temperature

Temperature

Physics

What is temperature?

• It is a variable to measure “hot” and “cold”. (We will see that it is a measure of an internal kinetic energy)

Conversion from °C to °F

Use this formula:

[°F] = [°C] × 9⁄5 + 32

Conversion from °F to °C

• Use this formula in order to convert °F to °C

• [°C] = ([°F] − 32) × 5⁄9

Gabriel Farenheit

Thermal Energy

• The total of all the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a substance.

As temperature increases, so does thermal energy (because the kinetic energy of the particles increased). Even if the temperature doesn’t change, the thermal energy in a more massive substance is higher (because it is a total measure of energy).

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What is heat?

• The flow of thermal energy from one object to another. 

• Heat always flows from warmer to cooler objects:

• Ice gets warmer while hand gets cooler Cup gets cooler while hand gets warmer

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Heat transfer: conduction

Heat flows directly through a material• Heat flow fast= good thermal conductor• Heat flow very slow= thermal insulator

Convection

Heat transfer by movement of matter in a fluid.

• Forced convection (Fan, Pump)• Natural convection: (Heater, circulation -

warm air raises up, cold air sink down).

Radiation-Every object is emitting electromagnetic waves regardless of temperature .

Things we can see from their own radiation are very hot to have energy emitted in the visible region of the spectrum.

-Things also absorb radiation: If they didn’t, they would run out of energy to emit .