t he r ise of n ation s tates : e ngland and f rance ms. carmelitano
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THE RISE OF NATION STATES: ENGLAND AND FRANCEMs. Carmelitano
THE RISE OF NATION STATES
By the 900’s the Carolingian Empire left small feudal states in Europe
European monarchs consolidated their power and began creating nation states in the late medieval period A state whose citizens share a language or
common descent.
ENGLAND
Native people: Anglo-Saxons Alfred the Great: King 871-899 AD
Protected Anglo-Saxons from the Vikings United the kingdom, calling it England: “Land of
the Angles” Canute: King in 1016
United Anglo-Saxons and Vikings into one people
CONQUEST
Alfred the Great died in 1042, leaving no heir A struggle for the throne ensued
William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy– North of France, conquered
by Vikings Viking descents, but French in culture and language
Claimed the English crown against Harold Godwinson An Anglo-Saxon
October 14, 1066, Battle of Hastings Harold was killed, William the Conqueror took the
throne Laid the foundations for a centralized government in
England
HENRY II
Goals of English kings 1. Hold on to French lands 2. Strengthen power over the church and nobles
Henry II: (1154-1189 AD) married Eleanor of Aquitaine from France to strengthen the alliance Holding land in France made him a vassal to the
French King He was also a king in England
HENRY’S GOVERNMENT
Royal Courts of Justice Sent royal judges throughout England once a
year to collect taxes, settle lawsuits, punish crimes
Juries Introduced juries to English courts Group of 12 loyal neighbors of the accused who
answered questions about facts of a case Common law
Rulings made by England’s Royal Judges (These became precedents for later laws)
MAGNA CARTA
Henry’s son John took the throne from 1199-1216 John Softsword John lost all of the lands in Normandy to the French Over-taxed his subjects Alienated the church
June 15, 1215 – the subjects rebelled and forced John to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter) Written by English nobles Guaranteed basic political rights and checked the
power of the king No taxation without representation, a jury trial, protection
under the law
PARLIAMENT
Edward I Needed money to fight the French ,Welsh, and
Scots 1295 AD summoned two wealthy citizens
(burgesses) from every borough and two knights to serve as parliament This will become the Legislative group in England November 1295 AD – knights, burgesses, bishops,
lords met at Westminster in London – the Middle Parliament
Parliament was called when taxes were needed House of Commons: Lower house with officials voted
in House of Lords: Upper house with appointed officials
FRANCE
After the fall of the Holy Roman Empire, counts and dukes ruled independently under the Feudal system In 1000 AD: France was 47 different territories
The Capet family A French noble family Hugh Capet – a duke who ruled Paris Capetian dynasty: French kings from 987 to 1328
THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE
For 300 years Capetian Kings strengthened the kingdom
Philip II: Ruled from 1180 to 1223 AD Seized Normandy from King John, and expanded
the lands of France Philip IV (1285-1314) created the Estates-
General Council of advisors (General Assembly)
First Estate: church leaders Second Estate: lords Third Estate: commoners
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