
37.7B 4.3
21.3B 3.9
24.0B 4.4
17.1B 4.0
85.3B 3.1
0.6A 0.5
7.3A 2.4
6.9A 2.1
Toronto 51.8A 2.1
20.7A 1.8
12.8A 1.4
14.7A 1.5
45.2A 2.1
19.5A 1.8
17.4A 1.5
17.9A 1.7
33.2A 2.0
25.1A 1.9
22.0A 1.8
19.7A 1.8
64.5A 2.1
17.8A 1.7
9.5A 1.3
8.1A 1.1
50.5A 2.2
17.4A 1.6
14.4A 1.5
17.8A 1.6
34.6A 2.1
22.1A 1.8
21.7A 1.8
21.7A 1.7
25.8A 1.9
23.1A 1.8
26.8A 1.9
24.3A 1.9
37.5A 2.1
24.1A 1.8
20.3A 1.7
18.0A 1.7
37.5A 2.1
24.7A 1.9
22.2A 1.8
15.6A 1.5
82.0A 1.7
2.3A 0.7
5.9A 1.0
9.9A 1.3
Kingston 56.1B 5.0
14.5B 3.5
9.7A 2.4
19.7B 3.9
44.3B 5.0
14.4B 3.5
19.0B 3.9
22.3B 4.0
38.7B 4.9
32.0B 4.6
16.6B 4.0
12.7B 3.3
62.5C 5.1
15.2B 3.7
15.0B 4.2
7.3A 2.4
31.2B 4.7
17.0B 4.1
23.3B 4.4
28.4B 4.6
22.1B 4.3
28.3B 4.5
28.2B 4.7
21.4B 4.0
29.0B 4.5
35.8B 4.9
23.9B 4.3
11.3B 2.8
30.9B 4.6
24.3B 4.6
28.0B 4.6
16.9B 3.8
41.5C 5.2
15.2B 3.5
28.4B 4.7
14.8B 3.7
81.3B 4.0
2.1A 1.5
7.7B 2.7
8.9B 2.7
Hamil ton 52.2C 6.1
16.6B 4.6
15.3B 3.6
16.0B 3.8
46.9C 5.9
16.4B 4.2
15.8B 4.3
20.9B 4.2
41.0C 6.2
24.3B 4.9
18.0B 4.8
16.8B 4.2
61.4C 6.0
26.5C 5.5
3.7A 1.4
8.4B 2.6
48.4C 5.9
17.0B 4.2
14.2B 4.9
20.4B 4.7
37.1C 6.2
16.2B 4.2
18.8B 4.3
27.9C 5.3
41.3C 5.7
29.4C 5.6
14.1B 4.2
15.2B 4.4
39.0C 5.8
31.7C 6.2
17.9C 5.1
11.3B 3.4
42.1C 6.2
23.7C 5.1
18.1B 4.8
16.1B 3.9
77.6C 5.3
1.0A 0.5
8.8B 3.9
12.6B 4.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 54.9C 5.3
14.0B 3.3
10.7B 3.6
20.4B 4.4
45.3C 6.1
19.9C 5.1
15.0B 3.4
19.8B 4.8
36.6C 6.1
25.4C 5.4
21.0B 4.9
17.0B 4.5
57.6C 6.0
27.7C 5.1
7.8A 2.4
6.9B 4.2
49.5C 6.0
4.7A 1.8
17.5B 4.9
28.3C 5.6
33.2C 6.1
19.3B 4.5
22.0B 4.1
25.5C 5.0
52.9C 5.6
18.5B 4.0
18.2B 3.7
10.4B 2.9
30.6C 5.2
28.6C 5.7
26.2C 5.4
14.5B 4.6
47.0C 6.1
26.0B 4.8
11.8B 2.8
15.2B 4.8
82.7B 4.8
2.9A 2.2
6.4B 3.6
8.0B 3.1
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 43.2C 5.7
22.6B 4.7
17.4B 4.0
16.8B 3.9
37.6C 5.5
22.1C 5.1
16.2B 3.5
24.1B 4.5
29.0C 5.1
37.0C 5.4
22.4B 4.3
11.6B 3.4
70.0C 5.0
16.6B 4.1
5.3A 2.1
8.1B 2.8
48.5C 5.6
12.9B 3.8
23.0B 4.4
15.6B 3.3
29.9C 5.2
26.9B 5.0
19.8B 3.9
23.4B 4.9
25.2B 4.3
24.4B 4.6
34.2C 5.4
16.2B 4.7
41.4C 5.6
28.9B 4.9
22.3B 4.4
7.4A 2.2
34.4C 5.3
27.5B 4.7
17.5B 3.7
20.6B 4.9
86.5B 3.5
1.1A 0.8
5.3B 2.7
7.1A 2.4
London 53.7C 5.6
21.2C 5.2
15.0B 3.2
10.1B 3.1
51.1C 5.6
9.1B 3.5
19.5B 4.0
20.2B 4.6
43.2C 5.8
33.9C 5.4
14.0B 4.1
8.9B 3.1
72.2C 5.4
19.9B 4.9
2.7A 1.5
5.2B 2.5
41.3C 5.6
14.7B 4.3
18.0B 3.9
26.0C 5.2
30.6C 5.1
22.6B 4.8
20.7B 4.2
26.1C 5.2
39.0C 5.6
27.6B 4.9
25.1B 4.8
8.3B 3.4
40.1C 5.7
18.9B 4.2
23.1B 4.5
17.9B 4.9
41.9C 5.7
28.0B 4.9
18.2B 4.4
11.9B 4.0
82.8B 3.9
2.0A 2.0
6.9A 2.3
8.3B 2.7
Windsor 46.9C 6.1
12.2B 3.3
12.0B 3.8
29.0C 5.0
46.2C 6.0
14.4B 3.3
12.6B 3.8
26.8B 5.0
47.7C 6.0
27.8C 5.4
11.0B 3.3
13.5B 3.6
77.4B 4.5
10.0B 3.0
6.2B 2.7
6.4B 2.6
41.7C 5.9
20.7C 5.2
13.0B 3.3
24.6B 4.9
26.8C 5.4
16.2B 4.6
30.8C 5.5
26.2B 4.9
44.5C 6.0
22.3B 4.9
21.1B 4.4
12.1B 3.4
41.0C 6.0
16.7B 3.9
18.2B 4.0
24.0C 5.2
46.2C 5.8
18.8B 3.9
18.9B 4.3
16.1B 4.6
88.3B 3.3
1.0A 0.8
3.8A 1.9
6.8B 2.8
Thunder Bay 49.8C 5.4
20.4B 4.3
14.1B 3.5
15.7B 4.5
46.1C 5.4
14.4B 3.2
19.0B 4.4
20.5B 4.8
35.3C 5.2
25.1C 5.1
23.2B 4.4
16.3B 4.2
63.4C 5.6
16.4B 4.3
12.9B 4.1
7.3B 3.0
31.2C 5.1
22.2B 4.7
20.6B 4.9
26.0B 4.7
28.2C 5.0
21.8B 4.3
23.0B 4.8
27.0B 4.9
32.7C 5.3
30.0C 5.0
19.6B 4.4
17.7B 4.6
38.2C 5.4
15.6B 3.3
31.3C 5.1
14.8B 4.7
43.4C 5.4
19.9B 4.3
22.1B 4.6
14.6B 4.2
75.6B 4.8
2.7A 1.7
7.9B 2.6
13.8B 4.4
Winnipeg 56.4B 4.7
19.4B 3.7
10.2B 2.6
13.9B 3.2
49.5B 4.6
14.5B 3.1
16.5B 3.3
19.5B 3.9
29.0B 4.3
27.1B 4.2
26.2B 4.1
17.7B 3.4
66.3B 4.4
13.7B 3.2
9.9B 3.0
10.2B 3.0
52.1B 4.6
21.4B 4.0
11.9B 3.1
14.6B 3.3
32.6B 4.2
26.0B 4.3
31.6B 4.3
9.7A 2.3
27.5B 4.3
25.5B 4.0
28.0B 4.1
19.0B 3.3
40.9B 4.6
27.4B 4.2
21.1B 3.6
10.6B 2.7
52.5B 4.6
22.3B 3.8
14.8B 3.0
10.4B 3.0
86.2B 3.3
0.5A 0.3
6.4A 2.3
6.9B 2.5
Calgary 64.4B 3.8
17.4B 3.0
7.9A 2.1
10.2A 2.4
56.6B 3.9
17.4B 3.2
15.0B 2.7
10.9A 2.1
33.8B 3.9
22.6B 3.7
22.0B 3.3
21.6B 3.2
68.3B 3.6
19.8B 3.3
5.5A 1.6
6.4A 1.5
50.9B 4.0
16.2B 2.9
10.3A 2.3
22.5B 3.5
34.8B 3.7
18.9B 3.3
27.6B 3.6
18.7B 3.2
35.9B 4.0
26.6B 3.7
24.5B 3.4
12.9A 2.4
33.8B 3.9
24.7B 3.4
23.1B 3.5
18.4B 3.4
42.5B 4.0
23.3B 3.4
17.4B 3.0
16.8B 3.0
80.9B 3.0
1.0A 0.8
4.5A 1.4
13.5B 2.6
Edmonton 60.8B 4.3
19.9B 3.9
6.7A 1.8
12.6B 2.7
57.9B 4.3
17.6B 3.8
10.9A 2.4
13.5B 2.8
36.9B 4.3
23.9B 3.7
18.6B 3.5
20.6B 3.5
67.7B 4.1
16.2B 3.4
8.5A 2.2
7.5A 1.8
49.1B 4.5
16.9B 3.4
11.3A 2.3
22.7B 3.5
32.4B 4.1
16.1B 3.1
20.2B 3.6
31.3B 4.1
33.6B 4.2
22.3B 4.0
20.9B 3.4
23.3B 3.6
27.3B 3.9
18.7B 3.8
32.3B 4.1
21.8B 3.4
45.0B 4.5
23.1B 4.1
16.7B 2.7
15.1B 2.9
84.2B 3.1
0.4A 0.4
2.9A 1.2
12.4B 2.9
Vancouver 43.4B 3.3
18.5B 2.6
13.9A 2.3
24.2B 2.9
38.1B 3.2
16.5B 2.5
21.4B 2.9
24.0B 2.8
40.8B 3.4
26.8B 3.0
18.0B 2.6
14.3A 2.4
61.9B 3.4
20.1B 2.8
11.6A 2.3
6.4A 1.7
56.7B 3.4
15.6A 2.4
9.1A 1.6
18.6B 2.8
41.3B 3.4
18.0A 2.4
20.0B 2.8
20.7B 2.8
36.5B 3.4
24.3B 2.8
24.9B 3.0
14.2A 2.4
35.8B 3.3
30.0B 3.1
18.9B 2.6
15.4B 2.7
42.0B 3.4
28.5B 3.3
16.6A 2.5
12.8A 2.2
84.8B 2.5
2.1A 0.9
4.3A 1.3
8.7A 2.1
Victoria 51.6D 8.5
19.2C 5.7
7.6B 3.5
21.6C 6.6
61.5D 7.6
10.3B 4.3
16.2C 5.2
12.0B 3.9
51.3D 8.4
19.4C 6.4
20.4C 7.0
8.9B 3.7
84.4B 4.8
11.0B 4.0
2.8A 2.3
1.9A 1.2
49.0D 8.5
16.2C 6.0
17.5C 6.5
17.3C 6.5
38.8D 8.4
17.4C 6.8
33.5D 8.0
10.2B 4.1
45.1D 8.5
28.1C 6.9
17.7C 6.3
9.2B 3.8
39.5D 8.4
32.1D 8.2
13.8C 5.7
14.6C 5.6
51.1D 8.5
20.2C 7.1
25.0C 7.0
3.7A 2.5
88.0B 4.5
0.0A 0.0
5.9B 3.1
6.1B 3.4
52.2A 2.5
17.7A 1.7
12.9A 1.5
17.2A 1.9
53.3A 2.5
16.2A 1.7
12.8A 1.4
17.7A 1.9
45.8A 2.5
21.7A 2.1
15.8A 1.7
16.7A 2.0
66.2A 2.3
20.3A 1.9
6.1A 1.1
7.4A 1.4
39.1A 2.4
15.9A 1.7
20.9A 2.0
24.1A 1.9
25.6A 2.3
16.6A 1.8
26.0A 2.2
31.7A 2.4
48.2B 2.5
23.5A 2.1
16.3A 1.7
12.1A 1.7
41.3A 2.5
23.3A 2.2
19.8A 1.9
15.5A 2.0
39.0A 2.5
19.4A 1.8
25.2A 2.1
16.5A 2.0
75.6A 2.1
2.4A 0.9
5.9A 1.2
16.1A 1.9
43.3A 2.4
22.0A 2.0
13.9A 1.7
20.8A 2.0
37.0A 2.4
19.8A 1.9
20.5A 2.0
22.7A 2.0
39.0A 2.3
27.3A 2.0
18.3A 1.8
15.4A 1.6
62.0A 2.4
20.6A 1.9
7.4A 1.1
10.0A 1.6
50.1A 2.4
14.4A 1.6
17.5A 1.9
18.0A 1.8
34.0A 2.4
20.5A 1.9
29.7A 2.2
15.7A 1.9
34.1A 2.4
27.5A 2.1
23.7A 2.0
14.7A 1.7
35.9A 2.4
22.9A 2.1
27.7A 2.2
13.5A 1.6
38.1A 2.3
26.8A 2.2
16.2A 1.7
19.0A 1.9
85.5A 1.7
0.7A 0.3
4.9A 1.2
8.8A 1.3
38.6A 2.2
19.9A 1.7
19.8A 1.8
21.7A 1.9
35.9A 2.1
22.7A 2.0
21.9A 1.7
19.5A 1.7
33.5A 2.2
25.3A 2.0
26.0A 2.0
15.3A 1.5
58.2A 2.3
21.0A 1.9
11.8A 1.5
9.1A 1.2
50.1A 2.3
16.4A 1.6
16.5A 1.8
16.9A 1.6
22.0A 1.9
23.6A 2.0
33.9A 2.2
20.4A 1.9
29.9A 2.1
25.8A 2.0
27.3A 1.9
17.1A 1.8
30.4A 2.1
26.4A 2.0
26.9A 1.9
16.3A 1.8
34.5A 2.1
26.6A 2.1
25.0A 2.0
13.9A 1.5
78.2A 1.8
2.5A 0.7
7.4A 1.1
11.8A 1.5
57.3A 2.2
18.5A 1.8
12.5A 1.4
11.7A 1.4
50.1A 2.2
17.6A 1.7
17.4A 1.7
15.0A 1.7
35.3A 2.2
24.1A 1.9
22.9A 2.0
17.7A 1.8
65.6A 2.1
15.9A 1.6
10.8A 1.5
7.7A 1.3
51.2A 2.2
15.8A 1.5
16.4A 1.7
16.6A 1.8
33.1A 2.1
23.6A 1.9
24.5A 2.0
18.8A 1.9
24.2A 2.0
23.1A 1.8
31.3A 2.1
21.4A 2.0
36.4A 2.2
27.4A 2.0
23.6A 2.0
12.5A 1.5
42.7A 2.3
23.3A 1.8
22.1A 2.0
11.9A 1.5
81.4A 1.8
2.0A 0.6
4.0A 0.8
12.6A 1.6
49.8A 2.3
19.8A 1.7
12.1A 1.5
18.4A 2.0
40.5A 2.1
21.1A 2.1
20.0A 1.8
18.4A 1.9
28.1A 2.1
24.6A 1.9
30.0A 2.3
17.3A 1.8
61.3A 2.4
19.2A 1.9
10.4A 1.6
9.1A 1.3
46.9A 2.4
17.7A 1.8
13.9A 1.5
21.6A 1.9
23.6A 2.1
20.6A 1.8
31.6A 2.3
24.2A 1.9
23.9A 2.0
21.0A 1.7
30.9A 2.3
24.1A 2.1
30.5A 2.2
23.2A 1.9
24.7A 2.0
21.6A 2.0
36.0A 2.3
22.9A 2.1
21.6A 2.0
19.5A 1.9
81.2A 2.0
2.5A 1.0
4.6A 0.8
11.6A 1.6
42.5A 2.5
21.0A 2.1
16.4A 2.1
20.0A 2.1
46.5B 2.6
13.7A 1.7
19.0A 2.1
20.7A 2.2
49.3B 2.6
21.2A 2.2
14.8A 1.8
14.7A 1.9
62.2B 2.5
18.5A 1.9
9.5A 1.5
9.8A 1.6
44.0B 2.6
16.0A 1.9
17.7A 1.9
22.4A 2.1
30.3B 2.6
18.5A 2.1
24.2A 2.3
26.9A 2.3
35.6B 2.6
24.6A 2.3
21.7A 2.1
18.2A 2.1
34.6B 2.5
25.6A 2.3
25.6A 2.3
14.2A 1.8
39.9B 2.5
19.9A 2.0
24.5A 2.3
15.7A 1.9
87.2A 1.9
1.9A 0.8
6.2A 1.5
4.7A 1.0
60.0A 2.1
16.8A 1.6
11.1A 1.4
12.1A 1.5
56.2A 2.2
16.7A 1.6
14.6A 1.5
12.5A 1.5
44.5A 2.3
19.4A 1.7
20.9A 1.9
15.2A 1.5
73.5A 2.0
14.9A 1.6
6.8A 1.2
4.8A 0.9
64.9A 2.1
13.7A 1.6
11.1A 1.3
10.3A 1.3
56.8A 2.3
20.4A 1.8
13.8A 1.5
9.0A 1.3
42.8A 2.2
21.7A 1.8
21.6A 1.9
13.9A 1.5
49.5A 2.3
19.9A 1.7
18.4A 1.8
12.2A 1.5
50.6A 2.2
23.2A 1.9
16.1A 1.7
10.1A 1.4
84.1A 1.7
0.8A 0.3
5.3A 1.0
9.8A 1.4
33.4A 2.3
23.2A 2.0
14.6A 1.7
28.8A 2.3
32.0A 2.3
19.4A 1.9
22.3A 2.0
26.3A 2.2
32.1A 2.2
29.7A 2.3
20.5A 1.9
17.6A 1.9
59.5A 2.4
19.1A 2.0
10.5A 1.4
10.8A 1.5
41.8A 2.4
15.3A 1.8
19.1A 1.9
23.8A 2.0
17.8A 1.8
16.4A 1.7
27.7A 2.2
38.1A 2.3
23.6A 2.0
27.5A 2.1
27.2A 2.1
21.7A 2.0
30.5A 2.3
24.2A 2.1
27.0A 2.1
18.2A 1.8
37.2A 2.3
23.1A 2.1
21.1A 1.8
18.7A 1.9
83.2A 1.8
1.2A 0.4
7.1A 1.4
8.5A 1.3
40.2A 2.3
16.4A 1.8
15.4A 1.8
28.0A 2.1
35.7A 2.3
17.1A 2.0
19.0A 1.9
28.2A 2.1
42.9A 2.4
24.0A 2.1
23.1A 2.2
9.9A 1.5
63.5A 2.4
14.8A 1.7
13.0A 1.8
8.7A 1.2
53.4A 2.5
14.7A 1.7
16.0A 1.7
15.8A 1.8
26.4A 2.1
22.2A 2.0
27.1A 2.1
24.3A 2.1
36.4A 2.3
29.3A 2.3
21.5A 2.1
12.8A 1.7
34.5A 2.3
21.1A 2.1
26.2A 2.2
18.2A 1.9
41.1A 2.4
29.0A 2.4
18.5A 1.8
11.4A 1.6
84.5A 1.7
1.8A 0.7
6.8A 1.2
7.0A 1.2
61.6A 2.1
14.9A 1.6
11.4A 1.4
12.1A 1.4
57.8A 2.1
14.4A 1.5
12.9A 1.4
14.8A 1.6
44.3A 2.2
24.1A 2.0
15.6A 1.7
16.1A 1.7
73.4A 1.9
15.1A 1.6
6.8A 1.2
4.7A 0.7
46.5A 2.3
16.8A 1.7
15.0A 1.7
21.6A 1.9
46.6A 2.1
20.9A 1.8
18.1A 1.7
14.3A 1.5
40.2A 2.2
23.1A 1.8
21.2A 1.9
15.5A 1.6
36.6A 2.2
23.6A 1.9
19.0A 1.8
20.8A 1.8
49.4A 2.1
23.0A 1.8
16.9A 1.6
10.7A 1.3
84.1A 1.7
2.7A 0.8
5.7A 1.1
7.5A 1.1
Tourism 35.6A 2.3
24.2A 2.1
15.2A 1.7
25.0A 2.0
33.4A 2.3
20.1A 2.0
21.8A 2.0
24.7A 2.0
31.5A 2.2
28.3A 2.1
21.4A 2.0
18.8A 2.0
59.0A 2.3
20.8A 2.0
10.5A 1.4
9.7A 1.3
42.8A 2.4
15.1A 1.7
19.3A 1.9
22.8A 1.9
19.7A 1.9
17.5A 1.7
26.9A 2.2
35.9A 2.2
25.1A 2.0
27.0A 2.0
26.9A 2.1
21.0A 2.0
32.5A 2.3
25.8A 2.1
25.3A 2.0
16.3A 1.6
35.5A 2.2
25.7A 2.1
21.0A 1.9
17.7A 1.9
81.1A 2.0
1.3A 0.4
8.4A 1.5
9.1A 1.4
Information and 60.7B 3.2
17.0A 2.3
10.6A 1.9
11.7A 2.2
60.9B 3.2
12.7A 2.2
13.6A 2.1
12.8A 2.3
45.8B 3.3
20.1B 2.7
17.9A 2.4
16.3A 2.4
70.3B 3.0
15.9A 2.4
5.6A 1.5
8.2A 1.7
67.0B 3.1
14.2A 2.3
8.2A 1.4
10.6A 2.3
57.4B 3.3
18.7A 2.3
16.0B 2.5
8.0A 1.9
35.2B 3.2
19.7B 2.6
26.5B 2.8
18.5A 2.5
47.5B 3.3
24.3B 2.8
20.1B 2.7
8.1A 1.5
55.4B 3.2
15.9A 2.2
14.0A 1.9
14.7A 2.4
81.5A 2.3
0.5A 0.4
5.9A 1.3
12.0A 2.0
Knowledge-Based Industries 55.9C 5.1
22.5B 4.2
12.4B 3.4
9.3B 2.9
60.2C 5.0
15.9B 3.4
14.9B 3.7
9.0B 2.9
45.3C 5.3
21.1B 4.0
15.8B 3.7
17.8B 3.9
69.2B 4.9
14.4B 3.5
9.0B 3.3
7.5B 2.7
68.9B 4.5
13.5B 3.2
5.0A 1.5
12.5B 3.3
51.0C 5.2
22.4B 4.3
13.6B 3.5
13.0B 3.4
38.2C 5.2
24.5B 4.5
24.4B 4.5
12.8B 3.1
51.9C 5.2
12.5B 2.6
20.9B 4.1
14.7B 3.9
48.7C 5.3
25.7B 4.4
14.7B 3.6
10.9B 3.2
77.4B 4.4
1.7A 0.9
5.8A 2.3
15.2B 4.0
Rural 47.1A 1.8
19.2A 1.3
13.8A 1.2
19.9A 1.4
44.4A 1.8
17.3A 1.2
18.1A 1.4
20.1A 1.4
40.5A 1.7
25.0A 1.5
20.0A 1.3
14.5A 1.3
62.8A 1.7
20.7A 1.4
8.5A 0.9
8.0A 1.0
42.0A 1.8
16.9A 1.3
18.2A 1.2
22.8A 1.5
29.1A 1.7
20.7A 1.4
26.5A 1.5
23.7A 1.5
43.3A 1.8
25.1A 1.5
18.6A 1.3
13.1A 1.2
38.3A 1.8
22.6A 1.5
23.4A 1.5
15.7A 1.3
42.1A 1.7
21.2A 1.4
22.2A 1.4
14.5A 1.3
81.3A 1.3
1.7A 0.3
5.1A 0.8
11.9A 1.1
Urban 50.7A 0.9
18.5A 0.7
13.2A 0.6
17.6A 0.7
46.3A 0.9
17.8A 0.7
17.3A 0.7
18.6A 0.7
39.6A 0.9
24.0A 0.8
20.4A 0.8
16.0A 0.7
66.7A 0.9
16.9A 0.7
8.7A 0.5
7.7A 0.5
51.6A 0.9
15.3A 0.7
15.2A 0.7
17.9A 0.7
36.8A 0.9
20.3A 0.7
23.9A 0.8
19.0A 0.7
32.9A 0.9
24.3A 0.8
25.2A 0.8
17.7A 0.7
36.4A 0.9
23.4A 0.8
23.3A 0.8
16.9A 0.7
42.2A 0.9
24.5A 0.8
18.7A 0.7
14.6A 0.6
83.6A 0.7
1.8A 0.3
5.7A 0.5
8.9A 0.5
Exporter 50.0A 2.2
19.9A 1.6
15.3A 1.5
14.8A 1.4
45.8A 2.2
20.1A 1.7
18.3A 1.7
15.8A 1.5
37.7A 2.3
23.7A 1.7
22.1A 1.8
16.5A 1.6
63.1A 2.1
19.6A 1.7
9.6A 1.4
7.7A 1.1
51.3A 2.3
18.0A 1.6
14.0A 1.4
16.6A 1.8
37.6A 2.3
24.1A 1.7
21.4A 1.7
16.9A 1.5
33.5A 2.2
25.5A 1.8
25.0A 1.9
15.9A 1.6
38.5A 2.3
25.5A 1.9
21.4A 1.7
14.6A 1.7
39.0A 2.2
26.0A 1.9
19.8A 1.6
15.2A 1.7
78.9A 2.0
3.6A 1.3
5.2A 0.8
12.3A 1.6
Non-exporter 50.0A 0.9
18.5A 0.7
13.0A 0.6
18.5A 0.7
46.0A 0.9
17.4A 0.7
17.4A 0.7
19.3A 0.7
40.1A 0.9
24.3A 0.8
20.1A 0.7
15.6A 0.6
66.4A 0.8
17.4A 0.7
8.5A 0.5
7.7A 0.5
49.5A 0.9
15.3A 0.6
16.1A 0.6
19.1A 0.7
35.0A 0.8
19.9A 0.7
24.8A 0.7
20.4A 0.7
35.1A 0.8
24.3A 0.7
23.7A 0.7
16.9A 0.7
36.6A 0.9
23.0A 0.8
23.5A 0.8
16.9A 0.7
42.6A 0.9
23.6A 0.8
19.3A 0.7
14.5A 0.6
83.7A 0.6
1.5A 0.2
5.7A 0.4
9.1A 0.5
High Growth Fi rms (20% or more growth per year) 44.5B 3.0
18.4A 2.2
17.6B 2.5
19.6A 2.4
41.9B 3.0
19.2A 2.4
20.1B 2.7
18.8A 2.1
40.2B 3.1
22.6A 2.4
25.1B 2.7
12.1A 2.0
59.4B 3.0
17.9A 2.3
12.8A 2.0
9.9A 1.6
49.5B 3.1
16.6A 2.1
16.4A 2.3
17.5A 2.4
38.6B 3.0
19.3A 2.3
26.4B 2.8
15.6A 2.1
37.3B 3.0
23.7B 2.6
25.1B 2.7
13.8A 2.2
36.4B 3.0
22.5B 2.5
20.9A 2.4
20.2B 2.7
40.0B 3.1
24.4B 2.6
19.1A 2.2
16.5A 2.2
85.1A 2.2
0.6A 0.4
4.1A 1.1
10.3A 1.9
38.6B 2.5
21.7A 2.3
17.0A 1.9
22.8A 2.1
37.7B 2.6
18.8A 2.1
19.7A 2.0
23.8A 2.1
40.8B 2.6
26.9A 2.2
18.0A 1.9
14.3A 1.8
62.5B 2.6
22.4A 2.4
8.5A 1.2
6.5A 1.1
47.2B 2.6
21.2A 2.2
14.9A 1.8
16.8A 2.0
37.8B 2.6
25.6A 2.1
20.5A 2.1
16.1A 1.8
33.5A 2.4
28.1A 2.3
23.6A 2.1
14.8A 1.9
34.1B 2.6
26.2A 2.3
24.5A 2.1
15.1A 1.9
39.3B 2.5
27.0A 2.3
20.9A 2.0
12.9A 1.8
78.0A 2.5
2.2A 1.2
7.9A 1.8
12.0A 1.7
Slow Growth Fi rms (1% to 10% growth per year) 46.9A 1.2
20.8A 1.0
13.8A 0.9
18.5A 1.0
41.9A 1.2
20.3A 1.0
18.8A 1.0
19.0A 1.0
40.1A 1.2
26.0A 1.1
20.6A 1.0
13.3A 0.8
68.4A 1.1
18.1A 0.9
7.5A 0.6
6.1A 0.5
48.4A 1.3
15.6A 0.9
18.5A 1.0
17.4A 0.9
32.4A 1.2
22.5A 1.0
25.2A 1.0
19.9A 1.0
35.0A 1.2
27.3A 1.1
23.4A 1.0
14.3A 0.8
34.2A 1.2
25.2A 1.1
24.6A 1.1
16.0A 0.9
43.5A 1.2
25.5A 1.1
19.7A 1.0
11.3A 0.7
84.8A 0.9
2.0A 0.3
4.7A 0.5
8.5A 0.7
No Growth Fi rms (0% growth per year) 58.0A 2.0
16.4A 1.5
10.5A 1.2
15.1A 1.4
54.5A 2.0
12.2A 1.2
15.9A 1.5
17.4A 1.6
43.7A 2.0
22.2A 1.7
18.9A 1.6
15.2A 1.5
70.6A 1.9
14.1A 1.4
7.8A 1.0
7.5A 1.1
56.1A 2.0
12.0A 1.3
13.2A 1.3
18.8A 1.6
40.6A 2.0
15.5A 1.4
23.9A 1.7
20.0A 1.5
40.3A 2.0
18.9A 1.5
21.4A 1.6
19.5A 1.7
44.0A 2.0
19.0A 1.6
19.7A 1.6
17.3A 1.6
46.2A 2.0
20.1A 1.7
16.3A 1.4
17.3A 1.6
84.0A 1.5
2.1A 0.7
5.4A 0.9
8.5A 1.0
59.4A 2.4
12.7A 1.5
11.0A 1.6
16.9A 1.9
57.3A 2.4
13.1A 1.7
12.2A 1.5
17.3A 1.9
34.6A 2.5
16.4A 1.7
21.0A 2.1
28.0A 2.2
64.1A 2.3
15.1A 1.7
9.5A 1.5
11.4A 1.6
47.6A 2.5
12.6A 1.5
12.7A 1.7
27.0A 2.2
35.1A 2.4
14.6A 1.9
24.7A 2.1
25.5A 2.1
30.1A 2.3
20.8A 2.0
25.0A 2.2
24.1A 2.0
39.9A 2.4
20.4A 2.1
22.5A 2.1
17.3A 1.8
40.1A 2.4
21.0A 2.0
19.2A 2.0
19.6A 1.9
77.6A 2.0
1.7A 0.7
7.1A 1.3
13.6A 1.5
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 54.4A 2.5
17.5A 1.8
12.1A 1.5
16.0A 1.9
46.6B 2.5
19.8A 2.1
16.7A 1.7
16.9A 1.8
36.1A 2.3
28.9A 2.3
19.4A 2.0
15.6A 1.8
60.6A 2.5
20.5A 2.1
9.7A 1.6
9.1A 1.1
49.9B 2.5
18.3A 1.9
13.3A 1.6
18.5A 2.0
32.6A 2.3
23.1A 2.2
23.8A 2.2
20.6A 2.0
31.0A 2.3
24.0A 2.1
27.7A 2.2
17.3A 2.0
34.1A 2.4
24.6A 2.1
24.9A 2.2
16.4A 1.9
38.2A 2.4
23.2A 2.1
22.1A 2.1
16.4A 1.9
86.8A 1.7
0.9A 0.3
5.8A 1.1
6.5A 1.4
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 49.6A 1.5
19.0A 1.2
14.2A 1.1
17.2A 1.1
44.2A 1.5
18.9A 1.2
18.8A 1.2
18.1A 1.1
40.8A 1.5
23.4A 1.3
21.0A 1.3
14.7A 1.1
62.8A 1.5
17.3A 1.1
10.4A 0.9
9.5A 0.8
51.8A 1.6
14.7A 1.1
16.3A 1.1
17.1A 1.1
38.4A 1.5
18.6A 1.2
22.8A 1.3
20.1A 1.2
34.3A 1.5
22.8A 1.2
25.5A 1.4
17.5A 1.2
37.7A 1.6
20.2A 1.2
24.8A 1.4
17.3A 1.2
39.7A 1.5
25.7A 1.4
18.3A 1.1
16.3A 1.1
84.5A 1.1
1.2A 0.4
6.0A 0.8
8.3A 0.8
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 50.4A 1.6
18.9A 1.3
12.8A 1.1
17.9A 1.3
47.6A 1.6
17.3A 1.2
16.1A 1.1
18.9A 1.3
40.1A 1.6
23.6A 1.3
19.4A 1.3
16.9A 1.2
66.7A 1.5
19.2A 1.3
7.2A 0.7
7.0A 0.8
49.5A 1.6
16.4A 1.2
14.2A 1.1
19.9A 1.3
36.0A 1.6
19.8A 1.3
24.7A 1.3
19.5A 1.3
33.6A 1.5
27.5A 1.4
22.5A 1.3
16.4A 1.2
36.1A 1.5
24.1A 1.4
21.7A 1.3
18.1A 1.3
42.7A 1.6
24.6A 1.5
19.1A 1.2
13.6A 1.0
82.6A 1.2
1.6A 0.4
6.0A 0.8
9.9A 0.9
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 48.8A 1.4
18.4A 1.0
13.1A 0.9
19.7A 1.1
46.2A 1.4
16.1A 0.9
17.4A 1.0
20.2A 1.2
39.5A 1.4
24.1A 1.1
20.6A 1.1
15.8A 1.0
70.4A 1.2
15.8A 1.0
7.7A 0.7
6.0A 0.7
47.6A 1.4
15.1A 0.9
17.3A 1.1
20.0A 1.1
32.2A 1.3
21.9A 1.1
26.0A 1.2
19.9A 1.1
37.8A 1.4
23.7A 1.1
22.2A 1.1
16.3A 1.0
37.1A 1.3
25.4A 1.2
22.5A 1.1
15.0A 1.0
45.7A 1.4
21.5A 1.1
19.8A 1.1
13.0A 1.0
81.0A 1.1
2.8A 0.5
4.9A 0.6
11.3A 0.9
44.2A 1.9
19.1A 1.5
13.7A 1.2
23.0A 1.7
39.5A 1.9
18.8A 1.5
20.6A 1.6
21.0A 1.5
36.3A 1.9
23.3A 1.6
23.8A 1.7
16.5A 1.5
57.4A 1.9
19.6A 1.6
11.5A 1.2
11.6A 1.1
41.5A 1.9
17.9A 1.5
16.7A 1.4
23.9A 1.7
29.8A 1.8
20.6A 1.5
27.1A 1.8
22.5A 1.6
28.9A 1.8
27.2A 1.7
24.4A 1.7
19.5A 1.6
31.4A 1.8
25.0A 1.7
24.5A 1.6
19.1A 1.6
32.9A 1.9
24.0A 1.7
23.9A 1.7
19.2A 1.5
76.6A 1.8
2.9A 1.0
5.6A 0.8
14.9A 1.5
40.4A 2.2
18.9A 1.7
15.1A 1.5
25.6A 2.0
36.4A 2.2
20.8A 1.8
19.8A 1.8
23.0A 1.9
35.6A 2.2
25.4A 1.9
21.8A 1.9
17.2A 1.7
58.2A 2.2
19.9A 1.8
10.6A 1.3
11.3A 1.4
41.4A 2.2
18.2A 1.8
16.8A 1.6
23.5A 1.9
28.9A 2.1
20.0A 1.7
29.2A 2.0
21.9A 1.9
30.2A 2.1
26.6A 2.0
24.5A 2.0
18.7A 1.8
30.2A 2.0
25.3A 1.9
24.3A 2.0
20.2A 1.9
29.9A 2.0
24.8A 2.0
25.1A 2.0
20.2A 1.9
77.7A 1.9
1.3A 0.4
6.5A 1.1
14.5A 1.7
39.0A 2.3
19.4A 1.8
18.2A 1.9
23.5A 2.1
33.8A 2.3
20.1A 1.8
22.5A 2.0
23.6A 2.0
35.3A 2.2
26.9A 2.1
22.3A 1.9
15.5A 1.7
54.9A 2.4
22.7A 2.0
12.0A 1.6
10.4A 1.4
42.6A 2.3
16.8A 1.7
16.1A 1.6
24.6A 2.1
31.5A 2.3
18.5A 1.6
27.6A 2.1
22.4A 1.9
29.5A 2.1
27.4A 2.1
26.4A 2.1
16.7A 1.8
29.4A 2.1
26.9A 2.1
25.9A 2.0
17.8A 1.8
28.1A 2.0
27.6A 2.3
22.8A 1.9
21.5A 2.0
78.4A 2.0
1.4A 0.8
6.4A 1.1
13.8A 1.8
45.6A 2.3
21.0A 1.8
12.9A 1.5
20.5A 1.8
37.9A 2.2
19.9A 1.8
18.3A 1.7
24.0A 1.9
31.7A 2.1
26.2A 2.0
23.6A 1.9
18.5A 1.8
52.5A 2.3
23.2A 2.0
11.1A 1.3
13.3A 1.4
40.7A 2.2
20.3A 1.9
15.3A 1.5
23.7A 2.0
29.3A 2.2
20.4A 1.7
28.4A 2.1
21.8A 1.8
25.5A 2.0
24.8A 2.0
26.6A 1.9
23.1A 2.0
29.1A 2.1
25.6A 2.0
25.9A 1.9
19.5A 1.9
29.1A 2.1
22.9A 2.0
24.0A 1.9
24.0A 2.0
78.2A 2.0
2.0A 0.8
5.3A 0.9
14.5A 1.8
43.5A 1.5
20.0A 1.2
14.5A 1.0
22.0A 1.2
38.1A 1.5
20.2A 1.2
20.0A 1.2
21.8A 1.2
35.0A 1.4
25.1A 1.3
23.3A 1.3
16.7A 1.1
58.3A 1.5
20.5A 1.2
11.5A 1.0
9.8A 0.8
43.7A 1.5
17.3A 1.1
16.4A 1.1
22.6A 1.3
29.1A 1.4
21.3A 1.2
28.1A 1.3
21.5A 1.2
28.1A 1.3
27.0A 1.3
25.3A 1.3
19.5A 1.2
31.4A 1.4
25.1A 1.3
24.7A 1.3
18.8A 1.2
32.4A 1.4
24.5A 1.3
24.0A 1.3
19.0A 1.2
78.8A 1.3
2.2A 0.6
5.8A 0.6
13.3A 1.1
53.5A 1.0
17.6A 0.8
12.9A 0.7
15.9A 0.7
50.0A 1.0
16.5A 0.8
16.2A 0.7
17.3A 0.8
43.0A 1.0
23.5A 0.9
18.9A 0.8
14.6A 0.7
69.5A 0.9
16.3A 0.8
7.4A 0.5
6.7A 0.5
53.4A 1.0
14.6A 0.7
15.2A 0.7
16.9A 0.8
39.4A 1.0
19.6A 0.8
23.0A 0.8
18.0A 0.8
39.4A 1.0
23.1A 0.8
22.7A 0.9
14.7A 0.7
40.3A 1.0
22.1A 0.9
22.4A 0.9
15.2A 0.8
46.9A 1.0
23.6A 0.9
17.2A 0.7
12.3A 0.7
84.8A 0.7
1.7A 0.2
5.5A 0.5
8.0A 0.5
Holds IP 49.4A 1.6
19.6A 1.2
15.2A 1.1
15.8A 1.1
40.9A 1.6
21.2A 1.3
21.5A 1.3
16.4A 1.1
38.6A 1.6
24.5A 1.3
20.6A 1.3
16.3A 1.2
61.9A 1.6
19.8A 1.3
10.1A 1.0
8.2A 0.8
47.2A 1.6
15.9A 1.1
16.5A 1.2
20.5A 1.4
36.0A 1.6
22.3A 1.3
25.0A 1.4
16.7A 1.1
31.2A 1.5
26.7A 1.4
25.1A 1.3
17.0A 1.2
33.8A 1.5
26.1A 1.4
23.0A 1.3
17.1A 1.3
35.9A 1.5
26.4A 1.4
21.6A 1.3
16.0A 1.2
79.8A 1.3
2.5A 0.7
6.1A 0.7
11.5A 1.0
Holds Formal IP 41.4A 2.3
23.2A 2.1
15.5A 1.6
19.9A 2.0
30.8A 2.1
25.7A 2.2
25.0A 2.2
18.5A 1.9
32.7A 2.2
26.4A 2.0
22.5A 2.1
18.3A 2.0
55.3A 2.4
20.3A 2.0
13.6A 1.8
10.8A 1.6
47.3A 2.4
14.9A 1.6
16.5A 1.8
21.3A 2.0
27.0A 2.2
21.5A 1.8
31.2A 2.3
20.3A 1.9
28.2A 2.2
25.7A 2.1
28.0A 2.1
18.1A 1.9
30.7A 2.2
28.9A 2.2
20.9A 1.8
19.5A 2.1
33.1A 2.2
25.5A 2.1
20.9A 1.8
20.4A 2.1
78.0A 2.1
1.7A 0.4
6.1A 1.1
14.1A 1.9
No IP 50.8A 1.0
17.9A 0.8
12.8A 0.7
18.5A 0.8
48.3A 1.0
16.4A 0.8
15.9A 0.7
19.5A 0.8
41.2A 1.0
23.8A 0.9
20.1A 0.8
14.9A 0.7
67.6A 0.9
16.8A 0.7
8.2A 0.5
7.5A 0.5
51.5A 1.0
15.3A 0.7
15.2A 0.7
18.0A 0.8
36.3A 1.0
19.3A 0.8
24.4A 0.8
20.0A 0.8
37.6A 1.0
23.5A 0.8
23.0A 0.9
15.9A 0.7
38.9A 1.0
21.8A 0.8
23.1A 0.9
16.1A 0.7
44.8A 1.0
23.0A 0.9
18.5A 0.7
13.8A 0.7
84.1A 0.7
1.5A 0.2
5.4A 0.5
9.0A 0.6
Fami l iar with at least one type of IP 49.6A 1.0
18.1A 0.7
14.1A 0.7
18.1A 0.7
44.4A 0.9
17.6A 0.7
19.1A 0.8
18.9A 0.8
39.0A 1.0
23.8A 0.8
21.3A 0.8
15.9A 0.7
64.4A 0.9
18.4A 0.7
9.4A 0.6
7.8A 0.5
48.6A 1.0
15.6A 0.7
16.5A 0.7
19.3A 0.8
35.4A 0.9
21.0A 0.8
24.7A 0.8
18.9A 0.7
34.7A 0.9
24.4A 0.8
24.0A 0.8
16.8A 0.7
35.8A 0.9
24.5A 0.8
23.2A 0.8
16.5A 0.7
40.7A 0.9
24.2A 0.8
20.1A 0.7
15.0A 0.7
82.4A 0.7
1.6A 0.2
5.9A 0.5
10.1A 0.6
Not fami l iar with any type of IP 53.3A 1.8
19.0A 1.4
11.0A 1.1
16.7A 1.3
53.0A 1.8
17.8A 1.4
11.2A 1.0
18.0A 1.3
45.7A 1.8
24.6A 1.6
16.5A 1.3
13.2A 1.2
71.6A 1.6
14.9A 1.3
6.4A 0.8
7.1A 0.8
56.3A 1.8
14.8A 1.3
12.3A 1.2
16.6A 1.3
39.1A 1.8
17.1A 1.2
24.1A 1.5
19.7A 1.4
40.0A 1.8
24.0A 1.6
21.8A 1.5
14.2A 1.2
43.6A 1.8
17.8A 1.3
22.7A 1.6
15.9A 1.3
48.3A 1.8
22.7A 1.5
16.8A 1.3
12.1A 1.2
85.0A 1.4
2.5A 0.8
4.4A 0.7
8.1A 1.0
Procurement Did bus iness with Federa l government 31.9B 2.6
27.8A 2.5
22.4A 2.3
18.0A 2.3
30.7A 2.5
25.1A 2.4
28.2B 2.5
16.0A 2.2
32.2B 2.6
26.4A 2.4
23.5A 2.3
17.9A 2.1
63.5B 2.7
22.0A 2.4
9.3A 1.7
5.2A 1.1
47.7B 2.8
19.3A 2.3
16.1A 1.9
16.8A 2.2
32.5B 2.6
28.3B 2.5
24.6A 2.3
14.6A 2.1
19.6A 2.2
28.4B 2.6
34.0B 2.6
18.0A 2.2
27.5A 2.4
27.9A 2.5
31.2B 2.6
13.4A 1.9
33.0B 2.7
26.2A 2.3
27.7B 2.6
13.1A 1.9
81.7A 2.2
2.8A 0.7
7.0A 1.5
8.5A 1.6
<30 years old 44.0C 6.0
25.2C 6.0
15.7B 3.8
15.1B 4.7
32.1C 5.6
28.9C 6.1
28.6C 5.4
10.4B 2.8
33.6C 5.2
27.2C 5.4
24.2C 6.0
15.0B 5.0
59.5C 5.8
23.0C 5.2
7.8A 2.2
9.7B 2.8
45.4C 6.2
16.6B 3.5
13.6B 3.4
24.4C 5.5
22.0C 5.1
21.9C 5.3
37.1C 6.1
19.0B 4.0
27.1C 5.6
25.9C 5.2
24.3B 4.4
22.7C 6.0
38.6C 6.1
29.1C 6.2
22.5B 4.4
9.9A 2.4
36.5C 6.2
29.1C 6.0
22.6B 4.3
11.8B 2.8
87.6B 3.0
0.1A 0.1
6.5A 2.2
5.7A 2.0
30 to 39 years old 45.7A 2.3
22.6A 1.7
13.9A 1.6
17.8A 1.8
40.9A 2.2
19.1A 1.7
20.1A 1.8
19.9A 1.8
35.0A 2.2
27.7A 2.0
21.5A 1.9
15.8A 1.7
60.4A 2.2
21.0A 1.8
9.6A 1.2
9.0A 1.1
47.8A 2.3
17.0A 1.6
17.3A 1.6
17.9A 1.8
31.6A 2.1
18.8A 1.6
26.8A 2.0
22.7A 1.9
33.2A 2.2
25.3A 1.8
25.5A 1.9
16.0A 1.7
34.3A 2.2
22.4A 1.8
26.0A 2.0
17.4A 1.8
38.8A 2.3
27.4A 2.1
19.1A 1.5
14.7A 1.5
83.9A 1.6
1.4A 0.6
5.4A 1.0
9.3A 1.3
40 to 49 years old 46.3A 1.7
18.3A 1.3
14.2A 1.1
21.2A 1.4
41.0A 1.6
18.8A 1.3
18.6A 1.3
21.7A 1.4
37.7A 1.6
24.0A 1.3
21.0A 1.3
17.2A 1.3
61.2A 1.6
19.6A 1.3
10.2A 0.9
9.0A 0.9
48.4A 1.7
15.7A 1.2
15.1A 1.1
20.8A 1.4
31.8A 1.6
24.4A 1.5
24.0A 1.4
19.7A 1.2
31.1A 1.6
26.5A 1.5
25.6A 1.4
16.8A 1.2
30.5A 1.5
24.5A 1.4
25.1A 1.4
19.9A 1.4
35.5A 1.6
24.5A 1.4
21.3A 1.3
18.8A 1.3
82.9A 1.3
1.0A 0.2
6.2A 0.9
9.9A 1.0
50 to 64 years old 51.1A 1.2
18.1A 0.9
12.9A 0.8
17.8A 0.9
48.0A 1.2
16.6A 0.9
17.0A 0.8
18.3A 0.9
40.0A 1.2
24.2A 1.0
20.2A 1.0
15.6A 0.8
67.3A 1.1
16.9A 0.9
8.5A 0.7
7.4A 0.6
49.5A 1.2
15.7A 0.8
15.9A 0.9
18.8A 0.9
35.8A 1.2
18.8A 0.9
24.6A 1.0
20.9A 1.0
34.5A 1.2
24.0A 1.0
23.7A 1.1
17.8A 0.9
37.5A 1.2
22.8A 1.0
23.2A 1.0
16.5A 0.9
43.8A 1.2
23.4A 1.0
19.0A 0.9
13.8A 0.8
83.0A 0.9
1.9A 0.3
5.4A 0.5
9.7A 0.7
65+ years old 59.0A 2.2
16.0A 1.5
11.7A 1.5
13.2A 1.5
56.0A 2.3
16.4A 1.5
12.4A 1.3
15.2A 1.8
49.5A 2.3
20.4A 1.9
17.2A 1.6
12.8A 1.4
78.1A 1.8
12.0A 1.4
5.3A 1.0
4.7A 0.9
55.8A 2.3
13.4A 1.5
15.4A 1.9
15.4A 1.7
46.3A 2.3
19.5A 1.8
20.2A 1.8
13.9A 1.3
47.1A 2.3
20.5A 1.9
19.4A 1.7
13.0A 1.4
49.6A 2.3
22.4A 1.9
16.9A 1.8
11.1A 1.5
54.5A 2.3
19.6A 1.7
16.7A 1.8
9.2A 1.4
82.6A 1.8
3.4A 1.1
5.5A 1.1
8.5A 1.1
Less than high school 47.5B 3.2
16.8A 2.4
15.2A 2.2
20.5B 2.7
40.7B 3.2
16.2A 2.4
21.9B 2.7
21.2B 2.6
45.1B 3.2
19.7B 2.6
19.1A 2.4
16.0A 2.2
64.4B 3.0
19.6B 2.5
5.8A 1.4
10.3A 1.7
48.1B 3.2
13.2A 1.9
18.1A 2.4
20.6A 2.5
30.5B 3.1
18.9A 2.3
26.2B 2.8
24.4B 2.9
38.7B 3.1
20.7A 2.4
21.6B 2.7
19.1B 2.6
40.3B 3.2
21.1B 2.7
23.4B 2.8
15.1A 2.0
43.2B 3.2
22.1B 2.6
21.2B 2.6
13.4A 2.1
85.9A 2.3
1.5A 0.7
5.0A 1.6
7.6A 1.6
High school 46.6A 1.7
18.8A 1.3
14.8A 1.3
19.9A 1.4
45.8A 1.7
17.5A 1.4
16.0A 1.2
20.7A 1.4
39.5A 1.7
25.0A 1.4
18.8A 1.4
16.6A 1.3
66.2A 1.6
17.2A 1.3
8.4A 1.0
8.2A 1.0
50.0A 1.7
15.6A 1.2
16.4A 1.3
18.0A 1.3
32.2A 1.6
18.0A 1.3
26.2A 1.5
23.6A 1.5
34.9A 1.7
25.0A 1.5
25.0A 1.5
15.1A 1.2
35.5A 1.7
23.9A 1.5
22.9A 1.4
17.7A 1.3
41.9A 1.7
22.6A 1.4
20.5A 1.4
15.0A 1.2
84.0A 1.3
1.9A 0.5
5.9A 0.9
8.2A 0.9
Col lege/Cegep/Trade School 47.0A 1.5
20.3A 1.2
13.4A 1.0
19.3A 1.1
42.3A 1.5
18.2A 1.1
19.1A 1.2
20.4A 1.1
38.0A 1.4
24.2A 1.2
22.3A 1.3
15.5A 1.0
63.5A 1.4
18.8A 1.2
9.6A 0.9
8.2A 0.8
48.4A 1.5
16.5A 1.1
15.5A 1.0
19.5A 1.2
31.9A 1.4
21.7A 1.2
26.0A 1.3
20.4A 1.1
34.8A 1.5
26.5A 1.3
22.4A 1.2
16.3A 1.1
34.3A 1.4
22.1A 1.2
27.0A 1.3
16.6A 1.1
39.1A 1.5
26.7A 1.3
19.4A 1.1
14.8A 1.0
82.0A 1.2
1.5A 0.3
6.3A 0.8
10.1A 0.9
Bachelor's degree 52.2A 1.6
17.9A 1.1
13.4A 1.0
16.6A 1.2
46.2A 1.6
18.6A 1.2
18.0A 1.1
17.2A 1.2
35.0A 1.6
25.7A 1.4
21.5A 1.3
17.9A 1.3
65.6A 1.5
18.0A 1.2
9.3A 0.9
7.0A 0.7
49.8A 1.6
16.2A 1.2
15.0A 1.1
18.9A 1.3
36.7A 1.6
22.4A 1.3
22.1A 1.3
18.9A 1.2
31.3A 1.6
23.2A 1.3
26.5A 1.4
19.0A 1.3
37.3A 1.6
24.3A 1.3
22.1A 1.3
16.2A 1.3
40.8A 1.6
23.7A 1.4
20.1A 1.3
15.4A 1.1
82.5A 1.2
2.0A 0.7
4.5A 0.5
11.0A 1.0
Master's degree or above 58.6A 2.2
17.5A 1.8
9.8A 1.2
14.1A 1.6
55.0A 2.2
16.2A 1.7
13.9A 1.5
14.9A 1.5
49.5A 2.2
22.6A 1.9
17.2A 1.6
10.8A 1.3
71.8A 2.0
14.7A 1.6
7.4A 1.2
6.1A 1.0
52.3A 2.2
13.9A 1.5
15.9A 1.8
18.0A 1.7
46.4A 2.2
18.5A 1.7
21.8A 1.9
13.3A 1.4
39.7A 2.2
23.0A 1.9
21.6A 1.8
15.8A 1.7
41.2A 2.2
23.6A 2.0
18.5A 1.7
16.6A 1.7
50.6A 2.2
21.4A 1.8
15.3A 1.5
12.7A 1.5
84.0A 1.6
1.9A 0.5
5.8A 1.0
8.3A 1.3
In Canada 49.9A 0.9
18.7A 0.7
13.5A 0.6
18.0A 0.7
45.9A 0.9
18.2A 0.7
17.3A 0.7
18.6A 0.7
41.3A 0.9
23.7A 0.8
20.0A 0.8
15.0A 0.7
67.4A 0.9
17.2A 0.7
8.3A 0.5
7.1A 0.5
49.4A 0.9
15.4A 0.7
16.3A 0.7
18.9A 0.7
35.2A 0.9
20.8A 0.7
25.3A 0.8
18.6A 0.7
36.5A 0.9
25.4A 0.8
23.8A 0.8
14.3A 0.6
37.2A 0.9
23.9A 0.8
23.4A 0.8
15.4A 0.7
42.7A 0.9
23.7A 0.8
19.5A 0.7
14.0A 0.7
82.2A 0.7
1.8A 0.3
5.9A 0.5
10.1A 0.6
Outs ide Canada 50.4A 1.7
18.7A 1.3
12.7A 1.1
18.2A 1.2
46.1A 1.7
16.3A 1.3
18.0A 1.3
19.6A 1.3
35.3A 1.6
25.8A 1.5
21.1A 1.4
17.8A 1.3
61.7A 1.7
19.0A 1.4
9.7A 1.1
9.5A 0.9
50.7A 1.7
16.3A 1.3
14.3A 1.3
18.7A 1.3
35.4A 1.7
18.9A 1.3
21.7A 1.4
23.9A 1.4
29.9A 1.6
21.4A 1.4
24.3A 1.4
24.4A 1.5
35.5A 1.6
21.1A 1.3
22.9A 1.4
20.4A 1.5
40.7A 1.7
24.3A 1.5
18.8A 1.3
16.2A 1.2
86.1A 1.1
1.7A 0.5
4.7A 0.7
7.5A 0.8
0% 49.4A 1.1
18.0A 0.8
14.0A 0.8
18.5A 0.9
45.7A 1.1
17.6A 0.9
18.1A 0.9
18.6A 0.9
40.9A 1.1
23.9A 1.0
20.0A 0.9
15.1A 0.8
67.0A 1.1
17.0A 0.8
8.3A 0.6
7.6A 0.6
50.6A 1.2
15.3A 0.8
15.3A 0.8
18.9A 0.9
38.2A 1.1
19.5A 0.9
22.6A 0.9
19.7A 0.9
36.3A 1.1
23.8A 1.0
23.4A 1.0
16.4A 0.8
37.2A 1.1
22.1A 1.0
23.5A 1.0
17.2A 0.9
43.1A 1.1
22.8A 1.0
19.8A 0.9
14.3A 0.8
82.9A 0.9
1.8A 0.3
6.0A 0.6
9.4A 0.7
1% to 49% 49.8A 2.5
20.9A 1.9
13.7A 1.6
15.6A 1.9
46.7A 2.5
21.8A 1.9
16.0A 1.6
15.5A 1.9
38.1A 2.4
25.3A 2.1
19.4A 1.8
17.2A 1.8
63.7A 2.3
21.2A 2.0
8.8A 1.4
6.3A 1.1
42.9A 2.4
18.7A 1.9
18.6A 2.0
19.7A 1.8
31.1A 2.4
21.4A 2.0
27.6A 2.1
20.0A 1.8
30.2A 2.3
26.8A 2.2
26.5A 2.2
16.4A 1.7
35.1A 2.3
25.8A 2.2
23.8A 2.0
15.3A 1.8
40.1A 2.4
25.1A 2.1
18.3A 1.8
16.4A 2.0
82.5A 1.8
1.3A 0.4
5.4A 1.0
10.8A 1.5
50% 48.9A 1.7
21.2A 1.5
11.4A 1.0
18.4A 1.4
42.7A 1.7
18.7A 1.4
19.1A 1.4
19.6A 1.4
38.0A 1.7
23.1A 1.4
20.3A 1.4
18.7A 1.4
63.0A 1.7
19.6A 1.4
8.7A 0.9
8.6A 0.9
48.2A 1.7
15.8A 1.3
16.5A 1.3
19.5A 1.3
30.4A 1.6
21.4A 1.4
27.6A 1.6
20.7A 1.3
35.2A 1.7
24.9A 1.5
21.8A 1.4
18.1A 1.4
34.8A 1.7
26.0A 1.6
23.8A 1.4
15.4A 1.2
39.0A 1.7
25.7A 1.6
20.0A 1.4
15.4A 1.2
83.6A 1.2
1.4A 0.4
4.9A 0.7
10.1A 1.0
51% to 99% 34.8B 4.9
19.0B 3.6
17.9B 4.4
28.4B 4.9
44.6C 5.4
13.3B 3.1
18.0B 4.2
24.1B 4.1
45.3C 5.3
25.6B 4.2
20.3B 4.7
8.9A 2.0
58.8C 5.2
14.9B 3.4
16.6B 4.5
9.7B 2.5
51.9C 5.3
14.4B 3.2
16.6B 4.0
17.1B 4.0
30.8C 5.1
21.8B 4.5
27.8B 4.5
19.6B 3.7
23.9B 3.8
27.2B 4.7
34.4C 5.5
14.4B 3.2
33.0C 5.1
27.4B 4.8
20.0B 3.9
19.6B 4.1
33.2B 5.0
30.4B 4.9
18.9B 4.5
17.5B 3.5
85.0B 3.1
1.9A 1.3
7.1A 2.3
6.0A 1.8
100% 57.2A 2.3
15.5A 1.5
12.1A 1.5
15.2A 1.6
51.8A 2.3
14.3A 1.5
13.7A 1.4
20.2A 1.9
38.4A 2.3
26.2A 2.1
22.2A 1.9
13.2A 1.6
69.7A 2.1
14.7A 1.6
8.2A 1.3
7.4A 1.1
53.4A 2.3
14.6A 1.7
14.5A 1.6
17.5A 1.8
35.5A 2.3
20.9A 1.8
23.6A 2.0
20.1A 1.8
34.4A 2.2
23.6A 1.9
24.8A 2.0
17.2A 1.8
40.2A 2.3
20.7A 1.7
21.9A 1.9
17.1A 1.8
47.1A 2.3
23.3A 2.0
17.4A 1.7
12.1A 1.5
83.7A 1.7
2.8A 1.0
5.1A 0.9
8.4A 1.2
Potential
Borrowers
41.8B 3.7
16.5B 2.7
16.4B 3.0
25.3B 3.4
39.5B 3.6
15.1B 2.9
18.9B 3.1
26.4B 3.4
36.8B 3.7
17.2B 2.7
19.2B 2.9
26.8B 3.3
43.3B 3.7
18.9B 3.1
14.1A 2.5
23.8B 3.1
42.8B 3.7
12.7A 2.4
18.1B 2.9
26.4B 3.2
27.8B 3.6
17.7B 2.8
21.5B 2.9
33.0B 3.5
34.1B 3.8
18.4A 2.5
20.7B 2.9
26.8B 3.3
33.0B 3.5
19.6B 2.8
25.3B 3.3
22.1B 3.3
28.2B 3.6
15.7B 2.7
26.1B 3.2
30.0B 3.4
76.7B 3.1
1.0A 0.6
7.8A 2.1
14.5B 2.5
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
45.0C 5.1
17.8B 3.7
11.3A 2.5
25.9B 4.5
35.2C 5.0
22.5B 4.2
18.0B 3.4
24.2B 4.2
41.1B 5.0
19.0B 3.4
24.6B 4.7
15.4B 3.5
19.3B 3.8
14.4B 3.7
22.5B 4.6
43.8B 4.9
43.3C 5.0
19.3B 4.1
14.3B 3.6
23.1B 3.9
25.8B 4.5
17.2B 3.8
29.7B 4.8
27.2B 4.2
22.2B 3.6
31.8B 4.9
25.0B 4.6
21.0B 4.0
26.5B 4.6
28.6B 4.7
28.0B 4.5
16.9B 3.1
13.6B 3.1
16.8B 3.9
25.0B 4.3
44.7C 5.0
79.3B 4.4
3.0B 2.5
4.4A 1.5
13.3B 3.8
Co-operatives Co-operatives 46.0A 1.8
22.3A 1.4
18.4A 1.5
13.3A 1.3
35.5A 1.8
23.6A 1.6
23.0A 1.5
17.8A 1.5
35.4A 1.7
21.8A 1.5
22.3A 1.6
20.5A 1.5
63.3A 1.8
22.3A 1.6
8.6A 1.0
5.8A 0.9
50.6A 1.8
16.0A 1.3
20.2A 1.4
13.2A 1.4
29.9A 1.7
27.9A 1.6
26.1A 1.6
16.1A 1.4
25.3A 1.6
24.1A 1.6
30.1A 1.7
20.5A 1.5
48.1A 1.8
27.6A 1.6
19.7A 1.5
4.6A 0.9
40.8A 1.8
25.6A 1.5
19.8A 1.5
13.8A 1.3
78.3A 1.6
1.1A 0.3
5.6A 0.9
15.0A 1.4
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 41.6A 2.2
27.9A 2.0
17.9A 1.8
12.6A 1.6
35.1A 2.1
30.0A 2.0
20.3A 1.8
14.6A 1.7
33.3A 2.0
26.9A 2.0
20.2A 1.8
19.5A 1.8
61.2A 2.2
21.7A 1.8
9.8A 1.3
7.3A 1.3
44.3A 2.2
20.3A 1.8
16.1A 1.7
19.3A 1.7
27.2A 2.0
32.3A 2.1
26.3A 1.9
14.2A 1.5
21.5A 1.8
28.2A 2.0
35.0A 2.1
15.3A 1.6
31.5A 2.1
26.6A 2.0
25.4A 2.0
16.4A 1.7
39.4A 2.2
23.6A 2.0
19.2A 1.6
17.8A 1.8
80.9A 1.8
0.2A 0.2
8.0A 1.3
10.8A 1.3
Not-for-profi t 52.4A 1.4
12.7A 1.0
16.3A 1.0
18.7A 1.1
41.0A 1.4
16.7A 1.0
25.4A 1.3
17.0A 1.1
48.7A 1.4
19.9A 1.1
18.7A 1.1
12.7A 1.0
49.3A 1.4
15.9A 1.0
13.1A 1.0
21.7A 1.2
54.0A 1.4
16.9A 1.1
16.3A 1.1
12.9A 1.0
43.7A 1.4
22.6A 1.2
19.7A 1.1
14.0A 0.9
53.6A 1.4
18.4A 1.1
15.9A 1.0
12.2A 1.0
80.6A 1.2
13.7A 1.0
5.0A 0.8
0.8A 0.1
56.1A 1.4
14.6A 0.9
17.3A 1.2
12.0A 1.0
80.2A 1.1
1.1A 0.2
7.3A 0.7
11.4A 0.9
Chari ty 46.2A 1.9
24.0A 1.9
21.4A 1.5
8.4A 0.9
44.8A 2.0
27.2A 1.8
16.5A 1.1
11.5A 1.1
48.8A 2.0
24.1A 1.4
17.4A 1.7
9.7A 0.9
58.2A 1.8
12.5A 1.0
12.6A 1.0
16.7A 1.5
55.2A 2.0
18.5A 1.6
14.1A 1.5
12.1A 1.4
31.6A 1.8
24.6A 1.6
29.9A 1.7
13.9A 1.5
44.1A 1.9
25.0A 1.6
21.3A 1.7
9.6A 1.2
87.2A 1.0
10.0A 0.9
1.4A 0.2
1.4A 0.2
47.6A 1.9
21.2A 1.5
22.7A 1.9
8.5A 0.9
75.5A 1.4
3.7A 0.6
5.0A 0.4
15.8A 1.1
For-profi t 36.8B 3.5
21.8B 3.1
15.1A 2.4
26.3B 3.4
39.5B 3.6
20.1B 2.9
18.6B 2.7
21.9B 3.1
34.5B 3.6
27.1B 3.3
19.6B 2.7
18.8B 2.9
55.5B 3.7
19.6B 3.1
15.2B 2.7
9.8A 1.9
35.8B 3.5
18.6B 2.8
16.4A 2.5
29.2B 3.5
21.8B 3.2
21.5B 3.0
27.6B 3.2
29.1B 3.3
26.6B 3.3
24.7B 2.9
24.1B 3.2
24.7B 3.3
27.7B 3.2
23.1B 2.9
21.2B 2.9
28.0B 3.5
31.2B 3.5
21.1B 2.9
26.9B 3.2
20.8B 3.1
81.3B 2.8
1.0A 0.6
5.0A 1.4
12.8B 2.5
49.2A 0.9
19.1A 0.7
13.1A 0.6
18.6A 0.7
44.9A 0.9
18.1A 0.7
17.8A 0.7
19.2A 0.7
39.1A 0.9
24.4A 0.7
20.4A 0.7
16.1A 0.6
65.2A 0.8
17.9A 0.7
8.8A 0.5
8.0A 0.5
49.3A 0.9
15.6A 0.6
16.0A 0.6
19.1A 0.7
34.6A 0.8
20.5A 0.7
24.6A 0.7
20.3A 0.7
33.8A 0.8
24.3A 0.7
24.5A 0.8
17.4A 0.7
34.4A 0.9
24.2A 0.8
24.2A 0.8
17.2A 0.7
41.6A 0.9
24.2A 0.8
19.1A 0.7
15.1A 0.6
82.7A 0.7
1.7A 0.2
5.7A 0.4
9.9A 0.5
55.5A 2.2
15.7A 1.5
14.3A 1.6
14.5A 1.4
52.8A 2.2
14.9A 1.6
15.6A 1.6
16.8A 1.5
44.5A 2.3
22.9A 1.9
19.8A 1.8
12.9A 1.5
71.0A 1.9
15.9A 1.5
7.4A 1.2
5.7A 0.8
52.7A 2.3
15.6A 1.6
14.8A 1.5
16.9A 1.7
39.6A 2.3
19.7A 1.6
22.9A 1.8
17.8A 1.6
42.1A 2.3
24.9A 1.9
20.0A 1.8
13.0A 1.5
52.4A 2.2
17.0A 1.5
17.1A 1.7
13.5A 1.6
46.2A 2.3
21.9A 1.8
21.0A 1.8
10.8A 1.2
85.8A 1.6
2.3A 1.0
5.2A 1.0
6.7A 1.0
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Grow th of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries w hich make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Obstacles to business growth
Shortage of labour Recruiting and retaining skil led employees Fluctuations in consumer demand Other
Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle
Obtaining financing
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 19: Obstacles to Business GrowthSurv ey question(s):
I.3. Which of the f ollowing are obstacles to the growth of y our business?
Notes:
I.3 is applicable to all respondents.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Government regulations Rising cost of inputs Increasing competition Corporate tax rate Maintaining sufficient cash flow or managing debt
Not an obstacleA minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacleA minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle
Other Services (NAICS 81)
A major obstacle
Employment Size
Region
CMA Level
A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacleA major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacle
Information and Cultura l Industries (NAICS 51),
Real Estate and Renta l and Leas ing (NAICS 53),
Adminis trative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services (NAICS
56), Health Care and Socia l Ass is tance (NAICS 62), Arts , Enterta inment and Recreation (NAICS
71)Special industry
aggregations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Fi rms (11% to 19% growth per
Negative Growth Fi rms (Less than 0% growth per
year
Agricul ture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11), Mining and Oi l and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesa le Trade (NAICS 41)
Reta i l Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehous ing (NAICS 48-49)
Profess ional , Scienti fic and Technica l Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Did not request external financing though
external financing may have been required
Age of Business
Innovation
Activities
developed or
introduced
New or s igni ficantly improved good or serviceNew or s igni ficantly improved process or
A new organizational method in your bus iness
A new way of sel l ing your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual
Property
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Request for at least one type of debt financing
was rejected
Social Enterprises
Legal StatusIncorporatedUnincorporated
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 92.5 A 0.4 45.4 A 0.8 19.8 A 0.6 11.7 A 0.5 76.3 A 0.5 14.7 A 0.4 4.8 A 0.2 4.3 A 0.2
1 to 4 employees 91.1 A 0.6 40.8 A 1.2 17.0 A 0.8 9.9 A 0.7 76.8 A 0.8 14.8 A 0.6 4.6 A 0.3 3.7 A 0.4
5 to 19 employees 95.1 A 0.5 50.3 A 1.4 20.8 A 1.0 12.0 A 0.8 77.0 A 0.9 14.6 A 0.7 4.4 A 0.3 4.0 A 0.4
20 to 99 employees 93.1 A 0.8 51.9 A 2.0 28.1 A 1.6 17.0 A 1.1 73.3 A 1.2 14.0 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.5 6.4 A 0.6
100 to 499 employees 86.9 A 1.8 58.2 B 3.4 39.5 B 3.0 29.1 B 2.7 62.1 A 2.5 15.6 A 1.2 10.0 A 1.0 12.3 A 1.3
Atlantic 92.9 A 1.2 44.1 A 2.2 19.8 A 1.6 9.5 A 1.4 77.3 A 1.5 11.7 A 0.9 6.3 A 0.6 4.7 A 1.0
Quebec 93.1 A 0.8 43.0 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.3 10.6 A 1.2 78.3 A 1.1 14.6 A 0.9 3.5 A 0.3 3.6 A 0.5
Ontario 93.5 A 0.5 46.7 A 1.3 20.4 A 0.9 15.3 A 0.8 75.6 A 0.8 14.1 A 0.6 4.8 A 0.4 5.5 A 0.4
Northern Ontario 93.2 A 1.3 51.2 B 2.9 11.1 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.5 77.7 A 1.9 16.5 A 1.7 2.6 A 0.7 3.2 A 0.8
Southern Ontario 93.5 A 0.6 46.4 A 1.3 21.0 A 1.0 15.8 A 0.9 75.5 A 0.9 13.9 A 0.7 4.9 A 0.4 5.6 A 0.4
Prairies 91.1 A 1.0 47.7 A 1.7 19.8 A 1.2 6.2 A 0.7 76.4 A 1.2 16.9 A 1.0 4.5 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.3
Manitoba 95.4 A 1.2 45.2 B 3.6 24.1 B 2.7 8.4 A 1.6 80.5 A 2.0 11.4 A 1.6 5.2 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.8
Saskatchewan 90.6 A 2.3 55.4 B 3.5 19.4 B 2.6 4.9 A 1.3 73.8 B 2.6 19.5 A 2.3 4.7 A 1.1 1.9 A 0.8
Alberta 90.2 A 1.3 46.4 A 2.2 18.9 A 1.5 6.0 A 0.8 76.1 A 1.5 17.5 A 1.3 4.3 A 0.6 2.0 A 0.4
British Columbia and Territories 91.1 A 1.2 43.7 A 2.3 24.0 A 1.8 12.9 A 1.4 74.1 A 1.6 14.3 A 1.3 6.6 A 0.8 5.0 A 0.7
St. John's 93.5 B 3.0 49.3 D 9.0 20.0 C 7.3 5.5 B 3.0 81.7 B 3.7 10.3 A 2.2 5.9 B 2.5 2.1 A 1.4
Halifax 90.8 B 4.9 39.6 C 5.9 21.7 B 4.7 12.5 C 5.1 76.0 C 5.1 9.6 A 1.8 4.7 A 1.3 9.7 B 4.9
Quebec 95.8 A 2.0 57.3 C 6.4 15.5 B 3.9 9.3 B 3.3 75.2 B 3.7 18.3 B 2.8 2.0 A 1.0 4.5 A 1.8
Montreal 95.1 A 1.2 41.4 B 2.8 18.2 A 1.9 15.6 A 2.1 79.4 A 1.6 11.1 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.6 5.2 A 1.1
Ottawa-Gatineau 93.7 A 1.7 46.0 B 4.8 26.4 B 4.3 12.9 B 2.5 79.9 B 2.5 9.6 A 1.6 4.0 A 0.8 6.4 A 1.6
Toronto 93.4 A 1.0 43.6 A 2.1 23.2 A 1.5 19.0 A 1.5 75.3 A 1.4 12.5 A 1.1 5.7 A 0.6 6.5 A 0.8
Kingston 95.8 A 1.9 58.5 B 4.9 21.4 B 3.8 13.8 B 3.5 76.1 B 3.3 16.5 A 2.5 3.3 A 0.8 4.1 A 1.4
Hamilton 95.6 A 1.7 44.9 C 6.1 20.9 B 4.9 18.9 B 4.7 75.0 B 4.8 13.5 B 3.1 5.0 B 2.6 6.4 A 1.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 94.1 A 2.4 32.6 C 5.1 16.6 B 3.7 15.4 B 4.1 79.4 B 3.9 9.7 A 1.7 4.4 A 1.2 6.5 B 2.6
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 95.1 A 1.6 57.1 C 5.6 18.2 B 3.7 12.4 B 3.1 74.8 B 3.7 16.6 B 3.0 3.5 A 1.1 5.1 A 1.8
London 95.5 A 1.8 47.2 C 5.3 13.7 B 2.9 8.4 A 2.3 81.0 B 2.8 12.0 A 2.0 2.5 A 0.7 4.4 A 1.9
Windsor 98.7 A 0.6 50.1 C 5.9 11.7 B 2.7 24.5 C 5.3 80.3 B 3.1 11.2 A 2.2 1.6 A 0.4 6.9 A 2.2
Thunder Bay 97.5 A 1.2 47.1 C 5.2 14.6 B 3.4 9.3 B 3.2 84.0 B 2.8 12.3 B 2.7 2.0 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.7
Winnipeg 98.6 A 0.7 42.3 B 4.5 20.1 B 3.3 7.3 A 1.9 83.7 A 2.4 9.5 A 2.0 5.0 A 1.1 1.8 A 0.7
Calgary 93.3 A 1.7 38.8 B 3.7 21.8 B 2.8 8.9 A 1.9 81.4 A 2.1 9.1 A 1.2 5.7 A 1.2 3.8 A 1.2
Edmonton 90.0 B 2.7 40.3 B 4.4 20.6 B 3.4 5.0 A 1.4 76.7 B 3.4 18.0 B 3.2 3.9 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.4
Vancouver 90.6 A 1.8 40.3 B 3.2 27.7 B 2.9 19.3 B 2.6 74.5 A 2.3 10.9 A 1.5 7.9 A 1.3 6.7 A 1.2
Victoria 97.8 A 1.7 37.1 D 7.7 14.5 C 5.2 10.7 B 4.8 80.0 C 5.2 9.6 B 2.9 4.4 A 1.9 6.0 B 3.7
78.7 A 2.0 45.8 A 2.5 15.5 A 1.7 6.8 A 0.9 59.4 A 2.3 30.9 A 2.1 6.1 A 1.0 3.6 A 0.6
95.9 A 1.0 41.4 A 2.4 6.0 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.5 82.8 A 1.5 15.6 A 1.4 1.3 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.2
88.3 A 1.3 67.2 A 2.2 40.6 A 2.1 35.2 A 1.9 56.2 A 1.7 20.3 A 1.2 9.3 A 0.7 14.2 A 1.1
88.0 A 1.5 67.0 A 2.2 50.0 A 2.3 24.0 A 1.9 50.8 A 1.8 23.9 A 1.3 15.9 A 1.1 9.4 A 1.1
97.3 A 0.9 52.1 A 2.4 22.3 A 2.0 10.4 A 1.6 82.5 A 1.4 10.4 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.5 3.5 A 1.0
83.9 A 2.0 47.4 B 2.6 24.8 A 2.2 19.4 A 2.0 64.8 A 2.2 18.3 A 1.7 8.1 A 1.1 8.8 A 1.1
87.9 A 1.4 51.9 A 2.2 28.3 A 2.0 20.4 A 1.7 68.1 A 1.8 16.9 A 1.4 7.2 A 0.9 7.8 A 1.0
98.7 A 0.4 33.0 A 2.2 15.9 A 1.7 5.3 A 0.8 89.1 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.7 2.6 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3
97.9 A 0.7 43.1 A 2.4 14.1 A 1.6 5.0 A 0.9 87.7 A 1.1 9.8 A 0.9 1.7 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.2
95.0 A 0.8 33.5 A 2.1 13.5 A 1.5 8.7 A 1.4 84.7 A 1.2 9.4 A 0.9 3.3 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.5
Tourism 97.5 A 0.7 36.3 A 2.3 17.3 A 1.8 9.5 A 1.6 86.4 A 1.3 8.2 A 0.9 2.9 A 0.4 2.5 A 0.7
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
79.6 B 2.8 40.2 B 3.2 35.9 B 3.1 30.4 B 3.1 60.6 B 3.0 14.3 A 1.7 10.1 A 1.5 15.0 A 1.9
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 76.3 B 4.4 47.8 C 5.3 33.6 B 4.7 27.3 B 4.9 58.3 B 4.6 16.8 B 3.0 14.2 B 3.2 10.7 A 2.3
Rural 89.6 A 0.9 49.7 A 1.8 15.1 A 1.1 9.3 A 0.9 71.2 A 1.3 21.7 A 1.1 4.1 A 0.4 3.1 A 0.4
Urban 93.2 A 0.4 44.4 A 0.9 21.0 A 0.7 12.3 A 0.6 77.5 A 0.6 13.0 A 0.5 5.0 A 0.3 4.5 A 0.3
Exporter 77.8 A 1.8 69.5 A 2.1 68.3 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0 31.2 A 1.5 16.0 A 0.9 16.4 A 1.0 36.4 A 1.5
Non-exporter 94.4 A 0.4 42.2 A 0.9 13.4 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 82.2 A 0.5 14.5 A 0.5 3.3 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 89.5 A 1.8 57.1 B 3.0 31.8 B 2.8 21.9 A 2.5 63.8 A 2.4 19.7 A 1.9 7.3 A 0.9 9.2 A 1.4
94.9 A 0.9 51.1 B 2.6 23.7 A 2.1 15.2 A 1.8 73.6 A 1.7 16.7 A 1.4 4.9 A 0.6 4.8 A 0.6
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 93.0 A 0.6 46.6 A 1.2 18.7 A 0.8 10.9 A 0.7 77.2 A 0.8 14.5 A 0.6 4.5 A 0.3 3.9 A 0.3
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 91.5 A 1.1 39.9 A 2.0 15.4 A 1.3 9.2 A 1.2 78.7 A 1.4 14.0 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.6 3.0 A 0.6
91.8 A 1.3 43.0 A 2.4 21.8 A 1.9 7.8 A 1.0 77.1 A 1.6 14.4 A 1.2 5.6 A 0.8 2.9 A 0.6
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 93.3 A 1.1 38.4 A 2.3 15.8 A 1.5 11.5 A 1.6 80.6 A 1.4 10.8 A 1.0 3.6 A 0.5 4.9 A 0.9
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 92.0 A 0.8 43.5 A 1.5 18.8 A 1.1 11.6 A 0.9 75.8 A 1.1 14.5 A 0.8 5.0 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.5
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 91.6 A 0.8 45.3 A 1.6 19.2 A 1.1 10.3 A 0.8 76.6 A 1.0 14.5 A 0.8 4.9 A 0.5 4.0 A 0.4
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 93.6 A 0.6 49.7 A 1.4 22.6 A 1.1 13.0 A 0.9 75.2 A 0.9 16.1 A 0.7 4.9 A 0.3 3.8 A 0.3
92.0 A 1.0 53.2 A 2.0 29.3 A 1.7 22.9 A 1.6 69.5 A 1.4 15.2 A 0.9 6.0 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.9
90.0 A 1.2 54.8 A 2.3 30.4 A 1.9 24.2 A 1.8 67.7 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.1 6.8 A 0.6 9.5 A 1.0
89.9 A 1.5 52.1 A 2.4 29.3 A 2.0 22.9 A 2.0 68.9 A 1.8 16.0 A 1.2 6.3 A 0.7 8.8 A 1.2
93.3 A 1.1 57.4 A 2.3 32.3 A 2.1 20.7 A 1.8 71.1 A 1.6 15.4 A 1.1 6.5 A 0.6 6.9 A 0.9
91.8 A 0.7 53.2 A 1.5 28.8 A 1.3 20.9 A 1.1 70.8 A 1.0 15.0 A 0.7 6.4 A 0.4 7.8 A 0.6
92.2 A 0.5 42.7 A 1.0 16.4 A 0.7 8.2 A 0.5 77.5 A 0.7 15.2 A 0.6 4.4 A 0.3 2.9 A 0.2
Holds IP 89.2 A 1.0 54.1 A 1.6 34.0 A 1.4 24.9 A 1.3 65.0 A 1.2 17.0 A 0.9 8.4 A 0.6 9.6 A 0.7
Holds Formal IP 89.6 A 1.2 61.8 A 2.4 46.0 A 2.3 32.1 A 2.2 58.0 A 1.9 19.0 A 1.3 10.3 A 0.9 12.8 A 1.2
No IP 93.1 A 0.4 43.0 A 1.0 15.2 A 0.6 7.4 A 0.5 79.2 A 0.6 14.5 A 0.5 3.8 A 0.2 2.6 A 0.2
Familiar with at least one type of IP 91.8 A 0.5 48.4 A 1.0 22.6 A 0.7 14.0 A 0.6 73.6 A 0.7 15.6 A 0.5 5.6 A 0.3 5.2 A 0.3
Not familiar with any type of IP 93.1 A 0.8 37.5 A 1.7 12.2 A 1.1 5.9 A 0.8 81.6 A 1.1 13.6 A 1.0 2.8 A 0.3 2.0 A 0.3
Procurement Did business with Federal government 85.0 A 2.1 70.7 B 2.6 54.8 B 2.8 29.4 B 2.6 50.1 A 2.1 24.9 A 1.4 15.6 A 1.4 9.3 A 1.5
<30 years old 91.4 B 3.4 44.4 C 6.2 14.1 B 4.6 3.5 A 1.3 80.7 B 3.6 15.1 B 3.3 2.6 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.9
30 to 39 years old 94.1 A 0.9 46.1 A 2.2 16.9 A 1.5 10.9 A 1.3 79.3 A 1.5 12.3 A 1.0 3.8 A 0.6 4.5 A 0.8
40 to 49 years old 92.2 A 0.8 45.4 A 1.6 21.5 A 1.3 12.6 A 1.1 75.9 A 1.1 14.9 A 0.8 4.9 A 0.4 4.3 A 0.5
50 to 64 years old 92.4 A 0.6 46.0 A 1.2 19.8 A 0.8 11.5 A 0.7 75.5 A 0.8 15.1 A 0.6 5.2 A 0.4 4.2 A 0.3
65+ years old 91.8 A 1.2 42.4 A 2.2 20.7 A 1.8 12.7 A 1.4 75.7 A 1.5 14.9 A 1.3 5.0 A 0.6 4.4 A 0.5
Less than high school 92.8 A 1.4 40.7 B 3.1 10.9 A 1.5 7.0 A 1.2 78.9 A 1.9 15.5 A 1.7 3.4 A 0.9 2.3 A 0.5
High school 93.6 A 0.7 41.2 A 1.6 14.7 A 1.0 7.1 A 0.7 79.4 A 1.0 14.1 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.3 3.0 A 0.4
College/Cegep/Trade School 92.0 A 0.8 48.5 A 1.5 17.7 A 1.0 9.1 A 0.7 75.6 A 1.0 17.3 A 0.9 4.3 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.3
Bachelor's degree 92.8 A 0.8 47.4 A 1.6 26.5 A 1.4 17.2 A 1.3 74.0 A 1.1 13.3 A 0.7 6.0 A 0.5 6.6 A 0.7
Master's degree or above 91.2 A 1.1 44.7 A 2.2 24.6 A 1.8 16.7 A 1.5 75.3 A 1.6 12.3 A 1.1 6.7 A 0.8 5.7 A 0.6
In Canada 92.4 A 0.5 47.0 A 0.9 19.5 A 0.7 10.8 A 0.5 76.0 A 0.6 15.5 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.3 3.7 A 0.3
Outside Canada 92.7 A 0.8 40.6 A 1.7 20.7 A 1.3 14.3 A 1.1 77.1 A 1.1 12.0 A 0.8 5.1 A 0.5 5.8 A 0.6
0% 92.4 A 0.5 45.6 A 1.1 19.4 A 0.8 11.8 A 0.7 76.0 A 0.7 14.7 A 0.6 4.9 A 0.3 4.4 A 0.3
1% to 49% 88.5 A 1.6 46.9 A 2.4 23.1 A 1.9 14.6 A 1.5 71.9 A 1.9 17.3 A 1.6 5.4 A 0.6 5.3 A 0.7
50% 92.4 A 0.8 47.0 A 1.7 19.0 A 1.3 10.5 A 1.0 74.7 A 1.2 16.5 A 1.0 4.9 A 0.5 3.9 A 0.5
51% to 99% 97.0 A 1.0 42.2 B 5.0 24.5 B 4.3 15.8 B 3.4 75.1 B 3.9 13.1 B 2.7 4.5 A 1.2 7.2 A 1.9
100% 95.2 A 1.1 41.3 A 2.3 19.7 A 1.9 10.3 A 1.5 83.3 A 1.4 9.8 A 0.8 4.0 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.8
Potential Borrowers94.1 A 1.3 45.1 B 3.8 17.4 B 2.6 9.3 A 1.9 79.9 A 2.1 12.7 A 1.5 3.9 A 0.7 3.6 A 1.0
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
93.4 A 2.0 48.6 B 5.0 25.5 B 4.0 12.1 B 3.0 72.4 B 3.7 15.1 A 2.4 7.2 A 1.6 5.3 A 1.8
Co-operatives Co-operatives 95.8 A 0.8 50.0 A 1.8 13.5 A 1.3 6.8 A 1.1 82.5 A 1.1 13.3 A 0.9 2.1 A 0.3 2.1 A 0.6
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 82.3 A 1.8 77.0 A 1.9 59.3 A 2.2 41.2 A 2.2 39.6 A 1.7 27.3 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.2 16.1 A 1.3
Not-for-profit 98.6 A 0.4 28.7 A 1.3 8.9 A 0.8 1.8 A 0.5 89.0 A 0.8 8.2 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.4 0.7 A 0.3
Charity 99.4 A 0.3 36.2 A 1.9 11.2 A 1.3 3.3 A 0.4 90.3 A 0.8 8.1 A 0.7 1.0 A 0.1 0.7 A 0.1
For-profit 94.5 A 1.3 52.3 B 3.7 24.8 B 3.1 14.7 A 2.4 72.8 B 2.7 16.0 A 2.0 6.4 A 1.4 4.9 A 1.0
91.8 A 0.4 46.1 A 0.9 20.7 A 0.6 12.7 A 0.5 75.0 A 0.6 15.1 A 0.5 5.2 A 0.2 4.7 A 0.3
97.3 A 0.5 40.6 A 2.3 14.0 A 1.7 5.5 A 1.2 84.3 A 1.2 11.5 A 1.0 2.6 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.3
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Location
Export Status
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices, Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Region
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Rest of CanadaOutside Canada
(export sales)
(Propensity) Percentage of Businesses
Within your local
municipality or
region
Sales destination
Social Enterprises
Employment Size
Construction (NAICS 23)
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
(Intensity) Average Percentage of Sales
Survey question(s):
I.4 In 2017, what percentage of your total sales was made to customers located:…?
Notes:
I.4 is applicable to all respondents
Propensity refers to the percentage of businesses selling to a destination.
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 20: Sales by Destinations
Sales destination
Within your local
municipality or
region
Outside of your local
municipality or
region but within
your
province/territory
Rest of CanadaOutside Canada
(export sales)
Outside of your local
municipality or
region but within
your
province/territory
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 88.3 A 0.5 11.7 A 0.5 40.7 A 2.0 46.9 A 2.2 12.4 A 1.6 87.0 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.2 2.8 A 0.6 6.9 A 1.1 16.6 A 1.8 25.6 A 2.1 7.9 A 1.1 4.7 A 1.0 5.8 A 0.9 12.3 A 1.4 18.2 A 1.7
1 to 4 employees 90.1 A 0.7 9.9 A 0.7 33.9 B 3.4 52.5 B 3.8 13.6 B 3.0 81.8 B 3.2 5.1 A 1.6 0.8 A 0.3 4.0 A 1.3 14.7 B 3.0 24.8 B 3.7 6.7 A 1.7 4.4 A 1.9 4.1 A 1.4 8.7 A 2.0 17.1 B 2.8
5 to 19 employees 88.0 A 0.8 12.0 A 0.8 38.8 B 3.1 50.8 B 3.3 10.4 A 1.8 90.7 A 2.1 9.4 A 2.4 3.4 A 1.3 8.1 A 2.4 17.0 B 3.1 24.6 B 3.3 7.5 A 1.6 3.8 A 1.2 5.1 A 1.4 14.5 B 2.7 16.5 B 2.8
20 to 99 employees 83.0 A 1.1 17.0 A 1.1 59.7 B 3.3 26.5 B 3.0 13.8 A 2.3 92.7 A 2.4 15.2 B 2.7 6.9 A 1.9 11.1 A 2.3 20.8 B 3.2 29.1 B 3.6 9.3 B 2.6 7.2 A 1.9 11.0 A 2.5 17.8 B 3.1 24.7 B 3.3
100 to 499 employees 70.9 B 2.7 29.1 B 2.7 60.2 C 5.6 30.0 C 5.5 9.8 B 4.6 94.3 A 2.5 17.1 B 2.7 6.8 A 1.8 12.3 B 2.5 17.6 B 3.0 30.1 C 5.2 17.9 B 3.4 6.0 A 1.4 9.8 A 2.2 13.9 B 3.2 20.2 B 3.7
Atlantic 90.5 A 1.4 9.5 A 1.4 32.7 C 6.0 60.0 C 6.7 7.3 B 2.9 90.9 B 3.6 5.1 B 2.7 3.7 A 2.0 10.1 B 3.5 24.8 C 5.7 31.1 C 6.3 15.0 B 4.8 5.7 B 2.9 9.3 B 3.7 12.8 B 4.2 15.2 B 4.4
Quebec 89.4 A 1.2 10.6 A 1.2 42.0 C 5.7 41.5 C 6.2 16.5 C 5.4 77.5 C 5.6 6.0 A 1.9 5.9 A 2.3 8.2 A 2.5 16.4 B 4.8 44.1 C 6.4 7.8 B 3.3 7.8 B 4.1 7.7 B 3.2 10.4 B 3.6 13.4 B 3.3
Ontario 84.7 A 0.8 15.3 A 0.8 40.1 B 2.6 49.4 B 2.8 10.5 A 1.7 89.6 A 2.1 8.2 A 1.3 2.4 A 0.5 6.9 A 1.5 14.7 A 2.3 20.0 A 2.4 6.9 A 1.2 4.8 A 1.0 4.3 A 0.9 10.4 A 1.6 18.0 A 2.4
Northern Ontario 91.4 A 1.5 8.6 A 1.5 49.0 D 9.0 41.7 D 9.3 9.3 B 4.6 96.7 A 2.3 5.4 A 2.4 0.7 A 0.7 1.5 A 1.0 6.7 B 3.9 11.5 B 4.8 12.0 C 5.4 0.8 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.7 2.3 A 2.1 2.5 A 2.1
Southern Ontario 84.2 A 0.9 15.8 A 0.9 39.8 B 2.7 49.6 B 2.9 10.6 A 1.8 89.4 A 2.2 8.3 A 1.3 2.4 A 0.5 7.1 A 1.5 15.0 A 2.3 20.3 A 2.5 6.8 A 1.2 4.9 A 1.1 4.4 A 0.9 10.7 A 1.7 18.6 A 2.4
Prairies 93.8 A 0.7 6.2 A 0.7 48.4 C 5.3 37.3 C 5.3 14.3 B 3.4 92.4 B 2.8 8.7 B 3.0 1.5 A 0.8 3.9 A 1.5 12.2 B 3.3 18.9 B 4.5 5.6 B 2.5 4.0 A 2.3 8.8 B 3.4 8.5 A 2.2 20.2 B 4.2
Manitoba 91.6 A 1.6 8.4 A 1.6 44.1 D 9.3 47.0 D 9.7 9.0 C 5.6 90.3 C 6.4 18.2 D 9.4 4.9 B 3.5 3.5 B 2.9 21.6 D 9.4 23.4 D 9.9 2.1 A 2.0 3.1 B 2.9 17.2 D 9.2 5.5 B 3.5 20.5 D 9.5
Saskatchewan 95.1 A 1.3 4.9 A 1.3 56.3 E 12.9 26.0 E 10.6 17.7 D 9.6 94.8 C 5.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.6 C 5.5 11.8 D 7.8 11.8 D 7.8 24.0 E 14.6 18.8 E 14.6 18.8 E 14.6 5.2 C 5.1 7.5 C 5.8
Alberta 94.0 A 0.8 6.0 A 0.8 48.2 C 7.0 36.5 C 7.0 15.3 B 4.4 92.7 B 3.6 7.3 B 3.1 0.7 A 0.6 3.7 A 1.8 9.4 B 3.4 18.8 C 5.7 3.2 A 1.8 1.4 A 1.0 4.2 B 2.5 10.1 B 3.0 22.5 C 5.4
British Columbia and Territories 87.1 A 1.4 12.9 A 1.4 38.7 C 5.3 48.5 C 5.6 12.8 B 3.7 86.8 B 3.4 13.7 B 4.8 1.3 A 0.8 6.0 B 3.6 21.6 C 5.6 21.7 C 5.3 9.8 B 2.7 1.2 A 0.7 4.6 A 1.6 21.5 B 4.9 23.9 C 5.3
St. John's 94.5 B 3.0 5.5 B 3.0 30.5 F 25.8 46.3 F 27.4 23.2 F 21.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 9.2 C 6.7 32.3 F 22.6 67.7 F 22.6 76.8 F 21.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 37.1 F 28.0
Halifax 87.5 C 5.1 12.5 C 5.1 16.2 D 9.3 66.0 F 16.7 17.9 E 12.1 84.7 E 10.9 8.8 D 8.8 0.0 A 0.0 3.8 B 3.5 0.0 A 0.0 12.7 D 9.8 5.5 C 5.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.2 A 0.1 3.8 B 3.5 12.6 C 7.1
Quebec 90.7 B 3.3 9.3 B 3.3 31.9 F 16.6 55.5 F 17.5 12.6 D 9.0 80.8 F 16.1 6.1 B 5.0 28.8 F 17.2 14.7 D 9.9 14.4 D 9.0 59.2 F 17.0 0.6 A 0.6 6.1 B 5.0 15.1 D 9.1 6.1 B 5.0 14.7 D 9.9
Montreal 84.4 A 2.1 15.6 A 2.1 46.0 D 7.6 41.0 D 8.1 13.0 B 4.3 73.1 D 7.5 6.2 B 2.6 5.3 B 2.6 8.3 B 3.2 22.0 C 6.8 50.6 D 7.7 11.0 B 4.9 10.8 C 5.9 9.7 B 4.8 12.6 C 5.0 16.8 B 4.7
Ottawa-Gatineau 87.1 B 2.5 12.9 B 2.5 30.1 D 9.2 60.1 D 9.9 9.9 C 6.0 73.0 D 9.7 2.1 A 1.7 2.1 A 1.4 6.3 B 4.2 15.6 C 6.8 27.3 D 8.7 10.6 C 6.9 2.5 A 1.8 4.7 B 3.2 9.8 C 5.0 17.6 D 7.7
Toronto 81.0 A 1.5 19.0 A 1.5 37.4 B 3.7 55.9 B 4.0 6.7 A 1.6 91.4 B 2.6 8.1 A 1.8 2.3 A 0.7 7.8 A 2.4 14.5 B 3.3 18.1 B 3.2 6.8 A 1.7 6.6 A 1.8 3.4 A 1.2 11.8 B 2.5 15.6 B 2.8
Kingston 86.2 B 3.5 13.8 B 3.5 39.9 E 11.9 40.4 E 13.9 19.6 E 13.7 86.7 D 9.0 14.6 E 12.1 7.6 C 6.4 15.3 E 12.1 40.9 E 14.7 54.3 E 13.4 1.6 A 0.9 0.9 A 0.5 4.1 B 2.6 5.0 B 2.9 11.8 D 8.6
Hamilton 81.1 B 4.7 18.9 B 4.7 27.3 E 10.1 48.9 E 13.7 23.8 E 12.5 81.0 F 15.8 7.8 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.0 25.5 E 13.6 21.3 E 12.6 1.6 A 1.2 0.8 A 0.8 0.1 A 0.0 11.2 D 8.4 42.2 F 15.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 84.6 B 4.1 15.4 B 4.1 28.5 D 9.9 63.7 E 11.6 7.8 C 6.5 78.7 E 14.2 18.6 E 14.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.1 7.1 C 6.1 14.2 D 7.9 5.6 B 4.3 0.7 A 0.6 0.3 A 0.2 1.4 A 1.2 7.6 C 6.1
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 87.6 B 3.1 12.4 B 3.1 53.8 E 13.2 38.0 E 13.6 8.2 C 6.0 97.6 A 1.7 14.1 C 6.0 5.8 B 4.0 10.8 C 6.2 31.3 E 14.6 26.3 E 14.5 3.9 B 2.6 0.0 A 0.0 7.1 B 5.0 5.3 B 3.9 40.1 E 13.7
London 91.6 A 2.3 8.4 A 2.3 66.9 E 12.8 30.5 E 12.7 2.6 B 2.6 82.1 E 11.9 18.4 E 10.1 4.2 B 4.1 14.2 D 9.8 25.3 E 12.9 45.8 F 15.8 12.0 D 9.3 13.9 D 9.8 18.8 E 10.6 26.4 E 12.9 6.4 B 4.6
Windsor 75.5 C 5.3 24.5 C 5.3 32.1 E 11.1 46.4 E 12.8 21.4 D 9.8 100.0 A 0.0 14.5 D 8.2 1.5 A 1.5 8.0 C 6.0 2.0 A 1.5 8.5 C 6.0 9.0 D 7.6 2.0 A 1.5 2.0 A 1.5 12.2 C 7.2 8.0 C 6.0
Thunder Bay 90.7 B 3.2 9.3 B 3.2 32.0 E 13.0 65.9 E 13.5 2.1 A 2.0 94.0 B 4.6 6.1 B 4.6 4.3 B 4.2 6.0 C 5.9 19.2 E 10.6 23.4 E 11.7 5.3 B 4.4 5.3 B 4.4 5.3 B 4.4 1.0 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0
Winnipeg 92.7 A 1.9 7.3 A 1.9 44.4 E 12.4 40.2 E 13.6 15.4 D 9.3 93.2 C 6.5 31.2 E 14.1 8.4 C 5.9 6.0 B 5.0 37.1 E 13.7 30.4 E 13.9 3.6 B 3.4 5.3 B 4.9 29.6 E 14.0 9.4 C 6.0 35.2 E 13.9
Calgary 91.1 A 1.9 8.9 A 1.9 52.3 E 10.8 28.5 D 9.6 19.2 C 7.2 93.2 B 4.0 1.4 A 0.8 0.3 A 0.3 3.1 A 2.2 6.5 B 3.2 7.7 B 4.4 2.6 A 2.1 0.3 A 0.3 0.3 A 0.3 10.5 B 4.8 16.3 C 6.6
Edmonton 95.0 A 1.4 5.0 A 1.4 37.0 E 12.7 37.9 F 15.6 25.1 E 12.1 100.0 A 0.0 11.6 D 8.9 2.5 B 2.6 5.9 C 5.7 15.0 D 9.5 38.6 F 15.0 0.0 A 0.0 2.6 B 2.7 11.6 D 8.9 14.3 D 8.0 26.8 E 11.7
Vancouver 80.7 B 2.6 19.3 B 2.6 39.7 C 7.0 49.4 C 7.3 11.0 B 4.6 87.7 B 4.0 10.9 C 5.5 1.3 A 0.9 8.4 C 5.1 24.7 C 7.1 24.0 C 7.1 7.7 B 2.6 1.2 A 0.8 5.0 A 2.1 16.2 C 5.4 25.5 C 6.6
Victoria 89.3 B 4.8 10.7 B 4.8 35.4 F 19.7 57.5 F 21.3 7.1 C 6.2 100.0 A 0.0 56.5 F 21.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 45.7 F 24.0 17.8 E 11.5 5.5 C 5.8 5.5 C 5.8 5.5 C 5.8 45.7 F 24.0 44.1 F 24.4
93.2 A 0.9 6.8 A 0.9 81.7 C 5.1 13.7 B 4.6 4.6 B 2.6 80.0 C 5.9 3.8 A 2.0 5.8 B 3.0 4.1 A 2.1 3.3 A 2.0 15.1 B 4.9 25.4 C 7.3 9.4 C 6.1 12.8 C 6.3 17.8 C 5.7 12.2 B 4.5
98.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.5 34.1 E 12.5 57.2 E 13.1 8.8 C 6.0 72.6 E 12.4 8.6 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 9.3 D 8.8 0.0 A 0.0 7.8 D 7.6 0.3 A 0.3 9.3 D 8.8 0.0 A 0.0 8.2 D 7.6 19.1 E 10.8
64.8 A 1.9 35.2 A 1.9 83.1 B 3.0 1.7 A 0.8 15.2 B 2.9 95.9 A 1.4 12.7 A 2.0 4.8 A 1.3 7.4 A 1.7 15.9 B 2.8 24.7 B 3.1 7.8 A 2.0 4.8 A 1.4 5.7 A 1.4 12.0 A 2.4 17.2 B 2.5
76.0 A 1.9 24.0 A 1.9 92.6 A 1.9 1.5 A 0.8 5.9 A 1.7 83.8 B 3.4 5.7 A 1.8 1.5 A 0.7 7.1 A 1.9 11.1 A 2.4 15.1 B 2.9 10.7 B 2.7 1.2 A 0.5 4.0 A 1.2 14.3 B 3.0 18.6 B 3.6
89.6 A 1.6 10.4 A 1.6 74.1 D 8.4 16.3 D 7.7 9.6 B 4.7 89.5 B 4.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 19.8 D 8.4 33.0 D 9.1 10.8 C 6.2 9.9 C 7.4 5.7 C 5.4 14.6 C 6.8 14.3 C 5.8
80.6 A 2.0 19.4 A 2.0 8.4 B 3.4 79.6 C 5.2 12.0 B 4.4 93.5 B 3.8 10.5 B 3.1 9.7 B 3.9 12.5 B 3.7 10.0 B 2.8 18.5 B 4.5 4.9 A 1.4 8.5 B 2.7 9.2 B 2.7 11.4 B 3.2 16.1 B 4.7
79.6 A 1.7 20.4 A 1.7 5.8 A 2.4 84.0 B 3.5 10.2 B 2.8 82.8 B 3.8 8.3 B 3.3 1.1 A 0.5 7.3 B 3.1 22.3 B 4.5 27.7 B 4.5 4.7 A 1.6 2.9 A 1.2 3.3 A 1.2 13.7 B 3.5 23.5 B 4.5
94.7 A 0.8 5.3 A 0.8 5.2 B 2.7 76.2 C 6.8 18.5 C 6.5 92.3 C 5.0 19.2 C 7.1 3.2 B 2.5 7.5 B 3.3 37.6 D 7.9 51.5 D 7.9 21.0 C 6.3 3.7 B 2.6 21.3 C 7.3 12.1 B 4.4 39.3 D 7.9
95.0 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.9 23.2 D 8.3 30.0 D 8.5 46.8 D 9.6 90.9 C 5.7 8.8 C 5.5 1.4 A 1.4 3.0 A 2.4 11.9 C 7.0 22.1 D 8.8 5.8 B 4.0 1.9 A 1.5 4.1 B 2.8 7.4 B 4.2 13.5 C 7.1
91.3 A 1.4 8.7 A 1.4 15.2 C 5.5 70.9 D 8.0 13.9 C 7.0 82.7 C 7.3 9.9 B 3.9 2.2 A 1.7 7.3 B 3.2 15.1 C 5.3 30.2 D 8.1 5.4 B 2.7 2.9 A 1.9 4.9 B 2.6 8.2 B 3.3 11.3 B 3.9
Tourism 90.5 A 1.6 9.5 A 1.6 2.4 A 1.3 87.6 B 4.0 10.0 B 3.7 88.4 C 5.2 14.5 C 5.6 1.6 A 1.2 7.1 B 3.5 29.7 D 8.1 38.2 D 8.7 14.1 B 4.7 3.4 A 1.7 12.9 B 4.4 10.8 B 4.1 19.5 C 5.3
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
69.6 B 3.1 30.4 B 3.1 24.5 B 4.6 59.0 C 6.0 16.5 C 5.2 85.7 C 5.1 10.4 B 3.2 7.2 B 4.0 11.0 B 4.3 17.0 B 3.8 31.8 C 5.5 9.9 B 4.2 5.6 A 2.5 8.5 B 2.9 23.8 C 5.6 24.9 C 5.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 72.7 B 4.9 27.3 B 4.9 29.3 D 8.7 52.7 E 10.6 18.0 D 7.5 79.6 E 11.7 15.7 D 7.7 4.5 A 2.0 16.4 D 7.8 21.7 D 8.2 37.3 E 11.5 4.6 A 2.1 4.7 A 2.1 3.6 A 1.8 19.3 D 8.1 27.6 D 9.3
Rural 90.7 A 0.9 9.3 A 0.9 52.7 B 4.9 34.4 B 4.8 12.9 B 3.5 88.1 B 4.4 3.3 A 1.1 2.3 A 1.0 6.5 A 2.0 11.5 B 2.9 19.0 B 4.1 6.9 A 2.1 3.7 A 1.7 4.9 A 1.8 7.8 A 2.3 15.9 B 4.5
Urban 87.7 A 0.6 12.3 A 0.6 38.6 A 2.2 49.1 A 2.4 12.3 A 1.8 86.8 A 1.9 9.6 A 1.4 2.9 A 0.6 6.9 A 1.2 17.5 A 2.1 26.8 A 2.4 8.1 A 1.2 4.9 A 1.2 5.9 A 1.0 13.1 A 1.6 18.7 A 1.8
Exporter 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 40.7 A 2.0 46.9 A 2.2 12.4 A 1.6 87.0 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.2 2.8 A 0.6 6.9 A 1.1 16.6 A 1.8 25.6 A 2.1 7.9 A 1.1 4.7 A 1.0 5.8 A 0.9 12.3 A 1.4 18.2 A 1.7
Non-exporter 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 78.1 A 2.5 21.9 A 2.5 35.2 C 5.7 44.9 C 6.5 20.0 C 5.5 89.4 B 3.4 4.9 A 1.9 1.6 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.9 16.5 C 5.5 17.6 B 4.6 8.6 B 2.7 4.4 A 2.1 6.6 B 2.7 11.3 B 3.8 21.7 C 5.6
84.8 A 1.8 15.2 A 1.8 41.7 C 5.8 37.3 C 6.2 21.0 C 6.9 87.6 B 4.0 7.9 A 2.3 2.1 A 0.8 6.8 A 2.0 11.7 B 2.9 23.8 B 4.4 8.3 B 2.7 5.0 A 1.5 6.4 A 2.2 11.3 B 3.2 15.7 B 3.8
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 89.1 A 0.7 10.9 A 0.7 43.0 B 2.9 47.6 B 3.1 9.4 A 1.6 88.4 A 2.4 14.6 B 2.6 4.7 A 1.2 10.5 A 2.4 20.5 B 2.9 26.0 B 2.9 7.6 A 1.5 4.5 A 1.2 6.6 A 1.3 15.6 B 2.6 20.9 B 2.9
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 90.8 A 1.2 9.2 A 1.2 36.4 C 6.3 54.7 C 6.8 8.9 B 2.8 78.0 C 7.2 2.0 A 0.8 0.2 A 0.1 2.4 A 1.0 12.2 C 5.5 31.7 D 8.0 4.3 A 1.7 6.3 C 5.2 1.4 A 0.8 4.4 A 1.4 16.7 B 4.0
92.2 A 1.0 7.8 A 1.0 46.3 C 6.4 44.1 C 6.7 9.7 B 3.0 92.6 B 3.3 8.0 B 3.3 4.4 B 2.7 8.6 B 3.3 20.4 C 5.4 29.9 C 6.2 7.6 B 2.9 4.4 B 2.7 7.0 B 3.1 14.3 B 4.3 25.2 C 5.8
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 88.5 A 1.6 11.5 A 1.6 33.8 C 6.8 57.4 C 7.2 8.8 B 3.4 84.7 B 4.8 2.9 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.8 6.0 B 3.1 12.2 C 6.0 21.2 C 7.3 7.0 B 2.9 4.4 B 2.9 1.2 A 0.6 8.9 B 4.0 6.4 B 2.7
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 88.4 A 0.9 11.6 A 0.9 35.6 B 4.0 52.7 B 4.3 11.7 B 2.6 85.1 B 3.2 7.7 B 2.6 1.4 A 0.6 7.6 B 2.5 18.5 B 3.7 24.5 B 4.1 10.0 B 2.5 6.4 B 2.6 4.7 A 1.9 17.1 B 3.4 21.1 B 3.7
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 89.7 A 0.8 10.3 A 0.8 37.6 B 3.7 50.5 B 4.0 11.9 B 2.7 89.0 A 2.5 12.7 B 2.8 3.0 A 1.1 7.7 A 2.0 18.2 B 3.7 27.2 B 3.7 4.6 A 1.1 2.5 A 1.1 5.5 A 1.3 10.4 A 2.1 18.4 B 3.1
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 87.0 A 0.9 13.0 A 0.9 49.6 B 3.6 36.1 B 3.8 14.3 B 3.2 88.2 B 3.2 8.4 A 1.4 4.5 A 1.3 5.8 A 1.2 14.8 A 2.4 26.8 B 3.6 8.3 A 1.5 4.7 A 1.2 8.2 A 1.7 9.9 A 1.6 18.6 A 2.5
77.1 A 1.6 22.9 A 1.6 41.6 B 3.6 40.7 B 3.9 17.6 B 3.5 92.5 A 1.8 12.2 B 2.7 2.3 A 0.6 8.3 A 2.2 24.3 B 3.8 27.6 B 3.6 6.9 A 1.6 7.7 B 2.5 5.8 A 1.2 16.7 B 2.9 19.9 B 3.2
75.8 A 1.8 24.2 A 1.8 42.5 B 3.8 41.3 B 4.1 16.2 B 3.2 92.2 A 2.0 13.6 B 3.1 3.4 A 0.9 10.6 B 3.0 25.8 B 4.2 28.6 B 3.9 8.3 A 1.9 3.3 A 0.9 5.3 A 1.4 18.1 B 3.2 21.1 B 3.9
77.1 A 2.0 22.9 A 2.0 41.2 B 4.5 47.7 B 4.9 11.2 B 2.8 94.0 A 2.2 11.7 B 3.3 3.9 A 1.3 10.4 B 3.3 30.2 C 5.1 32.7 B 4.9 5.1 A 1.7 10.2 B 3.7 5.8 A 1.7 15.6 B 3.4 21.1 B 4.1
79.3 A 1.8 20.7 A 1.8 44.1 B 4.6 41.9 B 4.8 14.1 B 3.0 86.7 B 3.1 9.9 A 2.4 1.8 A 0.7 7.1 A 2.0 25.8 B 4.4 31.9 B 4.7 8.4 A 2.1 8.1 B 3.6 4.4 A 1.2 12.3 B 2.6 21.3 B 3.6
79.1 A 1.1 20.9 A 1.1 42.4 B 2.9 42.2 B 3.0 15.4 B 2.6 90.7 A 1.7 10.7 A 2.0 2.8 A 0.7 8.0 A 1.7 21.2 B 2.8 27.8 B 2.9 7.6 A 1.3 7.1 A 1.9 5.7 A 1.0 14.3 A 2.1 21.4 B 2.6
91.8 A 0.5 8.2 A 0.5 38.1 B 3.0 53.4 B 3.2 8.5 A 1.5 82.9 B 3.0 5.6 A 1.2 2.5 A 0.9 5.6 A 1.4 11.1 A 2.1 21.6 B 3.2 8.3 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.4 5.4 A 1.6 8.9 A 1.8 14.6 A 2.2
Holds IP 75.1 A 1.3 24.9 A 1.3 39.5 B 2.7 46.4 B 3.0 14.0 A 2.4 87.8 A 2.1 8.8 A 1.8 2.0 A 0.4 7.4 A 1.6 20.2 B 2.8 25.4 B 2.7 6.7 A 1.1 4.7 A 1.6 4.0 A 0.7 13.6 A 2.0 22.3 B 2.6
Holds Formal IP 67.9 A 2.2 32.1 A 2.2 51.0 B 4.2 34.4 B 4.5 14.5 B 2.8 90.5 B 2.8 11.4 B 2.8 3.5 A 0.9 11.3 B 2.9 21.2 B 3.7 32.5 B 4.0 8.8 A 1.8 3.7 A 0.9 6.1 A 1.2 15.6 B 3.0 26.7 B 4.0
No IP 92.6 A 0.5 7.4 A 0.5 41.4 B 3.1 48.7 B 3.3 9.9 A 1.9 86.2 B 2.8 7.7 A 1.5 3.5 A 1.1 6.2 A 1.4 12.0 A 2.1 24.4 B 3.3 9.6 A 1.9 4.5 A 1.2 7.5 A 1.8 9.5 A 1.9 13.2 A 2.2
Familiar with at least one type of IP 86.0 A 0.6 14.0 A 0.6 41.3 A 2.2 47.1 A 2.3 11.5 A 1.4 87.4 A 1.8 7.9 A 1.2 2.5 A 0.6 7.2 A 1.2 17.4 A 2.0 26.6 A 2.3 7.6 A 1.1 4.6 A 1.1 5.6 A 1.0 11.9 A 1.5 19.1 A 1.9
Not familiar with any type of IP 94.1 A 0.8 5.9 A 0.8 32.7 C 5.7 49.9 C 7.3 17.4 D 8.8 84.1 B 4.8 11.2 B 3.8 4.0 A 2.2 4.2 A 2.2 9.1 B 3.0 11.4 B 3.2 11.0 B 3.6 4.2 A 2.2 5.4 A 2.4 10.8 B 3.7 11.1 B 3.6
Procurement Did business with Federal government 70.6 B 2.6 29.4 B 2.6 38.9 C 5.2 43.4 C 5.1 17.7 B 3.6 93.5 B 2.8 14.9 B 4.1 10.4 B 3.5 10.4 B 3.5 20.5 B 4.5 35.0 B 4.8 15.1 B 4.0 10.2 B 3.9 10.7 B 3.1 14.1 B 3.7 20.8 B 4.1
<30 years old 96.5 A 1.3 3.5 A 1.3 51.4 F 18.3 44.0 F 17.8 4.6 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 27.7 F 19.8 25.7 F 20.0 25.7 F 20.0 36.9 F 19.5 25.7 F 20.0 0.0 A 0.0 25.7 F 20.0 25.7 F 20.0 36.9 F 19.5 27.9 F 19.8
30 to 39 years old 89.1 A 1.3 10.9 A 1.3 35.3 C 6.1 53.5 C 6.5 11.1 B 3.7 87.3 B 4.5 9.1 B 4.3 0.1 A 0.1 2.8 A 2.0 22.6 C 6.1 20.2 C 5.6 14.5 C 5.1 4.2 B 2.6 9.4 B 4.7 14.0 C 5.7 20.4 C 5.7
40 to 49 years old 87.4 A 1.1 12.6 A 1.1 33.9 B 4.0 51.9 B 4.5 14.2 B 3.2 85.9 B 3.1 4.6 A 1.3 2.2 A 1.2 7.5 A 2.3 16.6 B 3.6 25.2 B 4.1 6.6 A 1.8 3.4 A 1.2 2.4 A 0.8 11.7 A 2.4 16.3 B 3.2
50 to 64 years old 88.5 A 0.7 11.5 A 0.7 45.0 B 3.1 45.0 B 3.2 10.0 A 1.5 86.1 B 2.8 10.9 A 2.0 3.5 A 0.9 7.7 A 1.7 15.1 B 2.5 28.8 B 3.3 6.7 A 1.2 5.2 A 1.8 5.9 A 1.1 12.5 A 2.0 18.3 A 2.5
65+ years old 87.3 A 1.4 12.7 A 1.4 44.9 C 5.6 36.5 C 5.3 18.6 C 7.0 91.8 B 2.9 8.0 A 2.1 4.0 A 1.5 5.8 A 1.7 14.7 B 3.3 20.9 B 4.1 8.3 A 2.3 5.3 A 2.0 8.0 B 2.6 10.5 A 2.5 19.5 B 4.1
Less than high school 93.0 A 1.2 7.0 A 1.2 55.0 D 8.2 35.5 D 7.7 9.5 B 4.3 92.3 B 4.3 7.8 B 4.2 5.5 B 3.2 3.1 A 2.4 5.3 B 2.8 7.6 B 3.6 7.6 B 3.7 2.6 A 2.3 3.7 B 2.6 6.4 B 3.6 7.3 B 3.2
High school 92.9 A 0.7 7.1 A 0.7 47.0 C 5.1 40.8 C 5.3 12.3 B 3.3 89.0 B 3.0 8.8 B 2.8 1.2 A 0.7 2.8 A 1.0 15.8 B 4.8 16.7 B 3.7 8.1 A 2.4 3.5 A 1.8 9.5 B 3.1 6.1 A 1.7 16.6 B 3.9
College/Cegep/Trade School 90.9 A 0.7 9.1 A 0.7 50.7 B 4.1 35.9 B 4.0 13.4 B 2.6 89.9 B 2.5 9.3 A 2.1 3.0 A 1.2 9.8 A 2.4 11.5 A 2.4 22.0 B 3.5 7.7 B 2.8 4.7 A 1.6 7.5 B 2.7 12.9 B 3.4 14.5 B 2.7
Bachelor's degree 82.8 A 1.3 17.2 A 1.3 39.9 B 3.8 48.5 B 4.2 11.7 B 3.1 83.6 B 3.5 8.5 A 2.4 3.2 A 1.1 7.5 A 2.2 19.3 B 3.5 30.3 B 4.2 7.2 A 1.5 4.9 A 2.1 3.6 A 0.9 13.3 B 2.7 18.8 B 2.9
Master's degree or above 83.3 A 1.5 16.7 A 1.5 24.9 B 3.3 61.8 B 4.3 13.2 B 3.3 87.6 B 3.5 8.3 A 1.9 2.7 A 0.8 6.0 A 1.6 19.7 B 3.7 30.5 B 4.2 9.3 A 2.4 5.6 A 1.9 5.7 A 1.6 15.2 B 2.9 24.3 B 4.4
In Canada 89.2 A 0.5 10.8 A 0.5 40.9 A 2.4 47.6 B 2.7 11.5 A 2.0 88.9 A 2.1 8.0 A 1.2 3.4 A 0.8 6.4 A 1.0 16.4 A 2.1 24.9 A 2.5 6.8 A 1.1 5.2 A 1.4 5.5 A 0.9 10.4 A 1.4 17.0 A 1.9
Outside Canada 85.7 A 1.1 14.3 A 1.1 40.5 B 3.9 45.1 B 4.1 14.4 B 2.7 82.8 B 3.1 10.0 B 2.8 1.5 A 0.5 7.8 B 2.6 17.0 B 3.4 27.2 B 4.0 10.4 A 2.5 3.6 A 1.1 6.5 A 2.1 16.6 B 3.4 21.0 B 3.5
0% 88.2 A 0.7 11.8 A 0.7 40.8 B 2.7 47.6 B 3.0 11.6 A 2.3 87.6 A 2.4 9.3 A 1.7 3.0 A 0.8 7.7 A 1.6 18.0 B 2.5 25.1 B 2.9 8.3 A 1.6 3.2 A 0.9 6.5 A 1.4 12.5 A 2.0 17.6 A 2.2
1% to 49% 85.4 A 1.5 14.6 A 1.5 38.8 B 4.8 48.9 C 5.3 12.3 B 3.6 88.9 B 3.0 5.9 A 1.6 3.4 A 1.2 6.2 A 1.7 9.8 B 2.6 22.3 B 4.2 8.0 B 2.5 8.1 B 2.8 6.5 A 2.3 12.0 B 2.9 18.4 B 3.6
50% 89.5 A 1.0 10.5 A 1.0 41.4 B 4.7 45.6 C 5.0 13.1 B 3.1 89.1 B 3.2 9.4 B 3.2 2.2 A 1.0 5.8 B 2.6 14.8 B 3.5 21.1 B 3.9 7.2 A 1.8 3.6 A 1.3 4.2 A 1.5 13.8 B 3.5 16.8 B 3.7
51% to 99% 84.2 B 3.4 15.8 B 3.4 52.0 E 11.3 37.8 E 11.3 10.3 C 5.2 72.6 E 11.5 8.8 C 7.0 11.2 C 7.4 13.3 D 7.8 13.3 C 7.4 34.7 E 10.7 10.1 D 7.6 4.4 B 2.9 10.0 C 7.2 28.5 E 11.5 21.6 D 9.3
100% 89.7 A 1.5 10.3 A 1.5 38.3 D 8.0 46.0 D 8.4 15.8 C 5.3 83.0 C 6.0 7.3 B 3.1 0.3 A 0.3 3.4 A 2.3 21.3 C 7.5 36.4 D 8.4 6.3 A 2.4 10.0 C 6.6 2.9 A 1.4 4.5 A 1.6 22.6 C 6.9
Potential Borrowers90.7 A 1.9 9.3 A 1.9 38.5 D 9.7 55.8 E 10.2 5.7 B 3.4 92.6 B 4.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 11.3 C 6.8 14.5 D 8.0 6.6 B 4.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.2 A 0.2 4.0 B 3.9 15.2 D 8.0
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
87.9 B 3.0 12.1 B 3.0 41.9 E 13.9 48.0 E 12.8 10.1 C 5.1 88.7 D 7.9 9.2 B 4.6 0.3 A 0.3 2.2 A 2.1 6.5 B 4.3 19.6 D 8.9 25.5 F 15.5 6.4 B 4.6 26.0 F 15.5 29.0 F 15.2 13.8 C 6.2
Co-operatives Co-operatives 93.2 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.1 66.6 D 7.8 13.1 B 4.3 20.3 C 7.0 78.4 C 7.3 7.6 C 6.2 11.5 C 6.6 7.6 C 6.2 7.6 C 6.2 33.1 D 8.6 14.4 C 6.7 10.6 C 6.3 17.4 C 6.8 21.2 C 7.2 25.4 D 8.4
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 58.8 A 2.2 41.2 A 2.2 78.1 B 3.0 7.1 A 1.9 14.8 A 2.5 91.0 A 2.2 17.3 B 2.8 7.2 A 1.8 14.8 A 2.5 13.9 B 2.6 26.1 B 3.3 17.8 B 3.0 7.0 A 1.5 5.5 A 1.3 19.7 B 3.0 20.1 B 2.8
Not-for-profit 98.2 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 89.6 B 2.9 10.4 B 2.9 50.8 E 13.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 15.0 D 8.0 50.8 E 13.0 10.4 B 2.9 10.4 B 2.9 15.0 D 8.0 10.4 B 2.9 38.8 E 14.7
Charity 96.7 A 0.4 3.3 A 0.4 39.1 C 5.3 46.3 C 6.9 14.6 B 4.7 73.9 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 46.3 C 6.9 46.3 C 6.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 27.6 C 5.1 14.6 B 4.7 26.1 B 3.8
For-profit 85.3 A 2.4 14.7 A 2.4 41.7 D 8.1 47.3 D 8.7 11.0 B 4.6 73.4 D 9.1 13.1 C 5.4 7.9 C 5.3 9.6 B 4.9 13.1 C 5.4 32.7 D 8.1 3.9 A 2.2 2.7 A 2.0 4.7 B 3.0 6.1 B 2.5 29.0 D 8.9
87.3 A 0.5 12.7 A 0.5 41.6 A 2.1 46.8 A 2.2 11.6 A 1.3 87.2 A 1.7 8.9 A 1.3 2.8 A 0.6 7.0 A 1.1 17.0 A 1.9 26.1 A 2.2 8.0 A 1.1 4.8 A 1.1 5.7 A 1.0 12.7 A 1.5 18.0 A 1.7
94.5 A 1.2 5.5 A 1.2 27.3 D 7.9 47.8 E 11.2 24.9 E 13.7 84.4 D 9.2 4.1 A 2.2 3.4 A 2.1 4.4 A 2.2 9.7 B 4.5 18.7 C 6.8 6.5 B 2.8 3.6 A 2.0 7.2 B 3.0 6.7 B 3.0 22.0 D 9.2
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Social Enterprises
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
New or significantly improved good or service
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
CMA Level
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Employment Size
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Region
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 21: Exports (Percentage of Business That Export, Export Type and Export Destination)Survey question(s):
I.4 In 2017, what percentage of your total sales was made to customers located:…?
I.5 In 2017, what percentage of your business' total exports was represented by sales of...? I.7 In 2017,
what percentage of your business’ total exports was made to:
Notes:
I.4 is applicable to all respondents.
I.5 and I.7 are applicable only to those that exported in 2017.
Propensity refers to the percentage of businesses selling to a destination.
Other
(Propensity) Percentage of Exporters
Did NOT export in
2017Exported in 2017
The United States Other Latin America Other Europe Japan Other Asia
Export destination
Mexico China IndiaBrazil United Kingdom
Type of Export
Exported goods only Exported services onlyExported both goods
and services
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 93.7 A 0.4 5.6 A 0.4 5.5 A 0.4 5.4 A 0.4 6.8 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.2 3.6 A 0.3 5.3 A 0.4 8.7 A 0.5
1 to 4 employees 94.0 A 0.5 4.4 A 0.5 5.2 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.5 4.9 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.2 2.8 A 0.4 4.7 A 0.5 8.6 A 0.7
5 to 19 employees 93.0 A 0.7 7.8 A 0.8 5.9 A 0.7 6.4 A 0.8 7.4 A 0.7 6.0 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.5 5.3 A 0.7 6.5 A 0.7 9.0 A 0.8
20 to 99 employees 93.9 A 0.9 5.7 A 0.8 5.4 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.9 9.0 A 1.1 4.1 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.5 2.5 A 0.6 5.0 A 0.8 8.1 A 1.0
100 to 499 employees 91.7 A 1.6 5.0 A 1.1 6.1 A 1.2 6.1 A 1.3 6.8 A 1.3 6.4 A 1.6 1.3 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.9 4.6 A 1.4 10.1 A 1.7
Atlantic 95.5 A 0.8 3.9 A 0.9 4.0 A 0.9 4.9 A 0.9 6.4 A 1.0 5.3 A 1.0 1.6 A 0.7 3.9 A 1.0 6.1 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.0
Quebec 89.5 A 1.1 6.0 A 0.9 4.1 A 0.9 5.1 A 1.0 5.5 A 0.8 5.3 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.5 4.1 A 0.8 4.6 A 0.7 15.1 A 1.4
Ontario 93.9 A 0.7 5.1 A 0.5 5.5 A 0.6 4.6 A 0.5 7.5 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.3 3.5 A 0.5 5.7 A 0.6 5.6 A 0.6
Northern Ontario 96.7 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.8 5.4 A 1.3 4.4 A 1.0 7.6 A 1.6 4.6 A 1.1 1.3 A 0.4 4.3 A 1.1 5.0 A 1.2 5.3 A 1.3
Southern Ontario 93.7 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.6 5.5 A 0.6 4.6 A 0.5 7.4 A 0.8 4.7 A 0.6 1.2 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.5 5.7 A 0.7 5.6 A 0.6
Prairies 95.7 A 0.6 5.3 A 0.7 7.4 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.8 7.4 A 0.8 5.7 A 0.7 1.2 A 0.3 3.3 A 0.5 5.4 A 0.7 8.2 A 1.0
Manitoba 93.7 A 2.1 4.9 A 1.6 7.1 A 1.8 8.4 A 2.0 5.0 A 1.5 4.8 A 1.5 1.4 A 0.7 2.1 A 0.9 4.3 A 1.5 3.5 A 1.6
Saskatchewan 97.0 A 1.0 7.1 A 1.8 6.2 A 1.7 8.5 A 2.0 10.3 A 2.1 7.6 A 1.8 1.3 A 0.6 3.5 A 1.1 6.9 A 1.8 5.1 A 1.3
Alberta 95.8 A 0.8 5.0 A 0.9 7.7 A 1.1 6.5 A 1.0 7.3 A 1.0 5.4 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.4 3.5 A 0.7 5.2 A 0.9 9.9 A 1.3
British Columbia and Territories 95.6 A 0.8 7.1 A 1.3 5.4 A 1.1 5.6 A 1.1 6.4 A 1.1 5.6 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.7 3.2 A 1.0 5.2 A 1.2 7.6 A 1.3
St. John's 95.8 B 2.6 1.2 A 1.3 7.9 C 6.9 7.9 C 6.9 11.5 C 7.1 10.2 C 7.0 7.9 C 6.9 7.9 C 6.9 7.9 C 6.9 4.5 B 3.0
Halifax 97.9 A 1.4 3.7 A 1.9 3.4 A 1.8 0.8 A 0.6 5.3 A 2.2 2.5 A 1.6 0.0 A 0.0 1.6 A 1.3 5.4 B 2.7 9.2 B 3.5
Quebec 89.3 B 4.4 1.9 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.4 1.6 A 1.2 8.7 B 3.5 7.1 B 2.8 1.5 A 1.5 6.4 B 2.6 7.9 B 3.0 23.0 C 7.4
Montreal 89.4 A 1.8 6.1 A 1.4 5.0 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.6 5.9 A 1.4 5.6 A 1.4 2.0 A 0.9 5.6 A 1.5 4.5 A 1.3 11.6 A 1.7
Ottawa-Gatineau 92.3 B 3.0 4.9 A 1.8 7.3 B 2.7 4.5 A 1.9 8.4 A 2.4 3.9 A 1.6 1.2 A 0.8 4.5 A 2.3 5.9 B 2.5 6.6 A 2.1
Toronto 92.7 A 1.2 3.3 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.9 4.2 A 0.8 6.9 A 1.2 5.4 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.5 4.2 A 0.9 5.9 A 1.1 6.2 A 1.1
Kingston 94.3 A 2.0 10.7 B 3.2 7.6 B 2.8 6.3 A 2.1 6.8 A 2.1 4.2 A 1.7 1.7 A 1.1 3.3 A 1.6 9.0 B 2.8 5.7 A 2.0
Hamilton 95.3 A 1.8 5.8 B 2.6 5.2 B 2.5 1.9 A 0.9 7.9 B 3.3 1.8 A 0.8 2.0 A 1.4 2.8 A 2.2 3.3 A 2.1 3.2 A 1.4
St. Catharines-Niagara 93.8 B 4.6 3.5 A 1.6 3.9 A 2.1 3.6 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.8 2.5 A 1.2 1.7 A 1.6 1.2 A 0.7 3.4 A 1.5 7.0 B 4.7
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 97.5 A 1.3 9.3 B 4.0 3.6 A 1.6 2.8 A 1.5 7.5 B 2.8 3.7 A 1.4 0.9 A 0.9 1.1 A 1.1 7.5 B 4.0 2.5 A 1.3
London 93.0 B 3.6 7.7 B 2.9 6.6 B 2.8 8.1 B 3.0 11.3 B 4.3 4.3 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.1 A 1.1 6.7 B 2.8 7.7 B 3.6
Windsor 97.0 A 2.0 5.1 B 2.7 5.9 B 2.7 5.6 B 2.7 5.9 B 2.7 4.4 A 2.0 1.0 A 1.0 1.6 A 1.2 1.1 A 0.6 4.3 A 2.1
Thunder Bay 97.1 A 1.7 6.1 A 2.5 4.4 A 2.2 4.4 A 2.2 7.5 B 2.7 6.7 B 2.6 1.9 A 0.9 3.7 A 2.2 4.0 A 2.2 13.7 B 4.8
Winnipeg 92.1 B 2.9 4.4 A 2.1 7.1 A 2.5 10.2 B 2.8 5.1 A 2.0 5.7 A 2.1 1.3 A 0.9 3.0 A 1.3 4.6 A 1.9 4.1 A 2.3
Calgary 97.7 A 0.8 5.1 A 1.7 7.0 A 1.8 5.7 A 1.5 7.0 A 1.8 5.3 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.8 4.2 A 1.4 4.8 A 1.4 7.4 A 1.8
Edmonton 93.5 A 2.1 5.1 A 1.6 9.1 A 2.4 6.5 A 2.0 6.7 A 1.9 3.1 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 3.4 A 1.3 5.1 A 1.6 8.2 B 2.5
Vancouver 96.2 A 1.1 6.2 A 1.6 6.6 A 1.8 7.6 A 2.1 6.9 A 2.0 6.1 A 2.1 3.5 A 1.7 6.0 A 2.1 8.0 A 2.3 6.7 A 1.8
Victoria 92.9 B 3.9 5.1 B 3.1 1.3 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.9 3.6 A 2.4 3.5 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.7 12.0 B 4.7
89.8 A 1.5 9.4 A 1.4 6.1 A 1.1 7.7 A 1.2 8.2 A 1.3 6.8 A 1.3 1.2 A 0.6 3.6 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.3 14.3 A 1.9
97.1 A 0.8 6.5 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.2 4.6 A 1.2 6.2 A 1.1 3.6 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.6 4.5 A 0.9 7.0 A 1.3
82.5 A 2.3 14.8 A 2.0 11.8 A 1.6 13.9 A 1.8 18.2 A 2.2 10.3 A 1.5 1.5 A 0.6 9.0 A 1.4 13.5 A 1.8 19.5 A 2.3
79.9 A 2.1 8.6 A 1.4 11.4 A 1.6 11.6 A 1.6 11.1 A 1.4 8.3 A 1.4 2.5 A 0.8 6.5 A 1.3 8.1 A 1.4 22.9 A 2.2
92.8 A 1.4 8.4 A 1.3 6.3 A 1.2 8.2 A 1.4 10.9 A 1.5 8.3 A 1.4 2.3 A 0.8 6.2 A 1.4 7.5 A 1.5 10.0 A 1.6
91.7 A 1.6 5.5 A 1.4 7.2 A 1.5 10.6 A 1.8 9.6 A 1.6 5.3 A 1.1 1.0 A 0.4 5.0 A 1.4 8.0 A 1.6 8.9 A 1.6
87.9 A 1.7 5.0 A 1.0 10.1 A 1.5 5.4 A 1.1 8.3 A 1.3 8.4 A 1.3 2.9 A 0.8 5.7 A 1.2 7.0 A 1.2 12.1 A 1.7
99.8 A 0.1 2.1 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.5 0.3 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.3
98.8 A 0.4 2.5 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.9 3.6 A 1.0 4.3 A 1.0 2.4 A 0.8 0.8 A 0.5 2.7 A 0.8 2.3 A 0.8 4.9 A 1.1
97.2 A 0.7 2.6 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.6 1.9 A 0.5 2.6 A 0.7 3.3 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.4 1.6 A 0.6 2.7 A 0.7 5.0 A 1.1
Tourism 99.2 A 0.5 2.2 A 0.7 1.5 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.6 4.0 A 1.1 1.5 A 0.5 0.2 A 0.1 0.6 A 0.2 1.5 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.7
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
85.4 B 2.5 2.6 A 1.0 3.6 A 1.1 4.2 A 1.2 10.0 A 2.0 9.5 A 2.4 2.8 A 1.0 8.7 A 2.3 11.5 A 2.4 10.2 A 1.7
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 84.3 B 4.1 4.3 A 1.8 7.3 B 2.8 3.9 A 2.2 6.5 A 2.2 12.0 B 4.1 1.1 A 0.7 3.1 A 1.7 5.6 A 2.1 10.8 B 3.8
Rural 93.9 A 0.8 5.7 A 0.8 4.6 A 0.6 5.4 A 0.6 6.9 A 0.7 5.6 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.3 3.0 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.6 9.5 A 1.2
Urban 93.6 A 0.5 5.6 A 0.4 5.7 A 0.4 5.4 A 0.4 6.8 A 0.5 5.1 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.2 3.7 A 0.4 5.5 A 0.4 8.5 A 0.5
Exporter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Non-exporter 93.7 A 0.4 5.6 A 0.4 5.5 A 0.4 5.4 A 0.4 6.8 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.2 3.6 A 0.3 5.3 A 0.4 8.7 A 0.5
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 85.2 B 2.7 7.4 A 1.8 8.0 A 2.0 7.1 A 1.8 7.1 A 1.4 8.5 A 2.1 3.8 A 1.7 7.4 A 2.0 6.8 A 1.7 15.1 A 2.4
94.2 A 1.1 7.7 A 1.7 7.8 A 1.7 7.6 A 1.6 9.0 A 1.7 6.4 A 1.3 1.8 A 0.9 5.3 A 1.4 7.1 A 1.4 8.2 A 1.5
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 94.0 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.6 5.6 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.6 5.5 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.3 3.0 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.5 7.3 A 0.6
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 95.8 A 0.7 4.9 A 0.9 4.0 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.8 5.9 A 0.8 3.2 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.2 3.0 A 0.6 4.2 A 0.7 9.9 A 1.5
92.6 A 1.3 4.8 A 0.9 5.4 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.2 4.7 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.1 3.4 A 0.8 5.4 A 1.1 10.0 A 1.5
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 94.6 A 1.2 4.8 A 0.9 3.2 A 0.7 4.0 A 1.0 5.4 A 1.2 5.0 A 1.3 1.9 A 0.9 3.2 A 1.0 5.1 A 1.2 7.1 A 1.4
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 94.2 A 0.8 4.2 A 0.6 4.9 A 0.7 4.2 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.7 4.3 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.4 3.5 A 0.6 5.0 A 0.7 7.1 A 0.9
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 93.3 A 0.8 7.2 A 0.9 6.9 A 0.9 6.1 A 0.9 7.3 A 0.8 6.5 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.4 3.6 A 0.6 5.9 A 0.8 9.1 A 1.0
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 93.1 A 0.6 6.1 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.6 6.6 A 0.6 8.0 A 0.7 5.1 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.3 3.7 A 0.5 5.2 A 0.6 10.5 A 0.9
90.4 A 1.2 7.6 A 1.1 9.2 A 1.2 9.1 A 1.2 10.5 A 1.2 8.7 A 1.2 3.2 A 0.9 7.6 A 1.2 9.8 A 1.2 12.0 A 1.3
89.8 A 1.3 10.3 A 1.6 10.1 A 1.5 11.3 A 1.6 13.1 A 1.7 12.1 A 1.8 3.3 A 1.0 8.8 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.8 14.1 A 1.7
92.9 A 1.0 7.3 A 1.2 8.4 A 1.2 7.7 A 1.2 11.0 A 1.4 6.9 A 1.1 2.3 A 0.7 5.8 A 1.0 8.8 A 1.2 11.9 A 1.5
91.0 A 1.3 7.5 A 1.3 9.1 A 1.5 9.7 A 1.5 11.3 A 1.6 9.7 A 1.6 3.1 A 1.0 9.5 A 1.6 10.7 A 1.7 10.8 A 1.5
90.8 A 0.9 7.6 A 0.8 8.9 A 0.9 8.7 A 0.9 10.7 A 0.9 8.3 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.9 9.3 A 0.9 11.6 A 1.0
94.3 A 0.5 4.9 A 0.5 4.4 A 0.4 4.3 A 0.4 5.7 A 0.5 4.2 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.2 2.6 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.4 8.0 A 0.6
Holds IP 88.5 A 1.1 7.1 A 0.8 9.1 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.8 9.1 A 0.9 7.6 A 0.9 2.6 A 0.6 6.7 A 1.0 8.1 A 0.9 13.0 A 1.2
Holds Formal IP 87.6 A 1.8 7.9 A 1.4 10.8 A 1.8 10.0 A 1.8 11.0 A 1.6 10.3 A 1.8 3.0 A 1.1 9.4 A 2.0 10.0 A 1.9 11.4 A 1.9
No IP 94.8 A 0.4 5.3 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.4 5.1 A 0.4 6.4 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.2 2.8 A 0.3 4.7 A 0.4 7.8 A 0.6
Familiar with at least one type of IP 92.2 A 0.5 6.2 A 0.5 6.6 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.5 7.8 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.4 6.1 A 0.5 10.1 A 0.6
Not familiar with any type of IP 97.0 A 0.6 4.0 A 0.7 2.9 A 0.6 4.0 A 0.7 4.8 A 0.8 3.2 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.5 3.6 A 0.7 5.6 A 0.9
Procurement Did business with Federal government 87.1 A 1.9 11.8 A 1.9 13.9 A 2.2 8.4 A 1.8 12.5 A 2.0 10.6 A 2.0 2.2 A 1.0 3.3 A 1.0 7.9 A 1.8 12.6 A 2.1
<30 years old 91.6 B 4.6 2.8 A 1.3 7.4 B 4.6 6.0 B 4.5 3.7 A 1.4 3.6 A 1.6 0.5 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.8 2.4 A 1.0 7.8 B 3.3
30 to 39 years old 95.2 A 0.9 6.2 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.8 4.9 A 0.8 6.2 A 0.9 4.3 A 0.7 1.0 A 0.3 3.5 A 0.7 5.1 A 0.8 7.2 A 1.1
40 to 49 years old 92.8 A 0.9 6.5 A 0.9 5.8 A 0.8 5.1 A 0.7 5.9 A 0.7 6.1 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.5 4.2 A 0.8 5.9 A 0.8 7.7 A 0.9
50 to 64 years old 94.0 A 0.5 5.1 A 0.5 5.3 A 0.6 5.8 A 0.6 7.6 A 0.6 4.9 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.3 3.7 A 0.5 5.3 A 0.5 9.9 A 0.8
65+ years old 92.7 A 1.1 5.8 A 1.1 5.9 A 1.1 5.2 A 1.0 6.7 A 1.2 6.0 A 1.2 1.1 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.6 4.9 A 1.0 7.9 A 1.2
Less than high school 94.3 A 1.1 4.4 A 1.1 3.7 A 1.0 4.1 A 1.0 7.3 A 1.9 4.3 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.3 3.2 A 0.8 6.0 A 1.3 8.7 A 2.1
High school 94.7 A 0.7 4.9 A 0.8 4.8 A 0.7 5.7 A 0.8 6.7 A 0.8 5.0 A 0.7 1.4 A 0.5 2.7 A 0.6 4.8 A 0.7 7.7 A 0.9
College/Cegep/Trade School 94.4 A 0.7 5.8 A 0.7 5.9 A 0.7 6.0 A 0.7 6.5 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.4 3.8 A 0.6 4.8 A 0.6 9.0 A 1.0
Bachelor's degree 91.7 A 0.9 6.6 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.8 6.1 A 0.8 8.4 A 0.9 6.6 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.4 4.3 A 0.7 6.9 A 0.9 9.1 A 1.0
Master's degree or above 93.1 A 1.2 5.5 A 1.0 5.2 A 1.0 3.1 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.8 4.7 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.5 3.4 A 0.8 4.3 A 0.9 9.1 A 1.3
In Canada 93.0 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.4 5.8 A 0.4 5.6 A 0.4 7.1 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.2 3.2 A 0.3 4.9 A 0.4 9.9 A 0.6
Outside Canada 95.6 A 0.8 4.5 A 0.8 4.6 A 0.8 4.9 A 0.8 5.9 A 0.9 5.2 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.5 4.6 A 0.8 6.5 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.8
0% 93.2 A 0.6 5.8 A 0.6 5.8 A 0.6 5.6 A 0.6 7.2 A 0.6 5.2 A 0.5 1.5 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.5 5.6 A 0.5 8.7 A 0.7
1% to 49% 91.1 A 1.5 7.1 A 1.2 4.5 A 0.8 5.6 A 0.9 6.1 A 0.9 6.5 A 1.3 0.8 A 0.3 3.0 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.9 13.2 A 2.0
50% 94.9 A 0.7 5.5 A 0.8 6.7 A 0.9 6.1 A 0.8 7.8 A 0.9 5.6 A 0.8 1.9 A 0.6 3.7 A 0.7 6.7 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.8
51% to 99% 93.7 B 3.2 4.9 A 1.6 4.8 A 1.5 3.9 A 1.4 5.6 A 1.6 4.4 A 1.5 0.6 A 0.4 2.1 A 0.9 4.4 A 1.4 7.0 B 3.2
100% 95.2 A 1.0 4.0 A 0.8 3.2 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.8 4.3 A 0.8 3.7 A 0.8 0.5 A 0.2 2.0 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.7 8.4 A 1.6
Potential Borrowers86.2 B 3.0 8.6 A 2.3 9.7 A 2.3 6.3 A 1.6 9.0 A 2.1 6.8 A 2.1 3.2 A 1.8 8.7 A 2.4 9.0 A 2.1 12.6 B 2.9
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
94.2 A 1.8 5.7 A 2.0 4.5 A 1.6 6.1 A 2.1 8.1 A 2.2 5.3 A 1.6 0.6 A 0.5 9.7 A 2.5 9.3 A 2.5 8.1 A 2.4
Co-operatives Co-operatives 95.6 A 0.7 4.2 A 0.8 4.1 A 0.8 4.8 A 0.8 6.9 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.3 2.0 A 0.5 3.3 A 0.6 9.3 A 1.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 82.9 A 2.0 6.3 A 1.3 11.2 A 1.7 5.9 A 1.1 11.4 A 1.7 8.4 A 1.6 2.6 A 1.0 6.0 A 1.4 7.2 A 1.4 18.5 A 2.3
Not-for-profit 97.9 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.2 1.4 A 0.5 1.4 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.5 2.9 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.2 2.4 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.4 7.2 A 0.8
Charity 94.0 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.1 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 1.6 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.9 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.6 7.7 A 1.3
For-profit 92.2 A 2.3 6.6 A 1.8 9.8 B 2.6 8.2 A 2.1 12.0 B 2.6 7.8 A 2.0 2.6 A 1.2 6.7 A 2.1 9.2 B 2.5 8.4 B 2.7
93.2 A 0.4 5.9 A 0.4 5.9 A 0.4 5.8 A 0.4 7.1 A 0.4 5.4 A 0.4 1.5 A 0.2 3.7 A 0.3 5.5 A 0.4 9.0 A 0.5
96.4 A 0.8 4.1 A 0.9 3.1 A 0.6 3.4 A 0.8 5.2 A 0.9 4.2 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 2.7 A 0.8 4.2 A 0.9 7.1 A 1.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Table 22: Reasons for Not ExportingSurvey question(s):
I.6 Which of the following were reasons your business did not export outside of Canada in 2017? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.6. is applicable to only to those that did not export in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
Region
Intellectual property
issues
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Local nature of
business
Administrative
obstacles in Canada
Reasons for not exporting
Other
Administrative
obstacles outside of
Canada
Border obstacles Logistical obstaclesMarket knowledge
issues
Lack of financing/
inadequate cash-flowFinancial risk
CMA Level
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Location
Export Status
Growth
Age of Business
Intellectual Property
Social Enterprises
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 71.9A 1.9
18.4A 1.6
6.9A 0.9
2.8A 0.8
63.7A 2.1
20.0A 1.8
10.3A 1.1
6.0A 0.9
64.6A 2.0
17.6A 1.5
11.1A 1.3
6.7A 1.0
63.1A 2.0
17.4A 1.4
11.9A 1.2
7.6A 1.0
67.2A 2.0
19.3A 1.6
9.5A 1.3
4.0A 1.1
83.1A 1.5
11.6A 1.2
3.7A 0.9
1.6A 0.6
72.8A 1.9
14.5A 1.5
8.2A 1.2
4.5A 0.9
66.2A 2.0
18.8A 1.6
10.2A 1.2
4.7A 0.9
88.4A 1.7
2.3A 0.5
4.7A 1.4
4.6A 1.0
1 to 4 employees 77.6B 3.0
14.3A 2.4
4.6A 1.3
3.6A 1.6
69.0B 3.4
16.4B 2.9
7.2A 1.6
7.5A 1.7
69.4B 3.3
13.9A 2.3
7.8A 2.1
8.9A 1.9
69.9B 3.2
12.1A 1.9
8.6A 1.9
9.4A 2.0
74.5B 3.1
14.1A 2.4
6.8A 1.4
4.7A 1.9
87.0A 2.4
7.1A 1.7
4.6A 1.7
1.3A 0.7
79.8B 2.8
8.8A 1.8
8.1A 1.9
3.3A 1.3
74.9B 3.0
11.9A 2.1
9.9A 2.0
3.3A 1.4
89.4B 2.8
1.4A 0.7
4.7B 2.6
4.5A 1.3
5 to 19 employees 66.6B 3.3
21.8B 3.0
9.4A 1.7
2.1A 1.0
61.7B 3.4
22.0B 3.0
10.2A 1.8
6.0A 1.3
63.9B 3.2
19.7B 2.7
11.8A 2.0
4.6A 1.0
61.0B 3.3
20.6B 2.7
12.6A 1.8
5.7A 1.4
60.2B 3.6
22.5B 3.0
13.1B 2.9
4.2A 1.7
80.0B 2.7
15.1A 2.3
2.8A 0.9
2.0A 1.3
62.8B 3.6
20.1B 3.2
9.7A 2.4
7.3A 1.9
57.4B 3.5
26.1B 3.2
10.1A 2.0
6.5A 1.4
86.0B 3.2
3.1A 1.2
5.4A 2.1
5.6A 2.4
20 to 99 employees 68.5B 3.3
21.5B 2.8
8.1A 2.0
1.8A 0.8
55.6B 3.6
24.1B 2.8
18.3B 2.7
2.0A 0.8
55.1B 3.7
22.7B 2.9
17.2B 2.9
5.0A 1.2
50.9B 3.7
24.8B 3.1
18.7B 3.1
5.6A 1.3
62.9B 3.6
25.6B 3.2
10.2A 2.4
1.3A 0.5
81.0B 2.6
14.0A 2.3
3.5A 1.2
1.5A 0.6
75.9B 3.0
16.5B 2.8
5.1A 1.5
2.6A 0.9
63.5B 3.5
19.7B 2.9
11.3A 2.1
5.5A 1.7
89.6A 1.7
3.7A 0.9
3.5A 1.0
3.3A 1.0
100 to 499 employees 64.5B 4.6
24.0B 3.5
7.4A 2.2
4.1B 2.5
52.2C 5.3
28.6B 4.8
16.1B 3.0
3.1A 2.4
54.0C 5.1
22.3B 3.0
17.6B 3.0
6.1B 2.9
50.9C 5.3
22.9B 3.6
17.2B 3.0
9.0A 2.1
59.5C 5.3
26.7C 5.2
9.2A 2.0
4.5A 1.8
73.7B 4.1
22.5B 4.0
2.3A 0.8
1.6A 0.9
63.8C 5.7
24.6B 4.9
9.7B 4.8
1.8A 0.6
52.1C 5.3
32.9C 5.2
10.7A 2.1
4.3A 1.7
92.9A 1.7
0.6A 0.4
2.5A 1.3
4.0A 1.0
Atlantic 86.3B 3.9
11.2B 3.6
1.3A 0.6
1.2A 1.2
77.1C 5.1
13.2B 3.9
7.7B 2.7
2.0A 1.7
74.2C 5.4
14.4B 3.9
8.2B 3.0
3.2A 1.8
75.3C 5.2
12.8B 3.8
4.4A 1.9
7.5B 2.7
81.8B 4.7
10.2B 3.5
4.9A 2.2
3.1A 2.2
88.3B 3.9
10.6B 3.8
1.1A 0.7
0.0A 0.0
72.5D 8.0
7.6B 2.8
7.9B 3.0
11.9D 8.0
71.0C 5.8
13.0B 4.0
12.9B 3.7
3.1A 2.0
96.4A 1.7
0.8A 0.7
1.5A 1.2
1.2A 0.8
Quebec 75.9B 4.4
12.7B 3.3
8.2B 2.5
3.2A 1.7
64.3C 5.5
18.0B 4.6
12.4B 3.0
5.3A 1.7
65.5C 5.2
15.8B 3.6
13.3B 3.2
5.5A 2.0
64.1C 5.0
17.8B 3.7
12.6B 2.6
5.5A 2.0
69.7B 4.7
17.3B 3.6
10.8B 2.8
2.2A 1.0
85.6B 3.2
10.3B 2.5
3.5A 2.0
0.6A 0.5
72.6B 4.7
16.1B 3.8
7.3A 2.2
4.0A 2.0
68.1B 4.9
15.7B 3.6
11.3B 3.2
4.9A 1.6
88.5C 5.2
0.7A 0.4
7.5C 5.1
3.3A 1.6
Ontario 70.1B 2.6
19.7A 2.2
6.2A 1.2
4.0A 1.5
60.3B 2.9
22.8B 2.5
11.0A 1.5
5.8A 1.4
61.0B 2.9
18.9A 2.1
12.4A 2.1
7.8A 1.6
60.2B 2.9
18.2A 2.0
13.2A 2.0
8.5A 1.7
65.6B 2.9
19.9A 2.3
9.9A 2.0
4.5A 1.6
82.3A 2.1
12.8A 1.8
4.0A 1.0
0.9A 0.3
71.3B 2.7
17.1A 2.4
8.1A 1.4
3.4A 0.9
63.3B 2.8
22.3A 2.4
10.2A 1.5
4.2A 1.4
87.7A 2.1
4.0A 1.1
3.7A 0.8
4.6A 1.8
Northern Ontario 71.6D 8.4
18.8D 7.8
3.1A 1.8
6.5B 4.1
70.1D 8.8
17.5D 7.7
6.8B 4.6
5.6B 3.4
57.0D 9.3
25.2D 8.6
5.1B 2.7
12.7C 5.3
70.8D 8.3
13.8C 7.0
6.9B 4.3
8.5B 3.8
74.8D 8.4
15.2C 7.4
9.4C 5.0
0.7A 0.7
85.4C 7.1
11.5C 6.8
0.9A 0.9
2.2A 2.2
75.0D 8.4
19.0D 8.2
4.8A 2.4
1.3A 1.0
78.0D 7.8
18.5D 7.7
2.3A 1.1
1.2A 0.8
97.4A 2.0
0.0A 0.0
0.8A 0.8
1.9A 1.8
Southern Ontario 70.1B 2.7
19.7A 2.2
6.3A 1.2
3.9A 1.6
60.0B 2.9
23.0B 2.6
11.2A 1.6
5.8A 1.5
61.1B 2.9
18.6A 2.1
12.6A 2.2
7.7A 1.6
59.8B 2.9
18.3A 2.0
13.4A 2.0
8.5A 1.8
65.3B 3.0
20.1A 2.3
10.0A 2.1
4.7A 1.6
82.2A 2.1
12.9A 1.9
4.1A 1.0
0.8A 0.3
71.2B 2.8
17.1A 2.4
8.2A 1.5
3.5A 0.9
62.8B 2.9
22.5A 2.5
10.4A 1.5
4.3A 1.4
87.3A 2.2
4.2A 1.2
3.8A 0.8
4.7A 1.9
Prairies 67.4C 5.1
21.8B 4.5
9.4B 2.9
1.4A 1.4
64.8C 5.1
16.9B 4.1
10.8B 3.2
7.5B 2.9
65.2C 5.0
16.4B 3.9
10.9B 2.7
7.5B 3.3
64.0B 4.9
16.2B 3.5
10.0B 3.0
9.7B 3.0
73.1B 4.7
19.8B 4.3
6.9B 2.6
0.2A 0.2
89.2B 3.0
5.7A 1.9
2.2A 1.1
3.0A 2.2
84.5B 3.4
6.0A 1.8
7.4B 2.7
2.1A 1.2
74.5B 4.2
10.4B 2.8
9.0A 2.4
6.1B 2.7
92.4B 2.8
1.2A 0.9
0.4A 0.4
6.0B 2.6
Manitoba 66.3D 8.5
15.7C 5.6
18.0C 7.1
0.0A 0.0
78.0C 6.4
11.0B 4.3
4.7B 2.5
6.3B 4.0
69.4D 8.0
9.3B 4.6
16.1C 5.6
5.2B 3.7
67.5D 8.2
16.9C 6.2
6.5B 3.4
9.1B 4.5
87.7B 5.0
7.1B 3.6
4.1B 3.4
1.2A 0.9
97.3A 2.1
0.5A 0.5
2.3A 2.0
0.0A 0.0
84.3C 6.0
2.5A 1.7
9.7B 4.8
3.5B 3.4
70.4D 8.6
7.5B 3.5
11.5C 5.4
10.5C 6.7
98.1A 2.0
0.0A 0.0
1.9A 2.0
0.0A 0.0
Saskatchewan 66.6E 14.0
9.0C 6.4
24.4E 14.2
0.0A 0.0
55.1E 13.7
12.9D 8.3
0.0A 0.0
31.9E 14.5
52.8E 13.5
27.7E 11.1
0.6A 0.4
18.9E 14.6
60.7E 13.8
2.7A 1.8
6.2C 5.7
30.4E 14.0
67.2E 13.8
0.8A 0.7
31.9E 13.9
0.0A 0.0
69.3E 14.4
4.4B 4.3
7.5C 5.9
18.8E 14.6
62.2E 14.0
7.0C 5.7
24.4E 14.2
6.4C 6.2
62.8E 13.9
0.8A 0.7
16.4D 9.2
20.1E 14.5
69.4E 14.6
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
30.6E 14.6
Alberta 67.9C 6.6
26.2C 6.4
3.8A 2.0
2.2A 2.1
62.4C 6.7
19.5C 5.7
14.8B 4.7
3.3A 2.3
66.2C 6.6
16.5C 5.3
11.2B 3.6
6.0B 3.7
63.6C 6.4
18.5B 4.8
11.9B 4.2
6.0B 2.9
69.7C 6.3
27.3C 6.2
3.0A 1.7
0.0A 0.0
90.4B 3.0
7.5B 2.7
1.2A 1.1
0.9A 0.9
88.9B 3.2
6.8A 2.4
3.4A 1.9
0.9A 0.9
78.0B 4.9
13.2B 4.1
6.8B 2.6
2.0A 1.4
95.0A 2.2
1.9A 1.4
0.0A 0.0
3.2A 1.8
British Columbia and Territories 70.8C 5.0
21.4B 4.7
7.2A 2.2
0.6A 0.6
67.5C 5.1
18.7B 4.4
6.6A 2.1
7.3A 2.4
70.2B 4.9
17.9B 4.3
6.1A 2.1
5.8A 2.1
65.5B 4.8
17.0B 3.5
11.2B 2.9
6.3A 2.3
61.1C 5.6
21.9B 4.9
10.0B 3.0
7.0B 4.0
77.4B 4.9
13.5B 3.2
5.0B 3.3
4.1B 2.7
70.0C 5.3
12.7B 3.0
10.2B 4.8
7.0B 3.0
65.6C 5.5
19.8B 4.4
9.1B 3.7
5.5A 2.1
85.7B 5.0
0.5A 0.4
7.3B 4.6
6.4A 2.3
St. John's 67.7F 22.6
32.3F 22.6
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
67.7F 22.6
23.2F 21.3
9.2C 6.7
0.0A 0.0
67.7F 22.6
32.3F 22.6
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
76.8F 21.3
23.2F 21.3
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
90.8C 6.7
9.2C 6.7
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
67.7F 22.6
32.3F 22.6
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
Halifax 93.3C 5.2
6.7C 5.2
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
73.9E 14.1
10.5C 6.6
8.0D 7.6
7.5D 7.9
75.4E 13.9
7.7C 5.5
16.9E 11.9
0.0A 0.0
76.2E 12.9
8.7C 6.9
11.8D 8.7
3.2B 3.0
82.0E 10.9
6.7C 5.2
11.3D 8.8
0.0A 0.0
75.1E 14.3
21.7E 13.5
3.2B 3.0
0.0A 0.0
63.3F 17.9
3.8B 3.5
24.0E 13.7
8.8D 8.8
66.9F 16.6
13.0D 8.3
11.3D 8.8
8.8D 8.8
90.4C 7.0
3.8B 3.5
5.3C 5.6
0.5A 0.6
Quebec 43.8F 17.3
25.8F 16.3
0.0A 0.0
30.4F 17.5
65.4F 17.0
21.9F 16.1
12.6D 9.0
0.0A 0.0
44.2F 17.8
23.8F 15.2
5.7C 5.3
26.3F 16.7
58.6F 17.0
30.4F 16.1
11.0C 7.3
0.0A 0.0
81.7E 10.1
13.9D 9.2
2.7B 2.8
1.7A 1.7
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
77.4F 17.3
0.0A 0.0
22.6F 17.3
0.0A 0.0
94.9B 3.5
5.1B 3.5
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
94.2B 4.9
4.6B 4.7
0.0A 0.0
1.2A 1.3
Montreal 79.0C 5.3
12.5B 4.3
8.5B 3.4
0.0A 0.0
63.0C 7.2
19.9C 6.2
11.6B 3.9
5.4A 2.2
67.1C 6.4
18.4B 4.9
13.3B 4.3
1.2A 0.8
64.6C 6.4
18.8B 4.7
11.9B 3.3
4.6B 2.6
65.4C 6.5
19.6B 5.0
13.4B 4.0
1.6A 1.2
82.9B 4.5
11.6B 3.5
4.6B 2.9
0.9A 0.7
67.6C 6.4
20.6C 5.5
5.9A 2.3
5.9B 2.9
63.0C 6.7
16.2B 4.8
14.7B 4.6
6.1A 2.3
84.6C 7.3
0.5A 0.3
10.8C 7.3
4.1A 2.3
Ottawa-Gatineau 82.5C 6.2
8.9B 4.1
8.6B 4.8
0.0A 0.0
77.3C 7.0
11.5B 4.5
11.0C 5.3
0.2A 0.2
78.3D 7.8
13.9C 7.0
7.9B 4.6
0.0A 0.0
83.6C 6.0
10.9C 5.2
4.1B 2.6
1.5A 1.5
73.1D 8.2
18.8C 6.5
6.0C 5.7
2.1A 1.6
86.4C 5.5
11.3C 5.2
1.7A 1.7
0.6A 0.6
64.5D 10.0
30.9E 10.1
1.7A 1.0
2.9B 2.9
63.6E 10.1
31.5E 10.1
4.3B 2.9
0.6A 0.6
94.9B 3.3
4.1B 3.2
0.8A 0.6
0.2A 0.2
Toronto 68.8B 4.0
20.6B 3.2
5.4A 1.7
5.2B 2.6
58.1B 4.2
22.6B 3.8
10.8A 2.1
8.5A 2.4
61.5B 4.2
18.0B 2.9
13.1B 3.3
7.4A 2.1
60.9B 4.1
15.1B 2.6
15.9B 3.2
8.1A 2.2
65.4B 4.4
18.4B 3.2
11.0B 3.3
5.2B 2.5
84.7B 2.6
10.6A 2.2
3.9A 1.4
0.9A 0.4
71.8B 4.0
15.0B 3.5
10.3A 2.4
2.9A 1.1
64.4B 4.0
20.5B 3.3
9.4A 2.1
5.7A 2.4
85.7B 3.5
3.8A 1.6
3.4A 1.0
7.0B 3.1
Kingston 69.9E 11.6
25.0E 11.2
5.1B 3.0
0.0A 0.0
36.5E 11.4
55.0E 12.6
4.1B 2.9
4.4B 4.2
48.0E 13.4
19.2E 10.5
20.7E 13.5
12.1C 6.5
26.4E 10.1
59.7E 12.1
5.6B 3.5
8.3C 5.7
39.6E 11.8
47.2E 13.9
13.3D 9.3
0.0A 0.0
43.5E 12.3
43.2E 14.3
13.3D 9.3
0.0A 0.0
58.1E 13.6
16.1D 7.8
25.8E 13.7
0.0A 0.0
34.6E 10.9
55.8E 13.1
9.6D 8.5
0.0A 0.0
86.3E 12.2
13.7E 12.2
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
Hamilton 87.0B 4.6
8.2B 3.3
4.8B 2.5
0.0A 0.0
78.3D 9.2
7.7B 3.2
13.5D 8.6
0.5A 0.5
69.0E 12.5
10.4B 4.3
4.6B 2.5
16.0E 12.5
53.1E 14.0
16.7D 8.8
14.5C 7.5
15.7E 12.5
66.4E 13.3
18.8E 12.4
6.0B 2.8
8.8D 8.3
78.6E 12.4
17.5E 12.4
3.9A 2.4
0.0A 0.0
85.9C 7.0
8.8C 6.3
3.1A 1.8
2.2A 2.1
80.4D 8.1
11.2C 6.8
5.2B 2.7
3.2A 2.3
96.4A 1.9
0.8A 0.8
0.1A 0.1
2.6A 1.6
St. Catharines-Niagara 61.9E 12.7
30.9E 12.5
6.3B 3.9
0.9A 0.7
65.4E 11.7
5.9A 2.2
28.6E 11.2
0.1A 0.0
60.7E 13.2
10.3C 7.4
15.8D 8.1
13.2E 11.2
61.9E 12.3
29.2E 11.5
5.0B 4.1
3.9A 2.5
71.8E 10.4
18.6D 8.3
7.4C 6.1
2.2A 2.2
85.7D 7.5
7.3B 4.4
7.0C 6.1
0.0A 0.0
77.1D 9.9
13.4D 7.7
6.8C 6.1
2.7A 2.3
71.3E 10.7
13.8D 7.8
11.0C 7.0
3.9B 2.5
79.5D 9.7
4.1B 4.0
6.8C 6.5
9.7C 6.8
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 52.5E 13.0
31.1E 14.3
13.0C 7.2
3.4B 3.4
28.5D 9.8
36.3E 12.0
31.7E 14.0
3.5B 3.4
60.0E 11.2
16.2C 7.3
20.4D 8.3
3.5B 3.4
61.0E 11.5
12.5C 5.2
19.2D 8.9
7.3C 6.2
52.9E 12.3
31.5D 10.0
15.6D 7.8
0.0A 0.0
75.3D 9.6
17.6D 8.4
7.1B 4.7
0.0A 0.0
40.2E 11.8
20.0D 8.6
12.2C 5.9
27.6E 14.8
31.7E 11.2
34.2E 10.9
27.0E 14.3
7.1B 5.0
83.0D 8.2
3.4B 3.3
13.1D 7.6
0.6A 0.5
London 88.4D 7.8
4.3B 2.7
7.3C 7.1
0.0A 0.0
80.4D 9.7
1.9A 0.9
17.8D 9.4
0.0A 0.0
53.6F 16.0
26.7F 17.5
14.5D 8.8
5.2B 3.7
70.8E 11.5
17.9D 7.5
10.4D 7.8
0.9A 0.8
67.0E 13.3
18.6E 10.1
7.1B 4.7
7.3C 7.1
75.4E 12.5
14.3D 8.9
10.3D 9.1
0.0A 0.0
81.2E 11.6
18.8E 11.6
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
79.0D 9.9
10.2C 5.4
10.8D 7.8
0.0A 0.0
88.3C 7.2
0.0A 0.0
8.8C 6.8
2.8B 2.6
Windsor 47.7E 12.6
25.2E 10.7
17.0D 9.2
10.1D 9.3
44.5E 12.2
43.2E 13.2
1.7A 1.6
10.6D 9.3
47.3E 12.6
25.1E 10.2
8.0D 7.6
19.6E 10.6
34.8E 10.9
27.6E 12.8
11.4D 7.9
26.2E 11.3
46.6E 12.2
41.8E 12.9
3.0B 3.0
8.5D 7.6
70.0E 13.3
30.0E 13.3
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
78.4D 9.6
15.6D 8.7
0.0A 0.0
6.0C 5.8
46.1E 12.7
34.6E 12.9
19.2D 9.1
0.0A 0.0
85.4E 12.6
14.6E 12.6
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
Thunder Bay 89.2C 6.8
2.9A 2.1
7.9C 6.2
0.0A 0.0
75.3E 12.8
5.0B 3.1
1.8A 1.7
17.8E 12.1
76.5E 12.6
4.9B 3.0
0.8A 0.5
17.8E 12.1
79.4E 10.4
14.5D 8.9
1.8A 1.7
4.3B 4.2
78.8E 10.7
0.8A 0.5
16.1D 9.5
4.3B 4.2
91.4C 6.3
2.6A 1.8
6.0C 5.9
0.0A 0.0
73.3E 13.5
2.6A 1.8
18.1E 12.2
6.0C 5.9
80.7E 10.1
6.3C 6.1
8.6C 6.3
4.3B 4.2
88.2E 10.9
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
11.8E 10.9
Winnipeg 80.2D 8.2
7.8B 4.4
12.0C 6.8
0.0A 0.0
75.5D 9.0
8.3B 4.5
5.4B 3.5
10.8C 6.8
61.4E 11.5
14.6D 7.5
15.1C 6.4
8.9C 6.3
67.4E 10.8
13.9C 7.1
5.8B 3.9
12.9C 7.1
86.9C 7.0
4.1B 3.5
7.0C 5.8
2.0A 1.6
95.3B 3.6
0.8A 0.9
3.9B 3.5
0.0A 0.0
81.2D 9.0
1.0A 0.9
11.8C 7.1
6.0C 5.7
75.6D 9.7
7.3B 4.2
17.1D 8.7
0.0A 0.0
96.7B 3.4
0.0A 0.0
3.3B 3.4
0.0A 0.0
Calgary 83.5C 6.1
14.1C 5.6
2.5A 2.5
0.0A 0.0
69.3D 9.4
13.0C 5.3
15.1D 8.2
2.6A 2.2
80.2C 6.6
8.3B 3.8
11.5C 5.3
0.0A 0.0
77.1C 7.2
14.0C 5.6
4.6B 3.3
4.3B 3.2
81.5C 6.5
11.6C 5.2
6.9B 3.9
0.0A 0.0
89.3B 4.8
6.0B 3.8
2.8A 2.5
2.0A 2.1
91.3B 4.3
6.1B 3.6
0.4A 0.4
2.1A 2.1
77.7C 7.1
14.6C 5.9
3.1A 2.1
4.6B 3.3
94.8B 3.5
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
5.2B 3.5
Edmonton 72.4E 11.4
21.2E 10.4
6.4B 4.7
0.0A 0.0
66.6E 12.5
12.5D 7.6
21.0E 10.3
0.0A 0.0
70.7E 11.9
16.0D 9.5
9.5C 6.6
3.9B 3.9
60.6E 13.3
20.3E 10.1
15.3D 8.7
3.9B 3.9
55.5E 14.6
44.5E 14.6
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
92.7C 5.2
7.3C 5.2
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
86.7C 6.9
13.3C 6.9
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
76.9D 9.8
12.6C 7.3
10.5C 6.8
0.0A 0.0
91.4C 6.2
8.6C 6.2
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
Vancouver 69.9C 6.5
25.6C 6.3
4.6A 2.0
0.0A 0.0
65.8C 6.7
21.4C 5.9
6.1A 2.3
6.7B 3.0
70.2C 6.4
20.2C 5.8
4.8A 2.1
4.8B 2.7
68.7C 5.8
15.0B 3.9
11.3B 3.6
5.0B 2.6
62.2C 7.2
24.1C 6.3
8.3B 3.2
5.4B 4.7
81.0C 5.7
12.5B 3.6
6.5B 4.8
0.0A 0.0
72.3C 6.9
11.4B 3.6
11.2C 6.5
5.1A 2.2
66.9C 6.8
16.6B 4.5
10.0C 5.1
6.5B 2.8
82.8C 6.8
0.0A 0.0
10.7C 6.5
6.5B 2.9
Victoria 100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
97.5A 2.2
0.9A 1.0
1.6A 1.7
0.0A 0.0
98.4A 1.7
0.0A 0.0
1.6A 1.7
0.0A 0.0
87.4D 8.9
7.1C 6.2
0.0A 0.0
5.5C 5.8
82.1F 15.8
0.0A 0.0
17.9F 15.8
0.0A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
82.1F 15.8
17.9F 15.8
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
80.5F 15.9
1.6A 1.7
17.9F 15.8
0.0A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
54.5C 7.0
23.6C 5.5
18.3C 6.6
3.6B 3.0
55.7C 7.0
19.2B 4.6
11.8B 4.0
13.3C 6.8
58.4C 7.0
16.4B 4.4
9.1B 3.0
16.1C 6.9
47.1C 6.9
16.9B 4.5
10.1B 3.5
25.9C 6.9
63.8C 7.1
19.5C 5.2
16.4C 6.5
0.3A 0.2
74.7C 7.0
14.9B 4.6
0.7A 0.5
9.8C 6.4
71.4C 6.7
9.8B 3.1
18.2C 6.6
0.5A 0.3
59.0C 7.0
7.7B 3.3
18.5C 5.1
14.8C 6.3
82.2C 6.7
0.0A 0.0
1.4A 0.7
16.4C 6.8
70.0E 12.1
11.5D 8.4
17.1D 9.7
1.4A 1.3
64.1E 13.4
20.5E 12.4
15.3D 9.3
0.1A 0.1
63.6E 13.3
22.9E 11.7
12.1D 8.9
1.4A 1.3
62.0E 13.7
25.2E 12.7
11.5D 8.9
1.3A 1.3
78.3E 11.3
9.5D 7.9
12.1D 8.9
0.1A 0.1
93.8B 4.3
4.9B 4.0
0.0A 0.0
1.3A 1.3
99.1A 0.5
0.5A 0.3
0.4A 0.4
0.0A 0.0
87.7D 8.9
11.8D 8.9
0.5A 0.3
0.0A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
70.6B 3.1
20.6B 2.8
7.5A 1.7
1.2A 0.5
54.3B 3.4
25.4B 2.8
15.1A 2.4
5.3A 1.6
46.6B 3.5
26.9B 3.0
18.9B 2.8
7.5A 1.6
43.0B 3.6
23.7B 2.7
27.2B 3.4
6.1A 1.4
60.1B 3.5
22.4B 3.0
13.8A 2.3
3.8A 1.7
78.4B 2.8
16.2B 2.5
4.8A 1.4
0.6A 0.4
65.9B 3.4
22.3B 3.1
6.9A 1.9
4.9A 1.4
58.3B 3.4
24.7B 3.1
10.9A 1.9
6.2A 1.4
91.0A 1.7
2.3A 0.9
3.5A 1.1
3.1A 0.9
64.7B 4.4
18.1B 3.1
16.8B 3.8
0.5A 0.3
51.7B 4.6
19.9B 3.9
18.3B 3.8
10.1B 2.8
45.7B 4.6
29.1B 4.4
19.4B 3.8
5.7A 1.8
43.6B 4.6
25.4B 3.8
18.1B 3.9
12.9B 3.1
52.9B 4.6
29.7B 4.2
14.0B 3.5
3.3A 1.3
78.0B 3.9
16.7B 3.6
3.3A 1.3
2.1A 1.1
63.6B 4.6
17.2B 3.5
14.8B 3.8
4.4A 1.9
45.1B 4.4
31.0B 4.4
15.5B 3.5
8.4B 2.5
83.8B 3.5
3.1A 1.2
6.5A 2.3
6.6B 2.5
82.7C 5.5
10.9B 4.2
0.4A 0.4
6.0B 3.5
60.7D 8.8
27.4D 8.5
2.7B 2.5
9.2B 4.4
67.0D 7.6
13.9B 4.9
5.6B 3.4
13.4C 5.7
62.7D 7.9
9.8B 4.4
6.2B 3.0
21.4C 6.6
73.6C 7.3
22.0C 6.9
1.9A 1.8
2.6B 2.5
93.3B 4.4
6.6B 4.4
0.1A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
91.4B 4.1
2.8A 1.9
0.0A 0.0
5.8B 3.6
87.7B 4.6
8.5B 3.9
3.9B 2.5
0.0A 0.0
93.0B 3.8
2.2A 1.9
2.9B 2.9
1.9A 1.8
59.6C 5.7
19.7B 4.4
10.3B 3.9
10.5B 4.1
57.1C 5.7
20.0B 4.3
14.1B 4.4
8.7B 3.3
51.5C 5.7
22.3B 4.5
14.7B 4.2
11.5B 3.3
57.1C 5.6
25.1B 4.9
13.8B 3.8
4.0A 1.6
75.0B 4.2
19.6B 3.9
2.9A 1.2
2.6A 1.2
84.1B 4.5
8.5B 2.5
7.4B 4.0
0.0A 0.0
75.1C 5.0
13.1B 4.2
11.4B 3.6
0.3A 0.3
64.5C 5.4
15.2B 3.6
15.2B 4.3
5.1A 2.4
97.9A 1.0
0.4A 0.3
0.0A 0.0
1.6A 0.9
74.6B 4.1
18.2B 3.5
4.7A 1.7
2.5A 2.3
71.6B 4.1
17.7B 3.7
6.9A 1.9
3.9A 1.5
77.3B 4.2
11.3B 3.0
9.1B 3.2
2.3A 1.2
76.0B 3.8
13.2B 2.6
8.4B 2.9
2.5A 1.4
69.7B 4.5
13.9B 3.6
10.4B 2.7
6.1B 3.0
83.4B 3.2
10.7A 2.5
2.5A 1.0
3.4A 1.9
64.8B 4.5
18.7B 3.5
9.5B 3.0
7.0A 2.5
58.4B 4.8
24.7B 4.3
11.3B 2.7
5.6B 2.6
92.1B 2.8
1.0A 0.5
4.7B 2.5
2.2A 1.1
87.5B 4.2
7.7B 3.6
3.3A 1.9
1.5A 1.5
88.0B 4.1
10.1B 3.9
1.9A 1.3
0.0A 0.0
87.8B 4.1
7.9B 3.6
2.8A 1.6
1.5A 1.5
88.8B 4.0
5.7B 3.2
5.5A 2.4
0.0A 0.0
83.1C 5.1
8.5B 3.7
4.3A 2.1
4.1B 2.9
91.0B 3.7
7.3B 3.5
1.7A 1.3
0.0A 0.0
90.1B 3.8
7.9B 3.6
1.7A 1.3
0.2A 0.2
87.4B 4.2
9.4B 3.8
3.3A 1.8
0.0A 0.0
93.7B 2.6
3.8A 2.0
1.7A 1.3
0.8A 0.8
51.8D 9.4
34.0D 9.2
9.5C 6.6
4.7B 4.2
47.8D 9.4
10.3C 5.7
24.5D 8.0
17.4D 8.4
53.0D 9.4
23.2D 8.2
13.5C 7.0
10.3C 6.2
45.1D 9.3
19.8C 7.5
10.9C 5.1
24.3D 9.2
47.5D 9.4
40.6D 9.5
6.2B 3.8
5.8B 4.0
79.1D 8.2
20.4D 8.2
0.6A 0.5
0.0A 0.0
65.6D 9.0
20.6D 7.9
6.4B 4.1
7.4B 4.8
67.2D 9.0
15.1C 5.8
7.6C 6.5
10.1C 5.6
85.9C 6.6
1.9A 1.5
2.4A 2.4
9.7C 6.2
79.0C 6.1
20.2C 6.1
0.7A 0.5
0.0A 0.0
75.0C 6.4
17.2C 5.7
5.9B 2.5
1.8A 1.8
82.5C 5.7
9.3B 4.6
2.8A 2.1
5.4B 3.0
83.9B 4.8
13.1B 4.4
0.9A 0.5
2.1A 1.9
71.0C 7.3
15.4B 4.7
9.5C 5.3
4.1B 3.9
83.1C 5.5
9.1B 3.4
7.8B 4.4
0.1A 0.1
79.2C 7.0
9.4C 5.4
7.7B 4.4
3.7B 2.9
82.6C 5.5
9.9B 3.8
7.1B 4.2
0.4A 0.2
71.8D 8.6
5.9B 3.0
11.5D 7.6
10.9C 5.6
Tourism 78.3D 7.7
18.0D 7.7
1.6A 0.9
2.2A 1.6
71.5D 8.4
22.2D 8.0
2.5A 1.6
3.7B 3.3
76.2D 7.8
12.4C 6.9
2.6A 1.3
8.9B 4.4
82.3C 6.0
10.5B 4.8
3.6A 1.6
3.5B 3.3
63.0D 9.6
16.1C 5.9
11.5D 8.4
9.5C 6.9
82.0D 7.8
9.8B 4.7
8.1C 6.8
0.0A 0.0
74.9D 9.9
16.5D 8.7
8.5C 6.8
0.2A 0.1
78.6D 7.8
11.9B 4.9
9.3C 6.8
0.2A 0.1
73.5D 9.9
4.9B 3.3
8.1C 6.8
13.5D 8.8
Information and 81.9B 4.7
11.9B 4.3
3.8A 1.9
2.3A 1.2
66.4C 5.8
21.5C 5.0
8.5B 3.9
3.7A 1.8
73.9C 5.6
16.8B 4.7
3.9A 1.8
5.4B 3.7
77.3C 5.4
8.7B 2.6
6.7B 3.9
7.2B 3.8
54.6C 6.1
31.4C 6.1
11.3B 4.3
2.6A 1.3
73.0C 5.7
11.8B 3.3
15.2C 5.3
0.0A 0.0
75.1C 5.0
4.0A 2.0
8.4B 2.7
12.5B 4.2
62.7C 5.9
13.1B 3.5
12.3B 4.3
11.8B 4.4
90.5B 2.8
2.6A 1.6
3.7A 1.9
3.3A 1.4
Knowledge-Based Industries 77.4C 7.1
20.3C 6.8
2.1A 1.5
0.2A 0.2
76.1C 6.5
11.7B 4.3
7.7B 3.2
4.6A 2.2
71.9D 7.8
16.1C 5.8
10.2B 4.5
1.7A 1.5
65.9D 8.7
18.3C 6.0
10.6B 4.2
5.2B 4.3
64.3D 9.6
28.9D 9.2
5.3B 2.9
1.5A 0.8
84.7C 5.7
11.5C 5.0
3.5B 2.6
0.4A 0.3
68.1D 9.5
18.9C 6.7
12.3D 7.8
0.7A 0.5
65.1D 9.0
27.3D 8.1
6.1B 3.2
1.6A 0.9
73.0E 12.3
0.8A 0.6
24.1E 12.5
2.1A 1.3
Rural 62.0B 4.7
24.9B 4.2
9.8B 2.7
3.4A 1.4
59.1B 4.8
19.5B 4.0
15.8B 3.5
5.6A 2.1
54.1B 4.9
20.9B 3.9
15.9B 3.5
9.1B 2.5
52.7B 4.9
20.1B 3.7
16.2B 3.4
11.1B 3.1
63.7B 4.7
20.4B 3.9
10.7B 3.0
5.2A 2.4
82.4B 3.5
13.0B 2.9
2.9A 1.6
1.7A 1.5
72.4B 4.3
14.2B 3.2
10.6B 3.0
2.8A 1.7
65.1B 4.5
19.2B 3.9
10.6A 2.5
5.1A 1.9
92.0A 2.2
1.9A 0.9
1.5A 0.9
4.6A 1.8
Urban 73.7A 2.0
17.2A 1.7
6.4A 0.9
2.7A 0.9
64.6A 2.3
20.1A 2.0
9.3A 1.1
6.0A 1.0
66.5A 2.2
17.0A 1.6
10.2A 1.3
6.3A 1.1
65.0A 2.1
16.9A 1.5
11.1A 1.3
6.9A 1.1
67.9A 2.2
19.0A 1.8
9.3A 1.4
3.7A 1.2
83.2A 1.7
11.3A 1.3
3.9A 1.0
1.6A 0.6
72.9A 2.1
14.5A 1.6
7.8A 1.3
4.8A 1.0
66.4A 2.2
18.7A 1.7
10.1A 1.3
4.7A 0.9
87.8A 2.0
2.3A 0.6
5.2A 1.6
4.7A 1.2
Exporter 71.9A 1.9
18.4A 1.6
6.9A 0.9
2.8A 0.8
63.7A 2.1
20.0A 1.8
10.3A 1.1
6.0A 0.9
64.6A 2.0
17.6A 1.5
11.1A 1.3
6.7A 1.0
63.1A 2.0
17.4A 1.4
11.9A 1.2
7.6A 1.0
67.2A 2.0
19.3A 1.6
9.5A 1.3
4.0A 1.1
83.1A 1.5
11.6A 1.2
3.7A 0.9
1.6A 0.6
72.8A 1.9
14.5A 1.5
8.2A 1.2
4.5A 0.9
66.2A 2.0
18.8A 1.6
10.2A 1.2
4.7A 0.9
88.4A 1.7
2.3A 0.5
4.7A 1.4
4.6A 1.0
Non-exporter .... ..
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High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 60.9C 6.2
29.6C 6.0
7.3B 2.5
2.2A 1.1
62.8C 6.0
22.1C 5.6
10.0B 2.7
5.1A 2.1
62.0C 6.1
21.9C 5.4
6.0A 1.8
10.1B 3.9
59.7C 6.0
20.6B 4.4
9.3B 2.7
10.4B 4.2
59.9C 6.4
22.4C 5.1
8.9B 2.8
8.8C 5.1
67.0C 6.4
20.1B 4.9
7.3B 4.4
5.7B 3.5
65.9C 6.1
9.0B 3.1
15.8C 5.0
9.2B 3.9
60.3C 6.2
18.7B 4.8
11.0B 4.6
10.0B 3.2
87.1B 4.8
2.6A 1.8
6.4B 4.3
3.9A 1.9
73.6B 4.8
17.1B 3.8
8.5B 3.1
0.8A 0.4
59.3C 6.0
22.9B 4.7
12.6B 3.6
5.1A 2.2
64.2C 5.5
16.5B 3.6
15.2B 3.9
4.1A 1.8
63.1C 5.6
19.7B 4.4
8.6A 2.2
8.6B 2.7
60.0C 6.3
21.2B 4.6
16.3C 5.6
2.4A 1.3
76.2B 4.8
12.0B 3.3
9.7B 3.6
2.1A 1.1
64.1C 6.2
24.6C 6.0
7.5B 2.6
3.8A 2.2
66.5C 5.5
18.7B 4.3
12.7B 3.5
2.1A 0.9
86.6C 5.5
0.8A 0.5
3.3A 2.2
9.3C 5.2
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 73.6B 2.5
16.2A 2.0
7.5A 1.5
2.8A 1.0
63.4B 2.9
19.5A 2.3
11.5A 1.7
5.6A 1.5
63.1B 2.9
17.8A 2.1
12.4A 1.9
6.6A 1.4
59.4B 3.0
18.2A 2.1
14.4A 2.0
8.0A 1.6
61.3B 3.1
23.8B 2.8
11.0A 1.9
3.9A 1.2
84.8A 1.8
12.7A 1.7
2.1A 0.6
0.4A 0.2
74.4B 2.7
15.5A 2.0
7.5A 2.1
2.6A 0.8
63.1B 3.0
22.3B 2.6
11.9A 2.0
2.6A 0.7
88.9A 2.3
3.1A 1.1
4.5A 1.8
3.5A 1.2
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 79.1B 4.8
15.2B 4.5
5.1A 1.8
0.6A 0.6
73.5C 5.3
13.8B 4.2
7.9B 2.5
4.8A 2.0
70.6C 5.5
15.6B 4.3
8.2A 2.2
5.5A 2.4
74.6B 4.6
11.9B 3.0
9.8B 2.6
3.7A 1.8
88.6B 2.7
8.3A 2.4
2.8A 1.1
0.2A 0.2
93.5A 2.0
3.4A 1.2
1.8A 0.9
1.2A 1.2
84.9B 4.4
10.1B 4.0
3.1A 1.2
1.8A 1.3
80.6B 4.4
11.8B 3.9
4.3A 1.4
3.4A 1.4
86.2C 6.7
2.1A 1.0
8.4C 6.8
3.4A 1.6
68.6C 6.1
21.6C 5.4
7.8B 3.6
2.0A 1.9
70.3C 5.6
11.3B 3.2
9.4B 3.7
9.1B 3.7
71.8C 5.2
12.2B 3.5
6.7A 2.3
9.3B 3.6
66.6C 5.8
19.7B 4.8
7.3B 3.0
6.3B 2.5
74.9C 5.4
16.9B 5.0
6.0A 2.2
2.2A 1.4
85.5B 3.9
11.0B 3.5
1.6A 0.9
1.9A 1.4
63.1C 6.7
10.9B 4.0
11.9B 4.1
14.1C 6.0
63.7C 6.1
17.8B 4.6
11.1B 3.8
7.5B 3.4
90.3B 3.2
1.5A 0.8
3.0A 1.4
5.3B 2.8
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 70.4C 7.1
12.8B 3.8
4.6A 2.1
12.2C 6.7
58.1C 7.5
23.4C 7.2
9.2B 3.6
9.3B 4.2
58.7D 7.6
17.8B 4.9
16.3D 7.6
7.2B 3.9
59.3C 7.3
15.2B 4.3
16.5C 6.5
9.0B 3.7
72.1C 6.7
14.8B 4.2
5.1A 2.3
8.0C 5.9
90.6B 3.1
7.3B 2.9
1.8A 1.0
0.3A 0.2
77.6B 4.9
11.2B 3.6
7.9B 2.5
3.3A 2.0
63.6C 6.9
17.7B 4.5
7.9A 2.5
10.7C 6.0
92.1B 2.7
2.2A 1.4
1.8A 1.1
3.9A 2.0
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 76.5B 3.3
17.6B 2.9
4.8A 1.6
1.0A 0.6
66.0B 3.9
20.6B 3.5
8.0A 1.9
5.4A 1.5
72.5B 3.3
15.6B 2.7
8.0A 1.9
3.9A 1.1
68.5B 3.5
14.6A 2.5
9.7A 1.9
7.2A 1.9
66.5B 3.8
21.7B 3.5
7.0A 1.7
4.7A 1.8
83.2B 2.9
11.3A 2.2
3.2A 1.4
2.3A 1.4
69.4B 3.8
15.6B 2.9
7.7A 2.4
7.3A 2.3
67.7B 3.8
20.1B 3.3
9.0A 1.9
3.2A 1.1
90.4B 2.6
2.4A 1.0
4.0A 2.1
3.3A 1.3
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 71.3B 3.7
21.2B 3.6
5.3A 1.4
2.2A 1.0
59.8B 4.1
22.8B 3.7
11.2A 2.3
6.1A 2.0
57.5B 4.1
21.5B 3.5
11.3A 2.4
9.6B 2.7
59.1B 4.0
21.1B 3.3
11.1A 2.4
8.7A 2.5
66.0B 4.0
20.0B 3.3
9.9A 2.2
4.1B 2.6
76.1B 3.8
16.7B 3.1
5.9B 2.7
1.3A 0.6
74.0B 3.7
12.9A 2.5
8.8B 3.0
4.4A 1.5
60.5B 4.0
21.3B 3.3
13.2B 3.3
5.0A 1.6
88.0B 3.2
3.5A 1.6
4.9B 2.6
3.6A 1.5
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 68.4B 3.0
18.7A 2.4
10.5A 1.8
2.5A 1.0
65.6B 3.0
16.6A 2.0
12.3A 1.7
5.5A 1.4
63.4B 3.1
16.9A 2.1
12.4A 1.7
7.3A 1.7
61.7B 3.2
18.2A 2.1
13.3A 1.9
6.8A 1.4
67.5B 3.3
17.6A 2.1
12.9B 2.7
2.1A 0.8
85.7A 1.8
9.6A 1.4
3.3A 0.9
1.4A 0.7
74.1B 3.0
15.3B 2.7
8.5A 1.7
2.1A 0.7
69.4B 2.9
16.2A 2.2
10.0A 1.7
4.4A 1.0
85.8B 3.6
1.4A 0.4
5.9B 3.0
6.8A 2.4
70.9B 3.3
18.8B 2.7
8.3A 1.9
2.0A 1.0
59.8B 3.7
20.4B 2.9
11.6A 2.1
8.1A 1.8
63.0B 3.6
18.3B 2.7
11.3A 2.1
7.4A 1.9
58.5B 3.7
19.9B 2.7
12.2A 1.9
9.4A 2.1
60.1B 3.9
21.9B 3.1
12.0B 2.7
6.0A 2.3
74.7B 3.3
15.9A 2.4
5.7A 2.1
3.8A 1.5
63.2B 3.8
18.4B 3.0
10.8B 2.8
7.6A 2.0
57.7B 3.8
23.1B 3.0
14.0B 2.6
5.2A 1.4
81.6B 3.5
3.7A 1.2
7.4B 2.6
7.3A 2.4
66.4B 3.8
24.4B 3.6
6.1A 1.5
3.1A 1.2
54.7B 4.1
26.4B 3.7
11.9A 2.0
6.9A 2.0
58.4B 4.0
23.6B 3.5
8.6A 1.8
9.4A 2.5
56.4B 4.0
23.6B 3.2
12.3A 2.2
7.6A 2.1
57.8B 4.1
25.4B 3.8
11.4A 2.2
5.4B 2.9
70.1B 4.0
21.3B 3.2
5.0A 2.5
3.6A 2.0
61.9B 4.1
19.8B 3.0
11.0B 3.5
7.3A 2.4
52.9B 4.2
29.4B 3.8
13.1B 3.0
4.6A 1.2
82.4B 3.8
3.8A 1.5
8.9B 3.5
4.8A 1.4
69.9B 4.3
20.3B 3.7
7.7A 2.3
2.1A 1.3
61.4B 4.6
20.5B 3.8
11.6B 2.6
6.5A 2.2
59.6B 4.7
20.9B 3.8
11.9B 2.7
7.6A 2.5
59.5B 4.6
20.1B 3.5
10.5A 2.2
9.9B 2.7
55.9B 4.9
24.3B 4.3
14.4B 3.7
5.5B 3.1
75.0B 4.4
15.1B 3.1
7.0B 3.1
2.9A 1.9
59.3B 4.9
22.3B 4.3
12.5B 3.8
5.9A 2.3
55.8B 4.9
22.6B 3.9
17.6B 3.6
4.0A 1.4
80.7B 4.7
4.3A 1.6
9.4B 3.7
5.6B 3.2
68.1B 4.0
21.4B 3.4
8.6A 2.4
2.0A 0.8
56.3B 4.6
23.1B 3.8
13.1B 2.8
7.5A 2.1
61.0B 4.4
17.2B 3.1
11.2B 2.6
10.6B 2.9
55.8B 4.6
23.9B 3.6
10.1A 2.1
10.2B 2.8
57.2B 4.7
27.8B 4.0
10.9B 3.6
4.0A 1.5
75.8B 3.7
17.7B 3.2
5.1A 1.9
1.4A 0.6
65.3B 4.5
20.5B 4.1
7.1A 1.7
7.1A 2.1
57.6B 4.5
22.6B 3.5
13.5B 2.8
6.4A 1.6
84.8B 3.8
3.5A 1.4
3.5A 1.5
8.2B 3.5
70.3B 2.6
20.0A 2.3
7.3A 1.4
2.4A 0.8
59.6B 2.9
22.6A 2.5
10.6A 1.5
7.2A 1.4
61.8B 2.9
18.9A 2.2
10.9A 1.6
8.4A 1.6
58.8B 2.9
20.2A 2.2
12.8A 1.6
8.2A 1.5
61.2B 3.0
22.4A 2.5
11.6A 2.0
4.7A 1.6
78.6A 2.4
14.1A 1.8
4.7A 1.5
2.5A 1.0
66.7B 2.9
17.6A 2.3
9.6A 2.0
6.1A 1.4
60.1B 2.9
21.9A 2.4
12.5A 1.9
5.5A 1.1
84.3B 2.5
3.7A 1.0
5.8A 1.8
6.2A 1.7
73.5B 2.7
16.7A 2.2
6.4A 1.2
3.4A 1.5
69.2B 2.8
16.1A 2.3
9.8A 1.5
4.9A 1.2
67.2B 2.9
16.3A 2.1
11.4A 2.1
5.2A 1.1
67.0B 2.8
14.5A 1.8
11.3A 1.9
7.3A 1.5
73.3B 2.8
15.9A 2.2
7.6A 1.5
3.3A 1.4
87.8A 1.7
8.9A 1.5
2.7A 0.8
0.6A 0.3
78.8A 2.5
11.3A 1.9
7.0A 1.4
2.9A 1.1
72.2B 2.8
16.0A 2.3
7.7A 1.4
4.1A 1.4
92.7A 2.4
0.6A 0.2
3.5A 2.3
3.2A 1.0
Holds IP 70.6B 2.7
20.3A 2.3
7.1A 1.3
2.0A 1.1
64.1B 2.7
20.0A 2.2
11.9A 1.5
4.0A 0.9
62.4B 2.8
19.9A 2.2
12.6A 1.9
5.1A 1.1
60.8B 2.8
19.0A 2.0
13.1A 1.8
7.1A 1.4
60.1B 3.1
21.0A 2.5
12.9A 2.1
6.0A 1.9
79.7A 2.3
13.6A 1.7
4.8A 1.4
2.0A 0.9
67.5B 2.9
17.6A 2.3
9.4A 1.9
5.5A 1.4
60.6B 3.0
21.8A 2.4
12.4A 1.9
5.2A 1.3
87.7A 2.3
2.2A 0.7
5.7A 1.7
4.4A 1.5
Holds Formal IP 70.5B 3.6
17.9B 2.7
8.0A 1.9
3.5A 2.4
60.9B 3.8
22.4B 3.1
11.9A 2.0
4.7A 1.4
55.0B 4.1
20.5B 2.8
17.6B 3.2
6.9A 2.2
54.0B 4.1
21.0B 2.9
16.9B 3.1
8.1A 2.4
51.0B 4.2
25.5B 3.8
19.0B 3.8
4.6A 2.4
78.1B 3.0
16.4B 2.8
4.7A 1.3
0.9A 0.4
65.1B 4.2
19.1B 3.5
9.8B 2.8
6.0A 1.9
54.9B 4.1
26.7B 3.4
12.4A 2.4
6.0A 2.4
82.4B 4.0
2.8A 1.2
7.7B 2.9
7.1B 3.1
No IP 73.2B 2.7
16.2A 2.2
6.6A 1.2
4.0A 1.3
64.0B 3.1
19.0B 2.6
8.2A 1.5
8.7A 1.8
66.6B 3.0
15.0A 2.1
9.3A 1.8
9.1A 1.8
64.9B 2.9
15.7A 2.0
10.8A 1.6
8.6A 1.7
75.2A 2.5
17.3A 2.1
5.8A 1.3
1.7A 0.6
86.9A 1.9
9.4A 1.6
2.5A 0.8
1.2A 0.7
78.4B 2.5
11.0A 1.9
7.2A 1.5
3.4A 1.2
72.2B 2.7
15.9A 2.2
7.5A 1.3
4.4A 1.1
88.9B 2.7
2.4A 0.9
3.5A 2.4
5.2A 1.4
Familiar with at least one type of IP 71.1A 2.0
19.1A 1.7
7.1A 1.0
2.7A 0.9
63.3A 2.2
20.0A 1.8
10.9A 1.2
5.8A 0.9
63.1A 2.2
18.1A 1.6
12.0A 1.4
6.8A 1.0
62.4A 2.1
17.6A 1.5
12.5A 1.3
7.6A 1.1
65.3A 2.2
19.9A 1.8
10.5A 1.4
4.3A 1.2
81.8A 1.7
12.4A 1.3
4.0A 1.0
1.8A 0.6
70.5A 2.1
15.7A 1.7
8.8A 1.4
5.0A 1.0
64.4A 2.2
20.1A 1.8
10.9A 1.3
4.7A 0.9
87.3A 1.9
2.5A 0.6
5.2A 1.6
5.0A 1.1
Not familiar with any type of IP 77.5C 5.2
12.9B 4.1
4.9A 2.2
4.7B 2.7
70.8C 6.1
16.0B 4.9
4.8A 2.0
8.4B 3.9
73.6C 5.5
14.3B 4.0
4.4A 1.9
7.7B 3.6
64.9C 6.4
16.7B 4.7
8.9B 3.3
9.5B 3.6
79.5B 4.8
14.9B 4.3
3.2A 1.7
2.3A 1.3
92.3B 3.0
5.4B 2.7
2.2A 1.2
0.1A 0.1
88.0B 3.6
6.1B 2.8
5.0A 2.1
1.0A 0.9
76.8B 5.0
11.8B 3.7
5.1A 1.9
6.2B 2.6
95.9B 2.6
0.6A 0.5
0.7A 0.6
2.8B 2.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 65.4C 5.1
19.5B 4.3
14.6B 4.1
0.6A 0.6
47.9C 5.1
31.1B 5.0
19.8B 4.3
1.2A 0.8
54.2C 5.2
24.4B 4.3
18.6B 4.3
2.7A 1.3
46.1C 5.1
30.1B 4.8
19.9B 4.3
4.0A 2.2
47.8C 5.1
23.7B 3.9
24.4C 5.0
4.1A 2.5
68.3B 5.0
19.5B 4.1
10.0B 3.8
2.3A 1.3
57.9C 5.2
25.9B 4.7
10.8B 3.6
5.5B 2.6
48.4C 5.1
29.4B 4.8
18.7B 4.4
3.5A 2.4
83.7B 3.5
5.3A 2.5
5.2A 1.9
5.7A 2.0
<30 years old 52.4F 18.7
39.0F 19.3
8.7C 6.4
0.0A 0.0
27.0E 14.6
48.1F 18.6
19.4F 15.5
5.6C 5.5
52.2F 18.7
25.7F 20.0
2.8A 2.3
19.3E 13.5
43.1F 17.9
4.4B 3.5
40.2F 19.6
12.2D 8.2
43.1F 17.9
41.5F 19.4
9.8C 6.7
5.5C 5.6
62.2F 19.1
31.1F 19.6
6.7C 5.8
0.0A 0.0
54.5F 18.7
25.7F 20.0
14.3D 8.6
5.5C 5.6
51.4F 18.6
26.4F 19.9
16.6D 9.1
5.5C 5.6
94.4C 5.5
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
5.6C 5.5
30 to 39 years old 72.3C 5.7
17.0B 4.5
8.3B 3.7
2.4A 2.2
64.0C 6.4
19.7C 5.6
8.6B 3.7
7.7B 3.2
65.3C 6.3
15.5B 4.1
12.8C 5.3
6.4B 2.9
73.7C 5.1
10.0B 3.2
5.3A 2.0
11.0B 3.8
82.8B 4.2
11.1B 3.5
6.0A 2.5
0.1A 0.0
88.3B 3.8
4.5A 2.0
4.5B 2.8
2.8A 1.9
74.3C 5.7
12.0B 4.2
4.2A 2.0
9.6B 4.3
74.8C 5.3
14.1B 4.1
8.8B 3.5
2.3A 1.8
89.0B 3.8
3.6A 2.2
3.3A 2.3
4.1A 2.3
40 to 49 years old 68.1B 4.1
24.5B 3.8
3.5A 1.0
3.8A 1.5
56.2B 4.5
27.3B 4.4
9.7A 2.1
6.8A 1.9
62.5B 4.2
21.3B 3.6
7.7A 1.7
8.5A 2.4
57.6B 4.3
22.2B 3.3
11.6A 2.4
8.6A 2.4
58.1B 4.6
21.9B 3.6
14.3B 3.5
5.7B 2.5
78.6B 3.6
14.2B 2.9
5.7A 2.4
1.5A 0.8
68.2B 4.4
16.1B 3.6
11.9B 3.1
3.8A 1.5
60.8B 4.3
21.1B 3.5
14.0B 3.2
4.0A 1.3
88.0B 3.6
2.2A 1.0
3.5A 2.2
6.3B 3.0
50 to 64 years old 75.1A 2.4
14.3A 1.7
7.4A 1.3
3.1A 1.4
67.9B 2.6
15.8A 1.8
10.5A 1.5
5.7A 1.3
66.2B 2.8
15.0A 1.8
13.1A 2.0
5.7A 1.2
62.8B 2.9
18.1A 2.0
12.5A 1.9
6.6A 1.3
66.6B 2.9
20.4A 2.4
8.9A 1.5
4.2A 1.6
84.1A 2.0
11.8A 1.6
2.8A 0.8
1.3A 1.0
73.6B 2.5
15.2A 2.0
7.3A 1.7
3.9A 1.2
65.5B 2.9
19.2A 2.3
9.1A 1.4
6.2A 1.6
88.3B 2.7
1.9A 0.7
5.9B 2.6
3.9A 1.1
65+ years old 69.0C 5.1
20.3B 4.5
10.4B 2.8
0.4A 0.3
65.8B 5.0
18.6B 3.8
12.2B 2.9
3.5A 1.6
63.2C 5.1
20.7B 3.9
9.5A 2.3
6.5B 2.6
65.9B 4.9
13.0B 2.9
15.8B 3.4
5.4A 2.2
73.6B 4.3
17.2B 3.4
5.7A 1.8
3.5A 1.9
84.8B 3.1
11.7B 2.8
1.9A 0.9
1.6A 0.9
78.9B 3.8
10.8B 2.6
7.6A 2.4
2.6A 1.3
72.2B 4.4
17.0B 3.6
7.4A 2.0
3.4A 1.5
88.8B 2.9
2.6A 1.5
4.1A 1.8
4.4A 1.8
Less than high school 74.3C 6.3
14.2B 4.8
7.7B 3.6
3.7B 2.6
69.5C 6.8
7.4B 2.6
16.5C 5.5
6.6B 3.2
65.6C 7.2
14.7B 5.0
10.4B 3.9
9.2B 3.8
67.8C 7.0
15.6B 4.9
9.8B 4.1
6.8B 3.2
80.6C 5.6
16.5C 5.3
2.8A 2.1
0.1A 0.1
91.9B 3.6
7.0B 3.5
1.1A 1.1
0.0A 0.0
89.5B 3.9
3.9A 2.0
4.6B 2.7
2.1A 1.8
85.8B 4.2
7.7B 2.9
5.7B 2.9
0.8A 0.5
93.4B 3.1
1.2A 1.1
3.0A 2.1
2.5A 2.0
High school 66.7C 5.1
19.6B 4.7
10.6B 2.9
3.1A 1.6
54.7C 5.2
18.5B 4.5
12.8B 3.3
14.0B 3.9
52.6C 5.2
26.5B 4.9
9.0B 2.7
12.0B 3.6
51.7C 5.2
22.9B 3.9
10.4B 2.7
14.9B 3.8
61.7C 5.1
23.8B 4.0
6.0A 2.2
8.5B 4.1
80.9B 4.7
10.3B 2.6
6.0B 4.1
2.8A 1.8
74.5B 5.0
11.3B 3.0
10.5B 4.3
3.7A 2.1
64.1C 5.1
17.6B 3.6
12.0B 4.3
6.3A 2.3
85.9B 4.6
1.8A 0.8
4.8B 4.0
7.4B 2.9
College/Cegep/Trade School 70.7B 3.6
20.0B 3.1
6.1A 1.6
3.2A 1.4
63.2B 3.9
20.6B 3.4
10.0A 2.0
6.2A 1.9
59.5B 4.0
20.7B 3.3
13.0A 2.4
6.7A 1.7
58.8B 4.0
18.9B 3.0
13.8B 2.5
8.6A 2.3
68.0B 4.0
22.5B 3.6
6.7A 1.7
2.9A 1.9
81.9B 3.3
12.1B 2.6
2.2A 0.8
3.9A 2.1
75.7B 3.4
11.6A 2.4
7.2A 1.6
5.5A 2.3
66.1B 3.8
20.2B 3.5
8.8A 1.9
4.9A 1.4
93.8A 1.7
1.9A 1.2
2.4A 0.8
2.0A 0.9
Bachelor's degree 73.1B 3.2
17.9B 2.6
6.7A 1.6
2.2A 1.2
63.8B 3.8
22.4B 3.3
9.9A 1.9
3.9A 1.2
69.3B 3.4
13.7A 2.2
12.3A 2.3
4.7A 1.5
67.2B 3.3
15.4A 2.3
12.1A 2.0
5.4A 1.5
71.8B 3.3
16.5B 2.8
8.4A 1.6
3.3A 1.2
84.8A 2.2
10.9A 1.8
4.2A 1.3
0.1A 0.1
72.2B 3.4
13.5A 2.3
9.1A 2.3
5.2A 1.7
68.3B 3.3
16.8B 2.6
10.7A 1.9
4.2A 1.1
86.3B 3.4
2.1A 0.9
7.9B 3.2
3.7A 1.2
Master's degree or above 74.1B 4.1
17.4B 3.3
5.3A 1.6
3.2B 2.6
69.2B 3.9
18.3B 3.1
8.7A 1.9
3.9A 1.4
69.8B 4.2
15.7B 2.9
8.3B 2.9
6.3A 2.3
67.4B 4.2
16.0B 2.8
11.0B 3.0
5.6A 2.1
59.6B 4.9
18.1B 3.3
18.1B 4.3
4.1B 2.7
81.4B 3.3
13.9B 3.0
3.5A 1.5
1.2A 0.5
66.8B 4.6
23.3B 4.4
6.9A 2.0
3.0A 1.0
60.7B 4.6
23.8B 3.8
10.4B 2.5
5.1B 2.7
87.3B 3.7
3.6A 1.5
1.5A 0.6
7.6B 3.5
In Canada 71.7A 2.2
20.1A 2.0
6.0A 0.9
2.2A 0.6
63.4A 2.4
20.8A 2.1
10.6A 1.3
5.2A 1.0
63.6A 2.4
18.8A 1.9
11.3A 1.4
6.3A 1.1
64.0A 2.3
17.4A 1.7
11.8A 1.3
6.8A 1.1
69.5A 2.3
17.7A 1.7
9.5A 1.5
3.3A 1.1
84.1A 1.7
10.5A 1.2
3.5A 1.0
1.9A 0.8
73.1A 2.3
15.2A 1.9
7.2A 1.3
4.5A 1.2
67.7A 2.3
19.4A 1.9
8.5A 1.3
4.4A 0.8
88.7A 2.2
2.5A 0.7
4.5A 1.8
4.4A 1.3
Outside Canada 72.3B 3.4
14.4A 2.3
8.9A 2.0
4.4A 2.2
64.4B 3.8
18.3B 3.1
9.7A 2.1
7.6A 2.0
66.9B 3.7
14.9A 2.4
10.5B 2.6
7.7A 2.1
61.1B 3.9
17.4B 2.6
12.2B 2.6
9.4A 2.3
62.0B 4.0
22.9B 3.5
9.7A 2.2
5.5A 2.2
80.8B 3.0
14.1B 2.6
4.3A 1.6
0.8A 0.4
72.2B 3.5
12.8A 2.4
10.7B 2.7
4.3A 1.2
62.9B 3.8
17.5B 2.8
14.1B 2.6
5.6A 2.1
87.9B 2.6
1.9A 0.7
5.0A 2.2
5.2A 1.6
0% 71.3B 2.6
19.6A 2.2
6.3A 1.1
2.8A 1.2
65.7B 2.7
20.6A 2.4
8.9A 1.3
4.7A 1.1
64.6B 2.8
18.2A 2.1
11.8A 2.0
5.5A 1.1
64.2B 2.7
18.4A 1.9
12.8A 1.8
4.6A 0.9
69.2B 2.7
17.2A 2.0
8.8A 1.5
4.8A 1.8
82.3A 2.1
10.7A 1.4
4.9A 1.4
2.0A 0.9
73.6B 2.5
12.6A 1.6
9.1A 1.9
4.7A 1.3
64.2B 2.8
20.1A 2.2
9.9A 1.7
5.9A 1.4
87.8B 2.6
2.3A 0.7
6.8B 2.5
3.0A 0.9
1% to 49% 66.4C 5.1
20.0B 4.4
11.1B 3.5
2.5A 1.2
59.2C 5.1
23.5B 4.5
11.1A 2.4
6.2A 2.4
59.3C 5.1
23.8B 4.7
9.8A 2.1
7.1A 2.4
60.7C 5.0
15.5B 3.2
13.5B 3.2
10.4B 3.4
64.1C 5.1
22.8B 4.6
11.8B 3.1
1.3A 0.6
82.4B 4.1
12.5B 3.7
1.4A 0.7
3.7A 2.0
62.2C 5.4
21.1B 4.7
9.7B 3.1
6.9B 3.5
59.1C 5.3
25.3C 5.0
9.3A 2.4
6.3A 2.3
91.4B 2.9
2.3A 1.8
2.5A 1.0
3.8A 2.1
50% 75.5B 3.7
16.9B 3.3
6.9A 1.8
0.7A 0.7
64.4B 4.5
14.9B 3.3
14.6B 3.1
6.1A 2.2
66.0B 4.2
17.2B 3.1
10.8A 2.2
6.0A 2.2
64.4B 4.3
16.5B 2.9
8.7A 2.1
10.4B 2.8
64.4B 4.9
19.8B 3.6
11.0B 4.0
4.8A 2.2
85.9B 2.7
11.8B 2.5
2.2A 0.9
0.1A 0.1
72.9B 4.6
17.5B 4.3
6.1A 1.9
3.5A 1.5
72.1B 3.9
12.5B 3.0
12.2B 2.6
3.3A 1.1
85.7B 4.1
1.5A 0.7
2.9A 1.0
9.9B 4.1
51% to 99% 69.4E 10.0
28.1D 9.9
2.5A 1.7
0.0A 0.0
71.1D 9.8
23.1D 9.5
5.3B 3.1
0.5A 0.4
69.7D 9.5
17.5D 7.6
10.5C 6.1
2.2A 2.3
59.8E 10.8
18.7D 9.3
15.7C 7.0
5.9B 3.9
68.1E 10.2
24.1D 9.8
6.3B 3.7
1.4A 1.2
78.4D 8.8
21.6D 8.8
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
65.0E 11.3
24.9E 10.8
1.8A 1.8
8.3C 6.2
65.2E 10.8
29.9E 10.8
4.8B 2.6
0.0A 0.0
87.9C 7.4
0.0A 0.0
1.9A 1.8
10.2C 7.3
100% 75.5C 5.9
10.4B 3.4
6.5B 3.4
7.6B 3.7
56.2D 8.1
20.6C 7.0
10.4B 4.2
12.7B 4.5
66.9C 6.9
8.8B 3.3
9.7B 4.0
14.7C 5.2
59.6C 7.5
15.9B 5.0
10.3B 3.7
14.3C 5.1
65.7C 7.0
22.6C 6.2
9.3B 3.5
2.4A 1.4
84.4C 5.5
11.2B 4.7
4.3B 3.1
0.0A 0.0
82.9C 5.0
8.1B 3.7
7.8B 3.4
1.2A 0.8
74.6C 6.0
12.9B 4.3
11.1B 4.4
1.3A 0.8
92.6B 3.2
3.9B 2.7
0.6A 0.6
2.9A 1.6
Potential
Borrowers
71.1D 9.2
23.7D 8.8
3.0B 2.7
2.2A 2.2
51.4E 10.7
21.1D 8.1
14.3C 7.4
13.3C 5.5
66.0D 9.6
6.6B 4.0
12.4C 6.6
15.0C 7.0
58.7E 10.0
14.8C 6.3
19.7D 7.8
6.7B 3.6
70.3D 8.6
13.3C 6.2
15.0C 6.1
1.4A 1.4
87.1C 5.2
10.2B 4.5
0.0A 0.0
2.7B 2.7
54.4E 10.8
11.6C 5.7
11.6C 5.5
22.5E 11.1
59.4D 10.0
12.9C 5.2
17.8D 7.7
10.0C 5.4
90.7B 4.1
2.4A 1.6
0.0A 0.0
6.9B 3.7
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
72.2E 10.4
26.6E 10.3
0.0A 0.0
1.1A 1.1
64.6E 10.6
19.1C 7.1
13.2C 7.0
3.1A 2.3
55.3E 12.7
27.3E 11.2
15.3C 6.3
2.1A 1.6
43.4E 13.8
38.5E 12.2
17.3D 8.0
0.8A 0.5
63.9E 11.3
30.0E 10.5
2.8B 2.8
3.2A 2.5
83.0D 7.6
10.0C 6.2
3.7B 2.9
3.3B 3.2
49.3E 13.3
16.0C 7.1
16.3C 6.2
18.3D 9.4
53.6E 12.5
12.1C 5.9
19.6D 7.8
14.7C 7.0
91.6B 4.4
0.0A 0.0
2.4A 2.4
6.0B 3.6
Co-operatives Co-operatives 59.3D 8.8
19.1C 7.2
18.7C 7.1
2.9A 1.7
44.2D 8.8
13.5C 6.5
31.7D 7.8
10.6C 6.3
44.9D 8.8
29.8D 7.8
14.8C 6.8
10.6C 6.3
28.5D 7.6
32.7D 8.6
32.6D 8.6
6.3B 2.7
51.4D 8.8
18.7C 7.2
27.0C 7.4
2.9A 1.7
74.6C 7.5
7.6C 6.2
13.5B 4.3
4.3B 3.1
74.1D 7.6
3.9B 2.7
10.6C 6.3
11.5B 4.5
56.4D 8.8
11.5C 6.6
32.2D 7.9
0.0A 0.0
74.2D 8.4
0.0A 0.0
10.9C 6.4
14.8C 6.8
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 57.7B 3.6
32.5B 3.4
7.3A 1.9
2.5A 0.8
48.1B 3.6
29.5B 3.2
17.4B 2.9
5.0A 1.7
45.7B 3.6
36.8B 3.6
14.8A 2.4
2.7A 1.0
37.2B 3.5
33.6B 3.5
21.3B 3.0
7.9A 2.1
51.7B 3.6
33.4B 3.5
9.7A 1.9
5.2A 1.7
70.4B 3.3
23.0B 3.2
5.6A 1.4
1.0A 0.5
64.6B 3.5
19.9B 2.9
8.7A 1.9
6.8A 2.1
50.2B 3.7
28.9B 3.4
15.7B 2.6
5.2A 1.7
90.5A 2.1
4.9A 1.5
1.3A 0.8
3.3A 1.4
Not-for-profit 50.8E 13.0
10.4B 2.9
0.0A 0.0
38.8E 14.7
74.6D 8.9
25.4D 8.9
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
89.6B 2.9
0.0A 0.0
10.4B 2.9
0.0A 0.0
59.6E 11.7
30.0E 10.8
10.4B 2.9
0.0A 0.0
49.2E 13.0
20.8C 5.6
0.0A 0.0
30.0E 10.8
89.6B 2.9
10.4B 2.9
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
49.2E 13.0
40.4E 11.7
0.0A 0.0
10.4B 2.9
74.6D 8.9
25.4D 8.9
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
Charity 87.0A 2.3
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
13.0A 2.3
87.0A 2.3
13.0A 2.3
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
87.0A 2.3
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
13.0A 2.3
60.9C 5.3
26.1B 3.8
13.0A 2.3
0.0A 0.0
59.4C 5.9
14.6B 4.7
13.0A 2.3
13.0A 2.3
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
87.0A 2.3
13.0A 2.3
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
85.4B 4.7
14.6B 4.7
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
100.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
0.0A 0.0
For-profit 71.6C 7.1
15.6B 4.9
6.9B 2.9
6.0C 5.0
68.8C 7.1
19.3C 6.2
7.3B 3.1
4.6A 2.3
70.8C 6.7
11.5B 4.6
11.4B 4.4
6.3B 2.6
64.3C 7.4
20.0C 5.9
8.2B 3.8
7.6B 2.8
70.6C 7.0
23.4C 6.6
4.0A 2.0
1.9A 1.5
78.5C 6.4
18.1C 6.2
2.3A 1.6
1.1A 1.1
76.8C 6.4
13.2B 4.1
7.9C 5.2
2.1A 1.3
70.9C 6.9
16.9C 6.0
7.5B 3.0
4.8A 2.3
91.1B 4.6
5.3B 4.3
1.7A 1.2
2.0A 1.4
71.4A 1.9
18.7A 1.6
7.1A 0.9
2.8A 0.9
62.9A 2.1
20.7A 1.8
10.3A 1.1
6.1A 1.0
64.0A 2.1
18.1A 1.6
11.4A 1.3
6.5A 1.0
62.1A 2.1
17.8A 1.5
12.4A 1.3
7.6A 1.1
66.1A 2.1
19.8A 1.7
10.0A 1.3
4.1A 1.1
82.7A 1.6
12.0A 1.2
3.7A 0.9
1.6A 0.6
71.8A 2.0
15.1A 1.6
8.3A 1.3
4.8A 1.0
64.9A 2.1
19.8A 1.7
10.4A 1.3
4.9A 0.9
87.9A 1.8
2.4A 0.6
4.9A 1.5
4.8A 1.1
79.3C 7.0
13.1C 5.8
3.9A 2.3
3.6B 2.8
75.4D 7.6
9.4B 5.0
10.9B 4.4
4.3B 3.1
73.6D 8.1
10.5B 4.7
6.2B 3.0
9.7C 5.5
78.4C 6.5
11.1B 4.3
3.9A 2.1
6.6B 3.4
84.1C 5.3
11.1B 4.4
3.5A 2.1
1.3A 1.1
89.7B 3.8
5.0A 2.5
3.7A 2.0
1.6A 1.6
88.3B 4.1
4.6A 2.2
7.2B 3.1
0.0A 0.0
86.7B 4.4
3.4A 1.9
7.3B 3.1
2.6A 1.7
96.3A 2.2
0.7A 0.7
1.2A 1.1
1.8A 1.6
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though
external financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing
was rejected
Social Enterprises
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual
Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Innovation
Activities
developed or
introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per
year
Intellectual property issues Lack of financing/ inadequate cash-flow
A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacleA major obstacle Not an obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle
Survey question(s):
I.8. Which of the follow ing w ere obstacles that your business faced w hen exporting in 2017? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.8 is applicable to only to those that exported in 2017.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
A moderate obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacle A minor obstacle
A moderate obstacle
Obstacles to exporting
Financial risk
Region
Market knowledge issues
CMA Level
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51),
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management
and Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care
and Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts,
Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Construction (NAICS 23)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS
11), Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Other
A minor obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacleA major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate
obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 23: Obstacles to Export
Not an obstacle
Border obstacles Logistical obstacles
A moderate obstacleA minor obstacle
A moderate obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle
A moderate obstacle A major obstacle
Administrative obstacles in Canada Administrative obstacles outside of Canada
Not an obstacle
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 46.1 A 0.8 37.3 A 0.8 28.6 A 0.7 16.3 A 0.5 10.7 A 0.4 89.3 A 1.4 20.2 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.9 17.7 A 1.9 28.8 A 2.1 36.1 A 2.3 24.7 A 2.1 16.9 A 1.9 18.0 A 2.0 19.4 A 1.8 20.8 A 2.0
1 to 4 employees 42.1 A 1.1 33.7 A 1.1 25.3 A 1.0 13.9 A 0.8 9.1 A 0.6 90.5 A 2.1 18.5 B 3.0 16.5 B 3.1 17.1 B 3.2 30.5 B 3.6 35.0 B 3.8 24.5 B 3.5 17.5 B 3.2 18.1 B 3.2 16.1 B 2.6 20.7 B 3.1
5 to 19 employees 49.2 A 1.4 41.8 A 1.4 30.5 A 1.2 17.1 A 0.9 10.9 A 0.8 86.5 B 2.6 22.7 B 3.6 14.7 B 3.2 18.1 B 3.4 28.2 B 3.6 39.4 B 3.9 29.1 B 3.8 16.2 B 3.4 18.6 B 3.4 23.3 B 3.7 22.1 B 3.6
20 to 99 employees 52.9 A 1.9 40.4 A 1.9 36.5 A 1.8 22.5 A 1.4 15.6 A 1.1 91.0 A 2.1 20.6 B 3.3 17.5 B 3.2 19.5 B 3.2 23.7 B 3.6 32.4 B 3.9 18.4 B 3.2 17.0 B 3.2 18.1 B 3.3 20.7 B 3.4 18.8 B 3.3
100 to 499 employees 69.6 B 3.1 47.3 B 3.4 48.2 B 3.4 39.0 B 3.3 26.0 B 2.5 90.8 B 3.2 17.6 B 3.2 12.3 B 2.9 14.0 B 2.7 32.3 C 5.5 36.0 C 5.4 16.0 B 2.9 15.6 B 3.4 13.1 B 3.4 19.4 B 3.6 19.4 B 3.5
Atlantic 41.8 A 2.1 31.5 A 2.0 30.2 A 2.0 13.6 A 1.4 8.7 A 1.0 78.4 C 5.7 13.5 B 4.5 13.0 B 4.6 19.1 C 5.1 34.6 C 5.9 33.4 C 5.7 21.8 C 5.1 17.7 B 5.0 16.3 B 4.7 23.8 C 5.6 23.1 C 6.2
Quebec 40.3 A 1.8 31.5 A 1.7 24.4 A 1.5 14.7 A 1.2 9.7 A 1.0 86.5 B 3.6 23.1 C 5.2 22.4 C 5.6 20.5 C 5.1 24.5 C 5.2 44.6 C 5.8 21.3 C 5.4 16.2 C 5.1 15.9 C 5.1 10.3 B 3.0 16.3 B 4.1
Ontario 50.9 A 1.3 42.2 A 1.3 30.7 A 1.2 17.8 A 0.9 13.3 A 0.8 91.6 A 1.6 20.6 B 2.8 16.2 B 2.8 16.3 B 2.8 27.4 B 3.1 32.9 B 3.3 20.3 B 2.9 15.4 B 2.6 15.4 B 2.7 19.5 B 2.9 22.5 B 3.1
Northern Ontario 39.6 B 2.8 31.7 B 2.6 25.8 A 2.4 11.1 A 1.7 6.1 A 1.2 96.1 A 2.1 27.1 D 7.9 22.7 C 7.4 17.6 C 6.0 17.2 C 6.4 18.4 C 6.4 6.9 B 3.5 7.7 B 3.5 7.8 B 3.8 7.8 B 3.8 7.2 B 3.4
Southern Ontario 51.7 A 1.4 42.9 A 1.3 31.0 A 1.2 18.2 A 0.9 13.8 A 0.9 91.5 A 1.7 20.4 B 2.9 16.0 B 2.9 16.3 B 2.9 27.6 B 3.2 33.3 B 3.4 20.7 B 3.0 15.7 B 2.7 15.6 B 2.8 19.9 B 2.9 23.0 B 3.2
Prairies 47.0 A 1.7 39.4 A 1.7 31.6 A 1.5 15.4 A 1.1 6.9 A 0.7 94.5 A 2.1 26.9 C 5.0 17.1 B 4.2 17.6 B 4.2 26.5 B 4.7 29.7 B 4.7 26.6 B 4.9 20.1 B 4.6 24.8 B 4.7 21.9 B 4.4 24.9 B 4.7
Manitoba 46.8 B 3.6 41.8 B 3.6 28.3 B 3.3 12.1 A 2.0 6.0 A 1.3 90.6 C 5.4 8.8 C 5.2 5.1 B 4.2 5.7 B 4.3 15.3 C 6.8 19.1 D 7.8 8.8 C 5.1 5.3 B 4.2 9.4 C 5.1 11.2 C 5.3 1.6 A 1.0
Saskatchewan 49.1 B 3.4 39.1 B 3.3 36.7 B 3.2 12.7 A 2.1 6.4 A 1.6 92.3 C 7.2 32.7 E 13.1 18.6 E 12.1 23.0 E 12.1 31.4 E 12.5 49.9 E 13.1 50.2 E 13.4 36.3 E 14.2 49.6 E 13.5 35.7 E 13.2 53.9 E 13.0
Alberta 46.6 A 2.3 38.9 A 2.2 31.2 A 2.0 16.8 A 1.5 7.2 A 1.0 95.6 A 2.2 29.0 C 6.3 19.0 C 5.2 18.7 C 5.1 27.6 C 5.8 27.6 C 5.7 25.1 C 5.7 19.5 C 5.4 22.6 C 5.4 21.1 C 5.2 23.2 C 5.5
British Columbia and Territories 44.0 A 2.1 34.3 A 2.1 25.7 A 1.8 17.4 A 1.5 11.8 A 1.2 86.0 B 4.2 13.0 B 3.9 7.5 B 2.6 17.4 B 4.9 37.0 C 5.7 39.8 C 5.8 38.6 C 6.0 18.8 C 5.4 22.7 C 5.4 26.0 C 5.5 17.9 C 5.2
St. John's 36.4 D 8.6 24.2 C 6.9 25.9 D 8.1 5.1 B 3.0 6.8 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 7.4 C 5.4 42.9 F 25.9 50.3 F 26.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Halifax 43.7 C 5.7 38.1 C 5.5 33.2 C 5.1 19.2 B 4.5 11.1 B 3.4 53.8 F 15.7 18.9 E 11.8 18.9 E 11.8 26.6 E 13.1 18.9 E 11.8 12.3 D 8.7 15.1 E 10.1 9.0 D 8.0 5.9 C 6.2 6.1 C 6.2 42.0 F 16.6
Quebec 43.5 C 6.9 30.1 C 5.4 31.7 C 6.8 11.2 B 3.5 10.8 B 3.5 98.4 A 1.6 12.6 E 10.1 7.9 C 7.4 6.6 C 6.6 35.5 F 15.3 42.9 F 15.9 11.1 E 10.1 18.7 E 11.7 17.2 E 11.6 0.0 A 0.0 26.4 E 13.4
Montreal 47.4 B 2.8 38.9 B 2.8 28.6 A 2.5 18.5 A 2.0 15.4 A 1.9 84.9 B 4.7 27.6 C 6.8 27.9 C 7.3 24.9 C 6.8 25.5 C 6.8 48.0 C 7.4 27.0 C 7.0 19.6 C 6.7 19.0 C 6.6 12.5 B 4.1 18.5 C 5.3
Ottawa-Gatineau 47.5 B 4.8 38.2 B 4.7 25.4 B 3.5 17.4 B 3.1 8.0 A 1.8 86.1 D 8.8 18.7 D 9.0 24.4 E 10.1 13.9 C 7.1 19.3 D 8.0 32.1 E 10.2 32.7 E 11.6 11.6 C 6.8 25.4 D 9.9 24.6 E 10.2 21.7 D 8.9
Toronto 58.0 A 2.1 49.7 A 2.1 36.5 A 2.0 23.0 A 1.6 17.5 A 1.6 91.9 A 2.4 20.2 B 4.1 17.1 B 4.2 17.8 B 4.2 28.1 B 4.5 34.1 B 4.8 17.3 B 4.0 14.3 B 3.6 14.7 B 3.9 19.8 B 4.2 25.1 B 4.6
Kingston 46.5 B 4.9 39.7 B 4.9 30.3 B 4.6 12.4 B 3.4 11.1 B 3.4 100.0 A 0.0 4.3 B 3.3 23.7 F 16.4 5.2 B 3.5 38.3 F 16.8 59.1 F 15.4 44.5 F 16.7 30.4 F 16.4 14.1 D 7.8 15.6 D 8.0 29.3 F 16.3
Hamilton 51.0 C 6.2 42.6 C 6.1 28.9 C 5.8 10.7 B 2.8 11.9 B 3.5 94.3 B 4.9 20.6 D 8.7 7.0 B 4.3 7.3 B 4.3 36.6 F 16.4 38.6 F 16.3 4.3 A 2.4 2.1 A 1.8 2.0 A 1.8 9.8 C 6.1 5.7 B 3.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 41.4 C 5.4 33.4 C 5.1 19.6 B 3.7 12.2 B 3.1 10.2 B 2.9 92.6 C 6.1 27.5 E 13.6 16.3 E 10.9 13.4 E 10.6 41.7 E 14.9 53.2 F 15.3 37.7 F 16.0 20.5 F 15.6 28.9 E 13.4 33.6 E 14.7 43.0 F 15.3
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 50.6 C 5.4 41.1 C 5.5 25.3 B 4.3 19.2 B 4.2 15.0 B 4.0 88.7 C 7.3 7.3 B 3.9 4.8 B 3.4 4.5 B 3.1 20.6 E 13.7 24.9 E 14.1 33.1 F 17.4 30.1 F 17.8 3.1 B 3.0 1.7 A 1.1 23.7 E 14.1
London 41.3 C 5.8 36.5 C 5.8 26.6 B 4.6 19.5 B 4.9 10.2 B 2.6 85.7 D 8.6 20.7 E 10.5 9.8 C 6.6 22.7 E 11.0 19.7 E 10.5 22.7 E 10.6 20.7 E 10.6 19.3 E 10.5 19.3 E 10.5 31.9 E 12.4 21.1 E 10.6
Windsor 49.8 C 5.6 44.4 C 5.7 33.3 C 5.4 18.6 B 4.7 19.4 B 4.9 96.0 B 4.0 22.8 E 10.7 10.6 D 7.6 18.2 E 10.2 24.4 E 14.8 32.0 E 15.0 24.5 E 11.6 13.7 D 7.9 12.7 D 7.8 14.4 D 8.0 9.2 C 5.2
Thunder Bay 41.7 C 5.3 35.5 C 5.2 26.7 B 4.9 12.0 B 3.0 8.2 A 2.4 100.0 A 0.0 13.8 D 8.8 19.6 E 10.0 14.7 D 9.0 20.4 E 10.7 27.3 E 11.7 12.8 D 8.7 4.9 B 4.6 19.9 E 10.7 19.9 E 10.7 4.9 B 4.6
Winnipeg 49.5 B 4.6 44.4 B 4.6 28.4 B 4.3 13.0 B 2.7 6.5 A 1.7 87.1 C 7.4 12.0 C 7.1 7.0 C 5.8 7.9 C 5.8 21.0 D 9.3 26.2 E 10.5 12.1 C 6.9 7.3 C 5.8 13.0 C 7.0 15.4 C 7.3 2.3 A 1.5
Calgary 41.5 B 3.8 34.4 B 3.6 29.7 B 3.3 21.2 B 2.8 12.4 A 2.4 97.9 A 2.1 26.2 D 9.2 14.4 C 6.4 17.3 C 6.8 27.6 D 8.4 27.7 D 8.0 20.6 D 7.7 16.2 C 7.1 19.2 C 7.3 16.6 C 6.5 16.8 C 7.0
Edmonton 52.3 B 4.2 45.1 B 4.3 30.7 B 4.0 16.2 B 3.1 5.1 A 1.4 92.0 C 7.4 29.6 E 12.4 22.5 E 11.4 15.5 D 9.1 23.5 E 11.0 9.1 C 6.3 31.8 E 12.7 29.6 E 12.7 17.9 E 10.0 21.4 E 10.5 43.3 E 13.5
Vancouver 49.2 B 3.3 36.0 B 3.2 30.7 B 3.0 22.7 B 2.7 16.0 A 2.2 80.4 C 6.5 7.6 B 2.8 4.6 A 2.0 15.5 C 6.6 39.5 D 7.7 46.8 D 7.8 39.6 D 8.2 19.6 D 7.7 25.7 D 7.7 31.4 D 7.6 24.1 D 7.6
Victoria 46.9 D 8.6 42.1 D 8.4 16.1 C 5.0 12.9 B 4.4 10.3 B 4.1 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 25.0 F 19.5 50.8 F 20.4 30.5 F 17.5 19.2 F 17.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
42.3 A 2.5 29.7 A 2.4 29.2 A 2.2 12.9 A 1.6 9.7 A 1.4 77.3 C 7.1 16.9 C 5.6 10.5 C 5.0 19.4 C 7.2 13.5 C 5.3 26.9 C 6.6 24.2 C 6.5 17.0 C 6.4 19.5 C 6.5 21.9 C 6.0 14.8 C 5.4
40.2 A 2.3 35.3 A 2.2 23.9 A 1.9 7.3 A 1.1 1.6 A 0.5 81.8 E 10.4 15.2 E 10.4 23.5 E 12.5 17.4 E 10.7 16.7 E 10.4 16.7 E 10.4 26.7 E 13.7 14.4 E 10.4 14.4 E 10.4 14.7 E 10.4 20.5 E 11.3
68.1 A 2.1 47.1 A 2.3 48.0 A 2.3 37.1 A 2.1 32.1 A 2.0 90.7 A 2.2 23.3 B 3.0 13.8 A 2.3 17.1 B 2.6 24.9 B 3.3 32.6 B 3.6 14.1 A 2.2 10.3 A 1.8 13.1 A 2.2 17.2 B 2.5 17.1 B 3.0
69.0 A 2.1 53.6 A 2.3 51.8 A 2.3 41.4 A 2.2 21.5 A 1.9 78.1 B 4.4 22.4 B 4.1 9.8 B 2.8 16.0 B 3.3 19.3 B 3.4 27.3 B 4.3 28.5 B 4.5 11.6 B 3.3 9.0 A 2.2 21.9 B 3.7 22.6 B 4.4
48.3 A 2.4 42.0 A 2.4 29.0 A 2.2 16.1 A 1.8 11.6 A 1.7 95.1 B 3.5 22.8 C 7.4 28.4 D 8.3 27.7 D 8.3 43.5 D 8.3 46.7 D 8.3 34.4 D 8.4 28.0 D 8.3 26.7 D 8.3 19.9 C 6.0 18.6 C 5.9
49.3 B 2.7 37.6 B 2.6 32.2 A 2.5 18.6 A 2.0 14.3 A 1.8 98.0 A 1.2 24.1 C 5.4 16.1 B 4.5 15.7 B 4.3 17.6 B 4.4 24.5 C 6.0 18.0 B 4.5 18.5 B 4.5 17.8 B 4.5 16.8 B 4.4 16.3 C 5.3
58.7 A 2.2 47.7 A 2.3 41.5 A 2.2 30.3 A 2.0 20.4 A 1.7 86.3 B 3.4 15.8 B 3.6 13.3 B 3.3 13.5 B 3.5 30.1 B 4.2 41.9 B 4.8 27.7 B 4.5 17.4 B 3.7 15.8 B 3.4 16.3 B 3.7 19.4 B 3.8
28.3 A 2.1 25.2 A 2.0 11.4 A 1.3 4.8 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.5 97.2 A 2.4 24.0 D 9.7 21.0 D 9.7 16.6 D 8.1 32.4 E 10.3 27.5 D 9.0 28.1 E 10.0 27.7 D 10.0 27.7 D 10.0 16.0 C 7.4 13.6 C 7.2
36.4 A 2.2 31.7 A 2.1 18.3 A 1.8 7.8 A 1.2 3.9 A 0.9 89.9 C 6.8 12.9 C 6.3 6.9 B 4.8 7.8 B 4.9 21.9 D 9.5 30.6 E 10.7 10.6 C 6.3 0.9 A 0.7 18.0 D 8.5 16.1 C 7.2 14.7 D 8.6
39.3 A 2.2 31.1 A 2.0 20.9 A 1.8 9.3 A 1.2 6.7 A 1.0 97.4 A 1.9 22.0 D 7.7 18.4 C 7.4 21.3 D 7.6 41.3 D 8.2 42.5 D 8.2 25.8 D 8.1 19.2 D 7.8 27.2 D 8.2 28.9 D 8.0 37.4 D 8.4
Tourism 35.2 A 2.3 29.8 A 2.2 17.8 A 2.0 9.3 A 1.6 5.0 A 1.3 97.8 A 1.4 28.8 E 14.0 27.2 E 14.2 25.6 E 14.2 51.5 E 12.9 49.4 E 13.2 51.8 E 12.8 44.3 E 14.0 44.3 E 14.0 31.7 E 14.1 38.7 E 14.7
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
67.5 B 3.2 51.4 B 3.3 43.0 B 3.2 41.7 B 3.2 37.2 B 3.2 94.9 A 1.7 24.1 C 5.1 19.9 C 5.0 18.3 B 4.6 42.2 C 5.4 47.6 C 5.4 24.0 B 4.5 24.9 C 5.2 13.2 B 3.0 30.8 C 5.3 27.3 C 5.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 60.0 C 5.3 37.1 C 5.0 40.5 C 5.1 32.8 B 4.7 21.0 B 3.8 86.9 D 8.3 17.4 C 6.0 15.9 C 5.5 29.0 D 9.3 43.4 E 10.0 47.9 E 10.3 31.4 E 10.9 25.2 D 9.6 21.5 D 9.6 31.8 E 10.9 20.9 D 9.4
Rural 40.4 A 1.7 30.9 A 1.6 25.3 A 1.4 11.9 A 1.0 7.6 A 0.8 93.7 A 2.2 18.2 B 4.5 13.4 B 4.3 14.2 B 4.3 29.4 C 5.1 33.8 C 5.2 22.6 B 4.7 17.4 B 4.6 17.5 B 4.6 17.6 B 4.4 19.8 B 4.9
Urban 47.5 A 0.9 38.8 A 0.9 29.4 A 0.8 17.3 A 0.6 11.4 A 0.5 88.6 A 1.5 20.5 A 2.1 16.3 A 2.1 18.2 A 2.1 28.7 A 2.3 36.5 B 2.5 25.0 A 2.4 16.8 A 2.1 18.1 A 2.1 19.6 A 2.0 21.0 A 2.1
Exporter 75.7 A 2.0 47.3 A 2.2 52.3 A 2.3 54.8 A 2.2 59.8 A 2.2 89.5 A 1.6 18.9 A 2.3 15.9 A 2.3 19.0 B 2.6 31.9 B 2.8 39.0 B 2.9 25.3 B 2.7 19.3 B 2.6 20.5 B 2.6 19.9 A 2.3 21.9 B 2.5
Non-exporter 42.2 A 0.9 36.0 A 0.8 25.5 A 0.7 11.2 A 0.5 4.2 A 0.3 88.9 A 2.4 22.6 B 3.4 15.8 B 3.1 15.1 B 2.8 22.7 B 3.1 30.6 B 3.7 23.6 B 3.4 12.4 A 2.4 13.4 B 2.6 18.3 B 3.1 18.6 B 3.1
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 62.8 B 3.0 50.7 B 3.1 45.2 B 3.1 32.7 B 2.8 23.5 B 2.6 89.2 B 3.2 19.5 C 5.4 13.1 B 4.5 10.8 B 2.8 33.2 C 6.2 40.9 C 6.3 22.7 C 5.4 20.6 C 5.4 19.4 C 5.3 15.6 B 3.3 19.3 C 5.4
56.5 B 2.6 43.7 B 2.6 36.6 A 2.4 20.5 A 1.9 12.8 A 1.5 92.6 A 2.5 21.8 C 6.1 17.6 C 6.1 19.6 C 6.1 29.5 C 6.2 41.2 C 6.3 22.1 C 6.2 17.9 C 6.0 24.2 C 6.3 30.8 C 6.4 31.7 C 6.6
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 43.0 A 1.2 34.7 A 1.1 25.9 A 1.0 13.3 A 0.7 9.0 A 0.6 90.0 A 1.8 19.9 B 2.7 14.1 A 2.5 18.0 B 3.1 29.2 B 3.4 36.3 B 3.5 23.0 B 3.1 14.2 B 2.7 16.5 B 3.0 17.3 B 2.9 19.5 B 3.1
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 37.0 A 2.0 29.3 A 1.8 22.6 A 1.7 11.8 A 1.2 7.1 A 1.0 86.0 C 6.0 17.9 B 4.3 15.9 C 6.7 19.2 C 6.7 25.5 C 6.8 38.0 C 7.4 31.6 D 7.5 17.0 C 6.7 17.4 C 6.7 18.8 C 5.9 18.3 B 4.9
41.8 A 2.4 33.2 A 2.4 24.1 A 1.9 15.4 A 1.6 9.7 A 1.2 87.7 B 4.6 20.6 C 5.0 16.7 B 4.5 19.8 C 5.2 23.0 C 5.3 28.3 C 5.6 26.0 C 6.5 16.4 C 5.1 12.5 B 4.0 17.7 B 4.6 21.8 C 5.2
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 55.5 A 2.5 49.2 B 2.5 33.4 A 2.3 19.5 A 1.9 11.9 A 1.6 88.9 B 4.3 17.5 C 5.6 17.8 C 6.2 16.2 C 5.5 22.7 C 5.7 24.2 C 7.1 22.8 C 6.1 15.4 C 5.5 15.3 C 5.4 22.7 C 6.3 14.7 C 5.9
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 49.3 A 1.5 39.1 A 1.5 31.8 A 1.4 17.6 A 1.1 12.2 A 0.9 87.3 A 2.5 20.3 B 3.6 16.5 B 3.6 20.6 B 3.8 32.5 B 4.0 41.1 B 4.1 27.4 B 3.9 17.9 B 3.6 18.5 B 3.6 17.7 B 3.1 25.7 B 3.6
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 44.9 A 1.6 36.9 A 1.5 25.8 A 1.3 14.6 A 1.0 9.2 A 0.8 89.3 B 3.1 18.0 B 2.9 14.5 B 2.7 14.9 B 2.6 31.4 B 4.3 41.2 B 4.5 24.1 B 4.3 16.3 B 3.5 17.5 B 3.6 20.2 B 3.7 20.4 B 3.8
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 40.8 A 1.3 32.2 A 1.2 26.2 A 1.1 15.3 A 0.9 10.0 A 0.7 92.0 A 1.7 22.7 B 3.4 15.4 B 3.2 16.5 B 3.2 24.0 B 3.4 30.0 B 3.4 22.3 B 3.4 16.7 B 3.3 18.9 B 3.4 19.6 B 3.3 16.9 B 3.2
65.3 A 2.0 53.9 A 2.0 44.2 A 1.9 31.5 A 1.7 24.1 A 1.6 90.2 A 2.1 25.7 B 3.5 19.6 B 3.5 22.2 B 3.6 37.4 B 3.8 47.9 B 3.8 28.2 B 3.8 22.5 B 3.7 24.6 B 3.8 22.9 B 3.4 28.3 B 3.6
66.0 A 2.2 53.0 A 2.3 46.3 A 2.2 32.5 A 2.0 26.9 A 1.9 90.1 B 2.5 20.5 B 3.3 14.9 B 2.8 17.4 B 3.3 32.3 B 4.0 41.0 B 4.2 23.8 B 3.8 19.5 B 3.6 24.2 B 3.8 23.5 B 3.8 24.8 B 4.0
67.0 A 2.2 54.4 A 2.4 45.0 A 2.3 32.2 A 2.1 25.1 A 2.0 91.2 B 2.7 21.7 B 4.2 19.8 B 4.5 22.1 B 4.8 38.0 B 5.0 48.0 B 4.9 27.7 C 5.0 22.8 B 4.9 29.0 B 5.0 25.3 B 4.6 26.9 B 4.8
63.1 A 2.3 51.6 A 2.3 42.6 A 2.2 29.5 A 1.9 20.9 A 1.8 88.7 B 3.0 19.8 B 4.1 21.0 B 4.8 20.9 B 4.8 40.3 B 5.0 44.2 B 4.9 25.3 C 5.0 20.9 B 4.8 21.5 B 4.8 24.7 B 4.5 27.1 B 4.7
62.6 A 1.5 51.5 A 1.5 42.4 A 1.5 27.9 A 1.2 20.7 A 1.1 90.0 A 1.7 22.5 B 2.7 18.1 B 2.8 19.7 B 2.8 35.7 B 3.1 42.9 B 3.1 25.6 B 3.0 20.0 B 2.9 22.3 B 3.0 22.4 B 2.8 26.0 B 3.0
39.3 A 1.0 31.0 A 0.9 23.6 A 0.8 11.9 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.4 89.0 A 2.1 15.8 A 2.2 13.2 A 2.5 15.1 B 2.7 19.5 B 2.7 27.9 B 3.2 24.0 B 3.1 13.2 A 2.5 12.4 A 2.3 15.2 A 2.2 14.1 A 2.3
Holds IP 64.6 A 1.6 50.4 A 1.6 44.0 A 1.6 33.5 A 1.4 25.4 A 1.3 89.4 A 1.8 20.0 A 2.5 16.5 B 2.6 19.2 B 2.7 33.4 B 3.0 41.1 B 3.1 25.4 B 2.9 18.5 B 2.7 17.8 B 2.7 19.5 B 2.5 25.6 B 2.8
Holds Formal IP 67.1 A 2.3 49.1 A 2.4 46.0 A 2.4 41.2 A 2.3 30.9 A 2.2 89.8 B 2.8 20.1 B 3.6 17.6 B 3.6 20.9 B 4.0 36.3 B 4.5 46.0 B 4.5 26.8 B 4.4 19.5 B 4.1 19.2 B 4.0 26.3 B 4.4 30.9 B 4.4
No IP 39.9 A 1.0 32.6 A 0.9 24.1 A 0.8 10.8 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.4 89.9 A 1.9 19.3 B 2.7 15.3 B 2.9 15.4 B 2.8 21.7 B 3.0 29.4 B 3.3 24.2 B 3.2 15.0 B 2.8 18.8 B 3.0 19.2 B 2.7 13.7 B 2.5
Familiar with at least one type of IP 49.9 A 0.9 39.6 A 0.9 32.7 A 0.9 19.6 A 0.7 13.1 A 0.6 89.5 A 1.4 19.6 A 2.0 16.2 A 2.0 18.0 A 2.1 29.9 A 2.3 38.3 A 2.4 24.2 A 2.3 17.4 A 2.1 18.5 A 2.1 19.1 A 1.9 22.3 A 2.2
Not familiar with any type of IP 34.8 A 1.7 29.4 A 1.7 18.2 A 1.4 7.6 A 0.8 3.9 A 0.6 90.9 B 3.8 20.4 C 5.6 14.5 B 4.9 15.4 B 4.6 18.4 C 5.4 18.1 C 5.3 33.6 C 7.2 14.1 B 4.6 14.4 B 4.6 23.5 C 6.8 7.3 B 2.9
Procurement Did business with Federal government 72.7 A 2.4 56.7 B 2.8 58.9 B 2.7 48.0 B 2.8 30.3 B 2.6 93.6 A 2.0 16.7 B 4.1 20.2 B 4.7 25.0 B 4.8 36.2 C 5.2 48.5 C 5.3 26.8 B 5.0 28.5 C 5.2 23.7 B 4.8 28.7 C 5.0 26.1 B 4.8
<30 years old 60.9 C 5.5 56.8 C 5.8 42.9 C 6.3 16.6 B 3.7 7.4 B 2.7 100.0 A 0.0 4.1 B 3.1 3.1 B 2.9 3.1 B 2.9 31.8 F 16.0 9.4 C 7.0 14.7 D 8.9 3.1 B 2.9 8.5 C 6.0 8.5 C 6.0 3.1 B 2.9
30 to 39 years old 51.2 A 2.3 43.2 A 2.2 32.0 A 2.0 15.2 A 1.4 9.9 A 1.2 90.9 B 3.4 16.7 B 4.0 13.8 C 5.1 17.2 C 5.2 26.9 C 5.6 36.0 C 6.3 22.1 C 5.7 15.6 C 5.3 18.5 C 5.3 10.4 B 3.1 20.5 C 5.1
40 to 49 years old 50.9 A 1.7 41.3 A 1.6 33.5 A 1.5 21.0 A 1.3 13.5 A 1.1 92.1 A 2.2 23.4 B 4.3 17.2 B 3.9 17.2 B 3.7 33.9 B 4.4 39.1 B 4.5 22.4 B 4.0 17.1 B 3.8 15.5 B 3.8 17.7 B 3.5 24.6 B 4.3
50 to 64 years old 43.1 A 1.2 34.3 A 1.1 26.3 A 1.0 15.3 A 0.8 9.9 A 0.6 87.1 A 2.3 18.0 A 2.5 15.9 B 2.7 18.2 B 3.0 25.9 B 3.1 35.1 B 3.4 26.2 B 3.3 17.1 B 2.9 19.9 B 3.0 22.5 B 3.0 19.2 B 2.8
65+ years old 39.8 A 2.2 31.2 A 2.1 21.5 A 1.7 11.4 A 1.1 9.2 A 1.0 86.7 B 3.9 25.5 B 4.6 15.7 B 3.7 18.7 B 4.4 27.0 B 4.6 34.5 B 4.9 29.6 B 4.7 18.6 B 4.1 18.7 B 3.8 23.6 B 4.0 18.1 B 3.8
Less than high school 35.6 B 3.0 27.8 B 2.7 21.8 B 2.5 8.1 A 1.6 5.0 A 1.0 84.9 C 6.2 33.1 D 9.7 24.3 D 9.3 24.2 D 9.2 20.4 D 8.6 28.9 D 9.2 18.7 D 8.6 16.4 D 8.6 18.7 D 8.6 27.6 D 9.0 20.8 D 8.8
High school 39.4 A 1.6 32.4 A 1.6 22.2 A 1.3 11.0 A 1.0 5.9 A 0.7 92.0 A 2.5 19.7 B 4.5 11.1 B 3.6 15.9 B 4.1 26.0 C 5.8 30.1 C 5.8 23.4 C 5.7 19.6 C 5.7 19.6 C 5.6 17.2 B 4.1 21.7 C 5.7
College/Cegep/Trade School 45.9 A 1.5 37.8 A 1.4 28.1 A 1.3 13.8 A 0.9 8.8 A 0.8 89.2 B 2.5 22.2 B 4.1 18.1 B 4.2 16.3 B 3.6 28.5 B 4.3 36.9 B 4.6 24.3 B 4.2 15.0 B 3.9 19.6 B 4.0 15.5 B 3.1 16.2 B 3.3
Bachelor's degree 54.8 A 1.6 42.9 A 1.6 36.2 A 1.5 22.8 A 1.3 15.0 A 1.1 91.7 A 2.0 16.6 B 2.9 11.1 B 2.8 16.1 B 3.4 29.4 B 3.7 36.0 B 3.9 27.6 B 3.9 17.5 B 3.4 14.8 B 3.3 17.8 B 3.0 19.8 B 3.1
Master's degree or above 46.6 A 2.2 38.6 A 2.1 29.8 A 1.9 22.1 A 1.7 17.1 A 1.5 84.9 B 3.7 22.0 B 4.3 22.2 B 4.5 21.5 B 4.4 30.7 B 4.6 39.5 C 5.0 22.2 B 4.4 16.6 B 3.9 20.5 B 4.3 25.6 B 4.7 26.3 B 4.8
In Canada 44.7 A 0.9 35.9 A 0.9 28.9 A 0.8 15.9 A 0.6 9.5 A 0.5 90.8 A 1.4 20.2 A 2.2 15.3 A 2.2 17.6 A 2.3 30.7 B 2.6 36.1 B 2.6 23.6 B 2.6 17.7 A 2.5 18.7 A 2.4 17.8 A 2.0 20.2 A 2.4
Outside Canada 50.1 A 1.7 41.4 A 1.7 27.7 A 1.5 17.4 A 1.2 14.3 A 1.1 86.3 B 2.8 20.1 B 3.6 17.1 B 3.5 17.8 B 3.6 24.8 B 3.8 36.1 B 4.4 26.9 B 4.0 15.4 B 3.2 16.8 B 3.5 22.4 B 3.7 21.9 B 3.6
0% 46.6 A 1.1 37.5 A 1.1 30.1 A 1.0 17.1 A 0.7 11.2 A 0.6 91.2 A 1.7 20.5 A 2.4 15.0 A 2.3 18.1 A 2.4 27.1 B 2.7 36.7 B 3.0 22.5 B 2.7 14.0 A 2.4 16.5 A 2.5 16.4 A 2.3 18.4 A 2.5
1% to 49% 51.9 A 2.5 43.0 A 2.5 31.2 A 2.2 17.7 A 1.7 12.3 A 1.3 83.1 B 4.8 18.5 B 4.3 13.7 B 3.8 15.5 B 3.9 24.5 B 4.6 35.1 C 5.4 23.1 B 4.8 22.0 B 4.6 20.0 B 4.4 23.7 B 4.5 27.0 C 5.2
50% 45.2 A 1.7 36.6 A 1.7 27.8 A 1.5 15.3 A 1.2 9.4 A 1.0 89.2 B 2.5 23.2 C 5.2 21.1 C 5.4 21.0 C 5.5 35.1 C 5.7 34.8 C 5.5 31.4 C 5.6 23.3 C 5.3 21.4 C 5.2 25.6 C 5.2 30.5 C 5.7
51% to 99% 45.6 C 5.2 36.3 C 5.0 25.6 B 4.2 20.0 B 4.1 12.6 B 2.9 68.3 E 12.6 8.2 B 3.9 8.0 C 5.2 5.6 B 3.3 26.4 D 9.5 26.5 D 9.8 18.5 D 9.6 11.2 C 5.5 7.0 B 3.8 40.4 E 12.6 19.2 D 7.6
100% 41.1 A 2.3 33.2 A 2.2 22.4 A 2.0 12.9 A 1.5 9.1 A 1.3 92.0 B 3.1 18.4 C 6.7 15.9 C 7.4 15.7 C 7.3 31.8 D 8.1 39.0 D 8.2 27.9 D 7.8 17.3 C 7.5 21.1 D 7.7 13.6 B 4.3 10.7 B 4.1
Potential Borrowers46.3 B 3.8 37.4 B 3.6 26.7 B 3.3 15.9 B 2.6 12.9 B 2.6 91.3 B 4.2 27.8 E 10.7 20.0 E 10.5 16.1 C 7.3 23.2 D 7.9 34.1 E 10.9 40.2 E 10.9 12.2 C 5.8 11.8 C 5.8 20.8 D 8.4 17.2 C 7.1
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
72.5 B 4.4 63.6 B 4.6 47.1 B 5.0 30.7 B 4.7 16.3 B 3.4 91.5 C 5.9 12.5 C 6.1 16.0 E 12.5 16.7 E 12.5 37.9 E 12.0 35.0 E 11.8 21.8 E 12.4 19.6 E 12.4 19.1 E 12.4 6.6 B 3.9 14.3 D 7.5
Co-operatives Co-operatives 48.9 A 1.8 41.6 A 1.8 26.2 A 1.6 11.7 A 1.2 6.7 A 1.0 91.1 B 3.0 10.7 C 6.3 15.4 D 8.0 27.9 D 8.3 51.4 D 7.7 69.3 C 5.9 28.6 D 8.0 18.3 D 8.0 33.2 D 7.8 27.7 D 7.9 18.7 D 8.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 79.0 A 1.8 57.9 A 2.2 63.9 A 2.2 53.5 A 2.2 37.3 A 2.2 86.3 B 2.9 30.3 B 3.5 20.0 B 3.0 29.7 B 3.5 21.5 B 3.1 34.6 B 3.7 31.1 B 3.6 22.6 B 3.3 18.7 B 2.9 30.3 B 3.6 21.7 B 3.2
Not-for-profit 42.8 A 1.4 40.9 A 1.4 19.1 A 1.2 6.1 A 0.8 2.8 A 0.5 20.1 B 4.0 6.7 A 1.5 13.4 B 2.8 0.0 A 0.0 6.7 A 1.5 42.3 D 8.9 23.1 C 6.0 0.0 A 0.0 9.6 C 5.2 9.6 C 5.2 70.2 C 6.7
Charity 53.6 A 1.9 44.5 A 2.0 24.5 A 1.6 9.4 A 1.4 6.1 A 0.8 64.2 B 5.0 31.0 C 5.5 31.0 C 5.5 38.0 C 5.8 61.2 C 5.9 48.1 C 6.5 17.0 C 5.2 17.0 C 5.2 17.0 C 5.2 24.0 C 5.2 90.0 C 5.2
For-profit 58.1 B 3.6 49.1 B 3.7 37.9 B 3.6 24.7 B 3.2 16.4 B 2.6 93.8 B 3.7 15.4 C 5.1 12.3 B 4.9 13.4 B 4.8 29.2 C 7.1 32.2 D 7.6 28.8 D 8.5 14.2 C 6.6 9.8 B 4.5 12.2 B 4.4 12.0 B 4.6
47.9 A 0.9 38.6 A 0.8 30.4 A 0.8 17.7 A 0.6 11.8 A 0.5 89.0 A 1.4 20.5 A 2.0 16.3 A 1.9 18.2 A 2.0 29.3 A 2.2 36.6 A 2.3 24.6 A 2.2 17.1 A 2.0 18.2 A 2.0 19.7 A 1.9 21.1 A 2.0
34.4 A 2.1 28.7 A 2.0 17.2 A 1.7 7.4 A 0.9 3.2 A 0.6 97.0 A 1.9 12.0 C 6.0 6.1 B 3.7 3.6 B 2.7 16.3 D 7.7 24.2 D 8.3 26.2 D 9.0 12.3 C 7.4 13.6 C 5.9 11.2 C 6.1 13.2 C 6.8
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
A new organizational method in your business practices,
Survey question(s):
I.9. In the next 3 years, does your business intend to expand sales to new markets…? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
I.10. In the next 3 years, does your business intend to expand sales to new markets within...?(Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.9 is applicable to all respondents.
I.10 is applicable only to those who intend to expand sales outside of Canada.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Table 24: Intentions to Expand to New Markets
Construction (NAICS 23)
Region
Intend to expand sales into new markets:
China India Japan Other Asia Other
CMA Level
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Intend to expand
sales into new
markets over the next
3 years
Employment Size
United Kingdom Other Europe
Within your local
municipality or
region
Outside of your local
municipality or
region but within
your
province/territory
Rest of Canada The United States Mexico Brazil Other Latin AmericaOutside of Canada
Expansion intentions over the next 3 years Expansion intentions outside of Canada (export sales) over the next 3 years
Social Enterprises
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 12.3 A 0.5 13.6 A 0.5 4.2 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.2 4.3 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.2 1.4 A 0.2
1 to 4 employees 8.5 A 0.6 9.8 A 0.6 2.7 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.3 2.9 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.4 0.6 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.2
5 to 19 employees 16.0 A 1.0 17.6 A 0.9 5.5 A 0.6 2.6 A 0.4 5.7 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.2 1.4 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.3
20 to 99 employees 19.0 A 1.2 19.9 A 1.5 6.8 A 0.8 2.6 A 0.5 6.7 A 1.2 0.5 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.6 2.0 A 0.5
100 to 499 employees 24.4 A 2.1 18.1 A 2.1 12.1 A 1.4 8.0 A 1.9 6.8 A 0.9 3.1 A 0.6 5.5 A 2.3 3.3 A 0.7
Atlantic 8.5 A 1.1 12.4 A 1.3 3.0 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.8 3.8 A 0.7 0.1 A 0.1 1.1 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.9
Quebec 10.3 A 1.1 10.5 A 1.0 2.2 A 0.4 2.1 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.4 3.0 A 1.0 0.5 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.3
Ontario 14.1 A 0.8 16.9 A 0.9 5.9 A 0.5 2.5 A 0.4 5.6 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.1 1.0 A 0.2 1.9 A 0.4
Northern Ontario 11.3 A 1.8 15.8 A 1.9 2.0 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.4 3.4 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.4 0.3 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.6
Southern Ontario 14.3 A 0.8 16.9 A 0.9 6.1 A 0.6 2.7 A 0.4 5.8 A 0.6 0.3 A 0.1 1.0 A 0.2 2.0 A 0.4
Prairies 12.6 A 1.1 13.0 A 1.0 3.0 A 0.5 2.4 A 0.5 5.7 A 0.8 0.8 A 0.3 1.4 A 0.4 0.6 A 0.2
Manitoba 8.1 A 1.5 11.3 A 2.1 3.5 A 1.2 1.4 A 0.6 3.4 A 1.2 0.3 A 0.2 1.7 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0
Saskatchewan 9.0 A 1.9 12.2 A 2.1 3.0 A 1.1 4.4 A 1.6 3.6 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.4 1.6 A 0.8 0.3 A 0.3
Alberta 14.5 A 1.5 13.6 A 1.3 2.9 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.6 6.7 A 1.2 1.0 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.3
British Columbia and Territories 12.4 A 1.5 11.9 A 1.3 5.5 A 1.0 2.5 A 0.5 3.4 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.3 2.8 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.5
St. John's 7.0 B 3.3 12.6 B 4.9 0.7 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 1.9 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 1.2 A 0.7 7.5 C 6.5
Halifax 10.5 B 2.9 15.9 B 3.6 4.8 A 2.0 1.0 A 0.5 8.6 B 2.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.9 A 1.4 3.2 A 1.9
Quebec 6.0 A 2.3 9.9 B 3.9 3.6 A 1.7 2.7 A 1.7 1.3 A 0.8 13.7 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.1
Montreal 13.3 A 1.9 13.7 A 1.7 3.0 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.8 3.1 A 0.8 2.8 A 1.2 0.8 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.7
Ottawa-Gatineau 8.1 A 2.0 11.0 A 2.2 9.1 A 2.4 0.5 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.9 0.5 A 0.3 1.6 A 1.0 3.2 A 1.7
Toronto 14.3 A 1.2 17.8 A 1.5 6.4 A 0.8 3.1 A 0.7 6.6 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.1 1.0 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.6
Kingston 14.3 B 3.6 16.7 B 3.3 7.6 B 2.8 0.2 A 0.2 3.4 A 1.5 1.0 A 0.9 1.6 A 1.0 0.6 A 0.6
Hamilton 23.0 B 5.0 11.8 B 3.0 7.6 B 3.3 1.9 A 1.5 6.4 B 2.8 0.4 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.4
St. Catharines-Niagara 10.8 A 2.4 13.4 B 4.3 4.9 A 2.0 2.5 A 1.1 5.6 A 2.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.7 A 1.0 0.5 A 0.4
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 13.1 B 3.2 15.1 B 3.5 10.9 B 3.9 2.8 A 1.6 5.4 B 2.5 0.7 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.5 2.6 A 2.2
London 12.6 B 3.0 18.6 B 4.3 4.3 A 1.7 1.3 A 0.7 3.0 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.3 A 0.2 4.7 B 3.1
Windsor 17.6 B 4.2 20.2 C 5.1 6.7 B 2.5 0.4 A 0.3 3.2 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.9 A 2.2 0.2 A 0.2
Thunder Bay 14.2 B 3.1 21.2 B 4.1 1.2 A 1.1 0.9 A 0.6 6.2 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.5
Winnipeg 8.0 A 1.8 11.9 B 2.7 4.3 A 1.7 1.4 A 0.7 3.3 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.3 2.6 A 1.9 0.0 A 0.0
Calgary 16.8 B 3.1 19.3 B 3.1 4.8 A 1.5 2.8 A 1.2 10.4 B 2.8 1.0 A 0.9 0.6 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.8
Edmonton 12.4 A 2.3 14.6 B 2.8 2.6 A 1.2 1.1 A 0.6 5.1 A 1.6 0.0 A 0.0 1.2 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.1
Vancouver 12.4 A 2.0 15.1 A 2.1 8.2 A 1.8 3.0 A 0.9 4.6 A 1.3 0.6 A 0.5 4.5 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.9
Victoria 15.0 C 5.8 8.8 B 3.5 10.5 C 6.3 0.6 A 0.6 1.5 A 1.1 0.0 A 0.0 1.8 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.2
13.5 A 1.6 3.5 A 0.9 1.7 A 0.4 12.5 A 1.6 3.6 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.6 3.1 A 0.8 0.4 A 0.2
12.2 A 1.7 8.9 A 1.3 1.3 A 0.5 0.4 A 0.2 3.1 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.3
49.4 A 2.1 20.2 A 1.5 8.3 A 1.2 6.2 A 1.2 5.7 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.7 2.7 A 0.5
28.9 A 2.1 55.7 A 2.2 6.5 A 1.0 5.1 A 1.0 18.2 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.5 1.0 A 0.4 3.4 A 0.8
11.9 A 1.5 34.1 A 2.2 5.1 A 1.0 2.4 A 0.7 7.4 A 1.2 0.1 A 0.1 0.9 A 0.6 1.6 A 0.6
5.3 A 1.1 3.5 A 0.9 3.6 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.7 0.3 A 0.2 2.2 A 0.9
6.5 A 1.1 6.6 A 1.2 9.5 A 1.2 1.0 A 0.4 2.6 A 0.7 0.4 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.7
7.8 A 1.4 4.9 A 1.0 0.7 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.5 0.2 A 0.1 2.8 A 0.8 0.4 A 0.4
12.1 A 1.4 18.3 A 1.8 3.8 A 1.0 0.9 A 0.4 3.9 A 0.9 0.4 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.3
5.6 A 1.1 5.9 A 1.1 3.2 A 0.7 1.9 A 0.6 2.9 A 0.9 2.0 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.5
Tourism 7.8 A 1.4 7.5 A 1.5 2.8 A 1.0 2.7 A 1.1 4.0 A 1.3 0.1 A 0.1 2.3 A 0.7 0.7 A 0.4
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
12.1 A 2.3 12.4 A 2.1 16.5 B 2.5 4.2 A 1.4 3.0 A 0.9 1.5 A 1.1 0.9 A 0.5 6.0 A 1.4
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 12.6 B 2.7 9.6 B 2.8 7.8 B 2.6 0.7 A 0.3 7.2 B 2.6 1.7 A 0.7 3.2 A 1.9 4.6 A 2.1
Rural 11.7 A 1.0 11.1 A 1.1 2.2 A 0.4 3.7 A 0.5 2.9 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.7 1.2 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.3
Urban 12.5 A 0.6 14.2 A 0.6 4.7 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.2 4.6 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.2 1.5 A 0.2
Exporter 28.9 A 1.8 22.5 A 1.7 15.0 A 1.5 8.7 A 1.2 8.8 A 1.1 2.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.8
Non-exporter 10.1 A 0.5 12.4 A 0.5 2.8 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.2 3.7 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.2
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 17.9 A 2.5 17.8 A 2.3 8.8 A 1.7 4.9 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.2 2.0 A 0.6
14.9 A 1.7 17.5 A 1.9 6.0 A 1.1 3.9 A 1.0 5.0 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.8 2.9 A 0.8
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 12.1 A 0.7 13.6 A 0.8 4.1 A 0.5 2.4 A 0.3 4.9 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.3
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 10.3 A 1.2 11.2 A 1.1 3.7 A 0.6 1.9 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.9 1.0 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.4
12.2 A 1.6 13.5 A 1.4 2.9 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.5
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 9.5 A 1.5 9.4 A 1.3 2.7 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.6 2.7 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 1.6 A 0.8 0.4 A 0.2
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 11.7 A 1.0 12.3 A 1.0 4.9 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.6 1.2 A 0.3 1.8 A 0.4
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 10.4 A 0.8 12.9 A 1.0 4.3 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.4 4.2 A 0.5 0.3 A 0.1 1.5 A 0.4 1.5 A 0.4
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 15.4 A 0.9 16.7 A 0.9 3.9 A 0.4 3.9 A 0.5 5.0 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.2
21.8 A 1.5 19.3 A 1.4 10.0 A 1.1 5.1 A 0.8 10.3 A 1.2 1.4 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.7 3.7 A 0.7
28.7 A 2.0 16.8 A 1.5 10.6 A 1.5 5.0 A 0.8 8.7 A 1.4 1.1 A 0.4 3.4 A 0.9 3.8 A 0.9
20.1 A 1.8 16.1 A 1.4 11.6 A 1.4 4.1 A 1.0 9.3 A 1.4 1.3 A 0.5 3.4 A 0.9 3.9 A 1.0
18.3 A 1.6 21.1 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.0 3.5 A 0.9 8.5 A 1.2 1.4 A 0.5 2.5 A 0.8 3.4 A 0.8
20.3 A 1.1 18.3 A 1.0 8.6 A 0.8 4.1 A 0.5 7.9 A 0.8 0.9 A 0.2 2.4 A 0.5 2.8 A 0.5
9.2 A 0.6 11.4 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.3 1.8 A 0.2 2.5 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.4 0.6 A 0.1 0.8 A 0.2
Holds IP 19.4 A 1.1 17.7 A 1.0 10.1 A 0.9 3.7 A 0.6 7.1 A 0.7 1.2 A 0.3 1.9 A 0.4 3.7 A 0.6
Holds Formal IP 25.4 A 1.9 24.7 A 1.8 11.4 A 1.5 6.1 A 1.3 9.7 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.5 3.1 A 0.9 5.1 A 1.1
No IP 10.1 A 0.6 12.1 A 0.6 2.2 A 0.3 2.1 A 0.2 3.1 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.1
Familiar with at least one type of IP 14.5 A 0.6 15.1 A 0.6 5.0 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.3 4.7 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.2 1.6 A 0.2
Not familiar with any type of IP 6.0 A 0.7 8.1 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.2 0.8 A 0.3
Procurement Did business with Federal government 29.3 B 2.6 29.0 B 2.5 14.8 A 2.1 4.8 A 1.3 9.9 A 1.8 1.4 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.9 5.0 A 1.3
<30 years old 14.6 B 3.6 15.1 C 5.9 2.0 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.9 9.8 C 5.8 0.6 A 0.6 0.9 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0
30 to 39 years old 12.8 A 1.6 13.0 A 1.5 4.6 A 1.0 2.3 A 0.6 4.4 A 0.7 0.7 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.5 2.6 A 0.8
40 to 49 years old 12.3 A 1.0 13.6 A 1.1 4.1 A 0.6 2.2 A 0.5 3.5 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.2
50 to 64 years old 12.6 A 0.7 13.7 A 0.7 4.3 A 0.4 2.6 A 0.3 4.3 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.5 1.0 A 0.2 1.5 A 0.3
65+ years old 10.4 A 1.0 13.5 A 1.2 4.3 A 0.7 3.0 A 0.7 5.2 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.4
Less than high school 12.1 A 2.3 9.6 A 1.8 2.7 A 1.0 4.2 A 1.0 3.2 A 1.2 2.5 A 1.7 0.7 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.5
High school 9.6 A 1.0 11.5 A 1.0 2.9 A 0.6 3.0 A 0.5 3.8 A 0.6 0.9 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.3
College/Cegep/Trade School 13.5 A 1.0 15.2 A 1.0 3.0 A 0.4 1.9 A 0.3 3.7 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.2
Bachelor's degree 13.9 A 1.0 16.6 A 1.0 5.6 A 0.7 2.3 A 0.4 5.0 A 0.6 1.0 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.4
Master's degree or above 11.8 A 1.4 10.3 A 1.2 7.2 A 1.0 2.4 A 0.7 5.6 A 1.1 1.2 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.7 3.1 A 0.8
In Canada 12.7 A 0.6 13.6 A 0.6 4.1 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.1 1.1 A 0.2
Outside Canada 11.3 A 0.9 13.4 A 1.0 4.8 A 0.6 2.3 A 0.4 5.0 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.2 2.7 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.5
0% 12.3 A 0.7 12.6 A 0.6 4.7 A 0.4 2.1 A 0.3 4.5 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.3
1% to 49% 16.5 A 1.7 17.9 A 1.8 5.7 A 0.9 3.4 A 0.7 5.2 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.4 1.6 A 0.5
50% 12.4 A 1.1 12.7 A 1.1 3.2 A 0.6 2.9 A 0.6 4.2 A 0.7 0.4 A 0.2 1.7 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.3
51% to 99% 11.7 B 2.9 19.7 B 3.7 4.7 A 1.8 2.5 A 1.1 6.6 A 2.3 0.5 A 0.4 4.7 B 2.8 0.9 A 0.5
100% 9.0 A 1.3 14.1 A 1.5 2.6 A 0.7 2.5 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.6 1.3 A 1.0 1.0 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.6
Potential Borrowers12.5 B 2.7 12.9 B 2.5 3.5 A 1.2 3.0 A 1.1 4.5 A 1.7 0.3 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.3 1.9 A 1.0
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
15.8 B 3.0 21.7 B 3.9 5.2 A 1.6 1.3 A 0.8 7.0 A 2.1 0.5 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.7
Co-operatives Co-operatives 8.8 A 1.0 14.3 A 1.3 4.0 A 0.9 3.1 A 0.8 3.2 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.8 A 0.5
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 49.8 A 2.2 40.2 A 2.2 8.3 A 1.2 7.2 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.6 4.0 A 0.8
Not-for-profit 2.1 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.2 0.8 A 0.4 0.2 A 0.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.4
Charity 3.6 A 0.6 7.2 A 0.7 1.9 A 0.3 0.4 A 0.1 1.0 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.2 A 0.9
For-profit 13.7 A 2.4 12.3 A 2.1 6.5 A 1.6 4.4 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.8 3.7 A 1.4 2.2 A 1.2
13.3 A 0.6 14.1 A 0.5 4.5 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.2 4.5 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.2 1.6 A 0.2
6.2 A 0.9 9.8 A 1.3 2.8 A 0.8 2.5 A 0.5 2.7 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.9 0.7 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
Innovation Activities
developed or
introducedAt least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
Construction (NAICS 23)
Region
Location
Export Status
CMA Level
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Employment Size
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 25: International Business ActivitySurvey question(s):
I.11. In 2017, did your business...? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.11. is applicable to all respondents.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Import goods or
services from outside
Canada to be used in
the production of
other goods in
Canada
Import goods from
outside Canada to be
re-sold as is
Import services from
outside Canada
Use a Canadian
intermediary, such as
a wholesaler, to sell
your goods to some
markets abroad
Have a product that
is manufactured by a
contracted company
abroad
Engage in foreign
direct investments
Relocate any
business activities or
employees from
another country into
Canada
Engage in other
international
business activities
International Business Activity
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Intellectual Property
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 3.3 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.1 0.6 A 0.1 95.3 A 0.3 82.2 A 0.6 7.0 A 0.4 8.5 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.2 4.7 A 0.4
1 to 4 employees 2.0 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.2 96.8 A 0.4 81.2 A 0.9 7.0 A 0.6 9.0 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.3 5.2 A 0.5
5 to 19 employees 3.9 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.3 94.4 A 0.6 83.1 A 1.0 7.4 A 0.7 8.3 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.3 4.4 A 0.6
20 to 99 employees 7.8 A 1.1 1.4 A 0.4 0.1 A 0.0 90.7 A 1.1 85.1 A 1.2 5.9 A 0.8 6.8 A 0.8 2.5 A 0.5 3.0 A 0.7
100 to 499 employees 6.5 A 1.0 1.5 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.5 91.1 A 1.2 84.4 A 2.2 2.2 A 0.7 5.9 A 1.8 1.2 A 0.3 3.8 A 1.0
Atlantic 7.3 A 1.1 2.1 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.2 90.3 A 1.2 79.5 A 2.0 6.2 A 1.5 9.7 A 1.6 3.1 A 1.1 6.4 A 1.2
Quebec 2.6 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.3 96.2 A 0.7 81.3 A 1.5 8.1 A 1.0 7.7 A 1.0 1.3 A 0.3 8.0 A 1.0
Ontario 3.2 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.3 95.0 A 0.6 78.3 A 1.1 8.2 A 0.7 10.2 A 0.8 2.6 A 0.4 4.3 A 0.6
Northern Ontario 4.4 A 1.1 0.8 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 94.9 A 1.1 80.7 A 2.2 8.3 A 1.6 7.4 A 1.4 2.2 A 0.7 3.3 A 1.1
Southern Ontario 3.1 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.4 95.0 A 0.6 78.2 A 1.2 8.2 A 0.7 10.3 A 0.9 2.6 A 0.4 4.3 A 0.6
Prairies 3.1 A 0.6 0.3 A 0.1 0.5 A 0.2 96.1 A 0.6 86.2 A 1.1 5.5 A 0.8 6.7 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.4 3.2 A 0.6
Manitoba 4.7 A 1.7 0.8 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.8 93.5 A 1.9 80.4 B 3.1 7.3 A 2.2 8.4 A 2.3 2.6 A 1.1 3.9 A 1.8
Saskatchewan 4.8 A 1.5 0.5 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 94.7 A 1.5 84.8 A 2.5 5.6 A 1.5 4.4 A 1.2 2.7 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.7
Alberta 2.3 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.5 A 0.3 97.0 A 0.8 87.8 A 1.3 5.1 A 0.9 6.8 A 1.1 1.2 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.7
British Columbia and Territories 3.5 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 95.5 A 0.8 88.1 A 1.5 4.9 A 1.0 7.9 A 1.3 0.7 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.7
St. John's 1.9 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 98.1 A 1.8 74.0 C 7.2 7.7 B 4.6 7.2 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 15.8 C 5.9
Halifax 7.0 B 2.8 2.1 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 91.0 B 3.0 69.0 C 6.5 11.0 B 3.9 18.8 C 6.2 3.1 A 2.0 9.9 B 3.9
Quebec 2.0 A 0.9 0.3 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 97.7 A 1.0 80.8 C 5.1 9.3 B 4.3 6.7 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 6.7 B 2.8
Montreal 2.5 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.8 0.9 A 0.7 95.1 A 1.2 76.1 B 2.6 10.4 A 1.8 9.8 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.6 11.5 A 2.0
Ottawa-Gatineau 4.4 A 1.2 2.9 A 1.4 6.2 A 2.1 86.4 B 2.7 75.2 B 4.4 11.0 B 3.0 10.2 B 3.0 1.7 A 1.0 8.2 B 2.6
Toronto 3.4 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.6 95.2 A 1.0 75.8 A 1.9 9.3 A 1.2 11.9 A 1.4 3.4 A 0.8 5.9 A 1.1
Kingston 3.3 A 1.2 2.2 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.7 93.8 A 1.8 70.2 B 4.8 15.1 B 3.9 15.7 B 3.9 3.1 A 2.0 3.6 A 2.1
Hamilton 5.1 B 3.5 0.2 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 94.8 B 3.5 83.9 B 4.7 6.3 B 2.6 7.8 B 4.0 0.7 A 0.4 1.5 A 0.9
St. Catharines-Niagara 1.9 A 0.9 0.6 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 97.5 A 1.0 87.7 B 3.3 7.0 B 2.6 5.9 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 4.6 A 2.3
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 2.0 A 1.2 1.8 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 96.2 A 1.7 86.3 B 4.3 8.4 B 4.0 4.0 A 1.8 5.1 B 3.6 2.9 A 2.0
London 1.0 A 0.7 2.4 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 96.5 A 1.9 78.5 B 4.5 5.0 A 1.8 10.5 B 3.5 3.3 A 1.8 1.2 A 0.9
Windsor 1.2 A 0.9 0.0 A 0.0 1.8 A 1.2 97.0 A 1.5 74.6 C 5.2 3.5 A 1.7 13.6 B 4.3 2.4 A 1.5 1.9 A 1.2
Thunder Bay 9.4 B 3.5 0.9 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 89.7 B 3.5 74.5 B 5.0 10.7 B 4.3 10.8 B 3.0 3.4 A 1.7 5.5 B 3.7
Winnipeg 6.5 A 2.4 0.8 A 0.5 1.6 A 1.2 91.1 B 2.7 77.6 B 4.2 8.7 B 2.9 9.1 B 3.0 3.4 A 1.5 4.7 B 2.7
Calgary 2.9 A 1.0 0.4 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 96.7 A 1.1 83.9 B 2.8 8.3 A 2.2 9.3 A 2.3 1.6 A 0.8 4.5 A 1.4
Edmonton 1.1 A 0.5 0.1 A 0.1 0.6 A 0.6 98.3 A 0.8 84.1 B 3.0 4.9 A 1.8 8.3 A 2.2 1.9 A 0.9 4.7 A 1.9
Vancouver 2.1 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.1 A 0.1 97.5 A 0.8 86.7 A 2.4 6.3 A 1.7 10.4 A 2.2 0.8 A 0.5 2.7 A 1.0
Victoria 6.1 B 3.1 2.9 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 91.0 B 3.8 86.6 C 6.1 9.3 C 5.8 3.1 A 2.2 2.0 A 2.0 7.9 C 5.7
0.8 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 99.2 A 0.5 94.4 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.6 1.2 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.1 1.2 A 0.6
5.6 A 1.0 1.3 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.3 92.6 A 1.1 79.2 A 1.8 8.1 A 1.2 9.3 A 1.2 1.7 A 0.4 8.0 A 1.3
6.7 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.2 91.7 A 1.1 77.2 A 1.9 10.1 A 1.4 12.6 A 1.5 3.9 A 0.9 6.2 A 1.2
7.3 A 1.1 1.0 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.5 91.2 A 1.3 77.9 A 2.0 8.6 A 1.4 10.1 A 1.5 3.8 A 1.0 4.6 A 1.1
1.9 A 0.5 0.2 A 0.2 0.2 A 0.2 97.7 A 0.6 85.9 A 1.6 6.2 A 1.2 8.9 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.4 2.7 A 0.8
3.4 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 0.1 A 0.0 96.0 A 0.9 82.1 A 2.2 6.7 A 1.3 7.9 A 1.5 3.0 A 1.0 3.8 A 1.0
3.2 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.7 93.4 A 1.2 70.6 A 2.1 13.6 A 1.6 14.1 A 1.6 3.4 A 0.8 10.2 A 1.4
1.5 A 0.6 0.1 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 98.5 A 0.6 90.7 A 1.2 1.7 A 0.6 2.6 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.4
2.6 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.2 0.2 A 0.1 97.1 A 0.7 84.1 A 1.7 4.9 A 1.0 6.7 A 1.2 0.6 A 0.3 2.6 A 0.6
2.2 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.5 96.1 A 0.8 85.0 A 1.6 5.4 A 1.0 8.0 A 1.2 1.3 A 0.4 2.7 A 0.6
Tourism 2.1 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.1 0.0 A 0.0 97.7 A 0.6 89.5 A 1.5 2.5 A 0.9 3.7 A 1.0 0.6 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.5
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
3.7 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.6 4.2 A 1.2 90.9 A 1.5 57.2 B 3.5 16.8 A 2.5 22.0 B 3.1 5.1 A 1.6 16.6 B 2.7
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 4.2 A 1.6 3.0 A 2.1 0.8 A 0.8 92.0 B 2.7 82.2 B 4.0 9.1 B 3.2 9.9 B 3.3 1.6 A 0.7 5.3 A 2.4
Rural 3.0 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.2 0.4 A 0.2 96.0 A 0.7 84.3 A 1.4 4.9 A 0.8 7.1 A 1.0 1.1 A 0.3 3.5 A 0.7
Urban 3.4 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.2 95.1 A 0.4 81.8 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.5 8.8 A 0.5 2.0 A 0.2 5.0 A 0.4
Exporter 6.1 A 1.1 2.1 A 0.6 0.1 A 0.1 91.7 A 1.2 77.0 A 2.0 11.5 A 1.6 12.8 A 1.7 2.7 A 0.9 5.7 A 1.1
Non-exporter 3.0 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.1 0.7 A 0.2 95.7 A 0.3 82.9 A 0.7 6.4 A 0.4 8.0 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.2 4.6 A 0.4
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 5.7 A 1.2 1.8 A 0.8 1.3 A 1.0 91.2 A 1.7 76.3 B 2.8 10.8 A 2.3 13.6 A 2.4 1.9 A 0.6 4.7 A 1.2
3.1 A 0.6 0.9 A 0.4 0.3 A 0.2 95.6 A 0.7 81.4 A 2.0 7.4 A 1.4 9.2 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.6 5.9 A 1.3
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 3.9 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.2 94.5 A 0.5 84.2 A 0.9 5.6 A 0.5 7.0 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.3 3.7 A 0.5
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 2.9 A 0.7 0.7 A 0.2 0.4 A 0.2 96.1 A 0.8 83.7 A 1.4 6.2 A 0.9 8.2 A 1.1 1.5 A 0.4 4.3 A 0.8
1.9 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.2 0.5 A 0.3 97.2 A 0.6 78.9 A 2.1 9.7 A 1.5 9.9 A 1.5 2.4 A 0.8 6.1 A 1.3
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 2.3 A 0.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 97.6 A 0.9 80.6 A 2.1 7.6 A 1.4 8.6 A 1.6 2.4 A 0.9 6.6 A 1.4
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 1.7 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.3 97.1 A 0.5 81.4 A 1.2 6.9 A 0.8 9.1 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.4 5.1 A 0.7
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 3.5 A 0.6 1.0 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.3 94.7 A 0.7 82.8 A 1.2 6.9 A 0.8 8.4 A 0.9 1.5 A 0.3 4.7 A 0.6
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 5.2 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.2 0.5 A 0.2 93.0 A 0.6 83.2 A 1.0 6.9 A 0.7 7.9 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.3 3.7 A 0.5
3.0 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.4 95.0 A 0.7 74.6 A 1.7 12.7 A 1.4 13.7 A 1.3 2.4 A 0.5 6.5 A 0.9
2.7 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.5 0.4 A 0.2 95.2 A 0.8 73.8 A 2.1 14.0 A 1.8 14.1 A 1.8 2.3 A 0.6 8.4 A 1.4
3.5 A 0.7 2.0 A 0.7 0.4 A 0.2 94.1 A 1.1 73.9 A 2.1 8.9 A 1.4 14.2 A 1.7 1.8 A 0.5 7.7 A 1.3
4.1 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.2 0.3 A 0.2 95.0 A 0.8 75.3 A 2.1 9.3 A 1.3 13.7 A 1.6 1.8 A 0.5 6.8 A 1.2
3.3 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 94.9 A 0.6 75.2 A 1.3 10.9 A 1.0 13.5 A 1.0 2.3 A 0.4 7.0 A 0.8
3.4 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.1 0.7 A 0.2 95.2 A 0.4 85.0 A 0.7 5.5 A 0.5 6.6 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.2 3.9 A 0.4
Holds IP 5.9 A 0.7 1.2 A 0.3 1.4 A 0.4 91.6 A 0.9 75.4 A 1.4 11.3 A 1.0 12.2 A 1.1 3.3 A 0.5 7.4 A 0.8
Holds Formal IP 7.2 A 1.5 1.0 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.6 90.9 A 1.6 77.9 A 2.0 8.6 A 1.2 10.5 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.7 6.1 A 1.1
No IP 2.5 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.2 0.4 A 0.2 96.4 A 0.3 84.2 A 0.7 5.8 A 0.5 7.5 A 0.5 1.4 A 0.2 4.0 A 0.4
Familiar with at least one type of IP 3.9 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.1 94.7 A 0.4 79.8 A 0.8 8.3 A 0.5 9.8 A 0.6 2.3 A 0.3 5.7 A 0.5
Not familiar with any type of IP 1.7 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.5 96.7 A 0.6 89.3 A 1.1 3.5 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.9 0.4 A 0.1 2.2 A 0.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 36.5 B 2.7 20.5 A 2.2 13.0 A 1.8 30.0 B 2.6 57.9 C 5.3 21.6 B 4.4 11.3 B 3.3 19.5 B 4.5 6.4 A 1.9
<30 years old 0.6 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 99.0 A 0.5 75.7 C 5.3 12.6 B 4.9 9.0 B 2.6 3.4 A 1.8 9.3 B 3.2
30 to 39 years old 2.8 A 0.8 0.3 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 96.8 A 0.8 81.6 A 1.8 8.6 A 1.4 8.3 A 1.3 2.3 A 0.8 5.1 A 1.1
40 to 49 years old 2.8 A 0.4 1.5 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.4 94.7 A 0.7 80.7 A 1.4 7.5 A 0.9 10.1 A 1.1 1.8 A 0.4 5.1 A 0.7
50 to 64 years old 3.8 A 0.4 0.6 A 0.1 0.7 A 0.2 94.8 A 0.5 83.0 A 0.9 5.8 A 0.5 8.1 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.3 4.7 A 0.5
65+ years old 3.5 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.2 0.2 A 0.2 95.6 A 0.7 84.0 A 1.5 7.5 A 1.2 6.9 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.5 2.8 A 0.7
Less than high school 2.1 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.0 A 0.0 97.7 A 0.7 87.9 A 1.9 3.9 A 1.1 5.2 A 1.3 0.9 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.8
High school 2.6 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.2 0.1 A 0.1 96.7 A 0.5 84.4 A 1.2 6.1 A 0.8 8.4 A 1.0 1.3 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.7
College/Cegep/Trade School 4.0 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 94.8 A 0.7 80.9 A 1.2 7.4 A 0.8 9.2 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.2 4.4 A 0.6
Bachelor's degree 3.1 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.3 94.7 A 0.6 82.0 A 1.2 8.3 A 0.9 9.0 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.5 6.1 A 0.8
Master's degree or above 4.0 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.5 1.0 A 0.5 93.6 A 1.1 79.3 A 1.8 6.5 A 1.0 8.0 A 1.2 2.6 A 0.6 6.2 A 1.1
In Canada 3.7 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.2 94.9 A 0.4 82.3 A 0.7 7.0 A 0.5 8.3 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.2 4.9 A 0.4
Outside Canada 2.3 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 96.2 A 0.6 82.0 A 1.3 6.8 A 0.8 9.1 A 0.9 2.3 A 0.4 4.1 A 0.6
0% 3.6 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.2 0.8 A 0.2 94.7 A 0.5 80.3 A 0.9 8.2 A 0.6 9.9 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.3 5.7 A 0.5
1% to 49% 4.8 A 0.8 1.2 A 0.4 0.1 A 0.1 93.9 A 0.9 80.9 A 2.0 6.6 A 1.2 8.2 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.7 4.8 A 1.1
50% 2.9 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.2 0.4 A 0.2 96.1 A 0.7 82.8 A 1.3 6.0 A 0.8 8.0 A 0.9 2.5 A 0.5 4.3 A 0.8
51% to 99% 1.0 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 97.6 A 1.0 90.8 A 2.3 4.4 A 1.8 5.2 A 1.9 0.5 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.7
100% 2.1 A 0.7 0.3 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.3 97.0 A 0.8 88.5 A 1.4 4.4 A 0.9 4.7 A 1.0 0.9 A 0.3 2.0 A 0.5
Potential Borrowers1.0 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.2 3.0 A 1.8 95.6 A 1.8 77.1 B 3.1 12.4 B 2.6 8.4 A 2.1 3.3 A 1.5 6.6 A 1.6
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
5.8 B 2.8 0.2 A 0.1 2.6 B 2.5 91.4 B 3.6 68.1 B 4.8 13.7 B 3.4 19.9 B 4.3 5.8 A 1.7 7.2 B 2.9
Co-operatives Co-operatives 3.0 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 96.5 A 0.7 87.7 A 1.3 3.9 A 0.8 3.0 A 0.6 1.1 A 0.4 4.9 A 0.9
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 14.3 A 1.6 3.0 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.5 81.9 A 1.7 71.2 A 2.2 12.8 A 1.7 12.8 A 1.6 2.0 A 0.6 6.3 A 1.2
Not-for-profit 6.0 A 0.8 1.3 A 0.2 1.4 A 0.5 91.3 A 0.9 87.0 A 1.0 6.0 A 0.7 5.4 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.1 3.7 A 0.6
Charity 3.8 A 0.7 1.0 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.3 93.4 A 0.8 86.6 A 1.6 2.5 A 0.4 5.5 A 1.1 0.0 A 0.0 2.9 A 1.1
For-profit 8.1 A 2.2 1.2 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.6 90.2 A 2.3 80.5 B 2.9 9.0 A 2.1 10.4 A 2.3 4.0 A 1.5 7.1 A 2.1
3.5 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.2 94.9 A 0.4 81.5 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.5 8.8 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.2 5.1 A 0.4
2.3 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.0 A 0.0 97.5 A 0.7 87.1 A 1.4 3.4 A 0.8 6.5 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.2 2.4 A 0.6
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Social Enterprises
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Female Ownership
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 26: Federal Government ProcurementSurvey question(s):
I.12 Over the last 3 years, what percentage of your total sales was generated from contracts with the federal government?
I.13 Which of the following were reasons your business did not sell to the federal government in the last 3 years? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.12 is applicable to all respondents.
I.13 is applicable only to those who did not sell to the Federal government.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Unaware of
contracting
opportunities
Applied for a
contract but was
unsuccessful
Reason for not selling to the federal government
OtherMore than 50% of all
sales
Did not sell to the
federal government
Federal government
not a potential
client
Application process
too complicated or
time consuming
Between 1% and
10% of all sales
Between 11% and
50% of all sales
Sales to the federal government
Employment Size
Region
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 21.2 A 2.5 41.8 B 3.1 30.7 B 3.1 19.1 B 2.5 12.3 A 1.9 19.9 B 2.6 15.3 A 2.2 14.6 A 2.3
1 to 4 employees 29.0 C 5.0 51.0 C 5.4 40.1 C 5.5 17.1 B 4.4 13.9 B 3.1 23.9 B 4.6 18.0 B 4.2 17.9 B 4.3
5 to 19 employees 16.2 B 3.1 40.1 C 5.1 27.1 B 4.8 23.8 B 4.3 14.0 B 3.5 19.8 B 4.3 15.3 B 3.4 14.8 B 3.5
20 to 99 employees 15.2 B 3.2 27.2 B 4.2 20.6 C 6.4 12.6 B 3.4 6.5 A 1.9 12.1 B 3.0 10.9 B 2.8 8.9 B 3.5
100 to 499 employees 20.0 C 5.2 33.9 C 6.0 17.8 C 5.3 27.9 C 6.1 6.6 B 4.1 17.9 C 5.8 8.1 B 4.0 4.8 A 2.4
Atlantic 22.6 C 5.3 34.0 C 5.7 26.9 C 5.5 22.9 C 5.3 5.9 A 2.2 15.8 B 4.5 12.3 B 4.5 11.4 B 4.3
Quebec 6.8 B 2.6 34.1 D 7.9 27.6 C 7.5 12.9 B 4.4 15.1 C 5.6 27.6 D 7.8 11.7 C 5.1 9.0 B 3.6
Ontario 28.6 B 4.9 56.5 C 5.1 37.0 C 5.4 21.9 B 4.7 12.8 B 2.8 20.2 B 4.2 15.7 B 3.7 18.4 B 4.5
Northern Ontario 25.6 E 10.4 46.5 E 10.1 34.5 E 10.0 37.0 D 9.9 25.3 D 8.9 22.3 D 7.9 25.0 D 9.2 17.3 E 10.6
Southern Ontario 28.8 C 5.1 57.1 C 5.4 37.1 C 5.7 21.0 B 5.0 12.0 B 2.9 20.1 B 4.4 15.1 B 3.9 18.5 B 4.7
Prairies 18.4 C 5.0 30.0 C 6.4 35.3 D 8.2 17.1 C 5.8 15.1 C 5.4 21.5 C 6.1 14.4 B 4.9 13.4 B 4.5
Manitoba 12.9 C 6.6 14.2 C 6.7 13.0 C 6.4 4.1 B 3.8 17.4 D 9.5 12.9 D 8.6 4.3 B 3.3 0.0 A 0.0
Saskatchewan 21.0 E 11.2 49.3 E 12.4 47.3 E 12.5 18.4 D 9.3 26.2 E 11.6 45.2 E 12.7 17.0 D 8.9 17.0 D 8.9
Alberta 19.5 C 7.3 28.0 D 9.3 39.4 E 12.7 21.9 D 9.5 9.1 D 7.5 14.6 D 7.9 17.4 D 8.0 17.3 C 7.4
British Columbia and Territories 20.9 C 6.3 31.1 C 7.3 15.3 C 5.1 18.1 C 6.3 9.8 B 4.4 11.1 B 4.2 22.8 C 6.9 15.2 C 6.0
St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 60.7 F 32.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 39.3 F 32.3 60.7 F 32.3
Halifax 44.0 F 16.6 45.0 F 16.5 45.0 F 16.5 38.7 F 16.8 6.8 B 4.9 32.5 F 16.6 39.0 F 16.8 19.1 E 11.2
Quebec 13.5 E 12.6 39.0 F 17.7 2.6 A 2.2 29.5 F 17.5 0.0 A 0.0 2.1 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Montreal 4.7 B 2.8 35.3 E 11.5 35.4 E 11.1 12.6 C 6.4 14.7 D 8.0 34.4 E 11.6 10.7 D 7.6 9.0 B 4.9
Ottawa-Gatineau 21.0 D 7.5 57.5 D 9.5 38.3 E 10.7 22.4 D 9.5 9.0 C 5.1 25.8 D 9.1 12.0 C 5.0 13.8 C 6.3
Toronto 33.8 D 9.2 60.0 D 9.0 47.0 D 9.4 22.5 D 8.7 13.7 C 5.1 20.9 D 7.6 20.1 D 7.6 20.7 D 8.0
Kingston 51.3 E 14.3 51.9 E 14.8 22.1 E 11.2 27.8 E 12.7 19.5 E 10.2 17.0 D 9.9 34.4 E 13.5 10.2 D 8.7
Hamilton 30.5 F 22.4 88.1 D 9.1 26.5 F 21.2 21.4 F 20.2 23.6 F 20.6 22.0 F 20.3 2.5 B 2.6 7.2 C 7.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 0.4 A 0.2 54.8 F 20.0 43.8 F 21.9 12.2 E 11.8 0.0 A 0.0 11.9 E 11.9 12.2 E 11.8 0.4 A 0.2
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 23.5 F 15.8 28.3 F 17.7 33.1 F 19.6 43.1 F 21.9 18.9 F 16.8 9.4 D 9.3 18.9 F 16.8 0.0 A 0.0
London 51.7 F 21.6 62.3 F 19.7 30.4 F 16.0 31.5 F 18.3 11.6 E 11.5 49.7 F 21.5 31.5 F 18.3 19.2 F 17.0
Windsor 58.5 F 24.0 59.5 F 24.0 4.4 B 4.5 4.4 B 4.5 14.8 E 11.7 10.4 E 10.4 26.1 F 21.9 0.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 4.7 B 3.6 53.6 F 15.2 35.4 F 16.8 34.8 F 17.1 38.2 F 16.2 39.5 F 16.1 32.1 F 17.2 2.0 A 1.3
Winnipeg 14.0 C 7.2 15.3 C 7.4 14.1 C 7.0 0.3 A 0.3 18.9 E 10.3 14.0 D 9.3 4.7 B 3.5 0.0 A 0.0
Calgary 28.5 E 12.9 32.7 E 13.2 22.1 E 12.4 8.3 C 6.1 2.2 A 1.8 10.5 C 6.4 6.3 B 4.8 8.1 C 5.4
Edmonton 35.6 F 20.7 20.5 F 18.6 39.8 F 25.1 40.0 F 25.0 39.8 F 25.1 39.8 F 25.1 20.5 F 18.6 17.5 E 12.7
Vancouver 34.6 E 12.9 56.3 E 14.2 45.6 E 13.8 6.8 B 4.6 27.8 E 12.8 21.7 E 10.4 45.0 E 14.1 34.2 E 13.6
Victoria 16.0 E 10.8 41.8 F 19.2 10.7 D 9.2 21.4 F 17.1 9.0 D 8.9 20.4 E 13.7 22.0 E 13.9 30.4 F 18.9
20.7 F 17.7 71.3 F 18.8 88.9 C 6.9 8.6 C 6.1 5.3 B 4.6 69.7 F 19.0 1.6 A 1.9 18.5 F 17.2
12.7 B 3.7 26.5 C 5.3 25.0 C 6.0 16.6 B 4.2 4.5 A 1.8 6.8 A 2.1 8.9 B 3.0 14.3 C 5.1
19.7 B 4.4 43.7 C 6.4 28.5 C 6.1 11.2 B 3.7 14.2 B 4.6 16.6 B 5.0 15.6 C 5.2 6.9 B 3.7
23.8 C 6.3 49.7 C 7.0 31.5 C 7.1 13.3 C 5.1 20.5 C 6.2 29.4 C 6.6 25.4 C 6.9 29.0 C 7.2
29.1 E 10.0 48.7 E 11.5 24.4 E 10.4 30.1 E 11.2 22.4 D 9.5 39.0 E 11.4 16.1 D 8.1 16.7 D 8.0
15.6 C 6.3 37.3 E 10.8 5.9 B 4.5 35.3 D 9.8 2.6 A 1.1 9.6 C 6.6 8.7 C 6.2 1.1 A 0.6
33.5 C 6.7 60.6 C 7.1 50.5 D 7.5 19.9 C 5.6 21.7 C 5.7 36.2 D 7.5 24.0 C 6.3 13.5 B 4.1
13.1 D 10.0 14.6 E 10.2 0.0 A 0.0 14.6 E 10.2 3.1 B 3.2 3.1 B 3.2 13.1 D 10.0 0.0 A 0.0
17.9 D 8.0 20.8 D 8.3 13.3 C 7.1 5.4 B 4.3 6.4 C 5.8 6.7 C 5.8 9.4 C 6.3 35.1 E 11.2
15.5 D 8.4 36.2 D 9.6 23.1 E 10.0 27.6 D 9.7 6.2 B 3.5 9.7 B 4.0 10.3 C 5.3 14.0 D 8.4
Tourism 8.5 C 5.6 23.7 E 11.6 0.5 A 0.3 28.6 E 11.1 2.1 A 1.8 2.7 A 1.9 7.5 C 5.5 0.4 A 0.3
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
43.0 C 7.4 58.2 C 7.4 36.6 C 7.0 17.0 C 5.6 10.3 B 3.8 21.1 C 5.3 18.0 C 5.8 12.7 B 5.0
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 14.3 C 6.5 9.6 B 4.8 8.4 B 4.5 16.1 E 11.2 2.6 A 1.8 3.0 A 1.9 28.3 E 13.8 8.8 B 4.7
Rural 14.8 B 4.5 37.7 D 7.9 27.9 D 8.2 21.1 C 5.3 3.9 A 1.6 12.4 B 3.9 8.4 B 3.7 9.3 B 4.0
Urban 22.4 B 2.8 42.5 B 3.4 31.3 B 3.4 18.8 B 2.8 13.8 A 2.2 21.3 B 2.9 16.6 A 2.5 15.5 B 2.6
Exporter 30.9 C 6.6 58.2 C 6.5 27.6 C 6.6 17.2 B 4.5 14.3 C 5.1 28.2 C 7.1 24.5 C 6.9 11.2 B 3.4
Non-exporter 18.9 B 2.6 37.8 B 3.4 31.5 B 3.5 19.6 B 2.9 11.8 A 2.0 17.9 B 2.6 13.1 A 2.1 15.4 B 2.7
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 15.3 C 5.4 41.9 D 9.3 27.8 D 9.2 11.7 B 4.7 9.2 B 4.2 28.5 D 9.1 7.8 B 3.7 9.3 B 4.1
24.9 C 6.0 48.7 D 8.1 30.6 D 8.2 25.0 D 8.2 18.3 C 5.1 17.4 C 5.1 10.2 B 3.5 16.5 C 6.6
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 15.2 B 2.6 36.1 B 4.4 22.4 B 3.9 18.2 B 3.4 11.8 B 2.8 17.2 B 3.2 16.1 B 3.2 15.2 B 3.2
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 21.0 C 6.1 39.2 D 8.0 41.8 D 8.7 15.2 C 5.1 6.4 B 3.6 14.7 C 5.5 15.9 C 5.0 3.2 A 1.9
24.5 C 7.3 35.3 D 8.7 40.1 D 9.5 20.4 D 8.6 29.2 D 9.3 24.3 D 8.7 17.5 C 7.4 22.2 D 8.2
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 50.0 E 14.9 76.3 E 10.9 40.4 F 15.9 24.2 E 11.7 5.1 B 3.8 41.7 F 15.7 36.3 F 16.6 19.1 D 9.5
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 29.7 C 6.2 55.0 C 6.6 40.0 C 7.1 23.0 C 6.4 8.5 B 2.9 18.5 C 5.6 9.3 B 2.9 19.0 C 6.1
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 18.5 B 4.2 40.0 C 5.9 31.2 C 6.0 22.0 B 5.0 13.3 B 3.9 22.0 B 4.8 15.3 B 3.8 14.0 B 4.2
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 14.6 B 2.5 31.1 B 3.8 23.9 B 3.9 14.2 B 2.7 14.7 B 3.1 16.4 B 3.1 16.1 B 3.3 12.0 B 2.7
29.8 C 5.9 52.4 C 6.6 35.8 C 6.9 28.9 C 6.0 17.7 C 5.1 30.4 C 6.8 14.2 B 4.3 16.6 B 4.8
29.2 C 7.1 40.7 D 7.7 17.3 C 5.5 17.4 C 5.4 17.1 C 5.9 20.1 C 5.6 11.1 B 4.7 15.3 C 5.8
18.5 C 5.4 32.5 C 7.3 10.4 B 3.3 18.5 C 6.0 7.3 B 3.0 10.5 B 3.5 13.0 B 4.5 17.6 C 7.3
22.3 C 5.7 40.7 C 7.1 22.7 C 5.8 22.5 C 6.3 10.4 B 4.5 18.9 C 5.2 16.9 C 5.4 14.9 C 5.1
24.9 B 4.2 45.5 C 5.4 29.1 C 5.1 23.6 B 4.4 14.5 B 3.6 25.0 B 4.9 15.4 B 3.4 16.2 B 4.2
19.5 B 3.2 40.7 B 4.0 31.8 B 4.0 17.6 B 3.2 10.9 A 2.2 17.2 B 3.0 15.5 B 2.9 13.6 B 2.8
Holds IP 25.0 B 3.8 50.7 B 4.6 36.5 B 4.8 17.6 B 3.4 15.6 B 3.1 24.8 B 4.3 21.2 B 3.8 18.0 B 3.5
Holds Formal IP 21.9 C 7.3 51.2 D 8.9 36.4 D 9.4 6.1 A 2.0 11.7 C 5.3 29.9 D 8.8 21.2 D 8.0 1.1 A 0.5
No IP 17.8 B 3.4 34.4 B 4.1 25.8 B 4.0 21.3 B 3.8 8.8 A 2.3 14.9 B 2.8 10.1 A 2.4 11.2 B 3.1
Familiar with at least one type of IP 21.4 B 2.6 42.1 B 3.4 30.8 B 3.3 18.7 B 2.6 12.8 A 2.1 21.1 B 2.9 16.0 A 2.4 14.0 A 2.2
Not familiar with any type of IP 19.8 D 9.2 42.9 D 9.8 31.9 E 10.6 25.4 D 9.6 7.2 B 3.8 10.5 B 4.6 11.8 C 5.4 17.6 D 9.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 21.0 B 2.6 51.6 B 3.2 29.7 B 2.9 22.4 B 2.7 15.8 A 2.3 21.8 B 2.6 15.1 A 2.2 17.0 A 2.3
<30 years old 79.0 F 15.2 82.7 E 12.5 80.2 E 13.1 30.3 F 18.4 7.0 C 6.3 41.3 F 20.7 25.9 F 17.8 11.3 D 8.2
30 to 39 years old 18.6 C 5.8 54.2 E 10.4 50.0 E 10.3 35.3 E 10.3 16.5 C 7.1 27.9 D 8.4 9.6 B 4.7 17.6 C 6.7
40 to 49 years old 23.8 C 5.6 49.0 C 6.4 25.7 C 6.2 21.8 C 5.5 12.2 B 3.9 19.3 C 5.4 18.6 B 4.6 12.7 B 5.0
50 to 64 years old 21.0 B 3.5 36.0 B 4.3 29.0 B 4.3 12.5 B 2.5 11.6 A 2.5 19.0 B 3.6 13.5 B 3.2 13.8 B 3.1
65+ years old 13.3 B 4.1 32.6 C 6.7 26.1 C 6.2 23.2 C 6.4 11.5 B 4.0 14.9 B 4.8 20.4 C 6.4 20.0 C 6.2
Less than high school 8.1 B 4.5 11.7 C 5.5 8.2 B 4.5 17.1 D 8.2 2.4 A 1.9 2.2 A 1.8 1.9 A 1.9 19.8 F 16.6
High school 11.2 B 3.8 30.0 C 6.1 25.9 C 6.1 13.0 B 4.3 12.1 B 4.4 18.4 C 5.3 8.2 B 3.6 11.7 B 4.4
College/Cegep/Trade School 16.5 B 3.6 33.0 C 5.3 29.4 C 5.7 18.5 B 4.2 13.2 B 3.5 19.6 B 4.7 13.5 B 3.5 15.7 B 4.1
Bachelor's degree 21.1 B 3.8 48.6 C 5.4 35.5 C 5.5 22.4 B 4.5 11.9 B 2.9 23.5 B 4.5 15.8 B 3.4 9.6 B 2.7
Master's degree or above 39.4 D 7.9 61.1 C 7.0 33.7 D 8.2 21.1 C 7.3 13.0 B 4.9 19.3 C 6.8 25.7 C 7.1 21.3 C 6.8
In Canada 20.3 B 2.6 39.1 B 3.4 29.2 B 3.4 21.1 B 3.0 12.1 A 2.0 18.6 A 2.5 14.0 A 2.1 15.4 B 2.7
Outside Canada 24.9 C 6.5 51.9 C 7.3 36.9 D 7.5 11.3 B 3.4 13.2 B 4.7 24.9 D 7.6 20.4 C 6.8 11.6 B 4.0
0% 21.7 B 3.4 43.6 B 4.2 33.5 B 4.2 21.5 B 3.6 13.8 B 2.6 19.0 B 3.5 15.3 B 3.1 16.3 B 3.3
1% to 49% 19.7 C 5.2 36.3 C 6.9 24.6 C 6.0 18.9 C 5.6 8.6 B 3.4 21.3 C 5.6 13.7 B 4.5 9.6 B 3.8
50% 20.5 C 5.3 37.2 C 7.3 31.7 D 8.1 14.0 B 4.6 14.4 B 4.9 23.5 C 6.3 12.4 B 4.1 12.5 B 4.3
51% to 99% 4.4 B 3.0 67.8 F 15.7 16.8 E 11.9 6.0 B 3.7 29.0 F 16.5 42.6 F 19.5 27.9 F 15.6 12.0 E 11.4
100% 23.9 D 8.7 42.1 E 11.7 20.6 D 8.0 15.1 C 6.8 0.5 A 0.5 14.1 C 6.6 21.6 D 8.0 14.5 C 7.2
Potential Borrowers8.4 C 5.2 67.9 E 13.8 72.4 E 11.4 21.2 E 12.1 1.6 A 1.2 62.4 F 15.3 17.0 E 11.6 12.1 E 10.7
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
44.7 F 18.3 51.1 F 18.3 42.8 F 18.3 42.5 F 18.4 4.9 B 3.8 8.4 B 4.9 5.6 B 4.4 33.7 F 18.7
Co-operatives Co-operatives 10.3 C 5.0 29.1 D 7.5 40.4 D 9.1 38.1 D 9.0 30.2 D 8.9 33.9 D 8.9 14.0 C 5.4 10.3 C 5.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 31.7 B 4.9 51.1 C 5.0 35.2 B 4.7 17.3 B 3.2 22.5 B 4.4 26.8 B 4.1 16.7 B 3.6 17.0 B 4.0
Not-for-profit 30.8 C 5.3 39.5 C 5.2 11.2 B 4.0 22.4 B 4.6 8.7 A 1.7 38.4 C 5.3 36.1 C 5.6 19.3 C 5.3
Charity 18.8 B 3.7 46.9 C 5.7 20.7 B 4.8 11.9 A 2.4 11.3 A 1.6 8.1 B 4.3 20.7 B 4.8 6.3 A 2.2
For-profit 6.4 B 3.5 45.7 E 12.3 13.1 C 6.7 28.6 E 10.9 0.8 A 0.8 2.4 A 1.5 20.9 D 8.6 10.0 C 6.2
20.5 B 2.6 41.5 B 3.2 31.4 B 3.2 19.6 B 2.6 12.2 A 1.9 20.1 B 2.7 15.8 A 2.3 15.3 A 2.4
32.1 E 10.6 46.8 E 12.8 20.5 D 8.3 11.8 C 5.2 13.6 C 7.5 16.4 D 7.8 8.6 B 4.3 4.0 A 2.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Location
Employment Size
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Special industry
aggregations
High costs associated
with the contracting
process
Lack of
communication after
the application
submitted
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
CMA Level
Difficulties in finding
contracting
opportunities
Social Enterprises
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 27: Obstacles to Federal Government ProcurementSurvey question(s):
I.15 Has your business investigated the process for applying for a federal government contract over the last three years?
I.16 Which of the following were obstacles that your business faced when selling to the federal government? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.15 is applicable to those that did not apply on federal government contracts because the process was too complicated.
I.16 is applicable to those that sold to the federal government and those that did not sell but investigated the process for applying for federal government contracts.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Obstacles when selling to the federal government
Difficulty meeting all
contracting
requirements
OtherLong delays in
receiving payment
Difficulty providing
all services required
in contract
Complexity of
contracting process
Region
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 29.3 A 0.7 21.0 A 0.6 16.1 A 0.6 7.4 A 0.4 9.4 A 0.5 11.8 A 0.5 46.3 A 0.8 46.4 A 0.8 53.6 A 0.8 8.5 A 0.6 93.1 A 0.5 31.6 A 1.0
1 to 4 employees 26.1 A 1.0 16.1 A 0.8 11.7 A 0.7 4.0 A 0.5 7.6 A 0.6 11.2 A 0.7 40.4 A 1.1 60.4 A 1.1 39.6 A 1.1 9.8 A 1.3 92.7 A 0.9 30.7 A 1.7
5 to 19 employees 31.3 A 1.3 23.3 A 1.2 20.2 A 1.1 8.2 A 0.8 9.6 A 0.8 12.9 A 0.9 49.1 A 1.3 33.3 A 1.3 66.7 A 1.3 7.9 A 0.9 92.4 A 0.9 31.2 A 1.7
20 to 99 employees 35.4 A 1.8 33.9 A 1.9 23.4 A 1.5 17.7 A 1.4 14.5 A 1.3 11.7 A 1.1 62.2 A 1.9 20.5 A 1.5 79.5 A 1.5 7.2 A 1.0 94.9 A 0.8 34.6 A 2.1
100 to 499 employees 50.1 B 3.4 50.6 B 3.4 35.6 B 3.1 32.7 B 2.9 31.7 B 3.1 11.4 A 1.5 78.8 A 2.4 14.4 B 2.8 85.6 B 2.8 6.0 A 1.1 97.5 A 0.6 33.4 B 3.6
Atlantic 15.9 A 1.6 13.4 A 1.8 13.1 A 1.6 2.2 A 0.5 4.3 A 0.9 12.2 A 1.6 36.5 A 2.3 59.0 A 2.2 41.0 A 2.2 12.3 A 2.5 87.2 B 2.6 24.9 B 2.8
Quebec 26.6 A 1.6 21.7 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.4 13.3 A 1.2 11.1 A 1.2 10.0 A 1.0 46.6 A 1.8 45.8 A 1.8 54.2 A 1.8 11.4 A 1.9 91.5 A 1.4 26.6 A 2.4
Ontario 32.9 A 1.2 23.9 A 1.1 16.6 A 0.9 7.0 A 0.6 11.3 A 0.8 12.2 A 0.8 49.6 A 1.2 40.6 A 1.2 59.4 A 1.2 7.2 A 0.8 93.8 A 0.7 31.9 A 1.5
Northern Ontario 25.0 A 2.4 17.8 A 2.2 12.0 A 1.7 5.1 A 1.5 4.5 A 1.0 8.7 A 1.5 43.2 B 2.8 43.5 B 2.9 56.5 B 2.9 6.4 A 2.4 92.4 A 2.0 30.1 B 3.5
Southern Ontario 33.4 A 1.3 24.3 A 1.1 16.9 A 0.9 7.2 A 0.6 11.7 A 0.8 12.4 A 0.9 50.0 A 1.3 40.4 A 1.3 59.6 A 1.3 7.3 A 0.8 93.9 A 0.7 32.0 A 1.5
Prairies 24.1 A 1.4 16.1 A 1.2 12.8 A 1.2 3.9 A 0.6 5.3 A 0.7 11.9 A 1.1 39.4 A 1.6 54.4 A 1.7 45.6 A 1.7 4.9 A 1.0 95.0 A 1.2 39.9 B 2.6
Manitoba 26.7 B 3.3 17.6 B 2.8 14.3 B 2.7 3.7 A 1.1 5.4 A 1.5 14.1 A 2.4 43.7 B 3.6 53.2 B 3.5 46.8 B 3.5 5.3 A 2.1 93.7 B 2.5 32.4 B 4.9
Saskatchewan 17.4 A 2.4 11.5 A 2.2 11.1 A 2.1 4.8 A 1.4 3.2 A 1.1 11.9 A 2.1 31.8 B 3.1 60.9 B 3.3 39.1 B 3.3 4.7 A 1.8 93.8 B 3.2 40.9 C 5.3
Alberta 25.1 A 1.8 16.9 A 1.6 12.9 A 1.5 3.8 A 0.8 5.8 A 0.9 11.5 A 1.5 40.2 A 2.1 53.1 A 2.2 46.9 A 2.2 4.9 A 1.2 95.5 A 1.5 41.3 B 3.3
British Columbia and Territories 36.6 A 2.2 22.7 A 1.9 16.5 A 1.6 6.3 A 1.1 10.1 A 1.2 13.2 A 1.6 50.8 A 2.2 45.3 A 2.3 54.7 A 2.3 10.3 A 1.8 93.4 A 1.6 31.1 B 3.0
St. John's 16.4 C 5.8 29.4 D 9.6 10.5 B 4.8 2.7 A 2.2 7.0 B 4.1 14.9 D 8.0 46.2 D 9.2 65.0 D 8.5 35.0 D 8.5 9.1 C 7.0 78.6 F 16.3 22.9 E 10.2
Halifax 24.8 B 4.8 22.1 C 5.7 22.0 B 4.8 3.4 A 1.6 9.0 B 3.2 10.0 B 3.5 45.7 C 6.5 47.8 C 6.1 52.2 C 6.1 17.5 C 6.4 94.1 B 3.5 33.5 C 6.9
Quebec 24.5 B 4.9 24.1 B 4.8 17.6 B 4.3 12.9 B 3.5 11.6 B 3.3 6.4 A 2.3 41.1 C 6.2 42.2 C 7.0 57.8 C 7.0 9.0 B 4.0 94.3 B 3.8 38.9 D 9.3
Montreal 31.8 B 2.5 22.5 A 2.1 20.6 A 2.4 13.7 A 1.8 14.3 A 2.0 11.0 A 1.7 50.8 B 2.8 38.6 B 2.6 61.4 B 2.6 10.9 A 2.4 89.8 A 2.2 26.9 B 3.0
Ottawa-Gatineau 44.7 B 4.6 38.7 B 4.9 30.3 B 4.5 10.9 B 2.5 21.6 B 3.5 17.5 B 4.0 62.5 B 4.7 35.4 B 4.5 64.6 B 4.5 5.4 A 1.7 97.2 A 0.9 44.2 C 5.6
Toronto 35.6 A 2.0 24.3 A 1.7 17.2 A 1.4 7.4 A 1.0 13.8 A 1.5 12.0 A 1.3 51.7 A 2.1 41.5 A 2.1 58.5 A 2.1 7.6 A 1.2 92.6 A 1.2 32.1 A 2.4
Kingston 25.8 B 4.2 20.3 B 4.2 14.8 B 3.2 3.6 A 1.8 6.8 B 2.6 15.8 B 3.6 42.8 B 4.9 43.2 C 5.2 56.8 C 5.2 12.4 C 5.1 93.5 B 2.9 38.7 C 6.0
Hamilton 40.6 C 6.1 27.5 C 5.8 9.9 B 2.8 7.1 B 2.7 8.1 B 2.9 11.6 B 3.6 52.4 C 6.1 23.7 B 4.9 76.3 B 4.9 11.8 C 5.5 95.7 A 1.9 27.0 C 6.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 21.3 C 5.2 21.2 B 4.8 12.9 B 3.2 6.1 A 2.1 11.4 B 4.4 18.8 C 5.2 50.5 C 5.5 48.3 C 6.1 51.7 C 6.1 7.8 B 3.4 96.9 A 1.5 31.5 D 8.4
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 33.1 C 5.6 27.9 C 5.3 23.4 B 4.9 16.3 B 4.4 16.1 B 4.5 10.8 B 3.1 50.1 C 5.3 32.5 C 5.3 67.5 C 5.3 4.9 A 1.9 89.0 B 4.2 41.0 C 6.8
London 25.0 B 4.1 14.5 B 3.2 12.7 B 3.2 7.3 A 2.5 6.9 A 2.4 12.7 B 4.3 41.9 C 5.6 38.3 C 5.4 61.7 C 5.4 4.9 A 2.3 93.8 B 3.1 39.5 C 7.1
Windsor 33.1 C 5.6 30.1 C 5.5 21.8 B 4.5 7.7 B 2.9 12.1 B 3.4 15.1 B 3.5 57.1 C 5.9 34.6 C 5.8 65.4 C 5.8 5.2 B 2.9 96.0 A 1.8 33.2 C 6.3
Thunder Bay 27.0 B 4.6 18.1 B 4.3 10.1 B 2.6 6.3 B 3.1 8.9 B 3.3 11.9 B 3.4 48.2 C 5.5 44.2 C 5.4 55.8 C 5.4 1.2 A 1.0 94.0 A 2.3 33.7 C 6.9
Winnipeg 29.6 B 4.3 20.1 B 3.8 14.4 B 3.4 4.2 A 1.5 7.2 A 2.3 14.6 B 3.0 46.1 B 4.6 46.2 B 4.6 53.8 B 4.6 5.5 B 2.6 94.8 B 2.9 34.8 C 5.9
Calgary 38.5 B 4.0 21.4 B 3.6 18.1 B 3.5 4.6 A 1.3 7.1 A 1.9 10.9 A 2.4 49.0 B 4.1 46.0 B 4.1 54.0 B 4.1 3.5 A 1.3 98.5 A 0.7 48.1 C 5.4
Edmonton 21.2 B 3.5 20.4 B 3.6 14.0 B 3.1 3.2 A 1.6 7.1 A 2.0 20.0 B 3.9 46.3 B 4.3 52.4 B 4.3 47.6 B 4.3 4.7 A 2.4 98.4 A 0.9 44.3 C 6.2
Vancouver 46.9 B 3.4 26.9 B 3.1 21.3 B 2.8 9.5 A 1.8 15.5 A 2.2 15.0 A 2.4 60.5 B 3.2 39.6 B 3.3 60.4 B 3.3 11.9 B 2.8 94.1 A 1.9 30.2 B 3.9
Victoria 32.9 D 7.6 19.2 C 6.0 13.1 B 4.5 1.5 A 0.9 8.1 B 3.4 15.0 C 6.2 48.8 D 8.5 40.0 D 8.4 60.0 D 8.4 10.3 C 5.2 93.0 B 4.5 22.6 D 10.0
14.3 A 1.6 16.7 A 1.7 8.1 A 1.4 5.5 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.5 11.1 A 1.5 33.2 A 2.2 77.3 A 2.1 22.7 A 2.1 12.0 B 3.5 84.5 B 3.9 28.1 B 4.9
22.6 A 1.9 9.7 A 1.3 7.9 A 1.2 4.0 A 0.9 3.7 A 0.7 6.6 A 1.1 31.0 A 2.1 53.5 A 2.3 46.5 A 2.3 4.7 A 1.2 94.5 A 1.5 36.4 B 3.5
31.9 A 2.1 21.0 A 1.8 17.4 A 1.6 16.4 A 1.4 13.1 A 1.5 12.8 A 1.5 53.3 A 2.3 28.1 A 2.0 71.9 A 2.0 8.6 A 1.6 93.7 A 1.3 31.8 A 2.4
31.6 A 2.1 24.6 A 1.9 23.8 A 1.9 13.9 A 1.5 12.4 A 1.5 13.1 A 1.6 52.9 A 2.2 34.6 A 2.1 65.4 A 2.1 5.6 A 1.2 96.1 A 0.8 38.7 B 2.7
19.4 A 1.8 19.8 A 1.8 19.8 A 1.9 8.1 A 1.3 5.9 A 1.0 12.4 A 1.7 43.3 A 2.4 36.2 A 2.2 63.8 A 2.2 12.8 A 2.2 89.8 A 1.8 26.1 B 2.5
16.7 A 1.7 11.4 A 1.7 9.3 A 1.4 4.2 A 0.9 6.5 A 1.3 10.3 A 1.6 33.2 A 2.3 70.3 A 2.1 29.7 A 2.1 8.2 B 2.8 93.4 B 2.6 35.3 B 4.2
55.1 A 2.2 38.1 A 2.1 26.6 A 1.9 11.6 A 1.4 26.6 A 2.0 19.6 A 1.8 71.3 A 2.0 40.8 A 2.1 59.2 A 2.1 9.4 A 2.0 93.6 A 1.4 30.1 B 2.7
19.5 A 1.8 20.1 A 1.8 12.6 A 1.5 5.7 A 1.0 5.1 A 1.0 9.3 A 1.3 37.2 A 2.2 38.1 A 2.3 61.9 A 2.3 14.0 A 2.3 86.0 A 2.2 20.5 A 2.2
20.2 A 1.8 15.5 A 1.6 14.6 A 1.6 4.2 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.7 9.3 A 1.4 37.2 A 2.3 44.7 A 2.4 55.3 A 2.4 7.7 A 1.9 95.6 A 1.1 27.7 B 2.7
36.0 A 2.2 24.1 A 1.9 17.4 A 1.7 5.7 A 1.1 9.1 A 1.3 12.1 A 1.4 53.6 A 2.3 46.4 A 2.2 53.6 A 2.2 5.8 A 1.5 96.4 A 1.1 37.4 B 3.0
Tourism 23.5 A 2.1 23.6 A 2.1 12.6 A 1.4 5.5 A 0.9 7.9 A 1.5 10.8 A 1.5 43.6 A 2.3 36.7 A 2.3 63.3 A 2.3 12.7 A 2.0 88.7 A 1.9 26.6 B 2.7
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
67.1 B 3.2 55.2 B 3.3 39.2 B 3.2 24.7 B 2.6 57.6 B 3.3 28.3 B 3.0 88.2 A 2.3 38.3 B 3.2 61.7 B 3.2 6.5 A 1.7 94.6 A 2.2 38.6 B 4.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 56.8 C 5.1 29.3 B 4.7 21.0 B 4.3 8.5 A 2.5 19.0 B 3.9 20.3 B 4.3 69.3 B 4.6 48.4 C 5.3 51.6 C 5.3 9.0 B 4.9 95.8 B 3.3 34.0 C 6.6
Rural 18.5 A 1.4 16.1 A 1.3 9.6 A 0.9 4.8 A 0.7 4.3 A 0.7 10.1 A 1.0 33.9 A 1.6 59.0 A 1.7 41.0 A 1.7 8.0 A 1.7 91.4 A 1.6 27.2 A 2.3
Urban 31.9 A 0.8 22.2 A 0.7 17.7 A 0.7 8.0 A 0.5 10.7 A 0.5 12.2 A 0.6 49.3 A 0.9 43.4 A 0.9 56.6 A 0.9 8.6 A 0.7 93.4 A 0.6 32.3 A 1.1
Exporter 51.1 A 2.2 37.3 A 2.1 27.1 A 1.9 14.5 A 1.3 21.9 A 1.8 18.4 A 1.9 68.2 A 2.0 23.1 A 1.9 76.9 A 1.9 13.3 A 2.2 94.0 A 1.1 36.5 A 2.4
Non-exporter 26.4 A 0.8 18.8 A 0.7 14.7 A 0.6 6.4 A 0.4 7.8 A 0.5 10.9 A 0.5 43.4 A 0.8 49.5 A 0.8 50.5 A 0.8 7.6 A 0.6 92.9 A 0.6 30.6 A 1.2
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 45.9 B 3.0 32.9 B 2.9 26.1 B 2.7 13.5 A 2.3 17.4 A 2.3 17.0 A 2.4 64.2 B 2.8 34.6 B 3.0 65.4 B 3.0 7.0 A 2.0 94.7 A 1.9 42.3 B 3.7
32.4 A 2.4 23.0 A 2.1 19.1 A 2.0 8.7 A 1.2 12.9 A 1.7 12.4 A 1.7 48.6 B 2.6 35.6 A 2.4 64.4 A 2.4 11.5 A 2.5 94.0 A 1.6 35.9 B 3.1
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 29.3 A 1.1 21.5 A 1.0 16.7 A 0.9 8.1 A 0.6 9.3 A 0.7 10.8 A 0.7 48.3 A 1.2 44.2 A 1.2 55.8 A 1.2 7.7 A 0.8 93.7 A 0.7 30.6 A 1.6
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 24.1 A 1.8 13.7 A 1.3 10.6 A 1.2 4.3 A 0.7 5.5 A 0.8 10.3 A 1.2 36.4 A 2.0 58.6 A 2.0 41.4 A 2.0 9.3 A 2.1 92.0 A 1.7 26.2 B 2.7
23.9 A 2.1 18.0 A 1.9 15.4 A 1.9 6.2 A 1.2 7.9 A 1.4 11.5 A 1.5 41.3 A 2.4 50.8 A 2.5 49.2 A 2.5 7.9 A 1.8 90.5 A 2.0 27.6 B 3.0
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 28.3 A 2.2 24.1 A 2.2 13.2 A 1.5 5.5 A 1.0 9.6 A 1.5 13.8 A 1.7 44.9 A 2.4 50.6 B 2.5 49.4 B 2.5 9.9 A 2.0 91.9 A 1.9 31.9 B 3.3
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 32.0 A 1.4 22.9 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.2 8.4 A 0.9 9.9 A 0.9 12.1 A 1.0 49.4 A 1.5 46.6 A 1.5 53.4 A 1.5 7.4 A 1.1 95.0 A 0.8 33.5 A 2.0
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 27.4 A 1.4 20.2 A 1.2 15.9 A 1.2 7.1 A 0.8 11.2 A 1.0 11.6 A 1.1 44.5 A 1.6 46.5 A 1.5 53.5 A 1.5 7.8 A 1.2 92.1 A 1.2 34.9 A 2.2
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 28.3 A 1.3 18.7 A 1.0 14.3 A 0.9 7.0 A 0.5 7.4 A 0.7 11.0 A 0.8 45.0 A 1.4 44.9 A 1.4 55.1 A 1.4 9.9 A 1.3 92.3 A 1.0 26.9 A 1.5
44.5 A 1.9 36.5 A 1.8 26.0 A 1.6 13.2 A 1.1 17.2 A 1.4 18.1 A 1.5 64.3 A 1.9 29.0 A 1.8 71.0 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.6 94.4 A 1.1 38.2 A 2.2
48.1 A 2.2 38.3 A 2.2 26.8 A 1.9 14.7 A 1.4 19.5 A 1.7 21.0 A 1.9 68.8 A 2.1 29.2 A 2.0 70.8 A 2.0 8.1 A 1.5 96.2 A 0.9 35.6 B 2.6
50.2 A 2.3 41.2 A 2.3 29.7 A 2.1 13.9 A 1.3 19.6 A 1.8 21.5 A 2.0 71.2 A 2.1 29.6 A 2.2 70.4 A 2.2 6.9 A 1.6 96.0 A 1.2 38.1 B 2.7
41.6 A 2.2 36.2 A 2.2 26.7 A 1.9 11.0 A 1.3 14.6 A 1.5 20.2 A 1.9 65.4 A 2.2 24.3 A 1.9 75.7 A 1.9 9.2 A 1.6 94.8 A 1.2 36.4 B 2.5
41.2 A 1.4 35.1 A 1.4 24.5 A 1.2 12.1 A 0.8 16.6 A 1.1 18.5 A 1.2 63.8 A 1.4 30.6 A 1.4 69.4 A 1.4 8.0 A 1.1 94.5 A 0.8 35.9 A 1.7
24.4 A 0.9 14.2 A 0.7 11.7 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.5 6.2 A 0.5 8.7 A 0.6 38.1 A 1.0 54.4 A 1.0 45.6 A 1.0 8.4 A 0.9 92.6 A 0.7 28.2 A 1.4
Holds IP 50.9 A 1.6 39.0 A 1.5 30.9 A 1.5 15.9 A 1.1 22.8 A 1.4 18.4 A 1.3 71.2 A 1.4 26.9 A 1.4 73.1 A 1.4 9.2 A 1.3 95.2 A 0.8 37.1 A 1.7
Holds Formal IP 49.8 A 2.4 39.8 A 2.3 31.1 A 2.2 19.1 A 1.8 23.4 A 2.1 15.2 A 1.8 67.0 A 2.3 16.1 A 1.9 83.9 A 1.9 11.3 A 1.8 93.9 A 1.2 36.8 A 2.5
No IP 21.8 A 0.8 13.9 A 0.7 10.0 A 0.6 4.0 A 0.4 4.5 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.6 36.9 A 1.0 54.5 A 1.0 45.5 A 1.0 7.6 A 0.7 92.3 A 0.7 27.9 A 1.4
Familiar with at least one type of IP 34.3 A 0.9 24.7 A 0.8 18.6 A 0.7 8.6 A 0.5 11.6 A 0.6 13.4 A 0.6 52.8 A 0.9 42.8 A 0.9 57.2 A 0.9 7.9 A 0.7 94.4 A 0.6 33.0 A 1.2
Not familiar with any type of IP 13.3 A 1.3 6.6 A 0.8 5.4 A 0.8 2.2 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.4 6.0 A 0.8 22.8 A 1.6 61.7 A 1.8 38.3 A 1.8 9.9 A 2.0 88.1 A 1.7 22.7 B 2.6
Procurement Did business with Federal government 48.9 B 2.8 36.7 B 2.7 33.2 B 2.6 24.3 A 2.5 24.6 A 2.5 20.8 A 2.3 74.4 B 2.5 8.8 A 1.5 91.2 A 1.5 6.7 A 1.4 95.9 A 0.9 33.9 B 2.8
<30 years old 27.9 C 5.4 32.8 C 6.6 17.4 C 5.8 8.0 A 2.5 5.9 A 2.3 17.8 C 5.0 54.1 C 5.9 45.9 C 6.1 54.1 C 6.1 6.9 B 2.5 95.1 A 2.4 50.5 D 8.7
30 to 39 years old 32.8 A 2.1 24.6 A 1.9 19.1 A 1.7 9.1 A 1.4 10.3 A 1.3 11.3 A 1.4 48.9 A 2.2 41.8 A 2.2 58.2 A 2.2 7.5 A 1.5 93.3 A 1.4 36.9 B 2.9
40 to 49 years old 33.8 A 1.6 25.5 A 1.5 19.0 A 1.3 8.9 A 0.9 13.6 A 1.2 13.0 A 1.1 51.3 A 1.7 45.0 A 1.6 55.0 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.1 95.4 A 0.8 33.2 A 2.1
50 to 64 years old 27.0 A 1.0 17.8 A 0.8 14.6 A 0.8 6.3 A 0.5 8.0 A 0.6 11.1 A 0.7 43.6 A 1.2 48.9 A 1.2 51.1 A 1.2 8.3 A 0.9 93.7 A 0.8 30.5 A 1.5
65+ years old 24.8 A 2.0 18.2 A 1.8 12.5 A 1.6 6.3 A 1.2 5.9 A 1.0 11.7 A 1.5 42.1 A 2.3 45.2 A 2.3 54.8 A 2.3 13.6 B 2.6 85.6 A 2.3 22.9 B 2.5
Less than high school 14.1 A 2.4 8.1 A 1.5 9.4 A 1.8 4.0 A 1.3 2.0 A 0.7 6.0 A 1.2 25.9 B 2.8 63.9 B 3.2 36.1 B 3.2 4.5 A 2.3 89.2 B 3.3 20.4 B 3.9
High school 17.0 A 1.2 11.1 A 1.0 8.4 A 0.8 3.3 A 0.4 3.2 A 0.5 9.9 A 1.0 30.6 A 1.5 53.2 A 1.7 46.8 A 1.7 8.0 A 1.2 89.9 A 1.5 29.2 A 2.4
College/Cegep/Trade School 26.7 A 1.3 19.4 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.0 6.0 A 0.7 8.2 A 0.8 10.6 A 0.8 44.1 A 1.5 48.3 A 1.5 51.7 A 1.5 8.7 A 1.2 94.4 A 0.7 32.3 A 1.9
Bachelor's degree 38.0 A 1.6 27.6 A 1.4 23.4 A 1.4 11.6 A 1.0 13.8 A 1.1 14.0 A 1.2 58.2 A 1.6 36.2 A 1.6 63.8 A 1.6 8.5 A 1.3 94.0 A 1.0 32.2 A 1.9
Master's degree or above 45.1 A 2.2 34.1 A 2.1 21.4 A 1.7 10.7 A 1.4 17.6 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.6 63.8 A 2.2 42.0 A 2.2 58.0 A 2.2 10.1 A 1.7 94.2 A 1.3 35.3 B 2.7
In Canada 29.2 A 0.8 21.3 A 0.7 16.3 A 0.7 7.3 A 0.4 8.9 A 0.5 11.3 A 0.6 45.6 A 0.9 45.1 A 0.9 54.9 A 0.9 8.0 A 0.7 94.0 A 0.6 32.3 A 1.2
Outside Canada 29.4 A 1.6 20.0 A 1.3 15.7 A 1.2 7.6 A 0.9 11.2 A 1.0 13.2 A 1.2 48.3 A 1.7 50.5 A 1.7 49.5 A 1.7 10.2 A 1.4 90.1 A 1.4 29.1 A 2.1
0% 30.1 A 1.0 20.2 A 0.9 15.6 A 0.8 8.2 A 0.6 9.8 A 0.6 10.9 A 0.7 45.5 A 1.1 47.3 A 1.1 52.7 A 1.1 8.1 A 0.9 92.8 A 0.8 31.0 A 1.5
1% to 49% 33.2 A 2.4 28.9 A 2.3 22.2 A 2.1 7.9 A 0.9 12.9 A 1.7 12.7 A 1.6 55.9 A 2.4 42.4 A 2.4 57.6 A 2.4 7.4 A 1.6 95.2 A 0.9 36.3 B 3.1
50% 27.7 A 1.6 21.0 A 1.4 15.0 A 1.2 6.0 A 0.9 8.0 A 1.0 11.5 A 1.1 45.2 A 1.7 47.5 A 1.7 52.5 A 1.7 7.6 A 1.3 93.1 A 1.2 32.8 A 2.3
51% to 99% 30.2 B 4.7 24.2 B 4.5 15.3 B 3.7 10.9 B 3.3 10.5 B 2.8 16.3 B 4.3 47.3 C 5.2 42.6 C 5.3 57.4 C 5.3 9.8 B 3.5 89.9 B 3.7 35.1 C 6.1
100% 25.2 A 2.0 17.6 A 1.8 15.4 A 1.8 5.0 A 1.0 7.5 A 1.2 14.5 A 1.7 43.4 A 2.3 44.9 A 2.3 55.1 A 2.3 12.1 A 2.4 93.2 A 1.5 27.6 B 2.8
Potential Borrowers26.4 B 3.4 22.0 B 3.2 12.3 A 2.3 4.3 A 1.2 8.3 A 2.2 8.6 A 2.0 38.5 B 3.7 52.6 B 3.7 47.4 B 3.7 12.6 B 3.3 90.2 B 2.9 27.1 B 4.5
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
32.3 B 4.7 27.9 B 4.4 23.3 B 4.2 7.9 A 2.1 10.9 B 3.2 17.9 B 4.0 48.9 C 5.0 36.2 B 4.9 63.8 B 4.9 8.3 B 4.0 91.9 B 3.6 38.6 C 5.8
Co-operatives Co-operatives 25.4 A 1.6 29.3 A 1.7 16.2 A 1.4 16.1 A 1.4 11.1 A 1.3 14.3 A 1.4 52.6 A 1.8 38.1 A 1.8 61.9 A 1.8 10.3 A 1.4 94.0 A 1.0 21.3 A 2.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 43.8 A 2.2 30.8 A 2.1 32.3 A 2.1 29.0 A 2.1 19.3 A 1.9 11.6 A 1.5 68.1 A 2.0 6.6 A 1.1 93.4 A 1.1 3.9 A 0.8 97.0 A 0.7 29.3 A 2.0
Not-for-profit 38.8 A 1.4 35.1 A 1.4 19.3 A 1.2 15.4 A 1.0 9.9 A 0.8 12.1 A 0.9 61.4 A 1.3 29.6 A 1.3 70.4 A 1.3 7.3 A 1.1 93.2 A 0.5 34.6 A 1.6
Charity 43.0 A 2.0 29.9 A 1.9 16.8 A 1.4 11.4 A 1.3 10.3 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.7 56.4 A 1.9 14.7 A 1.1 85.3 A 1.1 19.0 A 1.5 92.0 A 1.4 37.0 A 2.0
For-profit 39.1 B 3.6 37.0 B 3.6 27.8 B 3.4 12.0 A 2.5 12.1 A 2.4 12.6 A 2.3 62.9 B 3.5 33.4 B 3.5 66.6 B 3.5 6.9 B 2.5 95.7 A 1.3 28.2 B 4.1
30.5 A 0.8 22.0 A 0.7 16.8 A 0.6 8.1 A 0.5 10.3 A 0.5 12.4 A 0.6 48.1 A 0.8 44.9 A 0.8 55.1 A 0.8 8.5 A 0.7 93.3 A 0.6 32.2 A 1.1
21.3 A 1.9 14.7 A 1.5 11.7 A 1.4 2.6 A 0.5 3.6 A 0.8 7.8 A 1.0 34.4 A 2.1 56.7 A 2.3 43.3 A 2.3 8.5 B 2.6 91.3 A 2.0 26.9 B 3.1
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Business
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Online forms for
collecting customer
information
Region
CMA Level
Employment Size
Customer/Supplier
Relationship
Management
Software (CRM)
Enterprise Resource
Planning Software
(ERP)
Application
Programming
Interface (API)
Other
Adopted at least
one technology over
the last three years
Did not have a
website in 2017
Technology adoption
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 28: Technology and Website AdoptionSurvey question(s):
I.18 Did your business use any of the following technologies over the past three years? (Respondents could choose multiple categories.) I.19 Did your business
have an Internet website in 2017? I.20 Which of the following features does
your Internet website offer? (Respondents could choose all categories.)
Notes:
I.18 is applicable to all respondents. I.19 is
applicable to all respondents. I.20 is applicable to
those with an Internet website.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Business website
Cloud computing Data AnalyticsHad a website in
2017
Website features
Online paymentMarketing or
contact information
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 25.2 A 0.7 74.8 A 0.7
1 to 4 employees 21.7 A 1.0 78.3 A 1.0
5 to 19 employees 26.4 A 1.3 73.6 A 1.3
20 to 99 employees 34.9 A 1.8 65.1 A 1.8
100 to 499 employees 51.2 B 3.3 48.8 B 3.3
Atlantic 22.6 A 1.9 77.4 A 1.9
Quebec 27.4 A 1.7 72.6 A 1.7
Ontario 23.8 A 1.1 76.2 A 1.1
Northern Ontario 19.9 A 2.4 80.1 A 2.4
Southern Ontario 24.1 A 1.2 75.9 A 1.2
Prairies 23.6 A 1.5 76.4 A 1.5
Manitoba 23.2 B 3.2 76.8 B 3.2
Saskatchewan 22.0 B 2.6 78.0 B 2.6
Alberta 24.1 A 1.9 75.9 A 1.9
British Columbia and Territories 28.0 A 2.0 72.0 A 2.0
St. John's 20.4 C 6.4 79.6 C 6.4
Halifax 34.5 C 6.3 65.5 C 6.3
Quebec 34.9 C 6.0 65.1 C 6.0
Montreal 27.3 A 2.5 72.7 A 2.5
Ottawa-Gatineau 35.6 B 4.7 64.4 B 4.7
Toronto 25.0 A 1.8 75.0 A 1.8
Kingston 20.0 B 4.0 80.0 B 4.0
Hamilton 27.2 C 5.8 72.8 C 5.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 10.7 A 2.5 89.3 A 2.5
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 18.5 B 4.2 81.5 B 4.2
London 27.4 C 5.4 72.6 C 5.4
Windsor 20.5 B 4.6 79.5 B 4.6
Thunder Bay 28.3 C 5.1 71.7 C 5.1
Winnipeg 23.4 B 4.1 76.6 B 4.1
Calgary 28.0 B 3.6 72.0 B 3.6
Edmonton 27.0 B 4.2 73.0 B 4.2
Vancouver 34.2 B 3.3 65.8 B 3.3
Victoria 34.8 D 8.4 65.2 D 8.4
33.7 A 2.3 66.3 A 2.3
20.8 A 1.8 79.2 A 1.8
32.5 A 2.1 67.5 A 2.1
27.0 A 1.9 73.0 A 1.9
20.5 A 2.0 79.5 A 2.0
17.9 A 1.9 82.1 A 1.9
33.3 A 2.1 66.7 A 2.1
14.7 A 1.6 85.3 A 1.6
17.4 A 1.8 82.6 A 1.8
29.6 A 2.1 70.4 A 2.1
Tourism 17.2 A 1.9 82.8 A 1.9
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
36.2 B 3.2 63.8 B 3.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 37.7 C 5.2 62.3 C 5.2
Rural 22.3 A 1.4 77.7 A 1.4
Urban 25.9 A 0.8 74.1 A 0.8
Exporter 43.1 A 2.3 56.9 A 2.3
Non-exporter 22.8 A 0.7 77.2 A 0.7
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 40.6 B 3.0 59.4 B 3.0
29.7 A 2.5 70.3 A 2.5
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 22.4 A 1.0 77.6 A 1.0
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 23.1 A 1.8 76.9 A 1.8
25.7 A 2.2 74.3 A 2.2
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 22.3 A 1.9 77.7 A 1.9
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 25.9 A 1.4 74.1 A 1.4
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 23.6 A 1.3 76.4 A 1.3
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 26.6 A 1.2 73.4 A 1.2
36.6 A 1.9 63.4 A 1.9
40.9 A 2.2 59.1 A 2.2
44.4 A 2.4 55.6 A 2.4
37.4 A 2.2 62.6 A 2.2
36.6 A 1.4 63.4 A 1.4
20.5 A 0.9 79.5 A 0.9
Holds IP 41.8 A 1.6 58.2 A 1.6
Holds Formal IP 41.4 A 2.4 58.6 A 2.4
No IP 19.5 A 0.8 80.5 A 0.8
Familiar with at least one type of IP 28.6 A 0.9 71.4 A 0.9
Not familiar with any type of IP 14.9 A 1.4 85.1 A 1.4
Procurement Did business with Federal government 50.0 B 2.8 50.0 B 2.8
<30 years old 31.3 C 5.8 68.7 C 5.8
30 to 39 years old 23.8 A 1.9 76.2 A 1.9
40 to 49 years old 28.1 A 1.5 71.9 A 1.5
50 to 64 years old 24.6 A 1.0 75.4 A 1.0
65+ years old 22.2 A 2.0 77.8 A 2.0
Less than high school 16.3 A 2.1 83.7 A 2.1
High school 18.3 A 1.3 81.7 A 1.3
College/Cegep/Trade School 22.2 A 1.2 77.8 A 1.2
Bachelor's degree 32.4 A 1.6 67.6 A 1.6
Master's degree or above 33.6 A 2.1 66.4 A 2.1
In Canada 26.4 A 0.8 73.6 A 0.8
Outside Canada 21.5 A 1.5 78.5 A 1.5
0% 24.3 A 1.0 75.7 A 1.0
1% to 49% 33.5 A 2.3 66.5 A 2.3
50% 23.9 A 1.5 76.1 A 1.5
51% to 99% 25.8 B 4.2 74.2 B 4.2
100% 24.3 A 2.1 75.7 A 2.1
Potential Borrowers24.2 B 3.3 75.8 B 3.3
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
28.5 B 4.5 71.5 B 4.5
Co-operatives Co-operatives 37.0 A 1.8 63.0 A 1.8
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 42.7 A 2.2 57.3 A 2.2
Not-for-profit 43.8 A 1.4 56.2 A 1.4
Charity 43.9 A 2.0 56.1 A 2.0
For-profit 35.4 B 3.5 64.6 B 3.5
26.2 A 0.8 73.8 A 0.8
18.8 A 1.9 81.2 A 1.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism,
ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Innovation
Activities developed
or introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Employment Size
Region
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Special industry
aggregations
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Table 29: External Consultant
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
External consultant
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Survey question(s):
I.23 In the past three years, did your business hire an external consultant to assist in any aspect of the business operations?
Notes:
I.23 is applicable to all respondents.
Hired an external
consultant in the
last three years
Did not hire an
external consultant
in the last three
years
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE average
Qualit
y
CV %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 1.7 A 0.2 14.1 A 0.6 25.1 A 0.7 46.8 A 0.8 12.3 A 0.5 75.0 A 0.7 25.0 A 0.7 27 A 1.9 59.1 A 0.7 21.2 A 0.4 19.7 A 0.6
1 to 4 employees 1.5 A 0.2 14.0 A 0.8 25.0 A 1.0 46.9 A 1.2 12.6 A 0.8 72.3 A 1.0 27.7 A 1.0 26 A 2.7 58.0 A 1.0 20.8 A 0.7 21.2 A 1.0
5 to 19 employees 1.8 A 0.4 14.5 A 1.0 25.5 A 1.3 46.6 A 1.4 11.7 A 0.9 76.9 A 1.1 23.1 A 1.1 28 A 3.0 59.4 A 1.2 20.6 A 0.9 20.0 A 1.1
20 to 99 employees 3.1 A 1.1 14.2 A 1.6 23.9 A 1.6 45.9 A 2.0 13.0 A 1.4 83.0 A 1.4 17.0 A 1.4 31 A 3.8 63.0 A 1.7 25.1 A 1.6 12.0 A 1.1
100 to 499 employees 0.1 A 0.1 9.9 A 2.0 29.0 B 3.4 51.3 B 3.4 9.7 A 1.4 78.2 B 2.9 21.8 B 2.9 29 B 9.0 64.9 B 3.2 22.9 B 2.9 12.2 A 2.1
Atlantic 1.8 A 0.5 8.8 A 1.4 20.5 A 2.0 52.2 A 2.4 16.6 A 1.7 91.8 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.5 26 C 11.8 79.1 A 2.0 14.4 A 1.5 6.5 A 1.4
Quebec 2.6 A 0.5 14.6 A 1.3 24.6 A 1.7 47.1 A 2.0 11.0 A 1.3 86.0 A 1.3 14.0 A 1.3 25 B 5.4 8.4 A 1.0 81.0 A 1.4 10.7 A 1.2
Ontario 1.3 A 0.4 14.5 A 1.0 25.3 A 1.2 44.7 A 1.3 14.2 A 0.9 64.4 A 1.3 35.6 A 1.3 28 A 2.5 68.1 A 1.2 4.2 A 0.5 27.8 A 1.2
Northern Ontario 1.4 A 0.7 11.4 A 1.9 21.5 A 2.4 50.2 B 3.0 15.4 A 2.1 82.4 A 2.3 17.6 A 2.3 33 B 8.5 72.8 B 2.6 13.9 A 2.0 13.4 A 2.0
Southern Ontario 1.3 A 0.4 14.7 A 1.0 25.5 A 1.2 44.4 A 1.4 14.1 A 0.9 63.3 A 1.3 36.7 A 1.3 28 A 2.5 67.8 A 1.3 3.6 A 0.5 28.7 A 1.3
Prairies 2.1 A 0.5 15.5 A 1.3 25.5 A 1.5 48.0 A 1.8 8.9 A 0.9 81.8 A 1.3 18.2 A 1.3 25 A 4.0 82.2 A 1.3 2.1 A 0.4 15.7 A 1.2
Manitoba 0.7 A 0.4 12.7 B 2.5 23.4 B 2.9 54.3 B 3.7 8.9 A 2.0 81.3 B 3.0 18.7 B 3.0 25 C 11.1 80.5 B 2.8 2.3 A 0.9 17.2 B 2.7
Saskatchewan 3.1 A 0.9 18.2 B 2.9 27.6 B 3.0 41.6 B 3.3 9.6 A 2.2 91.3 A 1.8 8.7 A 1.8 20 D 16.6 91.4 A 1.8 1.0 A 0.7 7.5 A 1.7
Alberta 2.2 A 0.7 15.4 A 1.6 25.5 A 2.0 48.1 A 2.3 8.8 A 1.2 79.7 A 1.7 20.3 A 1.7 25 A 4.5 80.4 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.6 17.3 A 1.6
British Columbia and Territories 0.9 A 0.3 12.8 A 1.6 26.7 A 2.1 47.2 A 2.3 12.4 A 1.5 68.2 A 2.2 31.8 A 2.2 27 B 5.1 73.4 A 2.1 2.2 A 0.9 24.3 A 2.0
St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 7.7 B 4.2 8.4 B 4.1 59.1 D 8.9 24.8 D 8.3 93.4 B 3.8 6.6 B 3.8 40 B 8.5 94.0 B 3.5 2.1 A 2.1 4.0 B 2.8
Halifax 1.1 A 0.6 4.5 A 1.9 30.6 C 6.3 49.1 C 6.3 14.6 B 3.9 83.0 C 6.0 17.0 C 6.0 16 D 20.0 84.4 C 5.9 1.2 A 1.2 14.4 C 5.9
Quebec 0.9 A 0.7 13.0 B 3.4 29.2 C 5.7 45.6 C 7.0 11.3 B 3.7 97.4 A 1.2 2.6 A 1.2 19 F 47.5 3.3 A 1.8 95.8 A 1.9 0.8 A 0.6
Montreal 3.0 A 0.9 14.9 A 2.1 27.7 B 2.6 45.4 B 2.9 9.0 A 1.6 75.2 A 2.4 24.8 A 2.4 24 B 6.5 14.2 A 1.9 65.7 B 2.6 20.1 A 2.3
Ottawa-Gatineau 2.0 A 0.8 20.8 B 3.9 19.0 B 3.3 46.5 B 4.9 11.7 B 3.6 66.6 B 4.7 33.4 B 4.7 25 B 8.3 41.9 B 4.6 27.9 B 3.9 30.2 B 4.7
Toronto 1.7 A 0.7 15.4 A 1.7 30.3 A 2.0 40.1 A 2.1 12.4 A 1.3 50.4 A 2.1 49.6 A 2.1 26 A 3.5 60.0 A 2.1 1.6 A 0.6 38.3 A 2.1
Kingston 0.7 A 0.6 14.6 B 3.8 21.0 B 4.0 53.6 C 5.1 10.1 B 3.0 77.4 B 4.6 22.6 B 4.6 35 C 11.0 78.8 B 4.3 6.9 B 3.0 14.3 B 3.5
Hamilton 0.9 A 0.9 7.9 B 2.8 25.9 C 5.2 42.8 C 6.1 22.5 C 5.2 71.5 C 5.3 28.5 C 5.3 33 B 7.2 76.2 B 4.9 0.5 A 0.4 23.3 B 4.9
St. Catharines-Niagara 1.4 A 0.9 12.3 B 3.6 34.4 C 6.1 32.4 C 5.8 19.5 B 4.2 72.9 B 4.9 27.1 B 4.9 31 B 9.3 81.1 B 3.8 1.1 A 0.7 17.7 B 3.7
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 0.8 A 0.5 7.0 B 2.7 24.4 B 4.7 55.1 C 5.5 12.7 B 2.9 68.8 C 5.2 31.2 C 5.2 28 C 11.6 74.3 B 4.9 0.5 A 0.4 25.1 B 4.9
London 0.0 A 0.0 14.7 B 4.3 26.9 B 4.8 40.4 C 5.7 17.9 B 4.2 80.6 B 4.7 19.4 B 4.7 32 C 14.4 84.7 B 4.2 1.4 A 0.8 13.9 B 4.2
Windsor 0.0 A 0.0 11.1 B 3.2 18.8 B 4.3 60.9 C 5.3 9.2 B 3.0 68.4 C 5.2 31.6 C 5.2 34 C 10.4 69.6 B 4.9 1.5 A 1.5 28.9 B 5.0
Thunder Bay 1.1 A 1.1 12.0 B 4.3 24.1 B 4.6 44.0 C 5.7 18.9 B 4.3 82.9 B 4.1 17.1 B 4.1 42 C 10.8 79.2 B 4.5 0.5 A 0.3 20.3 B 4.5
Winnipeg 0.1 A 0.1 13.6 B 3.4 20.8 B 3.4 57.7 B 4.7 7.9 A 2.4 77.7 B 4.0 22.3 B 4.0 25 C 13.3 79.1 B 3.5 2.2 A 1.1 18.7 B 3.5
Calgary 2.2 A 1.0 12.1 A 2.4 25.9 B 3.8 49.5 B 4.1 10.3 A 2.4 70.6 B 3.5 29.4 B 3.5 26 B 6.6 72.3 B 3.5 1.8 A 0.8 26.0 B 3.4
Edmonton 3.0 A 2.1 12.7 B 2.6 30.1 B 3.9 43.7 B 4.4 10.6 A 2.5 76.5 B 3.8 23.5 B 3.8 25 B 7.9 80.3 B 3.6 3.3 A 1.5 16.4 B 3.4
Vancouver 0.6 A 0.3 9.7 A 2.0 27.3 B 3.1 52.7 B 3.5 9.7 A 1.8 57.8 B 3.3 42.2 B 3.3 25 B 5.3 61.7 B 3.4 2.2 A 1.4 36.1 B 3.3
Victoria 1.8 A 1.8 15.7 C 6.9 35.5 D 8.6 35.6 D 7.8 11.4 B 4.5 78.2 C 6.9 21.8 C 6.9 22 D 20.3 78.0 D 7.7 5.5 C 5.1 16.5 C 6.4
3.1 A 0.9 13.2 A 1.8 20.6 A 2.1 49.4 B 2.5 13.7 A 1.7 92.7 A 1.2 7.3 A 1.2 34 B 5.6 66.3 A 1.5 27.2 A 1.1 6.5 A 1.1
1.9 A 0.6 17.0 A 1.8 24.5 A 2.1 46.6 A 2.4 10.0 A 1.4 85.9 A 1.6 14.1 A 1.6 31 B 7.6 62.0 A 1.7 25.2 A 1.2 12.8 A 1.6
1.8 A 0.9 9.1 A 1.3 22.1 A 1.8 52.3 A 2.3 14.7 A 1.6 76.4 A 1.9 23.6 A 1.9 32 A 4.2 53.9 A 1.8 26.1 A 1.4 20.0 A 1.8
0.6 A 0.2 6.7 A 1.0 19.4 A 1.8 55.6 A 2.3 17.7 A 1.8 75.4 A 2.0 24.6 A 2.0 30 B 5.1 60.7 A 2.0 19.9 A 1.4 19.4 A 1.8
0.9 A 0.3 17.2 A 1.8 25.5 A 2.1 45.7 A 2.4 10.7 A 1.3 71.2 A 2.2 28.8 A 2.2 25 B 5.3 52.3 A 2.0 22.8 A 1.6 24.9 A 2.2
2.8 A 0.9 15.0 A 2.1 27.1 A 2.5 45.8 B 2.6 9.3 A 1.5 65.6 B 2.5 34.4 B 2.5 21 A 5.0 48.2 A 2.3 23.4 A 1.2 28.4 A 2.4
0.5 A 0.2 10.8 A 1.4 29.8 A 2.1 45.8 A 2.3 13.1 A 1.5 70.0 A 2.1 30.0 A 2.1 26 B 5.5 63.3 A 1.9 17.6 A 1.2 19.1 A 1.9
3.0 A 0.8 17.9 A 2.0 25.1 A 2.0 44.0 A 2.5 10.0 A 1.4 60.2 A 2.3 39.8 A 2.3 23 A 3.8 51.4 A 2.3 14.0 A 1.4 34.6 A 2.2
2.3 A 0.5 13.3 A 1.5 23.0 A 2.1 51.5 A 2.4 9.9 A 1.4 76.0 A 2.1 24.0 A 2.1 32 A 5.0 54.6 A 2.2 24.2 A 1.1 21.2 A 2.1
1.8 A 0.7 14.3 A 1.6 26.0 A 2.0 43.4 A 2.3 14.5 A 1.6 74.4 A 2.0 25.6 A 2.0 29 A 4.5 64.4 A 1.9 18.0 A 1.3 17.6 A 1.7
Tourism 4.0 A 1.3 16.0 A 1.8 25.6 A 2.1 44.7 A 2.4 9.7 A 1.3 64.0 A 2.2 36.0 A 2.2 24 A 4.1 56.9 A 2.2 13.8 A 1.4 29.4 A 2.0
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
0.3 A 0.2 16.8 A 2.3 32.4 B 3.0 40.6 B 3.3 9.8 A 2.3 55.7 B 3.3 44.3 B 3.3 22 B 6.8 50.9 B 3.2 17.2 A 1.2 31.9 B 3.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 0.2 A 0.2 13.0 B 3.6 31.2 B 4.9 41.4 C 5.3 14.2 B 3.1 78.6 B 4.3 21.4 B 4.3 25 C 13.0 69.5 C 5.2 14.1 B 4.5 16.4 B 3.9
Rural 2.4 A 0.5 14.8 A 1.3 23.0 A 1.5 46.9 A 1.8 12.9 A 1.2 90.8 A 0.9 9.2 A 0.9 33 B 5.0 64.9 A 1.6 27.5 A 1.5 7.6 A 0.9
Urban 1.6 A 0.2 13.9 A 0.7 25.6 A 0.8 46.8 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.6 71.2 A 0.8 28.8 A 0.8 27 A 2.0 57.7 A 0.8 19.7 A 0.6 22.6 A 0.8
Exporter 0.5 A 0.2 13.1 A 1.6 27.1 A 2.1 45.8 A 2.2 13.4 A 1.5 69.5 A 2.1 30.5 A 2.1 25 B 5.2 61.3 A 2.2 17.0 A 1.9 21.7 A 1.9
Non-exporter 1.9 A 0.2 14.2 A 0.6 24.8 A 0.8 46.9 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.6 75.8 A 0.8 24.2 A 0.8 27 A 2.0 58.8 A 0.7 21.8 A 0.5 19.4 A 0.7
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 2.5 A 1.2 15.8 A 2.3 28.4 B 2.8 41.7 B 3.0 11.7 A 2.0 81.1 A 2.4 18.9 A 2.4 32 B 7.6 66.4 B 2.9 21.2 A 2.5 12.4 A 2.2
0.7 A 0.2 16.0 A 1.9 26.5 A 2.3 42.9 B 2.6 13.8 A 2.0 76.7 A 2.2 23.3 A 2.2 24 A 5.0 60.5 B 2.5 21.2 A 2.2 18.3 A 1.9
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 1.2 A 0.3 11.6 A 0.8 24.5 A 1.1 49.7 A 1.3 13.1 A 0.9 75.9 A 1.1 24.1 A 1.1 29 A 3.0 59.7 A 1.2 21.2 A 0.9 19.1 A 1.0
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 0.8 A 0.3 12.1 A 1.4 21.3 A 1.7 50.7 A 2.1 15.2 A 1.3 76.4 A 1.7 23.6 A 1.7 29 A 4.0 57.1 A 2.0 23.5 A 1.8 19.4 A 1.6
1.3 A 0.7 10.8 A 1.6 23.9 A 2.3 51.3 A 2.5 12.6 A 1.4 73.9 A 2.2 26.1 A 2.2 29 A 4.2 60.2 A 2.4 19.7 A 2.0 20.2 A 2.0
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 6.5 A 0.9 27.8 A 2.2 30.6 A 2.3 32.1 A 2.5 3.0 A 0.6 65.0 A 2.4 35.0 A 2.4 17 A 5.0 52.0 A 2.5 19.8 A 2.0 28.2 A 2.3
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 2.6 A 0.5 22.0 A 1.3 32.4 A 1.5 37.1 A 1.5 5.9 A 0.8 69.4 A 1.4 30.6 A 1.4 22 A 3.2 55.5 A 1.5 20.9 A 1.2 23.7 A 1.3
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 0.6 A 0.3 9.4 A 1.0 28.8 A 1.4 50.2 A 1.6 11.0 A 1.0 75.5 A 1.4 24.5 A 1.4 30 A 3.5 60.9 A 1.5 19.7 A 1.2 19.4 A 1.3
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 0.4 A 0.1 5.4 A 0.6 12.6 A 0.9 58.6 A 1.4 23.0 A 1.2 83.6 A 1.0 16.4 A 1.0 39 A 2.3 63.7 A 1.3 23.3 A 1.1 13.0 A 0.9
2.7 A 0.8 17.0 A 1.5 27.0 A 1.7 43.2 A 1.9 10.1 A 1.2 71.9 A 1.8 28.1 A 1.8 27 A 4.4 57.6 A 1.9 21.4 A 1.6 21.0 A 1.7
2.5 A 0.7 15.5 A 1.7 29.7 A 2.1 41.7 A 2.2 10.5 A 1.2 73.8 A 2.0 26.2 A 2.0 27 A 4.7 60.4 A 2.2 19.7 A 1.8 20.0 A 1.8
1.6 A 0.4 16.9 A 1.8 29.0 A 2.2 42.9 A 2.3 9.4 A 1.5 77.7 A 2.0 22.3 A 2.0 27 B 6.4 60.2 A 2.3 23.1 A 1.9 16.7 A 1.8
1.7 A 0.4 15.3 A 1.6 28.1 A 2.1 43.3 A 2.3 11.6 A 1.5 72.3 A 2.0 27.7 A 2.0 28 A 4.6 59.0 A 2.2 20.6 A 1.8 20.4 A 1.8
2.3 A 0.5 16.1 A 1.1 27.0 A 1.3 43.6 A 1.5 11.0 A 1.0 74.8 A 1.3 25.2 A 1.3 27 A 3.5 58.6 A 1.4 21.6 A 1.2 19.7 A 1.2
1.3 A 0.2 12.9 A 0.7 24.4 A 0.9 48.2 A 1.1 13.1 A 0.7 75.9 A 0.9 24.1 A 0.9 28 A 2.4 59.6 A 0.9 21.4 A 0.7 19.1 A 0.8
Holds IP 1.1 A 0.2 12.2 A 1.0 29.1 A 1.5 44.2 A 1.6 13.4 A 1.1 72.7 A 1.5 27.3 A 1.5 27 A 4.0 62.5 A 1.5 17.8 A 1.2 19.6 A 1.4
Holds Formal IP 0.6 A 0.2 10.5 A 1.4 27.0 A 2.2 49.4 A 2.4 12.5 A 1.3 73.2 A 2.3 26.8 A 2.3 26 B 6.4 61.7 A 2.3 18.4 A 1.7 19.9 A 2.1
No IP 1.8 A 0.3 14.5 A 0.7 23.8 A 0.9 47.7 A 1.0 12.1 A 0.6 76.6 A 0.8 23.4 A 0.8 28 A 2.2 58.1 A 0.9 22.8 A 0.6 19.2 A 0.8
Familiar with at least one type of IP 1.7 A 0.2 14.1 A 0.7 26.4 A 0.9 46.3 A 1.0 11.5 A 0.6 77.2 A 0.8 22.8 A 0.8 28 A 2.4 60.3 A 0.8 22.3 A 0.6 17.4 A 0.7
Not familiar with any type of IP 1.3 A 0.3 13.2 A 1.2 21.2 A 1.5 48.5 A 1.8 15.8 A 1.4 69.9 A 1.7 30.1 A 1.7 27 A 3.3 55.8 A 1.8 18.4 A 1.4 25.8 A 1.6
Procurement Did business with Federal government 0.0 A 0.0 8.0 A 1.6 18.4 A 2.1 56.6 B 2.8 17.0 A 2.1 79.4 A 2.4 20.6 A 2.4 35 B 5.3 67.1 B 2.5 21.0 A 2.0 11.9 A 1.9
<30 years old 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 90.3 B 2.8 9.7 B 2.8 12 B 9.7 51.8 C 6.1 33.9 C 5.8 14.3 B 3.6
30 to 39 years old 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 75.0 A 1.9 25.0 A 1.9 15 A 4.1 58.1 A 2.1 21.7 A 1.8 20.2 A 1.7
40 to 49 years old 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 71.1 A 1.5 28.9 A 1.5 22 A 3.2 56.1 A 1.6 21.1 A 1.3 22.8 A 1.4
50 to 64 years old 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 77.4 A 1.0 22.6 A 1.0 29 A 2.5 60.4 A 1.1 21.0 A 0.9 18.6 A 1.0
65+ years old 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 72.0 A 2.2 28.0 A 2.2 44 A 3.6 62.5 A 2.3 20.1 A 2.1 17.4 A 1.7
Less than high school 1.5 A 0.6 8.4 A 1.6 14.3 A 2.1 55.4 B 3.1 20.3 A 2.4 83.1 A 2.5 16.9 A 2.5 33 B 7.9 48.0 B 3.1 33.0 B 3.1 19.0 B 2.5
High school 1.7 A 0.3 12.8 A 1.2 20.4 A 1.4 52.4 A 1.7 12.7 A 1.1 82.1 A 1.3 17.9 A 1.3 30 A 3.6 61.6 A 1.6 21.1 A 1.3 17.3 A 1.2
College/Cegep/Trade School 2.3 A 0.4 16.2 A 1.1 26.2 A 1.3 46.4 A 1.5 8.9 A 0.8 81.1 A 1.2 18.9 A 1.2 30 A 3.5 60.6 A 1.4 24.6 A 1.2 14.8 A 1.1
Bachelor's degree 1.5 A 0.4 15.8 A 1.2 28.0 A 1.5 43.1 A 1.6 11.6 A 1.1 66.5 A 1.6 33.5 A 1.6 25 A 3.7 57.1 A 1.6 18.2 A 1.3 24.7 A 1.4
Master's degree or above 1.3 A 0.7 11.5 A 1.4 30.1 A 2.1 41.3 A 2.2 15.7 A 1.7 63.1 A 2.2 36.9 A 2.2 23 A 4.1 60.6 A 2.2 14.8 A 1.5 24.6 A 2.0
In Canada 2.1 A 0.3 14.1 A 0.7 23.8 A 0.8 48.2 A 1.0 11.8 A 0.6 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. 69.6 A 0.6 26.6 A 0.6 3.8 A 0.4
Outside Canada 0.7 A 0.2 14.1 A 1.2 29.1 A 1.6 42.4 A 1.7 13.8 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 27 A 1.9 27.6 A 1.5 5.0 A 0.8 67.4 A 1.6
0% 1.8 A 0.3 13.5 A 0.8 25.1 A 1.0 46.8 A 1.2 12.8 A 0.8 75.5 A 1.0 24.5 A 1.0 27 A 2.7 55.8 A 1.0 25.3 A 0.8 19.0 A 0.9
1% to 49% 2.1 A 0.7 11.9 A 1.7 25.2 A 2.2 45.2 A 2.4 15.6 A 1.9 82.2 A 2.0 17.8 A 2.0 25 B 7.3 66.1 A 2.3 20.8 A 2.0 13.2 A 1.5
50% 1.5 A 0.6 13.5 A 1.2 26.3 A 1.6 47.4 A 1.7 11.4 A 1.0 73.0 A 1.5 27.0 A 1.5 28 A 3.5 66.7 A 1.6 10.5 A 1.1 22.8 A 1.5
51% to 99% 0.6 A 0.5 15.6 B 3.3 20.2 B 4.1 55.5 C 5.1 8.1 A 2.3 66.6 C 5.3 33.4 C 5.3 23 C 11.6 49.6 C 5.2 22.5 B 4.2 27.9 C 5.2
100% 1.9 A 0.5 18.9 A 1.9 24.0 A 1.9 45.4 A 2.4 9.8 A 1.3 72.2 A 2.2 27.8 A 2.2 27 A 4.7 57.1 A 2.3 21.9 A 1.9 21.0 A 2.0
Potential Borrowers1.4 A 0.7 10.9 A 2.1 30.2 B 3.7 47.9 B 3.7 9.6 A 2.1 69.9 B 3.5 30.1 B 3.5 26 B 6.1 49.5 B 3.7 26.8 B 3.4 23.7 B 3.3
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
1.9 A 1.2 18.5 B 4.0 36.7 B 5.0 38.4 B 4.9 4.5 A 1.5 63.6 C 5.1 36.4 C 5.1 23 B 8.1 54.5 C 5.1 13.6 B 3.4 32.0 C 5.2
Co-operatives Co-operatives 0.6 A 0.2 14.9 A 1.2 21.5 A 1.5 55.8 A 1.8 7.1 A 1.0 94.3 A 0.9 5.7 A 0.9 27 B 9.1 47.0 A 1.8 47.0 A 1.8 6.0 A 1.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 0.3 A 0.2 8.8 A 1.4 21.2 A 1.8 54.8 A 2.2 15.0 A 1.5 81.9 A 1.8 18.1 A 1.8 27 B 7.2 70.5 A 2.1 17.6 A 1.7 11.8 A 1.5
Not-for-profit 2.6 A 0.5 12.4 A 1.0 24.7 A 1.3 42.7 A 1.4 17.6 A 1.0 91.3 A 0.8 8.7 A 0.8 29 A 4.8 36.7 A 1.3 59.5 A 1.3 3.9 A 0.6
Charity 0.4 A 0.1 8.3 A 1.5 19.4 A 1.1 49.6 A 2.0 22.2 A 1.5 94.7 A 1.1 5.3 A 1.1 33 B 8.6 65.5 A 1.8 31.8 A 1.8 2.6 A 0.5
For-profit 1.5 A 0.6 10.9 A 2.1 27.5 B 3.3 51.0 B 3.7 9.1 A 1.8 73.2 B 3.3 26.8 B 3.3 28 B 6.9 60.0 B 3.7 18.6 B 3.0 21.4 B 3.0
1.6 A 0.2 14.5 A 0.6 26.1 A 0.8 46.3 A 0.9 11.5 A 0.6 74.0 A 0.8 26.0 A 0.8 27 A 2.0 59.1 A 0.8 20.7 A 0.5 20.3 A 0.7
2.5 A 0.6 11.6 A 1.3 18.7 A 1.6 50.1 A 2.3 17.1 A 1.7 81.5 A 1.9 18.5 A 1.9 28 B 6.2 59.5 A 2.2 24.7 A 2.0 15.8 A 1.7
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Other
Place of birth of primary decision maker
40 to 49 years old
Age of primary decision maker
Canada
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Region
Construction (NAICS 23)
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Outside of Canada English
Employment Size
French Less than 30 years
old30 to 39 years old
Notes:
J.1 is applicable to all respondents.
J.4 is applicable to all respondents.
J.5 is applicable only to those born outside of Canada.
J.6 is applicable to all respondents.
Survey question(s):
J.1 What is the age of the primary decision maker for your business?
J.4. Was the primary decision maker born...?
J.5. How many years has the primary decision maker resided in Canada?
J.6. What is the language that the primary decision maker first learned at home and still understands today?
Table 30: Primary Decision Maker Age, Place of Birth and Language
50 to 64 years old 65+ years old
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Number of years
resided in Canada (if
not born in Canada)
Mother tongue of primary decision maker
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 53.3 A 0.8 10.2 A 0.5 20.9 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.3 13.1 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.2 12.2 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.1 41.6 A 0.8
1 to 4 employees 54.9 A 1.1 7.6 A 0.6 20.3 A 0.9 2.2 A 0.3 15.0 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.3 13.1 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.2 40.0 A 1.1
5 to 19 employees 50.8 A 1.3 11.5 A 0.9 23.3 A 1.1 2.7 A 0.5 11.7 A 0.9 1.7 A 0.4 12.2 A 0.9 0.3 A 0.1 43.1 A 1.4
20 to 99 employees 52.0 A 2.0 17.5 A 1.6 18.5 A 1.7 3.2 A 0.7 8.7 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.4 8.8 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.1 45.5 A 1.9
100 to 499 employees 58.9 B 3.2 20.7 A 2.5 12.3 A 1.9 3.7 A 1.2 4.5 A 1.7 1.2 A 1.0 5.6 A 1.2 0.1 A 0.1 41.1 B 3.4
Atlantic 51.3 A 2.4 10.8 A 1.5 20.8 A 2.0 1.7 A 0.5 15.4 A 2.0 1.1 A 0.4 4.5 A 1.2 0.3 A 0.2 33.3 A 2.3
Quebec 64.9 A 1.7 9.7 A 1.1 9.3 A 1.0 2.6 A 0.5 13.6 A 1.3 0.7 A 0.4 4.5 A 0.8 0.2 A 0.1 27.9 A 1.6
Ontario 54.0 A 1.3 8.6 A 0.6 22.2 A 1.1 2.2 A 0.4 13.0 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.3 15.4 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.3 37.0 A 1.2
Northern Ontario 53.1 B 3.0 8.9 A 1.5 21.0 A 2.5 4.6 A 1.4 12.4 A 2.1 3.6 A 1.0 2.6 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.4 39.6 B 2.9
Southern Ontario 54.0 A 1.3 8.6 A 0.7 22.3 A 1.2 2.1 A 0.4 13.0 A 1.0 1.0 A 0.3 16.2 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.3 36.8 A 1.3
Prairies 43.0 A 1.7 12.7 A 1.1 31.1 A 1.6 2.0 A 0.5 11.3 A 1.0 2.9 A 0.5 10.6 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.1 56.6 A 1.7
Manitoba 48.7 B 3.5 8.3 A 1.8 30.4 B 3.2 1.5 A 0.7 11.0 A 2.4 7.1 A 2.2 9.5 A 2.2 0.0 A 0.0 45.7 B 3.5
Saskatchewan 37.7 B 3.4 14.5 A 2.4 36.0 B 3.5 2.3 A 0.9 9.5 A 1.8 2.4 A 0.9 5.6 A 1.7 0.5 A 0.5 59.3 B 3.3
Alberta 43.0 A 2.2 13.2 A 1.5 30.1 A 2.1 2.0 A 0.6 11.7 A 1.4 2.1 A 0.6 12.0 A 1.3 0.3 A 0.1 58.4 A 2.2
British Columbia and Territories 49.6 A 2.3 10.9 A 1.4 21.8 A 1.7 3.9 A 1.0 13.7 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.5 20.8 A 1.9 0.5 A 0.3 55.3 A 2.3
St. John's 38.0 D 8.4 11.5 C 5.2 24.7 D 8.4 1.9 A 1.8 24.0 D 8.3 2.6 B 2.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 37.1 D 8.9
Halifax 51.7 C 6.7 7.2 A 2.5 24.6 C 6.1 0.0 A 0.0 16.5 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.6 B 2.6 0.3 A 0.3 35.4 C 6.4
Quebec 69.9 C 6.7 7.7 B 2.6 3.8 A 1.7 1.8 A 1.0 16.8 C 6.5 1.1 A 1.1 1.0 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0 14.7 B 3.4
Montreal 63.9 B 2.6 8.6 A 1.7 9.8 A 1.7 2.5 A 0.8 15.1 A 2.0 0.7 A 0.7 8.8 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.2 26.8 A 2.4
Ottawa-Gatineau 50.9 B 4.7 8.6 A 2.2 17.3 B 3.4 2.5 A 1.5 20.6 B 4.5 2.1 A 1.6 20.9 B 4.5 0.9 A 0.6 29.7 B 3.8
Toronto 57.0 A 2.2 7.5 A 1.0 21.9 A 1.9 2.1 A 0.6 11.5 A 1.4 0.8 A 0.4 22.8 A 1.8 1.1 A 0.6 34.4 A 2.1
Kingston 55.5 C 5.0 4.4 A 1.8 17.1 B 3.3 1.6 A 1.3 21.4 B 4.6 1.0 A 0.7 10.6 B 3.1 0.0 A 0.0 36.6 B 4.9
Hamilton 52.9 C 6.1 9.8 B 2.9 16.5 B 4.1 4.5 A 2.4 16.4 C 5.4 0.6 A 0.6 7.0 B 2.7 0.5 A 0.3 38.9 C 5.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 59.6 C 6.0 7.9 A 2.5 18.2 B 4.3 2.0 A 1.4 12.3 B 4.8 3.6 B 2.8 9.3 B 4.4 0.0 A 0.0 34.2 C 5.2
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 55.0 C 5.2 11.8 B 3.3 20.2 B 3.6 3.0 B 2.6 10.1 B 2.9 1.1 A 0.9 18.1 B 4.5 0.4 A 0.4 38.6 B 5.0
London 44.4 C 5.5 8.5 A 2.5 27.7 C 5.2 2.4 A 1.7 17.0 B 4.6 0.4 A 0.3 7.1 B 2.7 0.0 A 0.0 38.2 C 5.2
Windsor 48.9 C 5.8 11.9 B 4.1 22.4 B 4.9 1.3 A 1.2 15.6 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 9.4 B 3.4 1.4 A 1.4 39.6 C 5.7
Thunder Bay 59.7 C 5.4 7.6 A 2.2 10.3 B 3.1 3.2 A 1.6 19.2 B 4.6 1.2 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.8 0.1 A 0.0 31.0 B 4.8
Winnipeg 54.4 B 4.6 7.7 A 1.8 24.2 B 4.0 1.3 A 0.8 12.4 B 3.2 7.4 B 2.8 13.2 B 3.1 0.0 A 0.0 41.9 B 4.5
Calgary 42.4 B 4.0 15.5 B 3.4 25.7 B 3.4 1.8 A 0.9 14.6 B 3.0 1.7 A 0.9 20.5 B 3.3 0.2 A 0.2 56.4 B 4.1
Edmonton 40.7 B 4.4 10.8 A 2.4 29.1 B 4.1 4.4 A 1.8 15.0 B 3.0 1.3 A 0.8 13.9 B 2.8 0.3 A 0.3 58.1 B 4.3
Vancouver 51.9 B 3.4 10.3 A 2.1 18.4 A 2.5 4.8 A 1.5 14.6 A 2.4 0.8 A 0.6 30.4 B 3.2 1.1 A 0.6 59.5 B 3.3
Victoria 54.2 D 8.5 7.3 B 3.4 27.3 D 7.9 6.0 B 3.1 5.3 B 2.8 2.1 A 2.1 16.1 C 6.3 0.0 A 0.0 56.4 D 8.3
47.2 A 2.5 16.4 A 1.7 31.0 A 2.3 1.9 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.9 0.2 A 0.1 65.4 A 2.3
68.3 A 2.1 7.0 A 1.0 20.7 A 1.9 1.0 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.9 0.5 A 0.3 37.1 A 2.2
56.5 A 2.2 12.5 A 1.5 18.8 A 1.7 3.6 A 0.9 8.6 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.5 8.1 A 1.3 0.1 A 0.1 44.1 A 2.2
57.3 A 2.3 14.6 A 1.6 19.0 A 1.8 1.6 A 0.5 7.4 A 1.4 0.5 A 0.3 11.8 A 1.5 0.1 A 0.1 40.1 A 2.2
43.6 A 2.3 9.5 A 1.3 22.6 A 1.8 3.0 A 0.7 21.3 A 2.0 2.1 A 0.7 14.3 A 1.7 0.1 A 0.1 44.1 A 2.3
66.1 B 2.6 9.9 A 1.6 16.9 A 2.0 0.5 A 0.2 6.6 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.5 17.8 A 2.1 0.4 A 0.3 42.9 B 2.6
54.9 A 2.2 12.1 A 1.6 18.1 A 1.7 1.6 A 0.6 13.3 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.4 15.4 A 1.8 0.9 A 0.4 37.6 A 2.1
42.6 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.1 29.8 A 2.2 2.4 A 0.6 17.5 A 1.9 0.8 A 0.3 24.1 A 2.1 0.3 A 0.1 44.0 A 2.3
45.4 A 2.3 7.0 A 1.2 22.5 A 2.1 5.7 A 1.4 19.4 A 2.0 0.8 A 0.5 11.9 A 1.8 0.9 A 0.4 46.8 A 2.3
49.1 A 2.2 10.1 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.6 3.8 A 0.9 20.0 A 1.8 1.3 A 0.4 13.5 A 1.6 0.7 A 0.4 35.8 A 2.0
Tourism 41.2 A 2.3 9.1 A 1.3 29.3 A 2.2 2.6 A 0.6 17.8 A 1.9 0.9 A 0.3 20.9 A 1.8 0.3 A 0.1 43.9 A 2.3
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
54.3 B 3.2 10.3 A 1.9 24.4 B 3.1 2.0 A 0.8 8.9 A 2.3 0.4 A 0.4 20.7 B 2.9 1.4 A 1.1 42.6 B 3.3
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 60.1 C 5.0 13.2 B 3.7 17.4 B 3.6 1.7 A 1.1 7.6 A 2.4 1.4 A 0.8 11.1 B 3.3 0.2 A 0.1 39.3 B 5.0
Rural 49.9 A 1.7 12.2 A 1.1 26.1 A 1.5 1.7 A 0.3 10.1 A 1.1 2.2 A 0.5 2.4 A 0.5 0.4 A 0.2 48.5 A 1.7
Urban 54.2 A 0.9 9.7 A 0.5 19.7 A 0.7 2.7 A 0.3 13.8 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.2 14.5 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.1 40.0 A 0.9
Exporter 53.6 A 2.2 12.7 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.7 3.4 A 0.8 11.4 A 1.7 0.9 A 0.3 11.0 A 1.3 0.3 A 0.1 42.4 A 2.2
Non-exporter 53.3 A 0.9 9.8 A 0.5 21.2 A 0.7 2.4 A 0.3 13.3 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.2 12.4 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.1 41.5 A 0.8
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 57.4 B 3.0 10.6 A 1.6 17.2 A 2.2 3.4 A 1.2 11.5 A 2.1 0.7 A 0.4 10.0 A 2.0 0.3 A 0.2 40.2 B 3.0
55.4 B 2.5 9.2 A 1.3 21.9 A 2.1 1.9 A 0.5 11.6 A 1.8 1.3 A 0.6 11.6 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 39.4 B 2.5
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 51.0 A 1.2 10.8 A 0.8 22.3 A 1.0 2.6 A 0.4 13.2 A 0.8 1.5 A 0.3 10.7 A 0.8 0.5 A 0.2 43.1 A 1.2
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 57.2 A 2.0 9.8 A 1.1 17.7 A 1.5 2.0 A 0.5 13.3 A 1.5 1.7 A 0.5 11.1 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.2 43.0 A 2.0
51.0 A 2.5 10.1 A 1.4 23.6 A 2.1 2.4 A 0.7 12.9 A 1.7 1.6 A 0.5 15.4 A 1.9 0.3 A 0.2 39.6 A 2.3
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 53.0 A 2.5 7.9 A 1.4 20.9 A 2.1 3.2 A 1.0 14.9 A 1.6 1.2 A 0.6 18.1 A 2.0 1.0 A 0.8 37.4 A 2.4
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 52.6 A 1.5 9.5 A 0.9 20.9 A 1.2 3.1 A 0.5 13.9 A 1.1 1.3 A 0.4 16.3 A 1.1 0.5 A 0.2 38.2 A 1.5
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 53.9 A 1.6 9.4 A 0.9 20.1 A 1.2 2.1 A 0.5 14.6 A 1.2 2.1 A 0.4 12.8 A 1.1 0.6 A 0.2 43.0 A 1.6
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 53.8 A 1.3 12.2 A 0.8 21.7 A 1.1 2.0 A 0.3 10.3 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.2 5.5 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 45.4 A 1.3
50.3 A 1.9 12.3 A 1.2 22.2 A 1.6 3.6 A 0.8 11.7 A 1.2 1.0 A 0.3 14.2 A 1.4 0.4 A 0.2 47.5 A 1.9
51.1 A 2.2 13.5 A 1.5 23.3 A 1.9 3.3 A 0.7 9.0 A 1.3 1.1 A 0.5 12.7 A 1.6 0.9 A 0.6 49.9 A 2.2
56.6 A 2.3 10.4 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.7 3.7 A 0.9 12.2 A 1.5 2.0 A 0.7 11.1 A 1.5 0.3 A 0.1 44.0 A 2.3
48.1 A 2.2 11.4 A 1.4 22.6 A 1.9 2.7 A 0.8 15.2 A 1.6 1.7 A 0.6 15.7 A 1.7 0.3 A 0.2 44.3 A 2.3
52.0 A 1.5 12.0 A 0.9 21.2 A 1.2 3.2 A 0.6 11.7 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.3 13.2 A 1.1 0.6 A 0.3 45.5 A 1.5
54.7 A 1.0 9.0 A 0.6 20.8 A 0.8 2.2 A 0.3 13.4 A 0.7 1.5 A 0.2 11.1 A 0.7 0.4 A 0.1 39.8 A 1.0
Holds IP 52.5 A 1.6 11.5 A 1.0 21.6 A 1.3 2.8 A 0.6 11.5 A 1.1 1.8 A 0.3 12.7 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.3 42.5 A 1.6
Holds Formal IP 53.1 A 2.4 12.6 A 1.3 19.9 A 2.0 3.5 A 0.8 10.9 A 1.7 0.9 A 0.3 11.5 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.1 43.1 A 2.4
No IP 54.3 A 1.0 9.4 A 0.5 20.6 A 0.8 2.3 A 0.3 13.3 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.2 11.4 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.1 41.2 A 0.9
Familiar with at least one type of IP 53.6 A 0.9 10.8 A 0.6 20.8 A 0.8 2.6 A 0.3 12.2 A 0.6 1.6 A 0.2 10.9 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.1 40.7 A 0.9
Not familiar with any type of IP 54.7 A 1.8 7.1 A 0.9 21.2 A 1.4 1.9 A 0.4 15.1 A 1.3 0.9 A 0.3 14.6 A 1.2 0.5 A 0.2 44.4 A 1.8
Procurement Did business with Federal government 59.5 B 2.7 17.7 A 2.0 15.7 A 2.1 1.7 A 0.6 5.4 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.2 6.0 A 1.1 0.3 A 0.2 37.2 B 2.7
<30 years old 54.6 C 6.2 12.0 B 3.9 17.9 C 5.8 0.9 A 0.7 14.6 B 3.4 0.0 A 0.0 13.6 B 3.3 0.0 A 0.0 33.6 C 5.2
30 to 39 years old 51.1 A 2.2 8.6 A 1.2 20.0 A 1.8 2.8 A 0.6 17.5 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.5 14.8 A 1.6 0.3 A 0.1 35.2 A 2.1
40 to 49 years old 53.4 A 1.7 10.2 A 1.0 21.9 A 1.4 2.0 A 0.5 12.5 A 1.1 1.4 A 0.3 16.1 A 1.3 0.8 A 0.4 43.2 A 1.6
50 to 64 years old 53.3 A 1.2 9.8 A 0.6 21.2 A 0.9 3.0 A 0.4 12.7 A 0.8 1.5 A 0.3 10.7 A 0.8 0.3 A 0.1 42.5 A 1.2
65+ years old 55.6 A 2.2 12.9 A 1.6 19.4 A 1.6 1.6 A 0.5 10.4 A 1.4 1.5 A 0.5 6.8 A 1.4 0.7 A 0.3 43.5 A 2.2
Less than high school 64.6 B 2.8 8.4 A 1.5 21.0 A 2.3 0.7 A 0.3 5.3 A 1.3 0.2 A 0.1 7.4 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.6 43.1 B 3.1
High school 55.8 A 1.6 9.0 A 0.8 22.4 A 1.3 1.9 A 0.5 10.8 A 1.0 2.2 A 0.5 8.6 A 1.0 0.5 A 0.2 44.0 A 1.7
College/Cegep/Trade School 51.4 A 1.5 10.2 A 0.9 21.3 A 1.2 3.1 A 0.5 14.1 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.3 8.6 A 0.9 0.2 A 0.1 41.5 A 1.4
Bachelor's degree 51.6 A 1.6 10.5 A 1.0 20.5 A 1.3 2.8 A 0.5 14.5 A 1.2 1.8 A 0.4 17.1 A 1.3 0.9 A 0.4 40.0 A 1.6
Master's degree or above 51.3 A 2.2 12.1 A 1.6 18.6 A 1.7 2.4 A 0.7 15.6 A 1.6 0.4 A 0.3 18.5 A 1.8 0.1 A 0.1 40.1 A 2.2
In Canada 53.7 A 0.9 11.1 A 0.6 20.4 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.3 12.6 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.2 3.2 A 0.3 0.4 A 0.1 41.4 A 0.9
Outside Canada 52.3 A 1.7 7.2 A 0.9 22.6 A 1.4 3.4 A 0.7 14.5 A 1.3 0.3 A 0.1 39.1 A 1.7 0.8 A 0.4 42.3 A 1.7
0% 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.4 A 0.3 11.6 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.2 24.5 A 1.0
1% to 49% 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.8 A 0.5 8.5 A 1.7 0.5 A 0.3 68.8 A 2.3
50% 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.3 10.9 A 1.1 0.1 A 0.1 79.6 A 1.4
51% to 99% 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.7 A 1.2 20.1 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 70.1 B 4.7
100% 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 2.5 A 0.6 18.1 A 2.0 0.6 A 0.3 23.8 A 1.9
Potential Borrowers53.9 B 3.7 5.4 A 1.6 20.0 B 3.0 4.4 A 1.3 16.3 B 2.5 0.5 A 0.3 19.9 B 3.1 1.9 A 1.2 34.4 B 3.4
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
51.3 C 5.1 10.9 B 3.6 21.4 B 3.6 5.5 B 3.2 10.8 B 3.2 3.6 A 1.7 17.6 B 3.9 1.0 A 0.6 42.7 C 5.1
Co-operatives Co-operatives 18.1 A 1.4 42.4 A 1.8 23.3 A 1.6 13.0 A 1.3 3.2 A 0.7 6.8 A 0.9 2.6 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.5 8.6 A 1.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 67.7 A 2.1 13.7 A 1.5 13.8 A 1.5 1.0 A 0.6 3.8 A 0.9 0.9 A 0.5 3.6 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 39.5 A 2.2
Not-for-profit 38.9 A 1.4 16.4 A 0.8 17.5 A 1.2 18.8 A 1.2 8.4 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.5 1.5 A 0.3
Charity 55.5 A 1.9 11.8 A 1.1 11.5 A 1.2 16.2 A 1.4 5.0 A 0.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
For-profit 47.1 B 3.7 11.2 A 2.2 22.9 B 3.0 5.4 A 1.9 13.4 A 2.5 1.7 A 0.7 16.7 B 2.9 0.5 A 0.3 46.0 B 3.6
53.4 A 0.9 10.9 A 0.5 21.9 A 0.7 2.5 A 0.3 11.4 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.2 12.8 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.1 43.0 A 0.8
53.1 A 2.3 5.4 A 0.9 15.0 A 1.5 2.4 A 0.7 24.1 A 2.0 1.6 A 0.4 8.1 A 1.4 0.6 A 0.2 32.7 A 2.0
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
50%
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Social Enterprises
Location
Employment Size
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Notes:
J.7 and J.8 are applicable to all respondents.
Survey question(s):
J.7 What percentage of your business is owned by women?
J.8. What percentage of your business is owned by...
1%-49%0%
Table 31: Ownership Characteristics
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Visible MinorityPerson(s) with a
disability
Majority ownership held by:
AboriginalMembers of the
same family
Female ownership
51%-99% 100%
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
CMA Level
Region
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
At least one of the 4 above innovations
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 6.6 A 0.4 23.6 A 0.7 29.3 A 0.7 25.5 A 0.7 15.1 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.4 21.1 A 0.7 72.1 A 0.8
1 to 4 employees 7.3 A 0.6 23.9 A 1.0 30.8 A 1.1 22.3 A 1.0 15.6 A 0.9 8.1 A 0.6 23.0 A 1.0 68.9 A 1.1
5 to 19 employees 6.5 A 0.7 24.8 A 1.2 28.1 A 1.2 26.8 A 1.2 13.8 A 0.9 5.6 A 0.6 18.9 A 1.1 75.5 A 1.2
20 to 99 employees 3.6 A 0.7 19.0 A 1.4 27.8 A 1.8 34.4 A 1.8 15.3 A 1.7 3.9 A 1.1 19.3 A 1.6 76.9 A 1.8
100 to 499 employees 3.0 A 1.3 17.5 B 2.5 13.5 A 1.6 46.9 B 3.5 19.1 A 2.2 2.8 A 0.7 15.4 B 2.9 81.8 B 2.9
Atlantic 12.0 A 1.6 22.4 A 2.0 31.6 A 1.9 21.0 A 1.9 13.0 A 1.6 7.4 A 1.3 15.1 A 1.5 77.6 A 1.9
Quebec 9.2 A 1.1 23.9 A 1.6 32.5 A 1.7 23.3 A 1.6 11.1 A 1.2 7.7 A 1.0 21.0 A 1.7 71.3 A 1.8
Ontario 4.1 A 0.5 20.0 A 1.0 27.7 A 1.1 28.6 A 1.1 19.5 A 1.1 6.9 A 0.7 22.3 A 1.1 70.8 A 1.2
Northern Ontario 5.3 A 1.2 23.7 B 2.6 38.6 B 2.9 20.5 A 2.2 11.9 A 1.8 6.5 A 1.6 18.1 A 2.2 75.4 B 2.6
Southern Ontario 4.1 A 0.5 19.8 A 1.1 27.0 A 1.2 29.1 A 1.2 20.0 A 1.1 6.9 A 0.7 22.5 A 1.2 70.5 A 1.3
Prairies 6.9 A 0.9 28.0 A 1.5 31.8 A 1.6 22.1 A 1.4 11.2 A 1.1 6.1 A 0.8 21.5 A 1.4 72.4 A 1.5
Manitoba 8.7 A 1.9 30.9 B 3.2 29.1 B 3.4 25.9 B 3.2 5.4 A 1.5 5.2 A 1.2 25.0 B 3.3 69.8 B 3.4
Saskatchewan 8.8 A 2.1 32.5 B 3.2 31.9 B 3.1 17.9 B 2.7 8.9 A 1.9 4.3 A 1.0 26.5 B 3.0 69.2 B 3.1
Alberta 6.1 A 1.1 26.2 A 1.9 32.3 A 2.2 22.2 A 1.8 13.1 A 1.5 6.7 A 1.1 19.5 A 1.8 73.8 A 2.0
British Columbia and Territories 5.5 A 1.0 26.0 A 2.0 24.4 A 2.0 27.8 A 2.1 16.3 A 1.7 5.5 A 1.0 20.7 A 2.0 73.8 A 2.1
St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 20.5 D 7.7 37.1 D 8.9 29.5 D 8.3 12.9 C 5.3 2.9 A 1.5 16.2 C 5.8 80.9 C 6.0
Halifax 6.7 B 3.6 14.5 C 5.2 28.0 B 5.0 25.6 C 5.4 25.2 C 6.1 4.0 A 1.5 13.8 B 4.0 82.2 B 4.3
Quebec 10.5 B 4.1 13.0 B 3.5 38.3 C 7.0 32.3 C 6.8 5.9 B 2.5 4.7 A 1.6 24.2 C 6.7 71.1 C 6.7
Montreal 4.3 A 1.0 19.0 A 2.1 30.8 B 2.6 30.1 B 2.7 15.7 A 2.0 8.0 A 1.5 20.4 A 2.4 71.5 B 2.7
Ottawa-Gatineau 5.2 A 2.3 16.6 B 3.6 23.4 B 3.6 29.9 B 4.6 24.9 B 4.0 8.7 B 2.7 20.9 B 3.5 70.4 B 4.0
Toronto 3.0 A 0.8 16.2 A 1.6 23.9 A 1.8 35.1 A 2.0 21.8 A 1.8 8.1 A 1.3 27.5 A 2.0 64.4 A 2.1
Kingston 2.7 A 1.3 19.6 B 3.9 27.2 B 4.7 30.7 B 4.7 19.8 B 4.1 4.5 A 2.2 15.7 B 3.4 79.8 B 3.9
Hamilton 1.9 A 0.9 16.4 B 4.2 33.4 C 5.6 23.3 B 4.1 24.9 C 6.4 6.9 B 3.7 7.4 B 2.7 85.7 B 4.4
St. Catharines-Niagara 5.2 A 2.0 21.5 C 5.5 29.6 B 5.0 28.0 C 5.5 15.7 B 4.9 4.2 A 1.6 20.3 B 4.5 75.5 B 4.6
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 4.6 A 2.2 25.5 B 4.9 16.5 B 3.3 33.1 C 5.2 20.2 C 5.1 3.1 A 1.3 13.5 B 3.3 83.4 B 3.5
London 6.4 B 2.7 26.1 C 5.3 13.9 B 2.8 25.0 B 4.6 28.6 C 5.0 7.5 B 3.0 23.3 C 5.0 69.1 C 5.3
Windsor 2.6 A 1.4 23.5 C 5.5 24.9 B 4.3 29.4 C 5.6 19.6 B 4.9 5.1 A 1.8 10.2 B 3.3 84.7 B 3.7
Thunder Bay 10.4 B 3.8 19.9 B 4.2 35.3 C 5.3 15.9 B 3.2 18.5 B 4.7 0.7 A 0.7 18.8 B 4.5 80.5 B 4.5
Winnipeg 4.3 A 1.6 28.4 B 4.1 29.0 B 4.4 32.5 B 4.3 5.8 A 1.8 3.9 A 1.3 25.0 B 4.1 71.1 B 4.2
Calgary 4.7 A 1.7 14.5 A 2.3 31.7 B 3.9 29.2 B 3.5 19.9 B 3.6 6.4 A 1.9 20.4 B 3.2 73.2 B 3.5
Edmonton 2.9 A 1.0 23.8 B 3.9 28.5 B 4.2 27.5 B 3.8 17.3 B 3.2 11.3 B 3.0 15.4 B 3.1 73.3 B 4.0
Vancouver 2.0 A 0.8 21.3 B 2.9 25.2 B 3.0 35.0 B 3.2 16.4 B 2.5 4.4 A 1.0 22.0 B 3.1 73.6 B 3.1
Victoria 4.6 B 2.9 30.3 D 7.8 15.8 C 6.1 26.3 D 7.5 22.9 D 7.5 5.2 B 2.8 16.7 C 6.8 78.1 C 7.1
14.9 A 1.8 38.2 B 2.5 29.6 A 2.3 14.0 A 1.7 3.3 A 0.8 4.5 A 0.9 16.5 A 1.9 79.0 A 2.0
11.2 A 1.7 34.9 A 2.4 40.1 A 2.3 11.1 A 1.3 2.6 A 0.7 6.4 A 1.1 22.9 A 2.1 70.7 A 2.2
6.0 A 0.9 20.2 A 1.9 30.1 A 2.1 28.6 A 2.1 15.0 A 1.7 3.8 A 0.8 14.4 A 1.6 81.9 A 1.7
6.3 A 1.2 20.6 A 1.8 26.9 A 2.0 34.7 A 2.2 11.5 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.5 14.3 A 1.6 83.4 A 1.7
5.6 A 1.2 26.9 A 2.1 24.8 A 2.0 36.6 A 2.4 6.1 A 1.1 8.8 A 1.5 20.9 A 1.9 70.3 A 2.2
10.9 A 1.5 37.3 B 2.6 31.2 B 2.6 17.2 A 2.0 3.4 A 0.8 7.6 A 1.4 22.5 A 2.3 69.9 B 2.6
0.7 A 0.4 5.3 A 0.9 23.3 A 2.0 36.3 A 2.2 34.5 A 2.2 7.0 A 1.2 24.6 A 2.0 68.3 A 2.1
5.5 A 1.1 29.2 A 2.2 26.7 A 2.1 28.3 A 2.2 10.3 A 1.4 10.2 A 1.4 24.5 A 2.2 65.3 A 2.4
7.5 A 1.4 20.6 A 1.9 55.2 A 2.4 12.2 A 1.4 4.6 A 1.0 6.1 A 0.9 19.3 A 1.9 74.6 A 2.0
4.0 A 0.7 17.4 A 1.7 19.1 A 1.8 29.4 A 2.1 30.1 A 2.1 6.8 A 1.1 21.3 A 1.9 72.0 A 2.1
Tourism 4.8 A 0.9 29.0 A 2.2 25.8 A 2.0 28.7 A 2.1 11.7 A 1.7 9.6 A 1.5 24.9 A 2.2 65.5 A 2.4
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
0.0 A 0.0 3.8 A 1.4 23.1 B 2.9 46.0 B 3.3 27.1 B 2.8 7.8 A 1.5 32.9 B 3.2 59.3 B 3.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 2.9 A 1.9 18.4 B 4.2 23.6 B 4.3 31.8 C 5.1 23.2 B 4.1 7.3 B 2.7 30.9 B 4.9 61.8 C 5.1
Rural 11.6 A 1.1 31.6 A 1.7 35.3 A 1.7 15.8 A 1.2 5.6 A 0.9 4.6 A 0.5 21.0 A 1.5 74.4 A 1.5
Urban 5.3 A 0.4 21.7 A 0.7 27.8 A 0.8 27.8 A 0.8 17.3 A 0.7 7.2 A 0.5 21.2 A 0.8 71.6 A 0.9
Exporter 3.9 A 0.7 14.4 A 1.4 22.7 A 1.7 37.6 A 2.3 21.5 A 1.8 4.9 A 1.0 20.7 A 1.9 74.4 A 2.0
Non-exporter 6.9 A 0.4 24.8 A 0.7 30.2 A 0.8 23.9 A 0.7 14.2 A 0.6 7.0 A 0.4 21.2 A 0.7 71.9 A 0.8
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 4.3 A 1.0 19.4 A 2.4 30.5 B 2.9 28.3 B 2.7 17.5 B 2.5 4.8 A 1.8 24.3 B 2.7 70.9 B 2.9
5.7 A 1.2 24.4 A 2.3 28.0 A 2.2 27.5 A 2.4 14.4 A 1.8 3.6 A 0.7 23.9 A 2.3 72.5 A 2.3
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 7.1 A 0.6 23.3 A 1.0 28.9 A 1.1 26.7 A 1.1 14.0 A 0.9 3.3 A 0.5 19.7 A 1.1 77.0 A 1.1
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 7.5 A 1.1 24.7 A 1.7 30.5 A 1.9 22.9 A 1.7 14.3 A 1.5 3.2 A 0.7 18.4 A 1.7 78.4 A 1.8
6.1 A 1.0 27.7 A 2.3 30.6 A 2.2 20.9 A 2.1 14.7 A 1.7 3.5 A 1.0 20.0 A 2.1 76.5 A 2.2
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 5.9 A 1.3 21.0 A 2.0 27.2 A 2.1 26.7 A 2.2 19.2 A 2.0 35.9 A 2.3 26.9 A 2.2 37.1 A 2.4
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 5.1 A 0.6 20.0 A 1.2 29.5 A 1.4 26.9 A 1.4 18.6 A 1.2 5.8 A 0.8 40.7 A 1.5 53.5 A 1.6
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 6.5 A 0.8 25.0 A 1.4 30.0 A 1.4 25.8 A 1.4 12.8 A 1.1 2.2 A 0.5 8.2 A 0.9 89.6 A 1.0
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 8.4 A 0.8 27.0 A 1.2 29.2 A 1.2 23.6 A 1.2 11.9 A 0.9 2.6 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.8 88.1 A 0.9
5.4 A 1.0 18.2 A 1.5 27.0 A 1.6 30.4 A 1.8 19.0 A 1.6 7.0 A 1.0 23.1 A 1.6 69.9 A 1.8
5.3 A 1.1 17.1 A 1.7 29.6 A 2.0 28.2 A 2.0 19.9 A 1.9 7.0 A 1.2 19.5 A 1.8 73.5 A 2.0
3.3 A 0.7 16.8 A 1.9 31.2 A 2.1 28.2 A 2.1 20.5 A 2.0 6.3 A 1.0 21.8 A 1.9 72.0 A 2.0
2.9 A 0.6 21.1 A 1.9 30.7 A 2.1 28.8 A 2.0 16.5 A 1.8 6.9 A 1.0 20.6 A 1.8 72.5 A 2.0
4.8 A 0.7 19.0 A 1.2 29.3 A 1.3 29.0 A 1.3 17.9 A 1.2 7.1 A 0.8 21.9 A 1.2 71.0 A 1.4
7.7 A 0.5 25.6 A 0.9 29.7 A 0.9 22.9 A 0.9 14.1 A 0.7 6.3 A 0.5 20.3 A 0.9 73.4 A 1.0
Holds IP 2.6 A 0.4 12.9 A 1.0 26.3 A 1.4 35.3 A 1.6 22.9 A 1.4 5.8 A 0.7 19.4 A 1.3 74.9 A 1.4
Holds Formal IP 3.9 A 0.9 13.8 A 1.6 26.5 A 2.1 33.0 A 2.2 22.7 A 2.2 3.9 A 0.7 17.7 A 2.0 78.5 A 2.0
No IP 8.3 A 0.6 27.5 A 0.9 30.8 A 0.9 20.9 A 0.8 12.5 A 0.7 6.9 A 0.5 21.3 A 0.9 71.8 A 0.9
Familiar with at least one type of IP 5.2 A 0.4 20.7 A 0.8 30.8 A 0.9 27.0 A 0.9 16.3 A 0.7 6.6 A 0.5 20.8 A 0.8 72.6 A 0.9
Not familiar with any type of IP 12.4 A 1.2 33.6 A 1.7 25.5 A 1.5 16.9 A 1.4 11.7 A 1.3 6.5 A 0.7 20.7 A 1.6 72.8 A 1.6
Procurement Did business with Federal government 3.1 A 1.1 14.1 A 2.0 18.9 A 2.0 38.8 B 2.7 25.2 A 2.5 1.8 A 0.6 14.6 A 2.1 83.6 A 2.2
<30 years old 5.6 A 2.1 22.5 B 4.0 38.7 C 5.9 21.7 C 5.4 11.5 C 5.7 55.5 C 5.9 44.5 C 5.9 0.0 A 0.0
30 to 39 years old 3.9 A 0.8 21.4 A 1.8 33.7 A 2.1 28.7 A 2.1 12.3 A 1.5 18.4 A 1.6 49.4 A 2.3 32.2 A 2.2
40 to 49 years old 3.7 A 0.6 19.2 A 1.3 30.6 A 1.5 28.5 A 1.5 18.1 A 1.3 7.2 A 0.8 31.0 A 1.6 61.8 A 1.7
50 to 64 years old 7.8 A 0.7 26.4 A 1.1 29.0 A 1.1 23.5 A 1.0 13.3 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.4 10.6 A 0.8 86.8 A 0.8
65+ years old 10.9 A 1.3 24.4 A 1.9 21.3 A 1.8 24.1 A 2.0 19.3 A 2.0 1.0 A 0.7 5.5 A 1.3 93.4 A 1.4
Less than high school 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.8 A 1.3 12.7 A 2.1 82.6 A 2.3
High school 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 3.9 A 0.5 18.6 A 1.4 77.5 A 1.4
College/Cegep/Trade School 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 8.2 A 0.8 21.8 A 1.3 70.0 A 1.4
Bachelor's degree 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.7 A 0.8 22.1 A 1.4 71.2 A 1.5
Master's degree or above 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 9.2 A 1.4 25.7 A 2.1 65.1 A 2.2
In Canada 7.3 A 0.5 25.8 A 0.8 31.7 A 0.9 22.6 A 0.8 12.7 A 0.6 6.1 A 0.5 19.5 A 0.8 74.4 A 0.8
Outside Canada 4.4 A 0.7 16.9 A 1.2 22.1 A 1.4 34.2 A 1.6 22.3 A 1.5 8.6 A 0.9 26.1 A 1.6 65.3 A 1.7
0% 7.9 A 0.6 24.7 A 1.0 28.2 A 1.0 24.7 A 1.0 14.5 A 0.8 5.8 A 0.5 20.9 A 1.0 73.3 A 1.0
1% to 49% 5.4 A 1.0 21.0 A 1.8 29.3 A 2.2 26.5 A 2.2 17.9 A 2.2 6.3 A 1.3 20.3 A 2.1 73.4 A 2.3
50% 6.6 A 0.8 25.3 A 1.5 29.7 A 1.6 25.0 A 1.5 13.4 A 1.3 6.9 A 0.9 19.9 A 1.5 73.2 A 1.6
51% to 99% 2.0 A 0.9 18.2 B 4.4 36.3 C 5.1 28.9 B 4.5 14.7 B 3.7 12.7 B 3.0 18.0 B 4.1 69.4 B 4.7
100% 2.7 A 0.7 19.5 A 1.8 31.6 A 2.1 28.3 A 2.2 18.0 A 1.8 9.3 A 1.3 25.5 A 2.0 65.2 A 2.2
Potential Borrowers9.0 A 2.3 20.9 B 3.1 30.2 B 3.4 27.9 B 3.3 12.0 A 2.4 8.9 A 1.9 22.5 B 3.2 68.5 B 3.5
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
7.5 A 2.0 25.3 B 4.7 30.5 B 4.7 22.2 B 3.9 14.5 B 3.6 8.4 A 2.0 29.9 B 4.9 61.7 B 4.9
Co-operatives Co-operatives 2.6 A 0.5 25.1 A 1.6 34.8 A 1.8 29.1 A 1.7 8.5 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.0 19.0 A 1.3 74.2 A 1.5
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 2.3 A 0.7 16.2 A 1.5 29.6 A 2.0 30.9 A 2.1 21.0 A 1.9 5.1 A 1.1 11.2 A 1.5 83.7 A 1.7
Not-for-profit 0.8 A 0.2 8.2 A 0.8 29.8 A 1.3 38.4 A 1.4 22.7 A 1.1 12.5 A 1.1 25.4 A 1.2 62.1 A 1.4
Charity 1.3 A 0.2 8.5 A 0.9 22.7 A 1.7 43.7 A 1.9 23.8 A 1.8 11.9 A 0.9 17.9 A 1.7 70.2 A 1.8
For-profit 3.1 A 1.0 17.6 B 2.7 31.4 B 3.4 34.6 B 3.6 13.4 A 2.5 5.8 A 1.3 18.5 B 2.8 75.7 B 3.0
6.1 A 0.4 22.6 A 0.7 29.3 A 0.8 26.4 A 0.8 15.5 A 0.6 6.8 A 0.5 21.5 A 0.8 71.6 A 0.8
9.3 A 1.1 29.6 A 2.1 29.3 A 2.0 19.8 A 1.9 12.0 A 1.5 6.0 A 0.8 18.5 A 1.6 75.5 A 1.8
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Business
Less than 5 years
Location
Construction (NAICS 23)
CMA Level
Special industry
aggregations
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Notes:
J.2 and J.3 are applicable to all respondents.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
5 to 10 years
Highest level of education attained Years of experience managing or owning a business
Less than high
school diplomaHigh school diploma
College, cegep or
trade school
diploma
Bachelor's degreeMaster's degree or
aboveMore than 10 years
Table 32: Primary Decision Maker Education and Experience
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Social Enterprises
Employment Size
Region
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Survey question(s):
J.2. What is the highest level of education attained by the primary decision maker for your business?
J.3. How many years of experience does the primary decision maker have in owning or managing a business?
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 70.7 A 0.7 29.3 A 0.7 10.6 A 0.8 7.2 A 0.7 9.1 A 0.9 39.0 A 1.4 28.0 A 1.3 6.2 A 0.8
1 to 4 employees 70.0 A 1.1 30.0 A 1.1 8.0 A 1.0 3.9 A 0.7 6.9 A 1.2 33.2 A 2.0 41.8 A 2.1 6.2 A 1.1
5 to 19 employees 68.5 A 1.3 31.5 A 1.3 14.1 A 1.7 10.7 A 1.5 11.8 A 1.5 46.6 A 2.4 10.5 A 1.3 6.4 A 1.3
20 to 99 employees 78.5 A 1.6 21.5 A 1.6 13.1 B 2.6 14.4 B 2.9 10.3 B 2.9 45.3 B 4.1 11.6 B 2.8 5.3 A 1.3
100 to 499 employees 83.4 B 2.9 16.6 B 2.9 10.9 B 3.9 11.0 B 3.8 23.9 E 11.5 45.1 D 9.4 0.1 A 0.1 9.0 B 3.2
Atlantic 72.6 A 2.1 27.4 A 2.1 12.1 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.4 1.6 A 0.7 37.9 B 4.7 38.3 B 4.8 4.8 A 1.9
Quebec 68.1 A 1.8 31.9 A 1.8 13.1 A 2.1 9.2 A 1.5 12.9 A 2.2 36.9 B 3.1 21.1 B 2.6 6.8 A 2.1
Ontario 71.0 A 1.2 29.0 A 1.2 11.0 A 1.4 4.8 A 0.8 11.2 A 1.6 39.7 A 2.3 25.2 A 2.0 8.2 A 1.2
Northern Ontario 63.5 B 2.8 36.5 B 2.8 7.3 B 2.5 6.7 A 2.4 12.3 B 3.4 38.9 B 4.8 22.0 B 4.3 12.8 B 3.5
Southern Ontario 71.5 A 1.2 28.5 A 1.2 11.3 A 1.5 4.6 A 0.8 11.1 A 1.8 39.7 A 2.5 25.4 A 2.1 7.8 A 1.2
Prairies 70.7 A 1.6 29.3 A 1.6 7.8 A 1.6 10.4 A 2.0 5.4 A 1.6 36.2 B 3.1 36.5 B 3.1 3.7 A 1.5
Manitoba 65.4 B 3.5 34.6 B 3.5 10.1 B 3.6 17.7 C 5.1 1.6 A 0.9 45.5 C 6.2 19.3 B 4.7 5.8 A 2.2
Saskatchewan 75.3 B 2.9 24.7 B 2.9 18.2 C 6.4 12.6 C 5.3 10.6 B 3.4 29.5 C 5.9 26.2 C 5.2 3.0 A 1.8
Alberta 70.9 A 2.1 29.1 A 2.1 5.1 A 1.6 8.1 A 2.4 5.3 A 2.2 35.0 B 4.0 43.2 B 4.2 3.3 A 2.0
British Columbia and Territories 72.7 A 2.0 27.3 A 2.0 8.5 A 2.1 5.9 A 2.0 5.6 A 2.0 44.8 B 4.1 30.5 B 4.0 4.7 A 1.7
St. John's 74.7 D 8.1 25.3 D 8.1 13.5 E 12.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 40.9 F 19.5 45.6 F 18.0 0.0 A 0.0
Halifax 69.8 C 6.5 30.2 C 6.5 8.0 C 5.2 0.0 A 0.0 2.8 A 2.1 55.1 E 12.9 30.0 E 11.2 4.0 B 4.0
Quebec 68.8 C 5.7 31.2 C 5.7 9.3 C 5.5 11.1 C 5.3 28.8 E 10.6 30.8 D 8.4 19.0 C 7.4 0.9 A 0.8
Montreal 74.2 A 2.4 25.8 A 2.4 6.9 A 2.1 9.0 B 2.6 11.9 B 3.4 40.7 B 4.8 27.5 B 4.9 4.0 A 1.7
Ottawa-Gatineau 64.5 B 4.9 35.5 B 4.9 15.8 C 5.6 2.2 A 1.1 16.1 D 8.2 27.5 D 8.5 29.3 D 7.5 9.1 C 6.3
Toronto 74.1 A 1.8 25.9 A 1.8 8.8 A 2.0 2.0 A 0.6 12.3 B 2.8 39.2 B 4.0 27.3 B 3.7 10.5 B 2.5
Kingston 62.1 B 5.0 37.9 B 5.0 5.9 B 3.0 3.7 A 2.1 9.7 B 4.9 37.9 D 8.2 25.4 D 7.6 17.4 D 7.7
Hamilton 73.1 C 5.0 26.9 C 5.0 22.9 E 10.1 2.3 A 1.5 6.8 B 3.8 41.5 E 10.4 20.1 D 8.0 6.4 B 3.1
St. Catharines-Niagara 68.7 B 5.0 31.3 B 5.0 9.8 B 4.3 2.7 A 1.9 6.3 B 3.7 51.3 D 9.2 25.5 D 9.2 4.3 B 2.7
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 64.1 C 5.6 35.9 C 5.6 10.2 C 6.9 7.3 B 4.9 9.8 C 6.9 41.5 D 9.2 23.4 D 7.7 7.8 B 4.4
London 69.8 C 5.6 30.2 C 5.6 12.5 C 6.4 2.2 A 2.2 13.5 C 7.4 42.9 E 10.8 21.8 D 10.0 7.2 C 5.2
Windsor 67.7 C 5.8 32.3 C 5.8 9.5 B 4.9 13.7 C 6.6 12.0 D 8.4 31.6 E 11.3 28.4 D 9.5 4.8 B 3.5
Thunder Bay 67.7 C 5.4 32.3 C 5.4 7.5 C 5.5 9.5 B 4.5 9.0 C 5.9 17.5 C 7.3 28.8 D 9.7 27.7 D 10.0
Winnipeg 68.5 B 4.5 31.5 B 4.5 11.0 C 5.0 17.1 C 7.1 0.5 A 0.4 46.6 D 8.5 18.4 C 6.3 6.3 B 2.9
Calgary 72.3 B 3.5 27.7 B 3.5 3.1 A 1.8 8.7 B 3.6 3.4 A 2.4 34.1 C 6.9 50.5 C 7.3 0.1 A 0.1
Edmonton 65.5 B 4.4 34.5 B 4.4 2.5 A 1.4 5.2 B 3.3 0.0 A 0.0 44.8 D 8.3 47.3 D 8.3 0.2 A 0.2
Vancouver 76.5 B 2.8 23.5 B 2.8 10.7 B 3.7 3.1 A 1.7 9.6 B 4.4 50.9 C 6.8 24.2 C 5.4 1.6 A 1.6
Victoria 78.0 C 6.7 22.0 C 6.7 11.3 E 10.0 9.4 D 9.2 6.1 B 4.7 33.1 F 15.0 40.0 F 17.6 0.0 A 0.0
68.2 A 2.4 31.8 A 2.4 26.6 B 4.0 18.9 B 3.3 1.3 A 0.7 25.5 B 4.1 22.4 B 3.9 5.5 A 1.5
72.7 A 2.2 27.3 A 2.2 12.3 B 2.6 9.6 A 2.4 7.9 B 2.5 18.9 B 3.9 45.6 B 4.5 5.7 A 2.4
70.3 A 2.2 29.7 A 2.2 13.9 B 3.3 12.3 B 2.9 8.5 A 2.1 45.2 B 4.5 14.3 B 3.3 5.8 A 2.1
71.2 A 2.1 28.8 A 2.1 17.2 B 3.4 10.0 B 2.7 7.9 A 2.5 38.4 B 4.2 22.3 B 3.6 4.2 A 1.5
63.0 A 2.3 37.0 A 2.3 9.9 B 2.6 8.4 A 2.3 9.0 A 2.5 51.5 B 4.0 13.8 B 2.5 7.4 A 2.0
76.5 A 2.2 23.5 A 2.2 9.5 B 2.7 6.7 A 1.9 2.5 A 1.3 34.9 B 4.9 41.1 C 5.4 5.3 A 2.3
71.7 A 2.0 28.3 A 2.0 7.8 A 2.3 0.7 A 0.5 14.0 B 3.2 33.5 B 4.0 39.7 B 4.0 4.2 A 1.2
62.4 A 2.4 37.6 A 2.4 6.2 A 1.9 5.2 A 1.5 7.2 A 2.2 68.4 B 3.7 7.2 A 1.6 5.8 A 2.0
67.8 A 2.4 32.2 A 2.4 12.3 B 3.1 5.4 A 1.9 16.5 B 3.5 38.0 B 4.4 22.7 B 3.4 5.1 A 2.5
76.3 A 1.8 23.7 A 1.8 4.2 A 1.4 3.9 A 1.5 9.3 B 2.7 37.4 B 4.2 35.6 B 4.1 9.6 B 3.0
Tourism 63.0 A 2.3 37.0 A 2.3 5.0 A 1.6 6.0 A 1.5 7.5 A 2.1 66.3 B 3.6 10.4 A 2.2 4.8 A 1.6
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
79.3 B 2.8 20.7 B 2.8 0.5 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 6.2 B 3.1 46.4 C 7.4 44.8 D 7.6 2.1 A 1.6
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 75.6 B 4.4 24.4 B 4.4 4.2 B 3.1 0.8 A 0.8 18.4 D 7.9 41.8 E 10.3 34.7 D 9.5 0.0 A 0.0
Rural 69.8 A 1.6 30.2 A 1.6 15.7 A 2.1 12.4 A 1.9 4.9 A 1.2 38.8 B 3.1 23.2 B 2.7 4.9 A 1.5
Urban 70.9 A 0.8 29.1 A 0.8 9.3 A 0.9 5.9 A 0.7 10.1 A 1.1 39.0 A 1.6 29.2 A 1.5 6.6 A 0.9
Exporter 72.7 A 2.1 27.3 A 2.1 14.7 B 2.8 5.9 A 1.6 10.6 B 2.7 45.9 B 4.5 14.9 B 2.9 8.0 B 3.8
Non-exporter 70.4 A 0.8 29.6 A 0.8 10.1 A 0.9 7.3 A 0.7 8.9 A 1.0 38.1 A 1.5 29.6 A 1.4 6.0 A 0.7
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 73.2 B 2.7 26.8 B 2.7 12.2 B 4.1 6.4 A 2.4 9.3 B 3.6 51.9 C 5.9 16.1 B 4.1 4.2 A 1.9
71.7 A 2.5 28.3 A 2.5 10.7 A 2.2 8.5 A 2.3 10.9 B 2.6 42.4 C 5.3 15.7 B 3.2 11.8 B 4.6
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 72.4 A 1.1 27.6 A 1.1 13.6 A 1.5 9.8 A 1.3 11.0 A 1.4 36.9 A 2.2 23.1 A 2.1 5.6 A 0.9
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 66.0 A 1.9 34.0 A 1.9 9.4 A 1.7 5.1 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.8 34.8 B 3.3 39.7 B 3.4 6.3 A 1.6
60.7 A 2.4 39.3 A 2.4 4.6 A 1.1 5.5 A 1.4 7.5 B 2.7 39.1 B 3.5 39.8 B 3.7 3.6 A 1.0
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 79.6 A 2.0 20.4 A 2.0 9.7 B 3.7 1.9 A 0.9 11.0 B 4.2 47.3 C 5.3 20.9 B 3.3 9.2 B 3.9
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 76.8 A 1.3 23.2 A 1.3 7.1 A 1.7 4.5 A 1.1 9.3 A 1.7 43.1 B 3.1 30.9 B 2.8 5.2 A 1.2
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 71.2 A 1.4 28.8 A 1.4 11.8 A 1.7 6.4 A 1.5 8.8 A 1.6 39.0 B 2.8 28.4 B 2.7 5.5 A 1.3
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 60.9 A 1.4 39.1 A 1.4 12.1 A 1.2 10.2 A 1.2 8.7 A 1.5 35.0 A 2.1 27.1 A 2.1 6.9 A 1.4
73.5 A 1.7 26.5 A 1.7 14.1 A 2.3 7.5 A 2.0 8.9 A 2.0 46.1 B 3.7 14.4 A 2.3 9.0 B 2.9
72.5 A 2.0 27.5 A 2.0 15.8 B 2.7 9.0 A 1.9 8.9 B 2.6 43.3 B 4.2 17.1 B 3.3 5.9 A 2.1
73.8 A 2.1 26.2 A 2.1 16.0 B 3.0 7.9 A 2.0 10.4 B 2.5 45.4 B 4.7 14.7 B 3.3 5.5 A 2.1
70.3 A 2.1 29.7 A 2.1 14.0 A 2.5 8.2 A 2.1 9.1 A 2.3 51.3 B 4.3 12.1 B 2.9 5.3 A 1.9
72.6 A 1.3 27.4 A 1.3 14.2 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.4 9.5 A 1.6 44.3 B 2.9 16.7 A 2.1 6.7 A 1.8
70.3 A 0.9 29.7 A 0.9 9.2 A 1.0 6.1 A 0.8 8.4 A 1.1 35.3 A 1.8 35.1 A 1.8 5.9 A 0.8
Holds IP 73.3 A 1.4 26.7 A 1.4 7.1 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.4 10.1 A 1.6 44.6 B 3.1 25.1 B 2.8 7.2 A 2.0
Holds Formal IP 75.5 A 2.1 24.5 A 2.1 6.2 A 1.7 7.5 B 2.9 10.3 B 2.9 48.4 B 4.8 20.0 B 4.2 7.6 A 1.8
No IP 70.2 A 0.9 29.8 A 0.9 11.9 A 1.1 7.1 A 0.8 8.2 A 1.1 35.8 A 1.7 31.2 A 1.7 5.8 A 0.8
Familiar with at least one type of IP 71.7 A 0.8 28.3 A 0.8 11.2 A 1.0 7.5 A 0.8 10.0 A 1.1 38.9 A 1.7 26.6 A 1.5 5.7 A 0.8
Not familiar with any type of IP 68.6 A 1.8 31.4 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.7 4.5 A 1.1 4.5 A 1.3 34.9 B 3.3 39.4 B 3.3 7.5 A 2.2
Procurement Did business with Federal government 73.2 A 2.5 26.8 A 2.5 12.2 B 3.2 14.0 B 3.7 14.1 B 3.7 43.9 C 5.3 9.1 B 3.1 6.8 A 2.1
<30 years old 88.2 B 2.9 11.8 B 2.9 1.6 A 1.5 24.1 E 11.9 0.0 A 0.0 42.9 E 12.5 27.8 D 9.0 3.7 B 2.7
30 to 39 years old 81.6 A 1.7 18.4 A 1.7 16.8 B 4.2 5.3 A 2.0 7.4 A 2.0 36.6 B 4.8 27.1 B 4.6 6.8 B 2.7
40 to 49 years old 81.8 A 1.2 18.2 A 1.2 5.7 A 1.3 5.8 A 1.8 13.4 B 2.7 42.5 B 3.5 24.2 B 3.2 8.3 A 1.9
50 to 64 years old 65.9 A 1.1 34.1 A 1.1 10.0 A 1.1 7.8 A 0.9 8.9 A 1.2 40.0 A 2.0 28.2 A 1.9 5.2 A 0.9
65+ years old 51.0 A 2.3 49.0 A 2.3 13.3 A 1.9 6.8 A 1.4 7.3 A 1.8 34.5 B 3.1 30.9 B 3.0 7.3 A 2.2
Less than high school 62.0 B 3.2 38.0 B 3.2 10.8 B 3.0 12.8 B 3.5 9.0 B 3.6 34.3 C 5.2 28.1 B 4.3 5.0 B 3.0
High school 67.3 A 1.6 32.7 A 1.6 11.3 A 1.6 8.5 A 1.5 8.7 A 1.9 37.2 B 2.9 28.9 B 2.8 5.3 A 1.4
College/Cegep/Trade School 72.1 A 1.3 27.9 A 1.3 12.1 A 1.6 8.2 A 1.2 9.0 A 1.7 37.1 B 2.6 28.9 A 2.4 4.6 A 1.0
Bachelor's degree 73.3 A 1.5 26.7 A 1.5 10.1 A 2.0 5.2 A 1.2 8.9 A 1.7 46.0 B 3.2 21.9 B 2.7 7.9 A 2.0
Master's degree or above 72.5 A 1.9 27.5 A 1.9 6.8 A 1.6 2.4 A 1.0 10.0 A 2.4 37.1 B 3.7 34.6 B 3.9 9.1 A 2.2
In Canada 70.7 A 0.9 29.3 A 0.9 10.6 A 1.0 8.6 A 0.9 9.4 A 1.0 37.4 A 1.6 27.8 A 1.5 6.2 A 0.9
Outside Canada 70.7 A 1.5 29.3 A 1.5 10.4 A 1.8 2.9 A 0.8 8.0 A 1.9 43.7 B 3.0 28.6 B 2.7 6.3 A 1.4
0% 71.4 A 1.0 28.6 A 1.0 9.7 A 1.0 6.4 A 0.9 9.3 A 1.3 38.2 A 2.0 30.1 A 1.9 6.4 A 1.1
1% to 49% 70.7 A 2.2 29.3 A 2.2 22.5 B 3.9 11.9 B 2.7 8.8 B 2.7 35.4 B 4.0 18.0 B 3.9 3.5 A 1.4
50% 68.4 A 1.6 31.6 A 1.6 7.4 A 1.5 10.3 A 1.7 8.3 A 1.7 39.7 B 3.0 27.4 B 2.8 6.9 A 1.8
51% to 99% 71.1 B 4.7 28.9 B 4.7 24.0 D 9.7 2.3 A 1.3 16.6 C 6.6 31.5 D 8.4 22.6 C 7.0 3.0 A 1.8
100% 71.4 A 2.1 28.6 A 2.1 7.7 A 1.9 2.0 A 0.9 8.2 B 3.0 45.1 B 4.5 29.9 B 4.0 7.1 A 2.2
Potential Borrowers58.9 B 3.7 41.1 B 3.7 7.1 B 2.6 3.5 A 1.7 11.7 B 4.1 34.5 C 5.4 37.9 C 5.6 5.4 A 1.8
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
76.0 B 4.0 24.0 B 4.0 6.4 B 3.8 5.3 B 3.9 8.3 B 4.2 60.9 D 8.3 15.8 C 5.5 3.4 A 1.7
Co-operatives Co-operatives 91.3 A 1.1 8.7 A 1.1 5.3 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 8.9 C 5.1 26.3 C 5.9 17.4 B 4.0 42.1 C 6.3
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 74.4 A 1.9 25.6 A 1.9 6.7 A 1.7 10.8 B 2.9 12.9 B 3.0 52.8 B 4.4 6.7 A 2.3 10.1 B 2.6
Not-for-profit 95.0 A 0.8 5.0 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 13.0 B 3.4 30.6 C 5.8 56.4 C 7.4
Charity 98.0 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.4 21.4 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 78.6 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0
For-profit 67.1 B 3.5 32.9 B 3.5 8.7 B 4.5 10.8 B 3.7 7.8 B 3.3 57.8 C 6.4 10.4 B 3.8 4.6 A 1.8
71.3 A 0.8 28.7 A 0.8 10.6 A 0.9 7.4 A 0.8 9.1 A 1.0 40.3 A 1.6 26.7 A 1.4 5.9 A 0.8
66.4 A 2.2 33.6 A 2.2 10.2 A 2.1 5.8 A 1.6 9.0 B 2.8 31.4 B 3.5 35.5 B 3.8 8.1 B 2.8
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Intellectual Property
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Special industry
aggregations
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Sell to family
member(s)
Do not intend to
sell, transfer or close
business in the next
five years
Intend to sell,
transfer or close
business in the next
five years
Intention
Sell to employee(s)Sell to external
party(s)Close the business Other
Transfer to family
member(s) without
money changing
hands
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 33: Succession PlanningSurvey question(s):
J.9 In the next five years, do you intend to sell, transfer, or close your business?
J.10 Do you intend to…
Notes:
J.9 is applicable to all respondents.
J.10 is applicable only to those intending to sell, transfer or close business.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Social Enterprises
Employment Size
Region
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 19.0 A 0.7 12.5 A 0.5 12.6 A 0.6 13.7 A 0.6 31.1 A 0.8 68.9 A 0.8
1 to 4 employees 14.1 A 0.8 8.3 A 0.6 9.5 A 0.7 11.1 A 0.7 24.2 A 1.0 75.8 A 1.0
5 to 19 employees 24.3 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.1 15.8 A 1.1 17.4 A 1.1 38.7 A 1.4 61.3 A 1.4
20 to 99 employees 27.5 A 2.0 18.9 A 1.5 18.9 A 1.5 16.2 A 1.5 42.4 A 2.1 57.6 A 2.1
100 to 499 employees 36.1 B 3.3 28.3 B 2.8 23.4 B 2.7 15.3 A 2.2 53.5 B 3.5 46.5 B 3.5
Atlantic 11.9 A 1.7 7.8 A 1.4 8.4 A 1.4 8.9 A 1.3 21.4 A 2.0 78.6 A 2.0
Quebec 19.9 A 1.6 10.9 A 1.0 14.2 A 1.3 13.5 A 1.3 31.7 A 1.8 68.3 A 1.8
Ontario 19.9 A 1.1 14.4 A 0.9 13.4 A 0.9 15.9 A 1.0 34.1 A 1.3 65.9 A 1.3
Northern Ontario 18.1 A 2.4 12.4 A 1.9 12.7 A 2.0 14.8 A 2.2 30.7 B 2.8 69.3 B 2.8
Southern Ontario 20.0 A 1.1 14.5 A 1.0 13.4 A 1.0 15.9 A 1.0 34.3 A 1.3 65.7 A 1.3
Prairies 16.2 A 1.3 10.9 A 1.1 10.7 A 1.1 12.2 A 1.1 27.1 A 1.5 72.9 A 1.5
Manitoba 14.8 B 2.7 7.4 A 1.9 11.4 B 2.6 14.2 B 3.1 24.8 B 3.4 75.2 B 3.4
Saskatchewan 17.7 B 2.6 9.9 A 2.1 10.4 A 2.1 7.5 A 1.8 25.8 B 2.9 74.2 B 2.9
Alberta 16.2 A 1.6 11.8 A 1.4 10.7 A 1.4 12.8 A 1.5 27.9 A 2.0 72.1 A 2.0
British Columbia and Territories 22.1 A 1.9 14.0 A 1.5 12.9 A 1.6 13.0 A 1.6 32.2 A 2.2 67.8 A 2.2
St. John's 17.7 D 7.9 8.8 B 4.1 4.9 A 2.5 14.6 D 7.7 30.6 D 9.4 69.4 D 9.4
Halifax 16.0 B 4.6 7.0 B 3.1 11.4 B 3.8 8.5 B 3.2 27.1 C 5.2 72.9 C 5.2
Quebec 11.6 B 3.6 7.4 B 2.6 13.6 B 3.6 11.9 B 4.0 22.6 C 5.0 77.4 C 5.0
Montreal 19.9 A 2.2 10.3 A 1.4 12.3 A 1.9 14.1 A 1.9 30.0 B 2.6 70.0 B 2.6
Ottawa-Gatineau 21.6 B 3.6 15.9 B 3.3 15.0 B 3.2 20.5 B 3.8 39.1 B 4.7 60.9 B 4.7
Toronto 23.5 A 1.9 15.1 A 1.5 13.8 A 1.5 16.1 A 1.6 36.5 A 2.1 63.5 A 2.1
Kingston 17.2 B 3.8 6.6 A 1.9 10.2 B 2.8 19.5 B 4.3 32.5 B 4.9 67.5 B 4.9
Hamilton 27.9 C 5.9 23.4 C 5.6 15.4 B 4.8 15.8 C 5.0 37.7 C 6.2 62.3 C 6.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 16.9 B 4.7 10.9 B 2.8 15.9 B 4.8 13.1 B 4.7 33.0 C 5.8 67.0 C 5.8
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 14.1 B 3.7 8.2 B 2.9 9.4 B 3.2 12.8 B 3.8 25.2 B 4.6 74.8 B 4.6
London 17.7 B 4.1 19.5 B 4.2 14.9 B 3.8 14.1 B 4.2 32.5 C 5.2 67.5 C 5.2
Windsor 17.4 B 4.8 19.0 C 5.0 13.1 B 4.2 9.5 B 3.7 33.2 C 5.8 66.8 C 5.8
Thunder Bay 17.9 C 5.2 10.3 B 3.9 11.2 B 4.0 10.6 B 3.9 27.9 C 5.5 72.1 C 5.5
Winnipeg 16.8 B 3.6 9.4 B 2.7 13.7 B 3.6 17.1 B 4.2 29.6 B 4.6 70.4 B 4.6
Calgary 17.0 B 3.2 13.9 B 3.0 12.0 B 3.0 12.7 B 3.0 28.9 B 3.7 71.1 B 3.7
Edmonton 20.4 B 3.4 15.3 B 2.9 11.8 B 2.6 18.7 B 3.4 36.1 B 4.2 63.9 B 4.2
Vancouver 26.1 B 3.1 17.0 B 2.7 16.6 B 2.7 17.2 B 2.7 38.7 B 3.5 61.3 B 3.5
Victoria 23.8 C 7.2 16.5 C 6.2 9.7 B 3.8 2.9 A 2.0 28.3 C 7.5 71.7 C 7.5
15.4 A 1.9 18.1 A 1.9 9.3 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.5 27.3 A 2.2 72.7 A 2.2
12.8 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.4 9.4 A 1.4 7.1 A 1.2 22.3 A 1.9 77.7 A 1.9
31.8 A 2.1 30.0 A 2.0 17.4 A 1.5 17.7 A 1.7 48.3 A 2.2 51.7 A 2.2
28.0 A 2.2 13.9 A 1.7 16.6 A 1.8 18.5 A 1.8 41.2 A 2.3 58.8 A 2.3
24.7 B 2.5 8.2 A 1.4 14.2 A 2.0 24.4 A 2.5 40.6 B 2.7 59.4 B 2.7
11.6 A 1.8 6.6 A 1.3 12.4 A 1.8 8.6 A 1.5 21.3 A 2.1 78.7 A 2.1
20.7 A 1.7 14.8 A 1.4 16.0 A 1.5 13.4 A 1.5 35.1 A 2.1 64.9 A 2.1
20.2 A 2.2 11.9 A 1.7 9.8 A 1.5 18.7 A 2.1 30.7 B 2.6 69.3 B 2.6
16.1 A 1.7 11.6 A 1.7 13.9 A 1.7 14.1 A 1.9 28.7 A 2.3 71.3 A 2.3
18.0 A 1.8 9.5 A 1.3 11.4 A 1.5 13.6 A 1.5 28.0 A 2.1 72.0 A 2.1
Tourism 20.5 A 2.4 11.4 A 1.7 11.2 A 1.9 20.2 A 2.2 32.7 B 2.6 67.3 B 2.6
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
33.4 B 3.0 20.0 B 2.5 17.3 A 2.4 18.9 B 2.6 45.1 B 3.2 54.9 B 3.2
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 24.9 B 4.4 19.8 B 4.1 17.9 B 3.9 14.5 B 3.5 38.3 C 5.0 61.7 C 5.0
Rural 16.2 A 1.3 12.0 A 1.1 12.1 A 1.2 12.8 A 1.3 29.3 A 1.6 70.7 A 1.6
Urban 19.7 A 0.8 12.6 A 0.6 12.8 A 0.6 13.9 A 0.6 31.5 A 0.9 68.5 A 0.9
Exporter 35.9 A 2.2 24.8 A 1.8 23.8 A 2.0 23.3 A 1.9 53.3 A 2.2 46.7 A 2.2
Non-exporter 16.7 A 0.7 10.7 A 0.5 11.1 A 0.6 12.3 A 0.6 28.0 A 0.8 72.0 A 0.8
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 30.6 B 2.9 22.9 B 2.6 20.6 A 2.5 20.3 A 2.5 46.4 B 3.1 53.6 B 3.1
21.6 A 2.3 13.2 A 1.6 15.8 A 1.9 17.2 A 2.2 34.8 B 2.6 65.2 B 2.6
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 18.8 A 1.0 12.5 A 0.8 11.9 A 0.8 10.8 A 0.8 29.8 A 1.2 70.2 A 1.2
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 15.3 A 1.5 7.8 A 1.0 10.3 A 1.3 13.2 A 1.5 26.1 A 1.8 73.9 A 1.8
13.2 A 1.5 10.2 A 1.4 9.2 A 1.3 14.1 A 1.6 26.0 A 2.1 74.0 A 2.1
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 20.6 A 2.2 13.0 A 1.7 14.7 A 2.0 17.3 A 2.0 35.1 B 2.6 64.9 B 2.6
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 20.4 A 1.3 12.2 A 1.0 12.1 A 1.0 12.2 A 1.0 30.3 A 1.4 69.7 A 1.4
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 18.5 A 1.3 13.5 A 1.1 13.5 A 1.2 15.4 A 1.2 32.2 A 1.6 67.8 A 1.6
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 17.5 A 1.1 11.7 A 0.8 11.9 A 0.9 12.8 A 1.0 29.7 A 1.3 70.3 A 1.3
100.0 A 0.0 46.6 A 1.9 38.3 A 1.9 37.5 A 1.9 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
71.3 A 1.9 100.0 A 0.0 49.5 A 2.2 39.4 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
57.6 A 2.3 48.7 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 47.6 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
52.2 A 2.3 35.8 A 2.2 44.0 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
61.3 A 1.4 40.1 A 1.4 40.7 A 1.5 44.0 A 1.5 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Holds IP 31.2 A 1.5 20.3 A 1.2 21.4 A 1.3 20.5 A 1.3 46.0 A 1.6 54.0 A 1.6
Holds Formal IP 37.9 A 2.3 24.8 A 2.1 23.6 A 2.1 24.0 A 2.1 52.3 A 2.4 47.7 A 2.4
No IP 14.5 A 0.7 9.5 A 0.6 9.4 A 0.6 11.2 A 0.6 25.6 A 0.9 74.4 A 0.9
Familiar with at least one type of IP 21.2 A 0.8 14.0 A 0.6 14.6 A 0.7 15.1 A 0.7 34.3 A 0.9 65.7 A 0.9
Not familiar with any type of IP 11.5 A 1.3 6.9 A 1.0 5.9 A 0.9 8.8 A 1.1 19.8 A 1.5 80.2 A 1.5
Procurement Did business with Federal government 24.1 B 2.6 19.7 A 2.4 23.3 B 2.5 21.2 A 2.5 39.5 B 2.8 60.5 B 2.8
<30 years old 32.5 C 7.3 19.5 B 4.8 13.0 B 3.3 15.0 B 3.8 45.1 C 6.7 54.9 C 6.7
30 to 39 years old 23.2 A 1.9 13.9 A 1.6 15.4 A 1.7 15.0 A 1.6 36.0 A 2.2 64.0 A 2.2
40 to 49 years old 20.4 A 1.4 14.7 A 1.2 14.6 A 1.2 15.2 A 1.2 33.2 A 1.6 66.8 A 1.6
50 to 64 years old 17.6 A 0.9 11.1 A 0.7 11.6 A 0.8 12.7 A 0.8 28.9 A 1.1 71.1 A 1.1
65+ years old 15.4 A 1.8 10.5 A 1.2 9.6 A 1.5 12.7 A 1.7 27.4 A 2.2 72.6 A 2.2
Less than high school 15.1 B 2.7 9.6 A 2.0 6.1 A 1.2 5.7 A 1.2 21.8 B 2.8 78.2 B 2.8
High school 14.7 A 1.2 9.1 A 1.0 9.0 A 1.1 12.2 A 1.2 25.0 A 1.5 75.0 A 1.5
College/Cegep/Trade School 17.3 A 1.1 12.4 A 0.9 13.3 A 1.0 14.2 A 1.0 30.7 A 1.4 69.3 A 1.4
Bachelor's degree 23.3 A 1.4 14.2 A 1.1 14.4 A 1.2 15.9 A 1.2 36.3 A 1.6 63.7 A 1.6
Master's degree or above 23.7 A 2.0 16.2 A 1.6 17.0 A 1.7 14.8 A 1.7 36.5 A 2.2 63.5 A 2.2
In Canada 18.1 A 0.7 12.2 A 0.6 13.0 A 0.6 13.1 A 0.6 30.8 A 0.9 69.2 A 0.9
Outside Canada 21.8 A 1.5 13.4 A 1.1 11.6 A 1.1 15.5 A 1.2 32.0 A 1.7 68.0 A 1.7
0% 17.8 A 0.9 11.8 A 0.7 13.3 A 0.8 12.2 A 0.8 30.0 A 1.1 70.0 A 1.1
1% to 49% 23.5 A 2.2 16.8 A 1.9 13.2 A 1.7 15.7 A 1.9 37.4 A 2.4 62.6 A 2.4
50% 20.2 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.2 10.3 A 1.1 14.8 A 1.3 31.5 A 1.6 68.5 A 1.6
51% to 99% 27.5 C 5.1 16.6 B 3.4 19.0 B 4.2 15.1 B 3.9 39.8 C 5.5 60.2 C 5.5
100% 17.4 A 1.8 8.7 A 1.2 12.0 A 1.5 16.1 A 1.7 28.3 A 2.1 71.7 A 2.1
Potential Borrowers17.8 B 3.0 8.5 A 1.8 10.7 A 2.1 13.5 B 2.5 29.3 B 3.5 70.7 B 3.5
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
28.7 B 5.0 16.7 B 3.8 16.1 B 3.3 20.7 B 3.6 39.0 C 5.1 61.0 C 5.1
Co-operatives Co-operatives 25.3 A 1.6 12.5 A 1.3 15.0 A 1.3 19.7 A 1.5 42.0 A 1.9 58.0 A 1.9
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 39.0 A 2.2 24.5 A 2.0 22.1 A 2.0 17.5 A 1.8 54.3 A 2.2 45.7 A 2.2
Not-for-profit 26.0 A 1.3 10.5 A 0.9 22.6 A 1.3 17.4 A 1.2 40.9 A 1.4 59.1 A 1.4
Charity 25.6 A 1.9 13.7 A 1.8 19.6 A 1.9 15.5 A 1.6 44.4 A 2.0 55.6 A 2.0
For-profit 27.8 B 3.3 21.6 B 2.9 19.1 B 2.7 26.1 B 3.3 46.3 B 3.8 53.7 B 3.8
19.5 A 0.7 12.9 A 0.6 13.0 A 0.6 13.9 A 0.6 31.7 A 0.8 68.3 A 0.8
16.3 A 1.8 9.7 A 1.3 10.3 A 1.4 12.4 A 1.6 27.3 A 2.1 72.7 A 2.1
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Special industry
aggregations
Export Status
Location
Non-innovator
Innovator: at least
one type of
innovation
A new or significantly
improved good or
service (product
innovation)
A new or significantly
improved production
process or method
(process innovation)
A new organizational
method in your
business practices,
workplace
organization or
external relations
(organizational
innovation)
A new way of selling
your goods or
services (marketing
innovation)
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 34: Innovation Activities and Reason for Not InnovatingSurvey question(s):
I.17 In the last three years has your business developed or introduced any of the following innovations? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.17 is applicable to all respondents that were not a franchise.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
CMA Level
Employment Size
Innovation activity in the last three years
Region
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53), Administrative
and Support, Waste Management and Remediation
Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social Assistance
(NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (NAICS
71)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
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All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 34.7 A 0.8 29.0 A 0.8 24.1 A 0.8 12.3 A 0.6 40.7 A 0.8 28.6 A 0.8 21.1 A 0.7 9.6 A 0.5 71.7 A 0.8 16.0 A 0.6 8.4 A 0.5 3.9 A 0.4 62.9 A 0.8 17.5 A 0.6 13.5 A 0.6 6.2 A 0.4 38.8 A 0.8 19.0 A 0.7 22.9 A 0.7 19.3 A 0.6 77.7 A 0.7 22.3 A 0.7
1 to 4 employees 37.7 A 1.1 26.7 A 1.0 24.4 A 1.1 11.3 A 0.8 42.3 A 1.2 27.0 A 1.1 21.7 A 1.0 9.0 A 0.7 72.3 A 1.1 15.8 A 0.9 8.1 A 0.6 3.9 A 0.5 64.5 A 1.2 16.0 A 0.9 13.0 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.6 41.9 A 1.1 17.5 A 0.9 22.0 A 1.0 18.6 A 0.9 75.0 A 1.0 25.0 A 1.0
5 to 19 employees 31.7 A 1.4 32.5 A 1.4 22.9 A 1.3 13.0 A 0.9 40.3 A 1.5 30.5 A 1.4 19.8 A 1.2 9.4 A 0.8 71.8 A 1.3 15.8 A 1.1 8.8 A 0.9 3.6 A 0.5 62.8 A 1.4 18.5 A 1.2 13.8 A 1.0 4.9 A 0.6 38.4 A 1.4 20.8 A 1.2 22.3 A 1.2 18.5 A 1.0 79.7 A 1.2 20.3 A 1.2
20 to 99 employees 29.0 A 2.0 31.5 A 1.9 25.1 A 1.8 14.5 A 1.4 33.9 A 2.0 32.3 A 1.9 21.2 A 1.7 12.6 A 1.3 68.8 A 1.8 17.7 A 1.6 8.8 A 1.1 4.7 A 0.9 56.6 A 2.0 21.3 A 1.7 14.3 A 1.3 7.8 A 1.0 25.1 A 1.8 22.4 A 1.6 29.4 A 2.1 23.2 A 1.6 84.7 A 1.6 15.3 A 1.6
100 to 499 employees 19.7 A 2.2 28.1 B 3.5 32.1 B 3.3 20.1 A 2.4 30.6 B 3.1 26.7 B 3.3 27.5 B 3.1 15.2 A 1.9 64.4 B 3.1 14.9 A 2.3 12.9 A 2.2 7.7 A 1.3 43.5 B 3.4 27.7 B 3.6 16.8 A 2.3 12.0 A 1.7 16.9 B 3.1 18.9 B 2.7 29.1 B 2.9 35.1 B 3.1 91.5 A 1.4 8.5 A 1.4
Atlantic 40.4 A 2.4 32.0 A 2.3 19.5 A 2.0 8.1 A 1.1 44.8 A 2.4 30.0 A 2.3 19.4 A 1.9 5.8 A 0.9 78.8 A 2.0 13.7 A 1.7 6.4 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.4 70.4 A 2.1 15.7 A 1.7 10.6 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.7 46.8 A 2.4 22.0 A 2.0 18.7 A 2.0 12.5 A 1.5 71.3 A 2.1 28.7 A 2.1
Quebec 34.7 A 1.9 27.1 A 1.7 25.5 A 1.9 12.7 A 1.3 34.4 A 2.0 30.8 A 1.8 23.2 A 1.7 11.6 A 1.2 61.6 A 2.0 20.8 A 1.7 10.2 A 1.2 7.4 A 1.2 62.9 A 2.0 18.3 A 1.6 11.5 A 1.2 7.4 A 1.1 40.4 A 2.0 23.0 A 1.7 17.9 A 1.5 18.8 A 1.5 81.3 A 1.6 18.7 A 1.6
Ontario 30.0 A 1.2 32.2 A 1.3 24.1 A 1.2 13.7 A 0.9 41.5 A 1.3 28.0 A 1.2 20.3 A 1.1 10.1 A 0.8 73.9 A 1.2 15.3 A 1.0 7.4 A 0.6 3.5 A 0.5 60.8 A 1.3 19.5 A 1.1 12.9 A 1.0 6.8 A 0.7 35.2 A 1.2 17.1 A 1.0 24.7 A 1.2 23.0 A 1.1 79.7 A 1.1 20.3 A 1.1
Northern Ontario 33.8 B 2.9 32.9 B 3.0 21.2 A 2.5 12.2 A 2.0 44.4 B 3.1 29.7 B 2.8 17.6 A 2.3 8.4 A 1.6 75.8 B 2.6 14.2 A 2.1 5.9 A 1.3 4.1 A 1.4 68.1 B 2.8 13.4 A 1.9 11.6 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.6 39.0 B 3.0 19.3 A 2.3 20.6 A 2.4 21.0 B 2.6 80.6 A 2.5 19.4 A 2.5
Southern Ontario 29.7 A 1.3 32.2 A 1.4 24.2 A 1.2 13.8 A 1.0 41.3 A 1.4 27.9 A 1.3 20.5 A 1.2 10.3 A 0.9 73.8 A 1.2 15.3 A 1.0 7.5 A 0.7 3.4 A 0.5 60.3 A 1.4 19.9 A 1.2 13.0 A 1.0 6.8 A 0.7 35.0 A 1.3 16.9 A 1.0 25.0 A 1.3 23.1 A 1.2 79.6 A 1.1 20.4 A 1.1
Prairies 39.9 A 1.8 26.9 A 1.6 21.6 A 1.4 11.5 A 1.2 44.8 A 1.8 25.8 A 1.5 21.5 A 1.5 8.0 A 1.0 74.8 A 1.6 13.9 A 1.2 9.2 A 1.1 2.1 A 0.5 64.8 A 1.7 14.3 A 1.1 15.5 A 1.3 5.3 A 0.8 40.5 A 1.7 17.8 A 1.4 26.1 A 1.6 15.6 A 1.2 74.3 A 1.6 25.7 A 1.6
Manitoba 38.0 B 3.6 33.6 B 3.6 19.4 B 2.9 9.0 A 2.1 39.6 B 3.6 35.6 B 3.6 18.1 B 3.1 6.8 A 1.8 76.9 B 3.2 14.0 A 2.5 7.8 A 2.3 1.3 A 0.6 63.6 B 3.7 18.6 B 2.9 15.3 B 3.1 2.5 A 0.8 44.4 B 3.6 19.8 B 3.0 24.4 B 3.3 11.4 A 2.2 75.2 B 3.1 24.8 B 3.1
Saskatchewan 41.1 B 3.6 27.7 B 3.0 24.7 B 3.0 6.5 A 1.9 44.1 B 3.5 29.4 B 3.0 21.2 B 2.9 5.3 A 1.8 81.1 B 2.7 11.3 A 2.2 6.9 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.3 71.8 B 3.1 11.1 A 2.1 15.5 B 2.5 1.7 A 1.0 46.8 B 3.6 21.4 B 3.0 22.1 B 2.9 9.8 A 1.8 73.4 B 3.3 26.6 B 3.3
Alberta 40.0 A 2.3 25.3 A 2.0 21.4 A 1.9 13.3 A 1.6 46.1 A 2.4 22.7 A 1.9 22.3 A 1.9 8.9 A 1.3 72.8 A 2.1 14.5 A 1.6 10.0 A 1.5 2.7 A 0.8 63.4 A 2.2 14.2 A 1.5 15.6 A 1.7 6.8 A 1.2 38.2 A 2.2 16.5 A 1.8 27.4 A 2.1 17.9 A 1.7 74.4 A 2.1 25.6 A 2.1
British Columbia and Territories 36.1 A 2.2 26.1 A 2.2 26.8 A 2.2 11.0 A 1.4 41.1 A 2.3 29.7 A 2.2 20.3 A 1.9 8.9 A 1.2 74.1 A 2.0 14.3 A 1.6 8.2 A 1.3 3.4 A 0.9 62.2 A 2.2 16.7 A 1.7 15.7 A 1.7 5.3 A 1.0 39.0 A 2.3 18.3 A 1.8 23.8 A 2.0 18.9 A 1.7 75.2 A 2.1 24.8 A 2.1
St. John's 39.3 D 9.5 18.4 C 6.4 28.7 D 9.4 13.6 C 5.7 22.6 D 8.0 43.3 D 9.4 26.8 D 9.3 7.3 B 3.8 71.2 D 9.2 11.5 B 4.9 14.5 D 8.7 2.8 B 2.7 64.2 D 9.4 14.9 C 5.6 17.8 D 9.0 3.1 B 2.8 29.5 D 8.8 27.3 D 8.6 28.3 D 9.3 14.9 C 5.7 83.2 D 7.6 16.8 D 7.6
Halifax 29.4 C 6.5 33.2 C 5.8 26.6 C 6.4 10.8 B 3.1 40.2 C 6.7 28.9 C 5.5 24.3 C 6.1 6.7 A 2.1 80.4 C 5.7 15.2 C 5.5 4.3 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0 58.6 C 6.6 22.0 C 6.0 14.5 B 3.9 4.9 B 2.8 34.9 C 6.6 18.5 B 4.2 20.8 B 4.9 25.7 C 6.0 78.6 C 6.3 21.4 C 6.3
Quebec 20.4 C 5.3 33.5 C 6.3 29.3 C 7.1 16.8 C 6.8 25.5 C 7.4 40.5 C 7.5 22.6 B 4.9 11.5 B 3.6 44.9 C 6.9 37.3 D 7.9 9.8 B 3.2 8.0 B 3.1 59.1 C 6.7 22.2 C 5.2 12.7 B 3.7 5.9 B 2.6 24.7 C 6.9 28.1 D 7.5 22.1 C 5.6 25.1 C 5.1 93.7 A 2.5 6.3 A 2.5
Montreal 29.6 B 2.7 27.7 B 2.6 28.1 B 2.9 14.6 A 2.2 32.3 B 2.8 26.5 B 2.5 28.4 B 2.9 12.9 A 2.0 62.2 B 2.9 15.9 A 2.0 12.9 A 2.1 9.0 A 2.0 57.5 B 3.0 17.2 A 2.4 15.1 A 2.2 10.2 A 2.0 35.6 B 2.8 22.2 B 2.6 19.6 A 2.3 22.6 B 2.6 84.5 A 2.1 15.5 A 2.1
Ottawa-Gatineau 24.4 B 4.1 33.9 B 4.5 30.8 B 4.6 10.9 B 2.7 29.1 B 4.1 35.5 C 5.2 23.7 B 4.0 11.7 B 2.8 72.3 B 4.1 15.5 B 3.7 8.8 B 2.5 3.4 A 1.1 60.4 B 4.9 20.8 B 4.7 11.7 B 3.0 7.1 A 2.1 28.2 B 3.9 17.3 B 4.0 28.8 B 4.7 25.8 B 4.7 86.9 B 2.9 13.1 B 2.9
Toronto 28.5 A 2.0 30.1 A 2.1 25.6 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.7 38.6 A 2.1 29.1 A 2.1 20.1 A 1.8 12.1 A 1.5 70.7 A 2.1 16.8 A 1.8 8.3 A 1.1 4.2 A 0.9 56.6 A 2.2 19.6 A 1.8 15.7 A 1.7 8.1 A 1.2 32.9 A 2.0 15.9 A 1.6 24.2 A 2.0 27.0 A 1.9 80.0 A 1.8 20.0 A 1.8
Kingston 29.4 B 4.9 36.9 C 5.1 20.1 B 4.2 13.6 B 3.6 43.2 C 5.2 29.6 B 4.9 14.5 B 3.7 12.7 B 3.6 73.5 B 4.7 12.0 B 3.3 9.0 B 3.0 5.5 B 2.6 64.0 C 5.1 18.3 B 3.7 12.6 B 3.4 5.1 B 2.6 42.0 C 5.2 20.6 B 4.4 16.3 B 3.5 21.1 B 4.2 76.4 B 4.7 23.6 B 4.7
Hamilton 32.4 C 6.2 26.9 C 5.5 23.7 C 5.8 17.0 B 4.9 55.9 C 6.4 16.2 B 3.7 19.2 C 5.3 8.8 B 3.3 82.0 B 4.0 10.2 B 3.1 5.3 A 2.2 2.4 A 1.4 63.4 C 6.5 19.5 C 5.3 8.4 B 3.2 8.7 B 3.6 38.0 C 6.2 14.3 B 4.6 24.5 C 6.4 23.2 C 5.4 80.0 C 5.2 20.0 C 5.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 31.3 C 5.9 33.8 C 6.1 18.7 C 5.2 16.2 B 4.1 39.0 C 6.2 32.5 C 6.0 13.1 B 4.6 15.4 B 4.2 69.2 C 5.3 17.2 B 4.2 7.5 B 2.6 6.2 B 3.3 63.4 C 5.6 20.7 B 4.6 9.8 B 3.1 6.1 B 3.0 38.6 C 6.2 25.6 C 5.6 15.6 B 3.8 20.3 B 4.4 75.7 C 5.7 24.3 C 5.7
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 32.3 C 5.1 27.3 C 5.3 25.0 C 5.2 15.4 B 4.4 42.1 C 5.5 20.5 B 3.5 27.7 C 5.2 9.8 B 3.9 73.6 C 5.2 15.7 B 4.5 8.9 B 3.3 1.8 A 1.0 64.2 C 5.3 19.2 B 4.9 10.1 B 2.6 6.5 B 3.7 30.9 C 5.3 19.8 B 4.0 21.1 B 4.1 28.3 C 5.3 80.0 B 4.6 20.0 B 4.6
London 41.8 C 6.0 32.6 C 6.1 18.3 B 4.5 7.3 A 2.4 49.2 C 6.1 25.0 C 5.2 19.2 B 4.9 6.5 A 2.4 79.1 C 5.4 12.8 B 4.6 6.0 B 3.0 2.1 A 1.5 65.5 C 5.9 23.9 C 5.5 7.1 B 3.1 3.5 A 1.7 38.8 C 5.9 25.2 C 5.5 24.3 C 5.4 11.7 B 3.5 71.0 C 5.6 29.0 C 5.6
Windsor 34.1 C 5.5 24.0 C 5.6 32.5 C 5.9 9.3 B 2.9 41.2 C 5.9 26.3 C 5.6 27.1 C 5.2 5.4 A 2.4 73.5 C 5.6 15.1 B 4.7 9.5 B 3.6 1.9 A 1.5 60.1 C 6.0 13.7 B 4.2 19.2 C 5.3 7.1 B 2.7 41.3 C 6.0 14.1 B 4.0 23.9 C 5.6 20.6 B 4.3 76.4 C 5.1 23.6 C 5.1
Thunder Bay 41.2 C 5.9 19.3 B 3.7 30.0 C 5.8 9.5 B 3.2 43.1 C 5.6 28.3 B 4.7 24.8 C 5.6 3.8 A 1.6 78.6 B 4.6 15.1 B 4.1 5.5 A 2.2 0.8 A 0.7 63.3 C 5.9 14.6 B 4.6 18.7 B 4.6 3.5 A 1.4 40.6 C 5.7 12.4 B 3.0 25.6 C 5.6 21.3 C 5.0 73.5 C 5.1 26.5 C 5.1
Winnipeg 38.0 B 4.7 33.8 B 4.7 19.8 B 3.9 8.4 A 2.3 43.5 B 4.8 30.7 B 4.5 19.8 B 4.2 6.0 A 1.6 79.3 B 3.9 11.7 B 2.6 7.6 B 3.1 1.4 A 0.7 64.7 B 4.7 18.8 B 3.6 13.6 B 4.1 2.9 A 1.0 44.1 B 4.7 17.4 B 3.7 23.2 B 4.2 15.3 B 3.2 74.1 B 4.1 25.9 B 4.1
Calgary 30.4 B 3.8 25.9 B 3.7 23.2 B 3.5 20.5 B 3.4 40.7 B 4.2 26.2 B 3.4 21.7 B 3.7 11.4 B 2.7 72.2 B 3.8 14.5 B 2.7 10.7 B 3.0 2.6 A 0.9 58.7 B 4.1 17.4 B 2.8 17.1 B 3.4 6.8 A 1.9 32.8 B 3.8 18.2 B 3.4 27.0 B 3.7 22.0 B 3.3 80.4 B 3.1 19.6 B 3.1
Edmonton 43.1 B 4.6 22.9 B 3.7 21.0 B 3.4 12.9 B 2.8 46.1 B 4.6 20.9 B 3.4 22.0 B 3.4 11.0 B 2.6 75.7 B 3.6 15.0 B 3.0 6.9 A 2.0 2.4 A 1.1 65.7 B 4.1 12.9 B 2.7 13.9 B 2.8 7.5 A 2.3 41.1 B 4.5 13.4 B 2.9 25.7 B 3.7 19.8 B 3.5 70.3 B 4.5 29.7 B 4.5
Vancouver 33.2 B 3.3 22.0 B 2.9 31.6 B 3.4 13.3 A 2.2 39.3 B 3.4 25.6 B 3.0 25.3 B 3.2 9.7 A 1.9 70.1 B 3.2 15.3 A 2.5 10.9 A 2.3 3.7 A 1.3 54.6 B 3.5 18.2 B 2.7 22.7 B 3.1 4.5 A 1.2 33.9 B 3.3 17.6 A 2.5 30.2 B 3.3 18.3 B 2.5 77.9 B 3.0 22.1 B 3.0
Victoria 31.7 D 8.3 26.9 D 8.0 31.3 D 7.6 10.1 B 4.1 38.0 D 8.3 37.1 D 8.3 16.3 C 5.1 8.6 B 3.8 68.1 D 7.7 22.1 C 7.0 7.2 B 3.3 2.6 A 2.4 53.5 D 8.4 26.4 D 8.0 12.6 B 4.4 7.4 B 3.8 25.2 C 7.2 17.9 C 6.4 34.4 D 8.7 22.5 C 6.0 79.1 C 7.1 20.9 C 7.1
46.6 B 2.6 20.6 A 1.9 25.9 A 2.3 7.0 A 1.3 46.4 B 2.5 21.0 A 1.8 24.9 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.4 74.5 A 2.2 14.1 A 1.7 9.5 A 1.5 1.8 A 0.8 69.4 A 2.4 13.6 A 1.6 14.3 A 1.8 2.8 A 0.9 52.9 B 2.5 18.0 A 1.8 19.1 A 2.0 10.0 A 1.4 67.0 A 2.4 33.0 A 2.4
40.0 A 2.4 33.2 A 2.3 20.6 A 2.1 6.2 A 1.0 44.6 A 2.4 30.6 A 2.2 20.4 A 2.1 4.4 A 0.8 68.9 A 2.3 19.2 A 1.9 7.1 A 1.3 4.9 A 1.2 65.2 A 2.3 18.4 A 1.9 12.1 A 1.6 4.3 A 0.8 46.0 A 2.4 22.9 A 2.1 23.4 A 2.0 7.8 A 1.1 74.9 A 2.1 25.1 A 2.1
25.3 A 2.0 31.5 A 2.1 25.5 A 2.0 17.7 A 1.7 26.2 A 2.0 30.8 A 2.1 25.8 A 2.0 17.2 A 1.8 57.9 A 2.2 19.0 A 1.8 14.9 A 1.8 8.2 A 1.3 48.8 A 2.2 20.8 A 1.8 19.3 A 1.9 11.1 A 1.4 25.2 A 2.0 22.5 A 1.9 27.7 A 2.1 24.6 A 1.9 88.5 A 1.5 11.5 A 1.5
23.0 A 1.9 27.5 A 2.0 32.7 A 2.2 16.8 A 1.8 29.4 A 2.0 29.8 A 2.2 28.2 A 2.1 12.6 A 1.5 67.2 A 2.1 16.4 A 1.6 11.4 A 1.5 4.9 A 1.0 52.1 A 2.3 22.9 A 2.0 18.1 A 1.8 6.8 A 1.2 27.9 A 2.1 18.7 A 1.7 29.0 A 2.2 24.5 A 1.9 87.9 A 1.4 12.1 A 1.4
31.2 A 2.4 31.4 A 2.4 22.7 A 2.1 14.7 A 1.9 43.7 B 2.6 29.8 B 2.5 17.7 A 1.8 8.9 A 1.5 74.2 A 2.3 14.6 A 1.8 9.2 A 1.8 2.0 A 0.7 72.7 A 2.3 12.1 A 1.5 11.3 A 1.6 4.0 A 1.3 47.9 B 2.6 18.2 A 1.9 20.8 A 2.1 13.1 A 1.9 80.3 A 2.0 19.7 A 2.0
48.6 B 2.7 25.9 A 2.3 17.1 A 2.1 8.4 A 1.5 51.2 B 2.7 24.1 A 2.2 16.5 A 2.0 8.1 A 1.5 76.5 A 2.3 14.6 A 2.0 6.9 A 1.3 2.0 A 0.7 66.4 B 2.6 16.5 A 2.0 12.2 A 1.8 4.9 A 1.2 46.7 B 2.8 20.1 A 2.2 19.6 A 2.1 13.6 A 1.9 65.5 B 2.7 34.5 B 2.7
18.6 A 1.7 31.1 A 2.2 30.3 A 2.1 20.0 A 1.8 28.3 A 2.1 29.9 A 2.1 25.8 A 1.9 16.0 A 1.6 65.9 A 2.1 20.7 A 1.9 7.9 A 1.0 5.5 A 1.0 47.7 A 2.3 22.3 A 1.8 15.8 A 1.7 14.2 A 1.6 13.7 A 1.5 14.8 A 1.6 28.7 A 2.1 42.7 A 2.2 90.9 A 1.3 9.1 A 1.3
43.4 B 2.8 27.7 B 2.6 17.1 A 1.9 11.8 A 2.0 48.9 B 2.8 29.1 B 2.6 11.5 A 1.6 10.4 A 2.0 77.3 B 2.5 12.5 A 2.0 5.9 A 1.3 4.3 A 1.3 70.6 B 2.6 17.5 A 2.1 7.0 A 1.4 4.9 A 1.3 51.8 B 2.9 20.0 A 2.3 14.6 A 1.8 13.6 A 2.0 69.4 B 2.6 30.6 B 2.6
42.9 B 2.6 27.1 A 2.2 21.2 A 2.0 8.9 A 1.5 48.8 B 2.6 27.7 A 2.2 17.0 A 1.9 6.5 A 1.4 78.1 A 2.1 11.6 A 1.5 7.2 A 1.3 3.1 A 1.1 70.5 A 2.3 15.1 A 1.8 11.1 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.8 55.7 A 2.4 16.4 A 1.7 16.7 A 1.8 11.2 A 1.4 68.5 A 2.4 31.5 A 2.4
35.9 A 2.2 27.0 A 2.0 25.2 A 2.1 11.8 A 1.5 41.9 A 2.3 28.2 A 2.0 21.5 A 2.0 8.4 A 1.4 75.9 A 2.0 13.0 A 1.6 8.2 A 1.3 2.9 A 0.9 65.9 A 2.3 16.1 A 1.7 13.9 A 1.7 4.1 A 1.0 36.6 A 2.3 19.0 A 1.8 23.4 A 2.0 21.1 A 1.9 76.0 A 2.0 24.0 A 2.0
Tourism 43.6 B 2.8 26.6 B 2.5 17.8 A 2.0 12.0 A 1.8 51.1 B 2.8 25.2 A 2.4 14.0 A 1.9 9.6 A 1.7 79.0 A 2.3 12.0 A 1.9 5.4 A 1.1 3.6 A 1.1 68.5 B 2.7 19.1 A 2.4 8.0 A 1.5 4.4 A 1.1 47.6 B 2.8 20.7 A 2.4 17.0 A 2.2 14.7 A 2.0 68.4 B 2.6 31.6 B 2.6
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
28.2 B 3.1 31.4 B 3.1 27.2 B 2.9 13.2 A 2.0 31.6 B 3.2 33.6 B 3.2 21.6 A 2.4 13.2 A 1.7 66.2 B 3.1 20.5 B 2.7 9.3 A 1.7 4.1 A 0.9 51.7 B 3.2 20.5 A 2.4 18.4 B 2.5 9.4 A 1.8 16.5 B 2.7 10.6 A 2.0 27.6 B 3.0 45.2 B 3.2 87.7 A 2.5 12.3 A 2.5
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 20.8 B 4.0 28.2 B 4.8 30.0 C 5.2 21.0 B 4.1 31.3 B 4.9 23.6 B 4.2 29.6 C 5.1 15.5 B 3.7 66.5 B 4.8 19.9 B 4.2 9.9 A 2.3 3.8 A 2.0 49.6 C 5.3 17.8 B 4.4 19.5 B 3.9 13.2 B 3.4 17.4 B 3.9 20.0 B 5.0 22.8 B 4.2 39.7 C 5.1 87.3 B 3.6 12.7 B 3.6
Rural 39.6 A 1.8 29.8 A 1.6 22.5 A 1.6 8.1 A 0.9 44.8 A 1.8 28.4 A 1.6 19.0 A 1.4 7.8 A 0.9 73.4 A 1.6 15.6 A 1.3 7.5 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.8 69.6 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.2 10.5 A 1.0 4.0 A 0.8 47.2 A 1.8 18.9 A 1.4 21.9 A 1.5 12.0 A 1.1 74.3 A 1.6 25.7 A 1.6
Urban 33.4 A 0.9 28.8 A 0.9 24.5 A 0.9 13.3 A 0.6 39.7 A 1.0 28.6 A 0.9 21.7 A 0.8 10.0 A 0.6 71.2 A 0.9 16.1 A 0.7 8.7 A 0.5 4.0 A 0.4 61.2 A 0.9 17.9 A 0.7 14.2 A 0.7 6.7 A 0.5 36.7 A 0.9 19.0 A 0.8 23.2 A 0.8 21.1 A 0.7 78.5 A 0.8 21.5 A 0.8
Exporter 20.1 A 1.9 29.8 A 2.0 29.8 A 2.1 20.3 A 1.7 27.6 A 2.2 29.4 A 2.0 26.3 A 2.0 16.7 A 1.5 65.2 A 2.1 16.4 A 1.6 11.3 A 1.4 7.0 A 1.0 46.6 A 2.3 23.2 A 2.0 17.0 A 1.5 13.1 A 1.6 21.7 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.7 26.2 A 2.0 36.2 A 2.1 89.2 A 1.5 10.8 A 1.5
Non-exporter 36.7 A 0.9 28.9 A 0.8 23.3 A 0.8 11.2 A 0.6 42.5 A 0.9 28.5 A 0.8 20.4 A 0.8 8.6 A 0.5 72.5 A 0.8 15.9 A 0.7 8.0 A 0.5 3.5 A 0.4 65.1 A 0.9 16.7 A 0.7 13.0 A 0.6 5.2 A 0.4 41.2 A 0.9 19.5 A 0.7 22.5 A 0.8 16.9 A 0.7 76.1 A 0.8 23.9 A 0.8
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 27.3 B 2.7 28.4 B 3.0 26.8 B 2.7 17.5 A 2.3 33.8 B 2.9 28.5 B 3.0 23.4 B 2.6 14.4 A 2.2 69.7 B 2.8 16.6 A 2.3 9.6 A 1.6 4.0 A 1.3 54.4 B 3.1 20.9 B 2.5 17.8 A 2.4 6.9 A 1.4 25.9 B 2.6 20.0 B 2.7 24.9 B 2.8 29.2 B 2.8 84.9 A 2.0 15.1 A 2.0
31.1 B 2.5 29.8 A 2.4 24.8 A 2.3 14.2 A 1.6 36.6 B 2.6 33.0 B 2.5 19.0 A 2.1 11.5 A 1.6 72.1 A 2.3 18.0 A 2.0 6.0 A 1.1 4.0 A 0.9 62.2 B 2.5 17.2 A 2.0 12.8 A 1.7 7.9 A 1.2 37.6 B 2.6 20.2 A 2.3 20.0 A 2.0 22.2 A 2.0 79.2 A 2.3 20.8 A 2.3
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 34.4 A 1.2 28.9 A 1.2 24.8 A 1.1 12.0 A 0.9 41.3 A 1.3 29.0 A 1.2 20.5 A 1.0 9.1 A 0.8 70.5 A 1.2 16.8 A 1.0 8.9 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.6 62.6 A 1.3 17.5 A 1.0 14.3 A 0.9 5.6 A 0.6 38.6 A 1.3 19.7 A 1.0 24.1 A 1.1 17.6 A 1.0 77.8 A 1.1 22.2 A 1.1
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 39.1 A 2.0 28.5 A 1.9 21.1 A 1.8 11.3 A 1.3 43.5 A 2.1 26.5 A 1.8 20.9 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.2 73.2 A 1.9 13.3 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.2 5.3 A 1.1 68.1 A 2.0 15.9 A 1.5 9.3 A 1.2 6.6 A 1.1 46.9 A 2.1 17.2 A 1.6 19.2 A 1.7 16.7 A 1.6 74.7 A 1.8 25.3 A 1.8
34.1 A 2.4 27.7 A 2.3 27.3 A 2.5 10.8 A 1.5 42.1 B 2.6 24.4 A 2.2 26.1 A 2.3 7.3 A 1.1 73.0 A 2.2 14.1 A 1.7 10.0 A 1.6 2.9 A 0.7 62.4 B 2.5 18.0 A 2.1 14.7 A 1.8 4.8 A 0.9 35.8 A 2.4 20.1 A 2.1 26.0 A 2.3 18.1 A 2.0 76.9 A 2.1 23.1 A 2.1
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 37.7 B 2.6 31.2 A 2.5 20.1 A 2.1 11.0 A 1.7 41.1 B 2.6 30.9 A 2.5 18.9 A 2.1 9.1 A 1.4 72.6 A 2.4 17.4 A 2.1 6.7 A 1.0 3.3 A 1.1 61.6 B 2.6 17.3 A 2.1 14.1 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.5 39.4 B 2.6 16.7 A 1.8 23.0 A 2.4 20.9 A 2.1 77.0 A 2.2 23.0 A 2.2
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 31.8 A 1.5 29.7 A 1.5 27.2 A 1.5 11.4 A 1.0 39.4 A 1.6 30.5 A 1.5 21.2 A 1.3 8.8 A 0.9 70.6 A 1.5 17.6 A 1.3 8.2 A 0.9 3.6 A 0.7 61.5 A 1.6 18.5 A 1.2 14.2 A 1.2 5.8 A 0.8 35.4 A 1.6 19.7 A 1.4 24.7 A 1.4 20.3 A 1.3 79.8 A 1.3 20.2 A 1.3
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 36.1 A 1.6 28.8 A 1.5 23.7 A 1.4 11.4 A 1.0 40.6 A 1.6 27.2 A 1.5 22.4 A 1.4 9.7 A 1.0 71.2 A 1.5 16.2 A 1.2 8.5 A 0.9 4.1 A 0.7 62.4 A 1.6 16.9 A 1.2 14.5 A 1.2 6.2 A 0.8 39.0 A 1.6 18.5 A 1.2 23.3 A 1.4 19.2 A 1.3 76.9 A 1.5 23.1 A 1.5
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 35.6 A 1.3 27.8 A 1.2 22.3 A 1.2 14.3 A 1.0 41.9 A 1.4 27.0 A 1.2 20.6 A 1.2 10.4 A 0.9 72.8 A 1.2 13.7 A 0.9 9.2 A 0.8 4.3 A 0.7 65.1 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.1 11.6 A 0.8 6.2 A 0.7 41.9 A 1.4 19.5 A 1.1 20.8 A 1.1 17.8 A 1.0 76.4 A 1.2 23.6 A 1.2
25.2 A 1.8 29.9 A 1.8 27.8 A 1.7 17.1 A 1.4 33.1 A 1.9 29.7 A 1.8 23.3 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.3 65.9 A 1.8 17.0 A 1.4 11.6 A 1.2 5.5 A 0.9 53.8 A 1.9 18.7 A 1.4 17.2 A 1.4 10.4 A 1.2 27.6 A 1.8 17.8 A 1.5 25.4 A 1.7 29.3 A 1.7 86.5 A 1.5 13.5 A 1.5
24.3 A 2.0 32.9 A 2.2 22.7 A 1.8 20.1 A 1.8 33.1 A 2.2 29.8 A 2.1 20.7 A 1.7 16.4 A 1.7 67.4 A 2.0 15.0 A 1.5 11.0 A 1.3 6.6 A 1.0 54.6 A 2.2 17.5 A 1.6 15.8 A 1.5 12.0 A 1.4 27.9 A 2.1 19.9 A 1.8 23.3 A 1.8 29.0 A 2.0 87.7 A 1.7 12.3 A 1.7
23.7 A 2.1 34.6 A 2.3 24.3 A 1.9 17.4 A 1.7 31.6 A 2.3 29.4 A 2.2 24.9 A 2.0 14.1 A 1.6 66.5 A 2.2 16.9 A 1.7 11.7 A 1.5 4.9 A 1.0 52.5 A 2.4 18.8 A 1.7 16.6 A 1.7 12.1 A 1.6 25.0 A 2.0 16.4 A 1.8 25.9 A 2.1 32.7 A 2.2 89.6 A 1.5 10.4 A 1.5
27.6 A 2.1 32.5 A 2.2 22.7 A 1.8 17.1 A 1.7 34.8 A 2.2 30.7 A 2.1 21.3 A 1.7 13.2 A 1.5 67.4 A 2.1 16.6 A 1.7 10.7 A 1.4 5.3 A 1.0 58.3 A 2.2 18.7 A 1.7 13.4 A 1.4 9.5 A 1.4 31.9 A 2.2 19.9 A 1.8 22.4 A 1.8 25.8 A 2.0 85.6 A 1.7 14.4 A 1.7
26.4 A 1.4 31.6 A 1.4 25.3 A 1.3 16.6 A 1.1 33.6 A 1.5 30.2 A 1.4 22.6 A 1.2 13.6 A 1.0 66.7 A 1.4 16.7 A 1.1 10.8 A 0.9 5.8 A 0.7 55.4 A 1.5 19.1 A 1.1 15.6 A 1.1 9.9 A 0.9 29.4 A 1.4 18.0 A 1.1 25.7 A 1.3 27.0 A 1.3 85.8 A 1.2 14.2 A 1.2
38.4 A 1.0 27.8 A 0.9 23.5 A 0.9 10.3 A 0.6 43.9 A 1.0 27.9 A 0.9 20.5 A 0.9 7.8 A 0.6 73.9 A 0.9 15.6 A 0.8 7.4 A 0.5 3.1 A 0.4 66.3 A 1.0 16.8 A 0.8 12.5 A 0.7 4.5 A 0.4 43.0 A 1.0 19.5 A 0.8 21.7 A 0.9 15.8 A 0.7 74.1 A 0.9 25.9 A 0.9
Holds IP 14.7 A 1.1 29.4 A 1.5 31.9 A 1.5 24.0 A 1.3 26.9 A 1.5 28.2 A 1.4 28.1 A 1.4 16.9 A 1.1 64.1 A 1.5 18.3 A 1.2 10.8 A 0.9 6.7 A 0.8 42.9 A 1.6 21.8 A 1.3 20.6 A 1.3 14.7 A 1.1 12.3 A 1.1 14.0 A 1.1 29.2 A 1.4 44.5 A 1.6 95.8 A 0.7 4.2 A 0.7
Holds Formal IP 10.1 A 1.3 25.8 A 2.1 29.3 A 2.1 34.8 A 2.4 26.5 A 2.3 24.9 A 2.0 28.4 A 2.1 20.3 A 1.8 63.4 A 2.3 17.4 A 1.8 10.8 A 1.4 8.4 A 1.3 48.3 A 2.4 17.7 A 1.8 19.3 A 1.8 14.8 A 1.8 22.5 A 2.0 13.7 A 1.6 28.7 A 2.2 35.1 A 2.3 94.3 A 1.1 5.7 A 1.1
No IP 42.0 A 1.0 28.9 A 0.9 21.2 A 0.9 7.9 A 0.6 45.8 A 1.0 28.8 A 0.9 18.6 A 0.8 6.9 A 0.5 74.4 A 0.9 15.1 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.6 2.9 A 0.4 70.2 A 0.9 15.9 A 0.7 10.8 A 0.7 3.0 A 0.4 48.6 A 1.0 20.9 A 0.8 20.6 A 0.8 9.9 A 0.6 71.0 A 0.9 29.0 A 0.9
Familiar with at least one type of IP 15.9 A 0.7 37.3 A 0.9 31.0 A 0.9 15.8 A 0.7 23.7 A 0.8 36.8 A 0.9 27.2 A 0.9 12.3 A 0.6 63.5 A 0.9 20.6 A 0.8 10.9 A 0.6 5.1 A 0.5 52.2 A 1.0 22.5 A 0.8 17.3 A 0.7 7.9 A 0.5 21.2 A 0.8 24.5 A 0.8 29.5 A 0.9 24.8 A 0.8 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Not familiar with any type of IP 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Procurement Did business with Federal government 22.2 A 2.4 29.4 B 2.6 29.0 A 2.5 19.3 A 2.4 27.6 B 2.5 31.3 B 2.6 26.8 A 2.4 14.3 A 2.1 58.1 B 2.9 20.6 A 2.4 18.5 A 2.3 2.8 A 0.9 43.5 B 2.8 23.9 A 2.5 20.5 A 2.2 12.0 A 2.0 14.7 A 2.0 17.7 A 2.3 30.3 B 2.7 37.3 B 2.7 91.9 A 1.6 8.1 A 1.6
<30 years old 39.6 C 6.6 36.2 C 5.8 19.6 C 5.3 4.6 A 2.3 40.1 C 6.6 38.8 C 5.9 18.3 C 5.5 2.8 A 1.1 70.0 C 6.1 14.0 B 3.4 8.0 B 3.4 8.0 C 5.1 57.3 C 6.4 17.7 B 3.9 20.8 C 6.1 4.2 A 1.8 37.6 C 5.8 15.5 B 3.4 35.3 C 7.2 11.5 B 3.2 81.2 B 4.3 18.8 B 4.3
30 to 39 years old 36.0 A 2.3 31.8 A 2.2 23.2 A 2.0 9.0 A 1.2 40.6 A 2.3 33.7 A 2.3 18.7 A 1.9 6.9 A 1.2 73.5 A 2.1 15.3 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.4 2.6 A 0.7 67.6 A 2.1 15.4 A 1.5 13.5 A 1.6 3.5 A 0.6 37.7 A 2.3 21.9 A 2.1 23.1 A 2.1 17.3 A 1.6 78.8 A 1.9 21.2 A 1.9
40 to 49 years old 30.5 A 1.5 30.8 A 1.6 27.2 A 1.6 11.5 A 1.1 37.6 A 1.7 29.1 A 1.6 23.3 A 1.5 10.0 A 1.1 71.8 A 1.6 16.9 A 1.3 7.8 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.7 57.0 A 1.7 21.4 A 1.5 14.9 A 1.3 6.7 A 0.9 32.8 A 1.6 21.0 A 1.4 25.5 A 1.6 20.7 A 1.4 81.3 A 1.3 18.7 A 1.3
50 to 64 years old 34.8 A 1.2 27.9 A 1.1 23.6 A 1.1 13.8 A 0.9 40.7 A 1.2 27.3 A 1.1 21.2 A 1.0 10.8 A 0.7 69.8 A 1.2 16.2 A 0.9 9.3 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.6 63.2 A 1.2 16.9 A 0.9 13.0 A 0.8 6.9 A 0.7 40.3 A 1.2 17.7 A 0.9 22.6 A 1.1 19.4 A 0.9 76.9 A 1.1 23.1 A 1.1
65+ years old 40.5 A 2.4 25.4 A 1.9 21.3 A 1.9 12.9 A 1.5 47.0 A 2.3 25.4 A 2.0 19.5 A 1.8 8.1 A 1.2 76.4 A 1.9 14.4 A 1.6 6.2 A 1.0 2.9 A 0.6 69.1 A 2.1 14.2 A 1.4 11.3 A 1.4 5.4 A 1.1 46.4 A 2.3 17.5 A 1.7 17.3 A 1.6 18.8 A 1.9 71.8 A 2.3 28.2 A 2.3
Less than high school 54.3 B 3.3 27.6 B 3.0 12.4 A 1.8 5.8 A 1.4 54.3 B 3.3 23.9 B 2.9 17.2 B 2.6 4.7 A 1.1 74.3 B 3.1 15.5 B 2.6 5.3 A 1.6 4.9 A 2.0 77.8 B 2.8 13.1 A 2.4 7.4 A 1.6 1.7 A 0.6 62.2 B 3.2 16.4 A 2.5 12.9 A 2.3 8.6 A 1.6 59.3 B 3.2 40.7 B 3.2
High school 44.2 A 1.8 27.8 A 1.6 20.4 A 1.5 7.7 A 0.9 49.1 A 1.8 27.9 A 1.6 16.5 A 1.3 6.5 A 0.8 76.6 A 1.5 14.0 A 1.3 7.4 A 0.9 2.0 A 0.5 71.0 A 1.6 15.8 A 1.4 10.4 A 1.0 2.8 A 0.5 51.8 A 1.8 19.1 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.4 10.3 A 1.0 68.2 A 1.7 31.8 A 1.7
College/Cegep/Trade School 33.0 A 1.4 30.6 A 1.4 24.5 A 1.4 11.9 A 1.0 39.4 A 1.5 29.9 A 1.4 21.4 A 1.3 9.3 A 1.0 68.7 A 1.5 18.8 A 1.2 7.7 A 0.8 4.8 A 0.8 61.7 A 1.5 17.1 A 1.1 14.0 A 1.2 7.2 A 0.9 38.4 A 1.5 20.3 A 1.2 24.6 A 1.4 16.7 A 1.2 80.8 A 1.1 19.2 A 1.1
Bachelor's degree 26.0 A 1.5 29.1 A 1.5 29.0 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.3 33.5 A 1.7 29.6 A 1.6 24.5 A 1.5 12.4 A 1.1 69.4 A 1.6 16.0 A 1.3 10.8 A 1.0 3.9 A 0.6 56.3 A 1.7 19.8 A 1.4 16.3 A 1.2 7.6 A 0.9 27.7 A 1.6 19.7 A 1.4 26.0 A 1.4 26.6 A 1.5 84.8 A 1.3 15.2 A 1.3
Master's degree or above 28.4 A 2.1 28.4 A 2.1 26.3 A 2.0 16.9 A 1.6 35.9 A 2.3 27.6 A 2.0 24.0 A 1.9 12.5 A 1.5 72.3 A 2.0 13.9 A 1.5 9.0 A 1.2 4.8 A 0.9 56.6 A 2.3 19.3 A 1.8 15.1 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.3 27.1 A 2.1 16.5 A 1.8 25.5 A 2.1 31.0 A 2.0 82.9 A 1.8 17.1 A 1.8
In Canada 34.0 A 0.9 29.8 A 0.9 24.1 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.6 39.1 A 1.0 29.6 A 0.9 21.7 A 0.8 9.6 A 0.6 70.9 A 0.9 16.6 A 0.7 8.6 A 0.6 3.9 A 0.4 62.8 A 0.9 18.2 A 0.7 13.2 A 0.7 5.8 A 0.5 37.3 A 0.9 19.9 A 0.8 23.6 A 0.8 19.2 A 0.7 79.4 A 0.8 20.6 A 0.8
Outside Canada 36.8 A 1.7 26.4 A 1.6 24.0 A 1.6 12.8 A 1.2 45.5 A 1.8 25.6 A 1.6 19.4 A 1.5 9.6 A 1.0 74.1 A 1.6 14.1 A 1.3 7.9 A 0.8 3.9 A 0.7 63.1 A 1.7 15.5 A 1.4 14.3 A 1.3 7.1 A 0.9 43.3 A 1.7 16.2 A 1.3 20.9 A 1.5 19.5 A 1.4 72.6 A 1.6 27.4 A 1.6
0% 36.0 A 1.1 28.0 A 1.1 23.1 A 1.0 12.8 A 0.8 40.5 A 1.2 28.0 A 1.1 21.4 A 1.0 10.1 A 0.7 69.5 A 1.1 16.7 A 0.9 9.1 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.6 62.5 A 1.1 17.7 A 0.9 13.4 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.6 39.4 A 1.2 19.4 A 1.0 21.2 A 1.0 20.0 A 0.9 77.4 A 1.0 22.6 A 1.0
1% to 49% 27.0 A 2.3 35.0 A 2.5 25.5 A 2.2 12.5 A 1.5 34.5 A 2.4 31.3 A 2.4 25.4 A 2.2 8.8 A 1.3 67.6 A 2.4 19.0 A 2.0 10.5 A 1.5 2.9 A 0.7 60.5 A 2.4 15.7 A 1.6 17.9 A 2.1 5.9 A 1.1 28.9 A 2.3 21.3 A 2.1 29.6 A 2.4 20.1 A 2.0 84.1 A 2.0 15.9 A 2.0
50% 33.9 A 1.7 29.6 A 1.6 25.5 A 1.6 11.0 A 1.1 41.9 A 1.8 27.8 A 1.6 21.0 A 1.5 9.2 A 1.1 75.5 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.2 7.3 A 0.9 3.3 A 0.7 62.2 A 1.8 17.8 A 1.4 13.3 A 1.3 6.7 A 1.0 38.7 A 1.7 17.9 A 1.3 26.2 A 1.7 17.2 A 1.4 77.4 A 1.4 22.6 A 1.4
51% to 99% 26.4 B 4.2 21.1 B 3.9 35.6 C 5.8 17.0 B 4.3 33.9 B 4.7 23.1 B 4.7 26.2 C 5.3 16.8 B 4.4 72.8 C 5.2 13.7 B 4.2 7.9 B 2.9 5.7 B 2.9 62.8 C 5.4 14.8 B 3.5 18.6 C 5.0 3.7 A 1.5 42.8 C 5.4 14.2 B 3.3 20.4 B 5.0 22.6 B 4.5 82.5 B 3.5 17.5 B 3.5
100% 37.6 A 2.4 29.0 A 2.2 22.5 A 2.1 10.9 A 1.5 45.7 A 2.4 31.3 A 2.3 15.8 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.2 77.3 A 2.1 14.6 A 1.8 5.8 A 1.1 2.3 A 0.7 67.7 A 2.3 18.1 A 1.9 9.5 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.1 43.3 A 2.4 18.4 A 1.8 20.2 A 2.0 18.0 A 1.9 73.7 A 2.2 26.3 A 2.2
Potential Borrowers32.4 B 3.6 28.3 B 3.7 23.5 B 3.3 15.7 B 3.2 42.1 B 3.9 30.7 B 3.9 17.9 B 2.9 9.3 A 2.3 71.1 B 3.6 11.7 A 2.5 12.9 B 2.5 4.3 A 1.9 61.3 B 4.0 19.1 B 3.2 12.9 B 2.7 6.7 A 2.2 42.4 B 3.9 14.2 B 2.8 24.8 B 3.5 18.5 B 3.2 77.4 B 3.2 22.6 B 3.2
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
33.8 C 5.2 27.2 B 4.2 29.9 B 4.9 9.1 A 2.1 42.6 C 5.2 24.3 B 4.0 23.1 B 4.9 10.0 A 2.2 70.9 B 4.7 17.0 B 3.9 9.9 B 3.4 2.2 A 0.8 59.8 B 4.9 18.2 B 3.0 17.3 B 4.2 4.7 A 1.4 39.8 C 5.2 14.3 B 3.5 27.2 B 4.7 18.7 B 3.2 76.1 B 4.9 23.9 B 4.9
Co-operatives Co-operatives 26.3 A 1.6 37.7 A 1.8 22.8 A 1.5 13.1 A 1.3 31.9 A 1.7 33.7 A 1.8 23.6 A 1.6 10.7 A 1.3 70.6 A 1.7 16.5 A 1.4 7.2 A 1.0 5.8 A 1.0 62.6 A 1.8 18.3 A 1.4 13.1 A 1.2 6.1 A 1.0 34.3 A 1.7 21.8 A 1.5 26.0 A 1.6 18.0 A 1.5 83.9 A 1.3 16.1 A 1.3
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 23.6 A 1.8 29.6 A 2.1 32.3 A 2.1 14.6 A 1.6 27.0 A 1.9 29.9 A 2.0 24.9 A 1.9 18.2 A 1.9 52.1 A 2.2 23.4 A 1.9 16.2 A 1.6 8.3 A 1.2 40.4 A 2.1 22.4 A 1.9 24.6 A 2.0 12.6 A 1.6 13.8 A 1.4 16.6 A 1.5 30.0 A 2.1 39.6 A 2.2 92.0 A 1.1 8.0 A 1.1
Not-for-profit 28.1 A 1.2 31.0 A 1.3 27.6 A 1.4 13.4 A 0.9 33.6 A 1.3 32.4 A 1.3 24.3 A 1.3 9.7 A 0.8 71.0 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.1 8.6 A 0.9 3.3 A 0.6 65.4 A 1.4 18.5 A 1.2 11.8 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.6 34.1 A 1.3 22.2 A 1.1 20.8 A 1.2 22.8 A 1.3 84.2 A 1.0 15.8 A 1.0
Charity 30.1 A 1.7 28.2 A 1.8 26.9 A 1.9 14.7 A 1.6 45.9 A 2.0 23.1 A 1.6 22.3 A 1.6 8.6 A 1.5 80.1 A 1.5 9.8 A 1.1 6.4 A 1.0 3.7 A 0.6 68.9 A 1.9 12.0 A 1.3 12.1 A 1.5 6.9 A 0.9 38.3 A 1.9 17.1 A 1.5 22.0 A 1.8 22.6 A 1.8 78.8 A 1.5 21.2 A 1.5
For-profit 29.3 B 3.3 30.6 B 3.6 24.4 B 3.4 15.8 B 2.9 40.1 B 3.8 27.7 B 3.4 20.2 B 3.0 12.0 B 2.7 67.5 B 3.6 16.1 B 2.8 9.0 A 2.0 7.3 A 2.2 58.2 B 3.8 17.5 B 3.0 14.1 B 2.6 10.2 A 2.4 33.1 B 3.6 12.2 A 2.2 29.2 B 3.6 25.5 B 3.4 83.8 B 2.8 16.2 B 2.8
33.5 A 0.9 29.3 A 0.8 24.6 A 0.8 12.7 A 0.6 39.1 A 0.9 28.9 A 0.8 22.2 A 0.8 9.9 A 0.5 70.6 A 0.8 16.4 A 0.7 9.0 A 0.5 4.0 A 0.4 61.1 A 0.9 18.4 A 0.7 13.9 A 0.7 6.6 A 0.5 36.3 A 0.9 19.9 A 0.7 23.6 A 0.8 20.1 A 0.7 79.2 A 0.7 20.8 A 0.7
42.1 A 2.3 27.4 A 2.0 20.9 A 2.0 9.7 A 1.4 50.8 A 2.3 26.8 A 2.1 14.5 A 1.4 7.8 A 1.2 78.4 A 1.9 13.2 A 1.6 5.0 A 0.8 3.4 A 0.9 73.8 A 1.9 12.1 A 1.4 10.9 A 1.3 3.3 A 0.8 54.3 A 2.3 13.3 A 1.3 18.8 A 1.8 13.7 A 1.6 68.4 A 2.2 31.6 A 2.2
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per
year
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 35: Intellectual Property AwarenessSurvey question(s):
I.21. How familiar are you with the following types of Intellectual Property? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.21 is applicable to all respondents that were not a franchise.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
Region
Registered trade-marks
Very familiar
Degree of familiarity with types of intellectual property
Not familiar Slightly familiar Moderately familiar Very familiarNot familiar Moderately familiar
Patents Registered industrial designs
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Familiar with at
least one type of
intellectual property
Trade secrets
Not familiar Slightly familiar Moderately familiar
Not familiar with
any type of
intellectual property
Social Enterprises
Slightly familiar Moderately familiar Very familiar Not familiar Slightly familiar Very familiar Not familiar Slightly familiar Moderately familiar Very familiar
Non-disclosure agreements
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 8.9 A 0.4 1.5 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.2 5.1 A 0.3 20.5 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.3 26.9 A 0.7
1 to 4 employees 5.1 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.2 3.8 A 0.5 17.2 A 0.9 2.3 A 0.4 22.3 A 1.0
5 to 19 employees 10.5 A 0.8 1.9 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.3 5.9 A 0.5 20.5 A 1.1 2.7 A 0.5 28.3 A 1.2
20 to 99 employees 21.6 A 1.7 3.4 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.3 8.4 A 0.9 34.2 A 1.8 1.2 A 0.3 43.4 A 2.0
100 to 499 employees 37.2 B 3.4 14.5 A 2.2 6.9 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.7 54.8 B 3.5 5.4 A 1.9 66.1 B 3.5
Atlantic 4.9 A 1.0 0.4 A 0.1 0.2 A 0.1 3.0 A 0.7 12.0 A 1.6 2.1 A 0.9 17.6 A 1.9
Quebec 8.3 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.3 5.1 A 0.8 16.9 A 1.3 2.6 A 0.8 23.4 A 1.6
Ontario 10.7 A 0.7 2.0 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.1 6.3 A 0.5 25.8 A 1.2 2.9 A 0.5 32.9 A 1.2
Northern Ontario 8.8 A 1.6 1.3 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.4 8.4 A 1.7 21.5 A 2.4 2.0 A 0.9 30.4 B 2.8
Southern Ontario 10.8 A 0.8 2.0 A 0.2 0.8 A 0.1 6.2 A 0.5 26.1 A 1.2 3.0 A 0.5 33.1 A 1.3
Prairies 9.1 A 1.0 1.7 A 0.5 1.5 A 0.6 4.2 A 0.7 19.3 A 1.4 1.5 A 0.5 26.5 A 1.5
Manitoba 10.7 A 2.1 1.3 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.2 4.4 A 1.5 14.7 B 2.5 2.5 A 1.4 22.9 B 3.0
Saskatchewan 4.1 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.3 3.0 A 1.2 9.0 A 1.7 2.1 A 0.9 13.2 A 2.0
Alberta 9.9 A 1.4 1.9 A 0.7 2.1 A 0.8 4.4 A 0.9 22.8 A 1.9 1.1 A 0.6 30.4 A 2.1
British Columbia and Territories 7.3 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.4 0.7 A 0.4 4.5 A 0.9 18.6 A 1.7 2.2 A 0.6 23.2 A 1.8
St. John's 17.3 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.8 B 3.6 14.6 C 5.7 2.8 B 2.7 31.6 D 8.7
Halifax 8.7 B 3.1 1.0 A 0.5 0.1 A 0.1 6.6 B 2.9 30.2 C 6.2 1.3 A 1.3 35.9 C 6.4
Quebec 6.0 A 2.3 1.4 A 0.9 2.6 A 1.2 4.3 A 1.6 13.6 B 3.5 1.3 A 1.0 17.1 B 4.0
Montreal 11.4 A 1.6 1.3 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.5 7.3 A 1.5 25.5 B 2.5 2.8 A 1.0 33.2 B 2.8
Ottawa-Gatineau 13.0 B 2.9 1.4 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.3 6.1 A 1.9 26.1 B 4.4 0.4 A 0.3 32.1 B 4.7
Toronto 12.4 A 1.3 2.3 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.2 6.4 A 0.8 30.6 A 2.0 3.1 A 0.7 37.4 A 2.1
Kingston 12.8 B 3.7 4.5 A 2.4 3.9 A 2.4 7.2 B 2.8 23.3 B 4.3 1.4 A 0.9 30.6 B 4.7
Hamilton 12.8 B 4.8 1.5 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.4 7.1 B 3.4 26.5 C 6.0 15.3 C 6.2 36.8 C 6.7
St. Catharines-Niagara 6.9 A 2.1 2.1 A 1.1 0.1 A 0.1 9.1 B 3.2 19.8 B 4.3 1.3 A 1.1 26.1 B 4.8
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 9.4 B 2.7 2.2 A 1.0 0.7 A 0.5 4.1 A 1.6 31.7 C 5.5 1.8 A 1.2 36.6 C 5.7
London 8.0 A 2.5 2.4 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.6 A 1.8 19.5 B 4.6 2.9 A 1.8 23.2 B 4.8
Windsor 5.8 A 2.5 2.0 A 1.5 2.0 A 1.5 8.9 B 2.7 26.7 C 5.2 4.5 A 2.4 30.7 C 5.2
Thunder Bay 11.4 B 3.8 1.1 A 0.7 0.0 A 0.0 7.5 B 3.1 20.7 C 5.4 1.2 A 1.2 31.6 C 5.8
Winnipeg 12.0 B 3.0 1.0 A 0.7 0.1 A 0.1 4.8 A 2.2 17.8 B 3.5 3.8 A 2.0 26.2 B 4.1
Calgary 10.3 A 2.3 1.4 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.3 4.0 A 1.8 30.8 B 3.9 2.6 A 1.7 36.2 B 4.0
Edmonton 9.7 B 2.6 1.8 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.7 4.5 A 1.9 18.5 B 3.3 1.0 A 0.6 28.1 B 4.0
Vancouver 10.7 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.9 6.1 A 1.6 21.5 B 2.7 3.1 A 1.0 28.2 B 2.8
Victoria 5.7 B 2.8 1.8 A 1.1 0.0 A 0.0 7.2 B 3.6 22.0 C 6.4 2.0 A 2.0 26.2 C 6.8
3.9 A 1.1 0.9 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.9 A 0.9 7.1 A 1.3 0.4 A 0.2 10.5 A 1.6
4.0 A 0.9 0.5 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.6 2.7 A 0.6 10.9 A 1.4 0.6 A 0.3 15.5 A 1.6
19.7 A 1.5 9.1 A 1.1 3.8 A 0.7 16.4 A 1.6 31.6 A 1.9 1.6 A 0.5 43.0 A 2.1
23.3 A 2.0 4.7 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.4 9.9 A 1.4 29.3 A 2.1 3.1 A 0.9 42.1 A 2.3
14.2 A 1.8 1.1 A 0.5 1.0 A 0.5 4.2 A 1.2 13.1 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.7 23.5 A 2.2
3.1 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.6 5.7 A 1.4 11.2 A 1.7 1.3 A 0.8 13.3 A 1.7
9.7 A 1.3 1.5 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.6 7.8 A 1.1 46.2 A 2.3 6.4 A 1.2 50.5 A 2.3
13.2 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.3 4.0 A 0.9 8.0 A 1.4 0.5 A 0.3 18.9 A 2.1
5.8 A 1.1 0.1 A 0.1 0.4 A 0.2 2.3 A 0.6 10.1 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.6 15.8 A 1.7
6.1 A 0.9 0.6 A 0.3 0.1 A 0.1 2.9 A 0.7 22.4 A 1.9 3.4 A 0.9 28.0 A 2.1
Tourism 12.6 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.3 0.4 A 0.3 4.7 A 1.2 14.0 A 2.1 0.8 A 0.4 22.8 A 2.3
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
12.6 A 2.2 3.8 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.6 14.8 A 2.3 59.3 B 3.3 7.6 A 1.7 61.8 B 3.3
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 12.5 B 3.1 4.8 A 1.8 4.6 A 2.4 14.5 B 3.3 43.0 C 5.2 2.7 A 0.9 47.3 C 5.3
Rural 6.5 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.3 0.4 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.5 13.2 A 1.4 1.2 A 0.4 18.5 A 1.4
Urban 9.5 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.2 5.5 A 0.4 22.3 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.3 29.0 A 0.8
Exporter 23.0 A 1.9 7.3 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.4 15.8 A 1.6 43.4 A 2.2 8.1 A 1.6 55.3 A 2.2
Non-exporter 7.0 A 0.4 0.7 A 0.1 0.7 A 0.2 3.6 A 0.3 17.3 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.2 23.0 A 0.7
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 14.7 A 2.1 3.1 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.4 9.8 A 1.8 36.5 B 3.0 7.7 A 2.0 42.5 B 3.1
11.1 A 1.5 1.8 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.9 22.3 A 2.1 3.1 A 1.3 30.8 A 2.4
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 8.9 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.2 5.0 A 0.5 19.3 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4 26.1 A 1.1
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 6.5 A 0.9 0.7 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.4 4.7 A 0.8 14.9 A 1.5 2.0 A 0.5 20.2 A 1.6
8.4 A 1.2 2.0 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.8 3.9 A 0.8 21.3 A 2.1 0.9 A 0.3 26.7 A 2.3
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 7.0 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 4.2 A 1.0 20.1 A 2.2 1.9 A 0.9 26.9 A 2.4
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 8.6 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.3 5.1 A 0.6 23.4 A 1.4 3.2 A 0.6 29.2 A 1.4
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 8.4 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.4 5.5 A 0.7 18.7 A 1.2 2.3 A 0.5 24.8 A 1.3
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 10.3 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.1 5.0 A 0.5 19.0 A 1.1 1.8 A 0.5 26.4 A 1.2
17.3 A 1.3 4.3 A 0.6 2.3 A 0.6 12.7 A 1.2 34.0 A 1.8 5.5 A 1.0 44.2 A 1.9
16.5 A 1.5 4.0 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.8 13.6 A 1.5 35.2 A 2.1 4.8 A 0.9 44.0 A 2.2
15.4 A 1.6 2.7 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.8 13.1 A 1.7 37.0 A 2.3 4.6 A 1.0 45.6 A 2.3
15.5 A 1.5 2.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.6 10.9 A 1.3 31.3 A 2.1 3.6 A 0.8 40.3 A 2.2
14.5 A 0.9 3.4 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.4 10.3 A 0.8 31.1 A 1.3 4.1 A 0.7 39.9 A 1.4
6.4 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.1 0.4 A 0.1 2.8 A 0.3 15.7 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.3 21.1 A 0.8
Holds IP 33.1 A 1.4 5.7 A 0.6 3.3 A 0.6 18.9 A 1.1 76.0 A 1.3 8.9 A 1.0 100.0 A 0.0
Holds Formal IP 92.5 A 1.3 16.0 A 1.6 9.3 A 1.5 19.2 A 1.7 51.3 A 2.4 5.7 A 1.2 100.0 A 0.0
No IP 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0
Familiar with at least one type of IP 10.8 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.2 6.3 A 0.4 25.7 A 0.8 2.9 A 0.3 33.2 A 0.9
Not familiar with any type of IP 2.3 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.6 5.0 A 0.9
Procurement Did business with Federal government 27.1 B 2.5 10.6 A 1.9 5.8 A 1.5 16.0 A 2.1 54.1 B 2.9 4.1 A 1.2 63.5 B 2.8
<30 years old 3.8 A 1.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.5 A 1.9 11.8 B 3.4 3.6 A 1.5 17.8 B 3.9
30 to 39 years old 7.0 A 1.0 0.7 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 4.2 A 0.8 18.5 A 1.8 2.3 A 0.7 23.6 A 1.9
40 to 49 years old 9.7 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.3 6.0 A 0.7 24.0 A 1.5 2.9 A 0.6 31.0 A 1.6
50 to 64 years old 9.3 A 0.7 1.5 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.3 4.8 A 0.5 19.5 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.4 25.5 A 1.0
65+ years old 8.8 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.2 5.6 A 0.9 20.4 A 2.0 3.1 A 1.2 29.1 A 2.2
Less than high school 4.9 A 1.3 2.2 A 1.0 1.4 A 1.0 2.8 A 0.8 5.6 A 1.2 0.2 A 0.2 10.3 A 1.7
High school 5.0 A 0.6 1.0 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.4 3.3 A 0.6 9.8 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.3 14.8 A 1.2
College/Cegep/Trade School 8.3 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.2 0.5 A 0.1 4.5 A 0.5 16.9 A 1.1 1.9 A 0.4 23.9 A 1.3
Bachelor's degree 12.0 A 0.9 2.2 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.2 6.1 A 0.7 30.3 A 1.6 3.8 A 0.8 38.4 A 1.7
Master's degree or above 12.8 A 1.5 2.4 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.5 8.4 A 1.2 34.5 A 2.2 4.6 A 1.1 40.4 A 2.2
In Canada 8.7 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.2 5.2 A 0.4 19.8 A 0.7 2.4 A 0.3 25.9 A 0.8
Outside Canada 9.7 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.3 5.0 A 0.7 22.6 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.6 30.1 A 1.7
0% 8.6 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.3 5.4 A 0.5 20.0 A 0.9 2.5 A 0.4 26.3 A 1.0
1% to 49% 11.3 A 1.3 2.5 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.2 5.4 A 0.8 25.1 A 2.2 1.6 A 0.5 31.2 A 2.3
50% 8.8 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 4.5 A 0.7 21.6 A 1.5 1.6 A 0.4 27.9 A 1.6
51% to 99% 12.9 B 2.9 2.4 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.5 2.4 A 0.9 24.2 B 4.9 3.6 B 2.9 31.0 C 5.1
100% 8.0 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.3 0.2 A 0.1 5.0 A 1.1 16.3 A 1.8 3.9 A 1.0 24.2 A 2.1
Potential Borrowers7.3 A 1.8 0.8 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.3 3.4 A 1.1 21.5 B 3.4 2.4 A 1.6 28.0 B 3.6
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
8.6 A 2.3 0.8 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 5.0 A 1.9 23.6 B 4.5 0.9 A 0.6 26.5 B 4.6
Co-operatives Co-operatives 18.0 A 1.5 2.0 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.7 6.2 A 1.0 25.4 A 1.7 2.5 A 0.7 33.0 A 1.8
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 32.0 A 2.2 20.9 A 1.9 9.2 A 1.3 23.8 A 2.0 57.6 A 2.2 6.4 A 1.2 65.1 A 2.1
Not-for-profit 9.3 A 0.8 1.8 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.2 1.9 A 0.3 24.9 A 1.3 5.0 A 0.5 33.1 A 1.4
Charity 13.1 A 1.0 0.4 A 0.1 0.4 A 0.1 0.4 A 0.1 21.2 A 1.7 3.6 A 0.6 31.8 A 1.8
For-profit 12.7 A 2.3 2.1 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.4 6.9 A 1.4 29.6 B 3.7 6.7 A 2.4 38.4 B 3.8
9.5 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.2 5.6 A 0.4 21.8 A 0.7 2.4 A 0.3 28.3 A 0.8
5.5 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.1 0.3 A 0.2 2.1 A 0.5 12.4 A 1.5 2.7 A 1.2 18.7 A 1.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Age of Business
CMA Level
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Table 36: Intellectual PropertySurvey question(s):
I.22. As of December 2017, did your business hold any…? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
I.22 is applicable to all respondents that were not a franchise.
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Held at least one
type of intellectual
propertyRegistered trade-
marksPatents
Any other type of
intellectual property
protection
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Special industry
aggregations
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Employment Size
Region
Trade secretsNon-disclosure
agreements
Registered industrial
designs
Types of intellectual property
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 2.9 A 0.4 92.2 A 0.7 84.0 A 0.9 86.2 A 0.7
1 to 4 employees 4.8 A 0.5 88.6 A 1.3 80.3 A 1.7 81.9 A 1.3
5 to 19 employees 2.4 A 0.8 92.9 A 1.1 82.1 A 1.5 82.8 A 1.4
20 to 99 employees 0.0 A 0.0 95.5 A 0.8 89.1 A 2.0 95.2 A 0.7
100 to 499 employees 7.5 B 3.1 90.4 B 3.3 89.4 B 3.1 89.5 B 3.1
Atlantic 2.9 A 0.7 92.3 B 2.8 90.8 B 2.8 94.2 A 1.1
Quebec 2.5 A 0.6 91.9 A 0.9 75.2 A 1.5 87.2 A 1.0
Ontario 4.8 A 1.5 90.0 A 2.1 88.4 A 2.2 78.5 A 2.4
Northern Ontario 0.0 A 0.0 95.9 A 0.8 94.1 B 3.2 74.0 C 5.3
Southern Ontario 5.7 A 1.8 89.0 A 2.5 87.4 B 2.5 79.3 B 2.7
Prairies 2.5 A 0.2 96.2 A 0.3 96.2 A 0.3 88.1 A 1.1
Manitoba 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Saskatchewan 0.0 A 0.0 88.0 A 1.7 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Alberta 3.8 A 0.4 96.2 A 0.4 94.2 A 0.5 81.9 A 1.6
British Columbia and Territories 1.3 A 0.4 93.7 A 1.0 95.1 A 0.8 87.1 A 1.5
St. John's 8.2 B 3.0 91.8 B 3.0 84.6 B 3.7 75.7 C 5.6
Halifax 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 88.6 B 5.0 100.0 A 0.0
Quebec 0.0 A 0.0 91.4 A 2.5 73.1 B 4.8 91.4 A 2.5
Montreal 0.0 A 0.0 94.8 A 1.2 70.9 B 3.0 91.2 A 1.5
Ottawa-Gatineau 17.5 C 5.9 82.5 C 5.9 82.5 C 5.9 68.2 C 7.4
Toronto 0.0 A 0.0 95.7 A 2.4 92.8 A 2.5 85.6 B 3.6
Kingston 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Hamilton 22.3 E 14.8 55.5 E 14.9 55.5 E 14.9 77.7 E 14.8
St. Catharines-Niagara 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 50.2 F 19.9 50.2 F 19.9
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 6.6 A 1.2 83.9 C 5.0 93.4 A 1.2 83.9 C 5.0
London 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 77.3 E 10.7
Windsor 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 0.0 A 0.0 83.0 B 3.8 100.0 A 0.0 58.6 E 10.1
Winnipeg 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Calgary 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 93.1 A 1.0
Edmonton 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 72.5 C 7.2
Vancouver 4.1 A 1.4 83.7 B 2.7 91.9 A 1.9 92.3 A 1.5
Victoria 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 59.2 C 7.3
0.0 A 0.0 87.9 C 6.2 91.6 A 1.6 91.6 A 1.6
5.1 B 2.8 90.9 B 3.1 87.4 B 3.3 91.3 B 2.9
10.2 A 2.1 89.8 A 2.1 89.8 A 2.1 79.5 B 3.7
0.0 A 0.0 75.7 B 4.4 88.5 A 1.9 75.7 B 4.4
0.9 A 0.1 98.1 A 0.2 97.1 A 0.4 93.2 A 1.3
12.5 D 8.9 82.8 D 8.6 82.8 D 8.6 78.2 D 8.3
11.8 C 6.2 80.5 C 6.3 77.3 C 6.2 81.9 C 6.0
9.3 C 5.1 47.8 D 9.4 73.0 E 11.5 81.3 C 6.9
1.6 A 0.2 95.5 A 0.8 85.7 A 1.6 84.3 A 2.2
2.2 A 0.3 93.4 A 0.7 80.2 A 1.4 85.8 A 0.9
Tourism 10.8 B 4.4 73.7 C 5.3 81.6 C 5.4 82.2 B 4.4
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 6.6 A 1.4 77.2 C 5.7 77.2 C 5.7 93.4 A 1.4
Rural 2.6 A 0.5 93.0 A 1.5 85.2 A 1.8 87.4 A 1.3
Urban 3.0 A 0.6 92.0 A 0.8 83.6 A 1.1 85.9 A 0.9
Exporter 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 94.2 A 1.2 94.2 A 1.2
Non-exporter 3.0 A 0.5 92.0 A 0.7 83.7 A 0.9 86.0 A 0.7
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 4.9 A 1.0 89.1 A 2.4 95.1 A 1.0 88.4 B 2.8
0.0 A 0.0 96.9 A 1.1 91.3 A 2.0 91.7 A 1.8
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 2.7 A 0.6 92.4 A 0.8 85.4 A 1.2 88.4 A 0.8
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 3.8 A 1.4 92.2 A 1.6 80.0 A 2.0 77.0 A 2.4
2.7 A 0.9 89.7 B 3.3 73.1 B 4.0 86.5 A 2.0
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 5.7 A 2.1 88.8 A 2.3 82.3 B 3.1 79.6 B 3.2
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 1.3 A 0.2 94.0 A 0.6 87.4 A 1.4 88.2 A 0.9
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 3.0 A 0.6 92.1 A 1.0 82.5 A 1.3 86.8 A 0.9
4.3 A 1.5 92.6 A 1.8 80.2 A 2.2 86.5 A 1.8
1.1 A 0.2 92.9 B 2.6 87.9 B 2.6 90.0 A 1.8
3.5 A 1.3 89.6 A 2.2 77.8 B 2.9 88.6 A 2.1
3.7 A 1.7 90.5 B 2.7 81.4 B 2.9 87.5 A 2.1
3.0 A 0.9 92.7 A 1.3 82.5 A 1.7 88.5 A 1.3
2.9 A 0.4 91.8 A 0.6 84.8 A 0.9 84.4 A 0.8
Holds IP 3.5 A 1.2 93.0 A 1.4 84.4 A 1.7 84.2 A 1.6
Holds Formal IP 10.3 B 3.3 89.7 B 3.3 85.1 B 3.4 75.5 B 3.3
No IP 2.6 A 0.3 91.8 A 0.8 83.6 A 1.1 87.0 A 0.7
Familiar with at least one type of IP 2.6 A 0.5 92.6 A 0.8 84.3 A 1.0 86.5 A 0.8
Not familiar with any type of IP 4.4 A 0.9 90.0 A 1.3 81.6 A 2.0 84.1 A 1.7
Procurement Did business with Federal government .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
<30 years old 6.7 A 1.5 93.3 A 1.5 77.0 C 6.0 68.3 E 10.7
30 to 39 years old 5.5 A 2.5 89.1 B 2.6 83.4 B 2.9 92.0 A 2.5
40 to 49 years old 0.0 A 0.0 93.5 A 0.8 84.2 A 2.2 89.5 A 1.3
50 to 64 years old 3.4 A 0.7 91.7 A 1.1 83.6 A 1.3 84.2 A 1.1
65+ years old 3.1 A 0.6 93.6 A 1.6 85.6 A 1.9 85.5 A 1.4
Less than high school 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 81.0 D 8.7 73.5 B 3.7
High school 7.4 B 3.2 89.1 B 3.3 79.6 B 4.2 71.3 B 3.6
College/Cegep/Trade School 1.0 A 0.2 92.1 A 1.3 85.1 A 1.7 90.9 A 1.0
Bachelor's degree 2.5 A 0.3 94.0 A 0.9 84.7 A 1.3 89.1 A 0.9
Master's degree or above 4.4 A 1.4 90.1 A 1.6 83.0 A 2.1 81.5 A 2.0
In Canada 2.4 A 0.4 93.0 A 0.6 85.0 A 0.9 87.3 A 0.7
Outside Canada 8.8 B 3.7 82.3 B 4.8 71.5 B 4.8 73.5 B 4.3
0% 3.9 A 0.9 91.0 A 1.1 80.9 A 1.5 88.2 A 1.2
1% to 49% 1.7 A 0.2 94.3 A 0.8 87.9 A 1.4 87.6 A 1.5
50% 2.6 A 0.4 86.5 A 2.5 87.3 A 2.5 83.2 A 2.3
51% to 99% 2.8 A 0.8 96.1 A 1.0 83.4 A 1.9 83.8 A 1.6
100% 0.0 A 0.0 98.2 A 0.3 88.3 B 4.0 84.2 A 2.2
Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 97.8 A 0.3 88.0 A 1.9 84.6 B 2.6
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
10.5 A 2.1 89.5 A 2.1 74.5 C 7.3 89.5 A 2.1
Co-operatives Co-operatives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Not-for-profit 4.0 A 0.6 90.1 A 0.9 79.3 A 1.2 82.5 A 1.0
Charity 0.5 A 0.2 97.0 A 0.5 94.4 A 0.7 94.6 A 0.7
For-profit .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.8 A 0.5 92.1 A 0.7 83.7 A 0.9 86.2 A 0.8
4.3 A 1.5 95.7 A 1.5 91.8 A 1.7 87.5 A 2.3
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective
sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 37: Social Enterprises - MissionSurvey question(s):
A.3. Does you business …? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
Notes:
A.3 a) is applicable to all respondents that are social enterprises; b) and c) are applicable to all social enterprises which responded yes to a)
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Intellectual Property
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Age of Business
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business practices,
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Social Enterprises
Focuses its business
activities on carrying
out mission
Reinvests its
surpluses to further
mission
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Employment Size
Region
CMA Level
DOES NOT have a
clear social,
environmental or
cultural mission,
focuses its business
activities on carrying
out mission or
reinvests its
surpluses to further
mission
Has a clear, social
environmental or
cultural mission
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and Social
Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Export Status
% Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE % Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 94.9 A 0.5 9.6 A 0.7 77.3 A 0.9
1 to 4 employees 95.5 A 0.6 15.1 A 2.0 69.0 A 1.7
5 to 19 employees 95.8 A 0.9 8.6 A 1.0 79.0 A 1.5
20 to 99 employees 94.8 A 0.8 6.6 A 0.8 84.1 A 1.6
100 to 499 employees 89.1 B 3.2 6.9 A 1.4 74.7 B 3.4
Atlantic 98.5 A 0.5 21.6 B 4.4 71.0 B 4.4
Quebec 93.6 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.8 80.2 A 1.2
Ontario 97.0 A 1.4 10.8 A 1.8 79.0 A 2.2
Northern Ontario 100.0 A 0.0 12.4 A 1.8 85.8 B 3.5
Southern Ontario 96.4 A 1.6 10.5 A 2.0 77.8 B 2.5
Prairies 94.3 A 1.1 9.3 A 0.9 66.8 A 1.6
Manitoba 94.1 A 2.0 17.2 B 2.8 75.2 B 4.3
Saskatchewan 88.0 A 1.7 13.4 B 4.1 49.3 B 4.4
Alberta 95.3 A 1.5 5.8 A 0.5 66.5 A 1.8
British Columbia and Territories 93.8 A 0.9 7.7 A 1.2 76.7 A 1.9
St. John's 100.0 A 0.0 8.2 B 3.0 83.8 B 4.4
Halifax 100.0 A 0.0 38.1 F 16.5 50.7 F 16.3
Quebec 96.8 A 1.8 6.4 A 2.5 83.6 B 3.1
Montreal 93.3 A 1.4 5.2 A 1.2 84.5 A 2.0
Ottawa-Gatineau 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 72.3 D 7.9
Toronto 97.0 A 0.6 10.2 B 2.6 63.4 C 7.0
Kingston 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Hamilton 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
St. Catharines-Niagara 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 93.3 A 1.3 6.7 A 1.3 74.3 C 6.5
London 100.0 A 0.0 22.7 E 10.7 84.2 B 3.9
Windsor 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 83.0 B 3.8
Winnipeg 89.1 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 64.2 C 6.9
Calgary 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 72.3 A 2.2
Edmonton 100.0 A 0.0 11.2 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0
Vancouver 91.9 A 1.9 9.4 B 3.1 76.3 B 2.8
Victoria 79.5 C 6.2 20.5 C 6.2 41.0 C 7.3
91.6 A 1.6 24.2 D 7.7 62.6 C 6.4
100.0 A 0.0 9.2 B 3.2 83.4 B 3.7
75.0 C 7.3 0.0 A 0.0 85.3 C 7.4
88.5 A 1.9 23.0 B 3.1 64.2 B 5.0
93.4 A 1.2 14.6 A 2.1 81.9 A 1.7
82.8 D 8.6 0.0 A 0.0 59.1 D 7.8
96.8 A 0.6 3.2 A 0.6 68.2 C 6.4
100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 57.1 E 10.2
95.7 A 1.1 10.7 A 2.4 84.5 A 1.7
95.7 A 0.7 8.9 A 0.9 76.3 A 1.2
Tourism 92.4 B 4.2 7.3 A 1.8 64.1 B 4.9
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 93.4 A 1.4 6.6 A 1.4 52.4 D 8.9
Rural 95.1 A 0.9 10.5 A 2.0 79.5 A 2.2
Urban 94.8 A 0.6 9.4 A 0.7 76.6 A 1.0
Exporter 94.2 A 1.1 0.0 A 0.0 72.7 D 9.5
Non-exporter 94.9 A 0.6 9.9 A 0.7 77.4 A 0.9
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 100.0 A 0.0 11.7 B 2.8 80.0 B 3.5
96.9 A 1.0 8.1 B 2.9 78.0 A 2.3
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 94.5 A 0.7 11.0 A 1.0 77.5 A 1.2
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 97.6 A 0.6 9.8 A 1.1 76.3 A 2.4
88.7 B 2.7 4.1 A 2.4 76.5 B 3.0
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 95.1 A 1.3 4.5 A 1.1 82.8 B 2.6
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 97.5 A 0.5 8.1 A 1.2 79.7 A 1.5
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 93.4 A 0.9 11.8 A 1.1 74.5 A 1.2
93.6 A 1.4 4.8 A 1.3 85.9 A 1.8
95.5 A 1.3 8.1 B 2.8 92.0 A 1.4
95.5 A 0.9 6.3 A 1.9 89.0 A 1.7
97.3 A 0.7 9.4 A 2.1 85.7 B 2.5
95.6 A 0.9 6.1 A 1.1 86.1 A 1.4
94.3 A 0.7 12.1 A 0.9 70.5 A 1.2
Holds IP 93.9 A 1.0 8.4 A 0.9 81.0 A 1.6
Holds Formal IP 85.8 B 2.7 11.5 A 1.8 77.2 B 2.9
No IP 95.3 A 0.6 10.2 A 1.0 75.2 A 1.1
Familiar with at least one type of IP 94.3 A 0.6 8.2 A 0.8 78.4 A 1.0
Not familiar with any type of IP 97.4 A 0.6 16.2 A 1.7 71.0 A 2.4
Procurement Did business with Federal government .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
<30 years old 100.0 A 0.0 9.6 C 5.2 77.0 C 6.0
30 to 39 years old 93.1 A 1.4 8.4 A 1.5 85.4 A 2.2
40 to 49 years old 95.6 A 1.4 9.2 A 1.6 78.9 A 2.0
50 to 64 years old 93.3 A 0.9 9.0 A 0.9 75.3 A 1.4
65+ years old 98.3 A 0.6 12.4 A 2.1 75.1 A 2.0
Less than high school 73.6 B 3.7 0.0 A 0.0 26.5 B 3.7
High school 90.8 B 3.2 11.9 A 1.6 65.0 B 3.8
College/Cegep/Trade School 94.8 A 0.8 14.6 A 1.7 74.7 A 1.7
Bachelor's degree 94.9 A 1.0 7.9 A 1.1 77.7 A 1.5
Master's degree or above 97.3 A 0.6 6.2 A 1.0 86.3 A 1.5
In Canada 95.0 A 0.6 9.8 A 0.8 76.6 A 1.0
Outside Canada 93.9 A 1.6 7.4 A 2.3 85.0 B 2.7
0% 95.0 A 0.8 11.2 A 1.2 76.8 A 1.5
1% to 49% 97.9 A 0.7 6.5 A 1.2 80.2 A 1.7
50% 91.4 A 2.1 10.4 A 2.1 75.9 B 2.7
51% to 99% 94.6 A 1.0 5.0 A 0.9 80.9 A 1.8
100% 96.4 A 0.4 16.6 B 3.7 68.1 B 3.4
Potential Borrowers96.9 A 1.7 10.7 A 2.4 67.6 B 3.8
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
89.5 A 2.1 22.2 B 4.8 73.3 D 7.7
Co-operatives Co-operatives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Not-for-profit 94.2 A 0.7 8.6 A 0.8 74.0 A 1.2
Charity 96.5 A 0.5 12.3 A 1.4 84.8 A 1.1
For-profit .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
94.9 A 0.6 9.2 A 0.7 77.9 A 0.9
96.1 A 0.6 22.9 C 6.9 59.8 C 5.0
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism,
ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Female Ownership
Age of Business
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Innovation
Activities developed
or introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
Intellectual Property
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Social Enterprises
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Special industry
aggregations
Location
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 38: Social Enterprises - General InformationSurvey question(s):
K.1. Is your business …? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)
K.2 Does your business evaluate its social, environmental or cultural impact in the community and report its findings to your staff, investors or clients?
Notes:
K.1 & K.2 are applicable to all respondents that are social enterprises and responded yes to A.3 a)
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Business type Evaluates its social,
environmental or
cultural impact in
the community
Stand-alone entityOwned by a parent
entity
Employment Size
Region
CMA Level
%
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 44.3 A 1.1 25.5 A 0.9 17.5 A 0.9 12.7 A 0.8 17.2 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.7 15.1 A 0.8 55.6 A 1.1
1 to 4 employees 56.4 A 2.2 27.5 A 1.8 13.5 A 1.7 2.5 A 1.1 18.7 A 1.8 8.9 A 1.1 11.8 A 1.7 60.6 A 2.2
5 to 19 employees 40.2 A 1.8 28.0 A 1.6 19.3 A 1.5 12.5 A 1.3 24.3 A 1.7 12.7 A 1.0 13.6 A 1.2 49.4 A 1.8
20 to 99 employees 38.3 A 2.3 20.6 A 1.7 21.6 A 1.8 19.5 A 1.9 8.7 A 2.1 15.8 A 1.6 18.1 A 1.7 57.3 A 2.4
100 to 499 employees 44.9 B 3.3 21.5 B 2.5 9.5 A 2.0 24.1 A 2.0 3.7 A 1.2 8.1 A 1.1 23.3 A 2.2 64.9 B 2.7
Atlantic 31.0 B 4.7 29.0 B 4.4 23.4 B 4.4 16.6 B 3.1 38.1 C 5.1 8.5 A 1.3 15.8 B 3.8 37.6 B 4.5
Quebec 52.8 A 1.6 27.5 A 1.3 15.4 A 1.3 4.3 A 0.7 12.6 A 1.3 13.7 A 1.0 15.1 A 1.1 58.6 A 1.6
Ontario 42.8 B 3.0 17.9 A 2.1 15.0 A 2.3 24.3 B 2.7 15.4 A 2.5 8.8 A 1.9 15.8 A 2.0 59.9 B 3.0
Northern Ontario 53.2 C 6.3 12.4 A 1.8 18.4 B 3.7 16.1 B 4.4 10.0 B 3.3 11.8 B 4.4 12.4 A 1.8 65.7 C 5.6
Southern Ontario 40.9 B 3.3 18.9 A 2.5 14.3 B 2.6 25.8 B 3.0 16.4 B 2.8 8.3 A 2.1 16.4 A 2.3 58.9 B 3.4
Prairies 37.4 A 1.9 20.9 A 1.7 25.9 A 1.3 15.9 A 1.2 22.7 A 1.5 11.5 A 0.7 10.4 A 0.8 55.4 A 1.7
Manitoba 54.3 B 4.1 29.1 B 3.7 10.6 A 1.2 6.0 A 2.0 13.6 B 4.2 16.5 A 2.3 5.9 A 2.0 64.0 B 4.3
Saskatchewan 49.3 B 4.4 38.7 B 4.7 12.0 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 24.0 B 2.6 12.0 A 1.7 13.4 B 4.1 50.7 B 4.4
Alberta 29.3 A 2.2 15.1 A 2.0 33.6 A 1.9 22.0 A 1.6 25.7 A 1.7 9.6 A 0.7 11.6 A 0.8 53.0 A 2.1
British Columbia and Territories 30.3 A 1.9 32.0 A 2.0 17.9 A 1.6 19.8 A 1.8 16.1 A 1.8 14.8 A 1.3 17.6 A 1.9 51.5 A 2.2
St. John's 35.1 E 10.8 24.3 C 5.6 8.2 B 3.0 32.5 C 6.7 31.6 C 6.4 16.2 B 4.4 27.9 E 11.8 24.3 C 5.6
Halifax 22.7 D 8.3 37.9 F 16.5 0.0 A 0.0 39.4 F 16.5 49.2 F 16.2 0.0 A 0.0 11.5 C 5.1 39.3 F 16.6
Quebec 37.1 B 4.4 28.0 B 4.1 26.7 C 5.1 8.3 B 4.5 11.4 B 4.7 12.3 A 2.2 21.4 B 4.7 54.9 C 5.1
Montreal 49.9 B 3.0 26.3 B 2.5 17.6 A 2.0 6.2 A 1.2 12.1 B 2.6 13.4 A 2.0 21.6 A 2.4 52.9 B 3.1
Ottawa-Gatineau 24.7 C 6.6 55.6 E 10.6 19.7 E 12.8 0.0 A 0.0 7.2 A 1.7 10.4 C 5.6 19.7 E 12.8 62.8 E 11.3
Toronto 36.1 D 7.5 36.6 C 7.0 12.8 B 4.0 14.5 B 3.6 19.6 C 6.4 15.7 B 4.1 17.1 B 4.6 47.6 C 7.4
Kingston 58.8 E 14.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 41.2 E 14.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Hamilton 76.4 D 9.5 0.0 A 0.0 11.8 C 6.7 11.9 C 6.7 22.3 E 14.8 0.0 A 0.0 11.8 C 6.7 66.0 E 14.6
St. Catharines-Niagara 49.8 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0 50.2 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0 49.8 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 50.2 F 19.9
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 64.6 C 7.2 9.6 C 5.0 9.6 C 5.0 16.2 C 5.0 16.1 C 5.0 0.0 A 0.0 25.9 C 6.5 58.0 C 7.1
London 61.2 E 10.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 38.8 E 10.6 22.7 E 10.7 0.0 A 0.0 15.8 B 3.9 61.5 E 10.6
Windsor 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0
Thunder Bay 41.4 E 10.1 34.0 C 7.0 0.0 A 0.0 24.6 E 11.0 0.0 A 0.0 24.4 E 11.0 17.0 B 3.8 58.6 E 10.1
Winnipeg 79.4 B 4.0 10.9 B 3.6 9.7 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 25.0 C 7.0 20.6 B 4.0 0.0 A 0.0 54.4 C 6.5
Calgary 20.7 A 1.8 13.8 A 1.4 27.7 A 2.2 37.8 B 3.8 20.7 A 1.8 13.9 A 1.4 20.9 A 1.9 44.6 B 3.5
Edmonton 27.4 C 7.2 27.5 C 7.2 22.6 B 3.4 22.6 B 3.4 33.8 B 4.8 0.0 A 0.0 11.3 A 2.0 54.9 C 6.1
Vancouver 32.9 B 3.7 20.0 B 2.7 26.2 B 3.8 20.9 B 3.3 11.4 A 1.7 15.5 A 2.2 31.4 B 4.2 41.7 B 3.9
Victoria 20.3 C 6.2 59.2 C 7.3 0.0 A 0.0 20.5 C 6.2 0.0 A 0.0 18.2 B 3.2 41.0 C 7.3 40.8 C 7.3
66.4 D 7.5 9.4 B 3.2 24.2 D 7.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 8.4 A 1.6 9.4 B 3.2 82.2 B 3.7
28.0 C 5.6 7.5 A 1.7 17.8 C 7.0 46.7 C 7.3 11.6 A 2.4 17.3 C 6.9 4.0 A 1.4 67.2 C 6.8
69.3 C 5.3 20.5 B 3.7 10.2 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 10.2 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 14.9 C 7.4 74.9 C 7.3
40.9 C 6.6 23.1 B 3.1 24.4 B 4.4 11.6 A 1.9 0.0 A 0.0 28.1 C 7.1 11.6 A 1.9 60.3 C 6.4
39.7 B 2.5 27.1 A 2.3 17.1 A 2.4 16.1 A 1.7 0.9 A 0.1 1.3 A 0.7 11.4 A 2.2 86.4 A 2.3
27.0 D 8.1 22.6 C 5.3 40.5 D 7.8 9.8 A 2.3 19.3 D 9.0 4.6 A 0.9 27.9 B 4.4 48.2 D 7.8
55.0 C 6.3 27.3 C 6.3 3.2 A 0.6 14.5 B 3.0 30.3 C 7.1 15.9 A 2.1 20.1 B 4.3 33.7 C 5.5
42.9 E 10.2 18.7 C 6.9 31.9 D 7.6 6.6 A 1.5 9.3 C 5.1 25.3 C 7.2 6.6 A 1.5 58.8 D 8.8
40.8 B 3.0 18.0 A 1.8 26.3 B 2.7 15.0 B 2.6 19.9 B 2.8 12.7 A 1.6 27.7 B 2.8 39.8 B 3.0
46.8 A 1.5 29.6 A 1.3 14.0 A 1.1 9.6 A 0.9 21.3 A 1.4 14.1 A 0.9 12.5 A 1.0 52.1 A 1.6
Tourism 24.7 C 5.2 20.2 B 3.2 32.9 B 4.4 22.1 B 2.7 11.5 B 4.6 16.6 B 2.7 21.4 A 2.4 50.4 B 4.7
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 41.9 D 8.2 44.7 D 9.1 0.0 A 0.0 13.4 B 2.6 24.7 E 11.2 36.2 C 7.0 19.1 C 6.8 19.9 B 3.7
Rural 42.2 B 2.6 32.4 A 2.4 18.6 A 2.3 6.8 A 0.9 17.6 B 2.6 18.5 A 1.6 8.8 A 1.6 55.0 B 2.7
Urban 45.0 A 1.2 23.5 A 1.0 17.2 A 0.9 14.3 A 0.9 17.1 A 1.0 10.2 A 0.7 16.9 A 0.9 55.8 A 1.3
Exporter 26.3 C 5.5 27.3 D 9.5 19.9 B 4.8 26.4 C 5.5 27.3 D 9.5 14.2 B 4.6 12.3 B 2.8 46.2 C 7.4
Non-exporter 44.8 A 1.1 25.5 A 0.9 17.4 A 0.9 12.3 A 0.8 17.0 A 1.0 12.0 A 0.7 15.2 A 0.8 55.8 A 1.2
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 23.0 B 3.8 32.4 B 4.2 26.7 C 6.0 17.8 C 5.1 20.6 B 4.6 14.7 B 3.2 22.9 C 6.3 41.8 B 5.0
26.1 B 2.8 23.5 B 2.7 29.0 B 3.8 21.4 B 3.3 14.9 A 2.3 6.8 A 1.8 19.6 B 2.6 58.7 B 3.5
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 45.0 A 1.4 25.6 A 1.3 16.7 A 1.2 12.7 A 0.9 12.0 A 1.3 10.9 A 0.9 15.2 A 1.0 61.8 A 1.5
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 52.5 B 2.6 21.3 A 2.2 17.4 A 1.6 8.8 A 1.7 32.5 B 2.6 15.6 A 1.5 11.6 A 1.8 40.3 A 2.4
51.6 B 3.7 31.6 B 2.9 7.6 A 1.3 9.2 B 2.5 14.9 B 3.3 13.8 A 2.1 13.3 A 1.9 58.0 B 3.7
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 37.6 B 3.3 31.3 B 3.3 17.1 B 3.5 14.0 B 2.5 31.1 B 3.9 5.7 A 1.2 9.2 A 2.3 54.0 B 3.6
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 49.8 A 2.0 22.8 A 1.4 18.3 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.3 15.8 A 1.7 13.9 A 1.3 15.8 A 1.5 54.5 A 2.1
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 43.1 A 1.4 25.5 A 1.2 17.2 A 0.9 14.2 A 1.0 14.4 A 1.1 12.7 A 0.9 16.2 A 1.1 56.6 A 1.5
39.0 A 2.3 25.1 A 2.1 20.3 A 2.1 15.6 A 1.8 20.4 A 2.2 16.0 A 1.7 12.8 A 1.5 50.7 A 2.4
39.0 B 3.6 22.4 B 2.8 20.9 B 3.6 17.7 B 3.3 10.1 A 1.8 10.7 A 1.7 29.4 B 3.7 49.8 B 3.9
43.6 B 3.0 19.5 A 2.1 25.0 B 2.7 11.9 A 2.0 25.6 B 3.0 13.9 A 1.5 12.1 A 1.8 48.4 B 3.0
31.9 B 3.2 27.3 B 2.6 23.4 B 3.1 17.4 A 2.2 15.7 B 2.9 16.8 A 2.0 16.6 A 2.3 50.9 B 3.3
39.8 A 1.9 24.5 A 1.5 19.6 A 1.7 16.1 A 1.5 21.1 A 1.9 15.3 A 1.2 15.8 A 1.3 47.8 A 2.0
48.0 A 1.3 26.4 A 1.2 16.0 A 0.9 9.6 A 0.8 14.6 A 1.0 9.9 A 0.7 14.4 A 1.0 61.1 A 1.4
Holds IP 40.0 A 2.0 25.3 A 1.7 17.8 A 1.6 16.9 A 1.4 17.0 A 1.9 13.2 A 1.1 13.7 A 1.3 56.0 A 2.1
Holds Formal IP 39.9 B 3.2 23.4 A 2.5 11.4 A 1.7 25.3 A 2.4 17.0 B 2.8 8.3 A 1.4 10.4 A 1.3 64.3 B 3.0
No IP 46.8 A 1.3 25.7 A 1.1 17.4 A 1.1 10.2 A 0.9 17.5 A 1.2 11.7 A 0.8 15.5 A 1.0 55.3 A 1.4
Familiar with at least one type of IP 44.6 A 1.2 24.7 A 1.0 18.1 A 1.0 12.7 A 0.9 16.0 A 1.1 12.4 A 0.7 14.4 A 0.8 57.2 A 1.3
Not familiar with any type of IP 44.6 B 2.7 29.8 A 2.1 14.7 A 1.4 10.9 A 1.9 23.8 A 2.5 11.1 A 1.5 17.4 A 2.5 47.7 B 2.6
Procurement Did business with Federal government .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
<30 years old 20.1 B 4.0 52.0 D 9.7 9.6 C 5.2 18.3 E 12.1 25.0 E 11.4 35.6 D 8.5 6.8 A 1.5 32.7 D 7.7
30 to 39 years old 39.5 B 3.7 31.3 B 3.6 23.6 B 4.3 5.5 A 1.2 23.6 B 4.2 13.1 A 2.1 13.6 B 3.0 49.6 B 4.0
40 to 49 years old 39.5 A 2.5 25.4 A 1.9 20.3 A 1.8 14.8 A 1.7 20.5 A 2.5 15.1 A 1.4 14.8 A 1.3 49.6 A 2.4
50 to 64 years old 47.0 A 1.6 24.4 A 1.2 13.2 A 1.1 15.4 A 1.2 14.6 A 1.0 11.8 A 1.0 17.2 A 1.3 56.4 A 1.6
65+ years old 49.3 A 2.4 22.1 A 2.2 21.5 A 1.7 7.2 A 1.0 14.8 A 2.2 6.0 A 1.1 12.3 A 1.8 66.8 A 2.5
Less than high school 60.2 C 5.2 13.3 A 2.3 26.5 B 3.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 26.5 B 3.7 73.5 B 3.7
High school 54.0 B 3.9 25.3 B 2.8 14.4 B 3.3 6.3 A 0.6 17.3 B 4.3 7.7 A 1.8 17.2 B 2.5 57.9 B 4.1
College/Cegep/Trade School 46.9 A 2.1 26.8 A 1.8 16.8 A 1.8 9.5 A 1.0 15.2 A 1.7 13.7 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.6 56.1 A 2.2
Bachelor's degree 45.1 A 1.8 23.4 A 1.5 17.9 A 1.4 13.7 A 1.3 19.6 A 1.7 11.5 A 0.9 12.0 A 1.1 57.0 A 1.8
Master's degree or above 35.9 A 2.3 28.2 A 1.8 18.4 A 1.9 17.5 A 2.1 16.2 A 2.1 13.3 A 1.7 19.5 A 2.0 51.0 A 2.3
In Canada 43.2 A 1.1 25.7 A 1.0 17.9 A 0.9 13.2 A 0.8 17.3 A 1.0 12.1 A 0.7 14.2 A 0.8 56.5 A 1.2
Outside Canada 58.5 B 4.3 22.9 B 3.1 12.5 B 3.7 6.1 A 1.6 16.1 B 3.7 12.3 B 2.9 26.2 B 4.2 45.4 B 4.5
0% 41.9 A 1.7 26.1 A 1.5 17.5 A 1.3 14.5 A 1.2 15.8 A 1.5 14.5 A 1.1 18.0 A 1.3 51.8 A 1.7
1% to 49% 44.5 A 2.4 29.0 A 2.1 13.7 A 1.6 12.9 A 1.6 7.5 A 0.9 7.2 A 1.5 19.8 A 2.0 65.4 A 2.3
50% 49.9 B 3.2 18.9 A 2.3 16.5 A 2.3 14.7 B 2.6 19.7 B 2.9 8.9 A 1.6 5.9 A 1.0 65.6 B 3.1
51% to 99% 45.2 B 2.8 26.1 A 2.1 17.5 B 2.6 11.2 A 1.4 20.7 B 2.7 12.9 A 1.3 16.5 A 2.1 49.9 B 2.8
100% 44.8 B 4.1 27.4 B 3.1 27.8 B 4.0 0.0 A 0.0 31.8 B 4.4 12.7 A 2.2 4.6 A 1.6 50.9 B 4.1
Potential Borrowers40.8 B 4.3 24.6 B 3.6 34.7 B 3.9 0.0 A 0.0 10.7 A 2.4 6.6 A 0.7 12.0 A 1.9 70.7 B 3.2
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
37.2 D 7.6 15.0 C 7.5 10.5 A 2.1 37.3 D 7.6 10.5 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 15.0 C 7.5 74.5 C 7.3
Co-operatives Co-operatives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Not-for-profit 55.9 A 1.4 28.0 A 1.2 11.1 A 1.0 5.0 A 0.7 21.8 A 1.3 12.3 A 0.8 8.5 A 0.7 57.4 A 1.4
Charity 18.1 A 1.4 19.8 A 1.4 31.9 A 1.9 30.1 A 1.8 6.7 A 1.1 11.5 A 1.2 30.4 A 1.9 51.4 A 2.0
For-profit .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
45.4 A 1.1 25.1 A 0.9 17.1 A 0.9 12.3 A 0.8 17.8 A 1.0 11.8 A 0.7 14.8 A 0.8 55.5 A 1.2
13.3 B 3.1 37.0 C 6.3 27.4 B 3.3 22.3 B 3.9 0.0 A 0.0 20.1 B 2.8 22.5 C 6.8 57.3 C 5.8
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Table 39: Social Enterprises - Donations and SalesSurvey question(s):
K.3. Please indicate the value of all financial donations and/or gifts that your organization received in 2017.
K.4. In 2017, what percent of your business's revenues came from the sales of goods and services?
Notes:
K.3 & K.4 are applicable to all respondents that are social enterprises and responded yes to A.3 a)
Intellectual Property
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Age of Business
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
New or significantly improved good or service
Location
Export Status
Growth
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
CMA Level
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
Special industry
aggregations
Social Enterprises
67% to 100%
Value of donations and gifts Sales of goods and services as a percentage of revenue
No donations/gifts $1 to $9,999 $10,000 to $99,999 More than $100,000 No sales 1% to 33% 34% to 66%
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Employment Size
Region
#
Qualit
y
SE %
Qualit
y
SE
All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 732,152 A 0.6 100.0 A 0.0
1 to 4 employees 401,457 A 1.2 54.8 A 0.5
5 to 19 employees 238,817 A 1.7 32.6 A 0.5
20 to 99 employees 78,464 A 3.0 10.7 A 0.3
100 to 499 employees 13,414 B 6.4 1.8 A 0.1
Atlantic 45,540 A 1.3 6.2 A 0.1
Quebec 163,307 A 1.2 22.3 A 0.2
Ontario 258,523 A 1.1 35.3 A 0.3
Northern Ontario 15,606 A 4.7 2.1 A 0.1
Southern Ontario 242,917 A 1.2 33.2 A 0.3
Prairies 146,331 A 1.2 20.0 A 0.2
Manitoba 22,497 B 5.2 3.1 A 0.2
Saskatchewan 23,371 B 5.2 3.2 A 0.2
Alberta 100,464 A 1.6 13.7 A 0.2
British Columbia and Territories 118,450 A 1.6 16.2 A 0.2
St. John's 3,771 D 17.5 0.5 A 0.1
Halifax 7,466 C 11.1 1.0 A 0.1
Quebec 13,758 C 13.3 1.9 A 0.2
Montreal 74,805 A 4.3 10.2 A 0.4
Ottawa-Gatineau 23,031 B 7.4 3.1 A 0.2
Toronto 115,553 A 3.1 15.8 A 0.5
Kingston 3,230 B 7.8 0.4 A 0.0
Hamilton 13,562 B 10.0 1.9 A 0.2
St. Catharines-Niagara 7,308 B 9.5 1.0 A 0.1
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 9,581 B 8.7 1.3 A 0.1
London 9,115 B 8.6 1.2 A 0.1
Windsor 5,642 B 9.2 0.8 A 0.1
Thunder Bay 2,270 B 8.7 0.3 A 0.0
Winnipeg 15,141 B 7.5 2.1 A 0.2
Calgary 29,456 B 7.1 4.0 A 0.3
Edmonton 26,499 B 7.7 3.6 A 0.3
Vancouver 54,335 B 5.3 7.4 A 0.4
Victoria 10,298 D 16.2 1.4 A 0.2
45,669 A 1.6 6.2 A 0.1
120,173 A 1.5 16.4 A 0.2
41,620 A 1.0 5.7 A 0.1
37,545 A 1.6 5.1 A 0.1
84,238 A 1.4 11.5 A 0.2
41,628 A 2.7 5.7 A 0.1
105,268 A 1.5 14.4 A 0.2
60,363 A 1.7 8.2 A 0.1
50,506 A 1.9 6.9 A 0.1
145,141 A 1.9 19.8 A 0.3
Tourism 73,545 A 3.1 10.0 A 0.3
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
29,369 A 2.8 100.0 A 0.0
Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 24,297 B 9.9 3.3 A 0.3
Rural 141,548 A 3.1 19.3 A 0.6
Urban 590,603 A 1.0 80.7 A 0.6
Exporter 85,631 A 4.1 11.7 A 0.5
Non-exporter 646,521 A 0.8 88.3 A 0.5
High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 52,434 B 5.9 7.2 A 0.4
79,295 A 4.9 10.8 A 0.5
Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 303,126 A 2.0 41.4 A 0.8
No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 133,312 A 3.7 18.2 A 0.7
86,698 A 4.6 11.8 A 0.5
2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 69,321 A 4.6 9.5 A 0.4
2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 243,624 A 2.5 33.3 A 0.8
1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 190,290 A 2.8 26.0 A 0.7
Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 228,916 A 2.4 31.3 A 0.7
130,711 A 3.5 17.9 A 0.6
85,550 A 4.2 11.7 A 0.5
86,898 A 4.4 11.9 A 0.5
93,995 A 4.3 12.8 A 0.5
213,385 A 2.6 29.1 A 0.7
473,663 A 1.3 64.7 A 0.8
Holds IP 185,097 A 2.7 25.3 A 0.7
Holds Formal IP 66,294 A 4.6 9.1 A 0.4
No IP 501,952 A 1.2 68.6 A 0.7
Familiar with at least one type of IP 533,837 A 1.1 72.9 A 0.7
Not familiar with any type of IP 153,212 A 3.3 20.9 A 0.7
Procurement Did business with Federal government 6,037 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0
<30 years old 12,732 C 12.2 1.7 A 0.2
30 to 39 years old 103,143 A 4.2 14.1 A 0.6
40 to 49 years old 183,820 A 3.0 25.1 A 0.7
50 to 64 years old 342,541 A 1.9 46.8 A 0.8
65+ years old 89,916 A 4.4 12.3 A 0.5
Less than high school 47,991 B 6.1 6.6 A 0.4
High school 172,588 A 2.9 23.6 A 0.7
College/Cegep/Trade School 214,431 A 2.5 29.3 A 0.7
Bachelor's degree 186,858 A 2.8 25.5 A 0.7
Master's degree or above 110,284 A 4.0 15.1 A 0.6
In Canada 549,323 A 1.1 75.0 A 0.7
Outside Canada 182,829 A 2.9 25.0 A 0.7
0% 390,548 A 1.6 53.3 A 0.8
1% to 49% 74,406 A 4.6 10.2 A 0.5
50% 153,315 A 3.1 20.9 A 0.6
51% to 99% 18,329 C 10.3 2.5 A 0.3
100% 95,554 A 4.3 13.1 A 0.6
Potential Borrowers34,646 B 7.4 4.7 A 0.3
Rejected (Debt)
Borrowers
20,619 B 9.9 2.8 A 0.3
Co-operatives Co-operatives 746 A 1.5 100.0 A 0.0
Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 1,252 A 0.9 100.0 A 0.0
Not-for-profit 541 A 1.5 69.3 A 0.5
Charity 240 A 1.8 30.8 A 0.5
For-profit 34,382 B 7.3 4.7 A 0.3
634,751 A 0.9 86.7 A 0.6
97,400 A 4.2 13.3 A 0.6
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017
Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.
Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism,
ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.
Legal StatusIncorporated
Unincorporated
Did not request external financing though external
financing may have been required
Place of birth
Female Ownership
Social Enterprises
Request for at least one type of debt financing was
rejected
Highest Level of
Education Attained
by the Primary
Decision Maker
Age of Business
New or significantly improved good or service
New or significantly improved process or method
A new organizational method in your business
A new way of selling your goods or services
Innovation Activities
developed or
introduced
Age of Primary
Decision Maker
At least one of the 4 above innovations
Non-Innovator (none of the above)
Intellectual Property
Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real
Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53),
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and
Remediation Services (NAICS 56), Health Care and
Social Assistance (NAICS 62), Arts, Entertainment and
Recreation (NAICS 71)
Special industry
aggregations
Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017
Region
Table 40: Weighted Enterprise Counts
For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.
Employment Size
Weighted Count Percentage
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)
Construction (NAICS 23)
Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)
Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)
Location
Export Status
Growth
CMA Level
Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)
Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year
Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)
Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS
54)
Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)
Other Services (NAICS 81)
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