tenochtitlan capital of the aztec civilization
Post on 23-Dec-2015
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THE AZTECS & THE SPANISH
Aztecs• Rose in the Valley of Mexico in 1200 AD• From deserts of northern Mexico• Built their capital of Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan • City of beautiful temples, gardens & lakes,• The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice in their temples• Destroyed by the Spanish and Cortes • Built Mexico city over its ruins
NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CONQUEST
Natives: Toltecs, Maya, Aztecs…
Spanish conquest lead to the downfall of the Aztecs
1519 : Hernando Cortez landed on the coast of Mexico
1521 : Cortes and his men conquered the Aztecs
1519 1521
• Spanish brought language and catholic religion
• Mexico’s native heritage remains strong in spite of diffusion
• Name origin : name comes from Mexica (older name for Aztecs)
• Mestizo population = people of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage
THE AZTECS & THE SPANISH
COLONIALISM & INDEPENDENCE
Conflict between native people and settlers from Spain
• Blending of Spanish and Indian cultures
• Greatly affected Mexico’s development
A MEETING OF CULTURES
The culture of Mexico is a blend of Spanish influences with original native cultures
COLONY & COUNTRY
1821: Mexico declares independence from Spain.
Mid 19th century : Benito Juarez led a reform moment and became president of México.
1917 : New constitution was adopted = redistributed half of Mexico to peasants
1821 Mid 1800s 1917
1858 1876 1910
Benito Juarez • Served 5 terms from 1858 to 1872• Worked for separation of church and state• Better education opportunities • Even distribution of land. • Took land from rich and gave to peasants
Porfirio Dias• Served 2 terms, 1876-1880 and 1884-1911• Successor of Benito Juarez• Dishonest politician • Brought about a civil war and a revolution led by Francisco Madero, Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata in 1910.
LEADERS
ONE PARTY RULE1929 : New party = institutional revolutionary party (PRI)• Helped introduce democracy • Maintain political stability• Continued redistribution lands to peasants
1929 2000 2000+
2000 : Vicente Fox was elected president
For the first time in 71 yrs PRI did not control Mexico
2000 election = Mexico was gradually becoming democratic
ECONOMICS: CITIES AND FACTORIES
2 economic challenges :• Close gap between rich and poor• Develop a modern industrial economy
Mexico has traditionally been an agricultural society, although industrialization started in the mid 20th century
POPULATION & CITIES
Movement to cities• More job opportunity• More pay• Help reduce gap between rich and poor
1970: population 52 million2000: double that of 1970 at 109 million
OIL & MANUFACTURING
• Large oil reserves along Gulf of Mexico• Oil = Positive step to industrialization• Helped finance development
• Manufacturing: Most important part of economic development. The factories are located north near the U.S. border
• Maquiladoras: Factories in Mexico that assemble imported materials in to finished goods.
NAFTA = North American Free Trade Agreement
• Mexico, US, Canada
• Created huge zone of cooperation on trade
• Imported tariffs on imported goods are slowly being reduced
NAFTA
MEXICAN LIFE TODAY!
Big challenges: Jobs, Emigration & Education
EMIGRATION• Due to rapidly growing population & government policies • In search of work• Separates families
WORK AND SCHOOL • 85 % of school age kids attend school today
Mexico City Is the largest city in the world (19 million inhabitants)
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