technologies for vehicle safety communications

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Technologies for Vehicle Safety Communications

Timo KoschBMW Research and Technology

Vehicle Safety Communications WorkshopHannover, May 31st 2005

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Agenda

Technological Drivers and EnablersWireless TechnologyApplications with Heterogeneous RequirementsVehicle Ad-hoc Information Networks Car-to-Car Communication SimulationCar-to-Car NetworkingSecurityPrototyping ApplicationsC2C as one building block for ITS and ADASSummary

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Technological Drivers and Enablers

Software• Development Cycles• Maintenance

Services• Short Life Cycles• Multiple Providers Process

• Towards interoperability• 3rd party services• 1st tier software

Hardware• Semiconductors• Consumer Devices• Innovation Cycles

Storage• Removable Media• Harddisk• Price• Capacity

Platforms• Open• HW & SW• Standardized

Interfaces

Hardware• Power• Integration

EnablersEnablers

Wireless Communication• GSM/GPRS, UMTS• DAB / DVB• WLAN• Bluetooth

DriversDrivers

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Wireless Technology: WLAN • Different wireless technologies evaluated

• WAVE / 802.11p as basis

• Request for exclusive frequency band in Europe

• Vehicle antenna technology

Denso WAVE Radio Modem Antenna Integration

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Safety Applications with Heterogeneous Requirements

0%P

enet

ratio

n R

ate

Infra

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ctur

e10

0%

0% Penetration Rate Vehicles 100%

Lane changewarning

Right of wayviolation warningSpeed limit

infoWork zone

warning

Intersectioncollision warning

Road conditionwarning

Post crash warning

Wrong waydriver warning

Traffic Jam Assistance

Real-TimeTraffic Information

Intelligent Traffic Flow Control

Platooning

Cooperativecollision warning

European Focus so far:

• Car-to-Car plus Car-to-Infrastructure

• Driver Information

• Message-based systems

• Establishing Ad-hoc Network

• Safety plus Comfort

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Obstacle behind a curve Low friction on rural road

Low visibility Construction area

Hazardous Scenarios (WILLWARN)

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Driver Information Applications

CAUTION! Accident 2km ahead

Accident

CAUTION! Accident 1km ahead

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minutes

50kmtolerable latency

100ms seconds

potential distribution area1km 10km

immediate intervention foresighted

imminent danger attention

driving flow/route optimisation

information

accident, obstacle

end of jam traffic jam

road works

weather, road condition

static dangers

high trafficfull break

blocked road

wrong way driver

emergency carNr. of hops?Nr. of hops?

Local Information

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Building Ad-hoc Networks: Simulation

Visualization for

• Understanding• Presenting• Debugging

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Building Ad-hoc Networks: Simulation

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Building Ad-hoc Networks: Simulation

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Connectivity

Vehicle Density(Veh/km2)

CommunicationRange (m)

Simulation: Network Properties

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Vehicle Density (Veh./km2)

Con

nect

ivity

Simulation: Network Properties

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Sparse Network

Dense Network

Network Properties: Sparse & Dense Nets

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14.5 km² Scenario

Sparse Nets: Store & Forward

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Senders

Receivers

Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Problem: These nodes don‘t

receive the message.

Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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With Street Topology Knowledge: Ensures that all/most nodes

receive message.Still saves rebroadcasts.

Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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F P

T

F F

S

StreetSection 2

StreetSection 1

StreetSection 3

StreetSection 4

Dense Nets: Efficient Geocasting

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Sensor Network: Content-based Messaging

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Redundant Messages

Signed Messages

Data Integrity, Security & Privacy

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Data Integrity, Security & Privacy

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minutes

50kmtolerable latency

100ms seconds

potential distribution area1km 10km

immediate intervention foresighted

imminent danger attention

driving flow/route optimisation

information

accident, obstacle

end of jam traffic jam

road works

weather, road condition

static dangers

high trafficfull break

blocked road

wrong way driver

emergency car

Immediate Information

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wbd

Minimum radio range:

• Dependent on worst case max. braking distance (wbd)

• Dependant on overall latency (li / lr)

• Dependent on message resend intervall (mri)

• Dependent on equipment ratemin radio range = wbd[m] + li[s] * speed[m/s]

+ (mri[s] + lr[s])*speed[m/s]

wbd = 380mspeed = 250km/h mri = 200ms li = 100ms lr = 80ms min Range 475 m ?

Immediate Information

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li

lr

Overall latency: Process chain

• Sensor activiation

• Hazard/Danger Interpretation

• Message Creation

• Medium Acces

• Message Transmission

• Integrity check

• Reputation check?

• Relevance check

• Driver Information

• Driver Response

Necessity for signing every message with a valid certificate?

Necessity for evaluation of certificate!Message size?

Immediate Information

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Prototyping: Local Danger Information

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Prototyping: Local Danger Information

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Prototyping: Immediate Traffic Information

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Hot Spot Access: Virtual City Portal

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The Technical Environment

ServiceServiceIn-Vehicle Platforms• OSGi• AutoSar

Service• Harmonization• Open Protocols• Security

Service Delivery Platforms• Interact with Provisioning• Personalization• Certification

Service Provisioning Platform• Service Registration• Service Discovery• Service Deployment• Security

Deployment• Adaptive navigation• Parking information• Traffic flow

NetworkNetwork

Safety• Danger Warning• Intersections• Merge assistance

ApplicationApplication

Wireless Communication• GSM/GPRS, UMTS• DAB / DVB • WLAN• Bluetooth

NoWNoW

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Thank You.