sustainable building systems by: justin kramer
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SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SYSTEMSBUILDING SYSTEMS
By: Justin Kramer
Off-Grid Zero Emissions Building(OGZEB)
What is the OGZEB??
• Platinum Green– Water Efficient– Sustainable Site– Materials– Indoor Air
Quality– Energy
Energy Efficiency
Source: Daniel Kammen, UC Berkeley, ER 100 Lecture 1, Fall 2005
Energy Efficiency
Energy Consumption by Application
•Building Efficiency– Structural
Insulated Panels
• Consumer Efficiency– HVAC– Water Heater – Lighting
Energy Efficiency
$116/barrel inApril 2008
Energy Production
$116/barrel inApril 2008
$116/barrel inApril 2008
• Photovoltaic Panels– First Generation– 6 kW Array– 500 sqft
• Solar Thermal– 120 sqft Collector– 300 gallon tank
www.solarenergy.com
Energy Collection
Energy Storage
Electrolyzer Fuel Cell
H 2OH 2O
H 2H 2H 2
H 2 H 2
H 2H 2
O
Energy Storage
H 2H 2H 2
H 2 H 2
H 2H 2
Energy StorageThermal
O
Energy Consumers
Energy Consumption by Application
Energy Storage
Hydrogen Properties
Combustion Properties
Premixing Properties
No Premixing
50% Premixing
100%Premixing
NoPremixing
<- - - - - - - - -Propane - - - - - - - - -> Hydrogen
Hydrogen Properties
Experimental Setup
Temperature Gradient Setup
Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig
Temperature Gradient Analysis
Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig
Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig
Z=0 Z=0.5 z=1
Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig
Hydrogen Retrofits
Solaire Grill
Solaire Burner
Burner Considerations
Hydrogen Burner
Thermocouple Plate
Rinnai Water Heater
Rinnai Burner
Burner Considerations
135 Degrees 180 Degrees
Both at0.5 psig
Both have a 0.0156 inDiameterOrifice
Hydrogen Burner
Hydrogen Burner Testing
Hydrogen Burner Results
Hydrogen Burner Results
Hydrogen Burner Results
Hydrogen Burner Results
Hydrogen Safety
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
0 sec
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
30 sec
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
1 min
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
1min 30 sec
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
2min 20 sec
Conclusion/QuestionsConclusion/Questions
mdot Qdot Burners .25 psi .5 psi .25 psi .5 psi
4 8.31E-06 1.17E-05 1.01E+03 1.42E+036 1.25E-05 1.76E-05 1.51E+03 2.13E+03
10 2.08E-05 2.94E-05 2.51E+03 3.55E+0314 2.91E-05 4.11E-05 3.52E+03 4.97E+0318 3.74E-05 5.28E-05 4.52E+03 6.39E+0320 4.15E-05 5.87E-05 5.03E+03 7.10E+0324 4.98E-05 7.04E-05 6.03E+03 8.52E+0328 5.81E-05 8.22E-05 7.04E+03 9.94E+0332 6.65E-05 9.39E-05 8.04E+03 1.14E+0434 7.06E-05 9.98E-05 8.54E+03 1.21E+0438 7.89E-05 1.12E-04 9.55E+03 1.35E+0442 8.72E-05 1.23E-04 1.06E+04 1.49E+0446 9.55E-05 1.35E-04 1.16E+04 1.63E+0448 9.97E-05 1.41E-04 1.21E+04 1.70E+0452 1.08E-04 1.53E-04 1.31E+04 1.85E+04
mdot Qdot Pressure 0.0156 0.024 0.0156 0.024
0.25 2.08E-06 4.20E-06 2.52E+02 5.08E+020.50 2.94E-06 6.95E-06 3.55E+02 8.41E+020.75 3.59E-06 8.50E-06 4.35E+02 1.03E+031.00 4.15E-06 9.81E-06 5.02E+02 1.19E+031.25 4.63E-06 1.10E-05 5.61E+02 1.33E+03
Density
Propane 1.91 kg/m3
Natural Gas 0.68 kg/m3
Hydrogen 0.085 kg/m3
Error
The error in the data was ± 0.5 C for the thermocouples, ± 0.1 C for the thermistor and ± 0.0092 psi for the pressure transducer.
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