taj mahal - architecture
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A tear on the face of Eternity ~ Ravindranath Tagore
T A J M A H A L
I n t r o d u c t i o n• The Taj Mahal located at the west side of the Yamuna river , TAJ
GANJI, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India• The Taj Mahal represents the finest and most sophisticated
example of Mughal architecture. • It consists of five major constituents, namely Darwaza (main
gateway), Bageecha (gardens), Masjid (mosque),Naqqar Khana (rest house) and Rauza (main mausoleum).
• The architects Ustad Ahmad Lahauri and Mir Abd-ul Karim .
H i s t o r y•The construction of Taj Mahal started in the year 1631 was finally completed in the year 1653.•It was soon after the completion of Taj Mahal that Shah Jahan was deposed by his own son Aurangzeb and was put under house arrest at nearby Agra Fort. Shah Jahan, himself also, lies entombed in this mausoleum along with his wife.
About Islamic Architecture
Concept of SpaceSacred vs. ProfanePermanent vs. Temporal
Concept of Man on EarthLife Cycle of a Grave
Geometric DriversPatterns in NatureSufi Elements on Design
Environmental ConstraintsForm addresses climateForms follow Function or visa versa?
PRINCIPLESCourtyard
GardenWater,Char
Bagh
TechnologyDome ,Arch
Bara Dari
Awan
Mashabia
Chadar
China Kari
ELEMENTS
P L A N O F T A J M A H A L
Tomb
Ornamental Pool
Mosque
Guest HouseMain
Gateway Forecourt
Servant Quaters
Royal Tombs
Taj Ganj
Yamuna
Char Bagh
Tomb
Mosque
Guest House
Main Gateway
Servant Quaters
Royal Tombs
Char Bagh
Ornamental Pool
Forecourt
Concepts, Symbolism and Interpretation• This theme, common in most Mughal
funerary architecture, permeates the entire complex and informs the detailed design of all the elements. A number of secondary principles also inform the design, of which hierarchy is the most dominant.
• A deliberate interplay is established between the building's elements, its surface decoration, materials, geometric planning and its acoustics.
• In Dimensional organisation- The Taj complex is ordered by grids
• Symmetry and geometric planning played an important role in ordering the complex.
• In the Taj Mahal, the hierarchical use of red sandstone and white marble contributes manifold symbolic significance
GRID AND GOLDEN SECTION IN TAJ MAHAL
• The Taj Mahal is situated on a raised platform which is over 6 meters high. • The actual Tomb of Shah Jahan is in the basement below the platform.• Surmounted by a curving dome which is over 60m long on each side.• Height is over 60m at its pinnacle.• Platform covers 94 sq m area.
The dome
60 mThe Dome•The most remarkable part of the Taj Mahal.•Enormous white onion shaped dome crowning the tomb. •Located at the exact centre of the structure, the main dome is flanked by four smaller ones on it four corners
•The onion shaped dome of the Taj Mahal sits on a massive drum that adds support to the circular top.
•The drum is also intricately designed with superb inlay work.
Taj Mahal - Islamic inscription on the gold gilded Finial
Yamuna River
Well Foundation
Foundation of Taj Mahal
Flooring Pattern
Calligraphy
Storm water management
WATER SYSTEM
Mughal Warriors - Taj Mahal construction and specification.mp4
References:~ IRJABS (Study on the Architecture of Taj Mahal)~ Ar. NAVIN PIPLANI – TEDx~ History Channel~ Google (images)~ www.archnet.org~ www.issuu.com/taj-mahal_9282012.html
Submitted to :Ar. Ketki Moholkar
Submitted by :Ankit Sinha, Kritika Verma and Aditi Borkar
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