systematic testing for resource leaks in android applications

Systema(c*Tes(ng*for*Resource*Leaks*in*Android*Applica(ons*

PRESTO:(Program(Analyses(and(So5ware(Tools(Research(Group,(Ohio(State(University(

Dacong (Tony) Yan, Shengqian Yang, Atanas Rountev

Ohio State University

Background(•  Android(devices(

•  Currently(lead(the(smartphone(market(•  Direct(impact(on(millions(of(users(•  Require(novel(techniques(for(improved(so5ware(quality(

•  Resource(leaks(•  Examples(of(resources:(memory((managed(or(naIve),(database(cursors,(binders,(bitmaps,(etc.(

•  Slowdowns(and(crashes(•  Limited(resources(on(handheld(devices(

**

An(Example:(APV(

**

Open PDF

Close PDF

NaIve(Memory(ConsumpIon(Comparison(

**

Our(Proposal(•  Challenges:(developing(leakQtriggering(test(cases(and(test(inputs(

•  Insight(•  Leaks(triggered(by(repeated(operaIons(•  Focus(on(neutral(cycles,(repeated(operaIons(that(should(not(increase(resource(usage(

•  ModelQbased(test(generaIon(•  Input:(a(model(for(applicaIon(GUI,(called(GUI(model(•  Generate(test(cases(to(cover(neutral(cycles(in(the(GUI(model(for(leak(discovery(

**

GUI(Model(•  DefiniIon(

•  A(directed(graph(G=(N,(E)(•  N:(GUI(states,(i.e.(GUI(enIIes(and(their(relaIonships(•  E:(transiIons(between(states(triggered(by(events(

**

GUI(Model(for(APV(

GUI(Model(for(APV(

GUI(Model(for(APV(

GUI(Model(•  DefiniIon(

•  A(directed(graph(G=(N,(E)(•  N:(GUI(states,(i.e.(GUI(enIIes(and(their(relaIonships(•  E:(transiIons(between(states(triggered(by(events(

•  Two(categories(of(transiIons(•  ApplicaIonQindependent(•  ApplicaIonQdependent(

**

GUI(Model(for(APV(

Applica5on(Independent(Transi5ons(

GUI(Model(for(APV(

Applica5on(Dependent(Transi5ons(

Coverage(Criteria(• ApplicaIonQindependent(cycles(

• Events(defined(by(the(plaVorm,(and(not(specific(to(individual(applicaIons(

• Example:(ROTATE,(HOME,(POWER(• Cycles(with(BACK(transiIons(

• BACK(transiIon:(going(back(to(a(previous(acIvity(• Opportunity(for(forming(a(cycle(

• ApplicaIonQspecific(neutral(operaIons(• Pairs(of(operaIons(that(“neutralize”(each(other(• Example:(zoomQin(followed(by(zoomQout(

Example(of(a(Generated(Test(Case(

Example(of(a(Generated(Test(Case(

n1 (n2 n3)k

BACK

GUI(Model(for(APV(

GUI(Model(for(APV(

Example(of(a(Generated(Test(Case(

Example(of(a(Generated(Test(Case(

Example(of(a(Generated(Test(Case(

Example(of(a(Generated(Test(Case(

Example(of(a(Generated(Test(Case(

Approach(●  Generate(automaIcally(test(cases(based(on(the(GUI(model,(and(the(targeted(coverage(criteria(●  Followed(by(manual(steps,(e.g.,(to(provide(a(PDF(file(to(be(opened,(and(to(place(it(at(posiIon(3(of(the(file(list(

●  Collect(resource(usage(measurements(as(the(tests(are(being(executed(●  Examples:(managed(heap(size,(naIve(heap(size,(binders,(threads(

●  Drop(“nonQpromising”(cases(for(shorter(execuIon(Ime(●  Report(crashing(execuIons(for(possible(resource(leaks(

**

Experimental(Studies(●  8(openQsource(Android(applicaIons(●  The(generated(test(cases(exposed(18(resource(leak(defects((12(newlyQdiscovered)(●  InvesIgated(manually(the(crashing(test(cases(to(determine(their(root(causes(

●  Detailed(case(studies(to(understand(diversified(causes(of(resource(leaks(●  TradiIonal(leaks((e.g.,(container(leak)(●  Leaking(AndroidQspecific(objects((e.g.,(database(cursors,(binders,(bitmaps)(

●  Leaks(caused(by(naIve(code((e.g.,(improper(management(of(naIve(memory,(hang(in(naIve(code)(**

Conclusions(●  Resource(leaks(are(an(important(problem(for(Android(

●  ModelQbased(test(generaIon(focusing(on(neutral(cycles(is(effecIve(in(detecIng(resource(leaks(

●  Future(work(●  Automated(debugging(of(uncovered(leaks,(using(heap(analysis(

●  Automated(GUI(model(construcIon((iniIal(work(to(appear(at(CGO(2014)(

●  Program(analysis(to(detect(and(diagnose(leaks(staIcally(●  So5ware(release(

●  hfp://www.cse.ohioQstate.edu/presto/so5ware/(**

((

(((((((((((((((((Thank((you(

**