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April 10, 2023
What it's Like to Teach on the Bleeding Edge
Developing a 3D Advanced Production Class
Chris Eller
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Abstract3D movies have come, once again, into the public eye. Modern 3D technology has overcome many of the shortcomings present in the last Golden Age of Hollywood 3D circa 1955. We are now in a position to develop 3D movies that can stand on the merits of storytelling and cinematic craft without 3D problems hampering the success of the production. The technology of stereoscopic production has come a long way since Sir Charles Wheatstone published his paper concerning stereopsis in 1838.
Now, 173 years later, Hollywood and Indie productions are finding fresh success at the box office while at the same time discovering that precious few people actually know HOW to make a good 3D movie or TV show. T452 was conceived of and designed to address this knowledge gap and equip our students to successfully compete for jobs on 3D productions after graduation.
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Abstract3D movies have come, once again, into the public eye. Modern 3D technology has overcome many of the shortcomings present in the last Golden Age of Hollywood 3D circa 1955. We are now in a position to develop 3D movies that can stand on the merits of storytelling and cinematic craft without 3D problems hampering the success of the production. The technology of stereoscopic production has come a long way since Sir Charles Wheatstone published his paper concerning stereopsis in 1838.
Now, 173 years later, Hollywood and Indie productions are finding fresh success at the box office while at the same time discovering that precious few people actually know HOW to make a good 3D movie or TV show. T452 was conceived of and designed to address this knowledge gap and equip our students to successfully compete for jobs on 3D productions after graduation.
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Where It All Came From• 1838
Sir Charles Wheatstone describes stereopsis• 1851
Sir David Brewster shows his stereoscope at the Crystal Palace Exhibition in London
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Where It All Came From• 1860s
Oliver Wendell Holmes designs a simpler stereoscope
• 1905
The Holmes Stereoscope is refined
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Where It All Came From• 1922, September
The Power of Love premieres as the first 3D featurette with an admission price (lost, RG anaglyph, dual-band projection)
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Where It All Came From• 1952 – Bwana Devil
First 3D feature, 79 minutes
First 3D movie in color• Presented in dual-band
Natural Vision
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Does it Make Money?• House of Wax (1953)• Budget $1 million• Domestic Lifetime Gross $23.7
million• All Time Rank (adjusted) 93
Box Office Mojo
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Does it Make Money?• Avatar (2009)
Budget $237 million (estimated)
Domestic Lifetime Gross $760.5 million
World Lifetime Gross $2.8 billion
All Time Rank 1
All Time Domestic Rank (adjusted) 14• Gone With the Wind $1.6 billion
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Does it Make Money?• Clash of the Titans (2010)
Budget $125 million (estimated)
Domestic Lifetime Gross $163 million
World Lifetime Gross $330 million
All Time Domestic Rank 176
All Time World Rank 84• Dimensionalized
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Does it Make Money?• Domestic Box Office Revenue from 3D
2009 $1.08 billion (~76% was Avatar alone)
2010 $2.17 billion (~8% was Clash)• 1/5 of total domestic box office was 3D
– Screen Digest
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Does it Make Money?• Good 3D
Designed to be 3D from the beginning
3D as a device for story• Coraline, Avatar
Trained stereographers and crew
• Bad 3DDimensionalized
3D as a gimmick for ticket sales• Clash of the Titans
Cinematographers and crew faking it
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
What about 3DTV?• Home 3DTVs introduced in 2007• 2nd Gen 3DTVs introduced in 2010
2nd Gen are broadcast friendly• 3D Framepack intermediate format• Full HD 2D+Delta in the works
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
What about 3DTV?• Very few broadcasters of 3D• ESPN 3D went 24/7 at 9:00
am EST, Feb. 14th
Took over a year to develop enough content
• One truck with 5 cameras for coverage
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
What about 3DTV?• 3net went 24/7 on DirecTV on
Feb. 13th
• Consortium of: Discovery, Sony, and IMAX
• Shortage of new and original 3D content
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
T452 – 3D Storytelling• Developed August 2010
Susan Kelly, Sean Connolly, Chris Eller
• First offered Fall 2010 to 12 advanced production students
• Offered again Spring 2011 to 12 advanced production students
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
T452 – 3D Storytelling• New technology• New curriculum• New equipment• New experiences• New productions• New everything!
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
T452 – 3D Storytelling• Goal oriented
Good 3D
Good stories• Very popular• Forward looking• Very exciting
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Technical Challenges• Make or buy the rig?
3rd option, borrow!• Learn theory and apply• AVL rig = $25,000• Commercial rig = $45,000+
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Artistic Challenges• Teaching good 3D• Assessing good 3D
“I know it when I see it.”• Not good enough
• Producing good 3D• Showing good 3D• Sharing good 3D
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Pedagogical Challenges• Teaching new techniques
Cameras and Editing• Developing assessments
specifically for 3D• Building from existing
knowledge
T283, T351, and T436
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Pedagogical Challenges• Can we fit a completely new course into our
existing offerings smoothly and quickly?• Capitalize on the hype while developing a quality
course• Assess in a meaningful way that reinforces
lessons
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Pedagogical Challenges• Start with what we know and scaffold• Build on prior classes and skills• Introduce easy 3D (unrefined)• Jump up to complex systems
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Pedagogical ChallengesConverged camera rig (toe-in) * Depth budget * Depth cues (monoscopic and stereoscopic) * Depth script *
Hierarchy of 2D and 3D depth cues * Orthostereoscopy * Parallel camera rig * Perspective * Placement sizing effect * Previous knowledge of shapes * Genlock * Interaxial separation * Phase (in phase and out of phase) *
Plane of interest * Point of interest * Split-beam rig (under-slung, over-slung) * Stereoscopic depth cues * Timecode link * 3D comfort zone * Accommodation * Active projection/display * Anaglyph * Column-interleave
* Depth bracket and depth position * Depth chart * Depth continuity * Depth cues * Depth placement and perceived size * Dolby Infitec * Fusion * Fusion range limitation * Ghosting (cross-talk, cross-eye extinction) * Homologous points * Horizontal image translation (HIT) * Line-interleave * Negative parallax * Neutral parallax (zero parallax) * Passive projection/display (linear and circular polarized) * Phase (in phase and out of phase) * Pixel-interleave (checkerboard) * Positive parallax * Retinal rivalry * Roll * Screen-distance effect * Screen-size effect * Screen space (positive parallax) * Stereo window * Theater space (negative parallax) * Vergence
(convergence and divergence) * Vertical image translation (VIT) * Atmospheric blur * Binocular parallax * Color shift * Disparity * Hyperstereoscopy * Hypostereoscopy * Interocular separation * Monoscopic depth cues * Motion parallax * Motion-based depth cues * Occlusion * Parallax * Perspective * Placement sizing effect * Previous knowledge of shapes * Proprioception * Relative size * Stereo blindness * Stereo pair * Stereograph * Stereographer * Stereopsis * Stereoscopic * Stereoscopic depth cues * Texture gradient
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Pedagogical Challenges• Books and Articles
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Pedagogical Challenges• Exams designed to feed back into the class
Stereographer’s Exam
Editor’s Exam
Director’s Exam
Line Producer’s Exam
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
Pedagogical Challenges• Everyone works on the camera rig
Each project has a stereographer
Each stereographer has a 1st AC• Everyone edits in 3D
Each project has an editor
Each project’s teaser has an editor
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
The Bleeding Edge• NYU, USC, and IU• In house skills
Telecom
AVL
IU Cinema• We are training ourselves
April 10, 2023UITS - Advanced Visualization Lab
The Bleeding Edge• Like color and sound, 3D is
going to be a part of rich media
• IU is developing knowledge and skills that don’t exist in large numbers anywhere yet
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