[task 4 2] analysis of challenges and best practices for better design of ee policies in myanmar
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Analysis of the Challenges and the Best Practices for the better Design of
EE policies in Myanmar
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Aung Thet Paing17 September 2015, Bangkok
Funded by UK Research Councils’ Energy Program, the department for International Development (DFID) and the Department for Energy and Climate
Change (DECC), and managed by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Contents
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Introduction of Energy situation
Challenges concerning with Electricity supply
Electricity tariff
Quality of Electricity
Different Payment Methods
Cost-benefit analysis
Challenges concerning with Standards and Regulations
Mandatory MEPS
Tax exemptions
Energy Labels & Public awareness
Conclusion
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Population, GDP & Energy
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Million PopulationBillion USD (PPP2005)
Total Energy ConsumptionMyanmar Population & GDP
Source: Myanmar Energy Outlook MECON- expected 24%
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Transition in Electricity Consumption
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 -
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
3267.94
8253.87
Domestic / Households IndustrialBulk + Services+Commercial Others
Elec
tric
ity
Cons
umpt
ion
(GW
h)
28%
18%
39%
15%
2.52 times
Coverage ratio of electrification = 30%
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Challenges concerning with Electricity Supply
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Electricity tariff is too low
Government subsidize on electricity generation
Quality of electricity is less reliable
Damages on electric household appliances because of
Voltage fluctuations
Different payment methods in some rural areas
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Electricity Tariff for Residential
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Electricity Consumption Price per unit (kyat/kWh)
Price per unit (USD/kWh)
The first 100 kWh (1-100 kWh) 35 0.035 (3.5 Cent)
The next 100 kWh (101-200 kWh) 40 0.04 (4 Cent)
Above 200 kWh 50 0.05 (5 Cent)
Maintenance fee 500 kyat per month 0.5 (50 Cent)
Electricity tariff is very low in the region
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Range of electricity consumption and cost
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Electricity consumption Electricity cost (kyat)
Electricity cost(USD)
The first 100 kWh (1-100 kWh/month) 535-4000 0.5 - 4The next 100 kWh (101-200 kWh/month) 4040-8000 4 - 8
Units above 200 kWh/month >8000 > 8
Avg. Electricity Charges is about 3.5% of HH income
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Power Transmission Lines
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Fixed payment on each electrical appliance
Prevent interest on Energy Efficiency
Different Payment Methods
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Shan State
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Cost – Benefit Analysis
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Upfront cost of EE appliances are 2 to 5 time more than the
conventional types
After using several years, total cost (initial cost + operational
cost) of the conventional type appliances are still cheaper
than the EE appliances
Replacement for damage due to unstable electricity also
affects the cost of using EE appliances
Fixed cost for each products make choosing the low initial
cost products (or) choosing bigger is better idea
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Challenges concerning with Standards & Regulations
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Lack of mandatory MEPS (Minimum Energy Performance
Standards)
Low quality low price products can enter into the market
Lack of economical incentives for EE appliances, e.g. tax
exemptions etc. on EE appliances
Retailers have not much interest on the EE appliances
End-users only interest on upfront cost
Lack of regulations for EE appliances market
No restriction on the product quality
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Awareness & Energy Labeling
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Awareness
Lack of public awareness on Energy efficiency that can
save household expenditures
Energy Labels
Myanmar do not have own energy labels
Products with energy labels are available in the market
Lack of awareness on energy labels
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Primary student knows Thailand Energy label 5 via Thai TV ad
Graduate, Electrical appliance retailer do not know EE labels
Awareness case
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Mon & Kayin State
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Policy considerations on Residential
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Challenges Policy considerationsElectricity Supply Stable electricity supply should be provided
Electricity price should not be subsidized Payment methods should be gradually changed to become uniform Have to consider alternative short term programs for lighting and
cooking in rural areas (off-grid areas)
Standards and Regulations
Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for appliances should be introduced
Regulations are issued according to the MEPS to control the quality of the products
Trade incentives on EE products should be made, E.g. tax exemptions Improvement is needed in financial mechanism & schemes
Awareness Awareness programs are promoted through public media such as newspapers, TV, radios etc.
Trainings, workshops, EE exhibitions should be done regularly Create Energy awards
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Energy saving potentials and targets
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Sector 2020 2030Residential 5% 8%EE policy Targets
Source: Ministry of Industry
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Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Conclusion
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting “New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
A new middle class population living above the poverty line is
emerging, mostly in Asia
Responsible for large share of increase energy demand
Energy expenditures is an important for household budget
Still having barriers to improve EE in low-income households
Government policies and cooperation between public and
private sector are definitely need to overcome the barriers
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