tenses (learning materials for indonesian students who learn english language)

TENSES

Hj. Dihliza Basya, S.S., M.Pd.Email: dihlizabasya@gmail.com

Twitter: @dihlizabasyaBlog: moyazamzamshop.blogspot.com

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I C S O R S J N O N M T T E D E N N T

S Y T I M K O D P Y I E I P E C T S E

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A S O E N E N E R E L R E M E X A E

N K P G S E V A G C L A A I A P Y L

T E I D I N E I O C R S C E L

S T D W T N E H C

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TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE PAST TENSE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE PAST PERFECT TENSE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

I go to school everyday.

Morgan loves Syahrini forever.

The sun rises in the east.

What time does the film start?

S + V1 + O

EVERY

Three Times a Week

Today

Always

Habitual Action

General Truth

Schedule and Agenda

Functions:

Time Signal:

Formula:

STATIVE VERBSKata kerja yang menunjukkan waktu sekarang dan tidak boleh dalam bentuk V-ing.

Appear Belong Believe Forget Hear

Hate Have Know Like Love

Mean Mind Need Own Owe

Prefer Realize Remember Seem See

Smell Taste Understand Want Wish

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Listen! Justin Bieber is singing a good song.

Smash Personals are eating Pizza now

I am watching Titanic tonight.

Around The Time of Speaking

Functions:

S + ( is / am / are ) + V-ing + 0NOW

TONIGHTTime Signals:

EXERCISES

1 Something ______(smell) very good.2 We _____(eat) dinner at seven o’clock tonight.3 He ______(practice) the piano everyday.4 They _____(drive) to school tomorrow.5 I _______(believe) in you.6 Morgan ____(have) cold.7 Bisma ____(swim) right now.8 Rangga ____(hate) smoke.9 Dicky always ____(get) up10 Raffael ____(mow) the lawn now.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We have already written our report.

Ratu has already read the entire book.

SINCE

FOR

ALREADY

TIME SIGNALS:

FORMULA:

S + HAVE/HAS + V3 + O

function:

MENYATAKAN KEGIATAN YANG TELAH RAMPUNG/SELESAI DILAKSANAKAN SEKARANG

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Fina has been working in Germany for three years.

Over the past few years medical doctors have been searching for a drug to control the AIDS virus.

One of my friends has been working in your company since he graduated.

All these years, Luisa’s family has been living in wealthy

Function:

Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan sekarang masih berlangsung dg kemungkinan masih akan terus berlangsung.

Formula:

S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V.INGTIME SIGNALS:SINCE

FOR

EXERCISES1. She ____(work) here for ten years.

2. Look! Somebody ____(break) that window.

3. I ___(read) the book you gave me but I ____(not finish) it yet.

4. “Sorry, I’m late.” “That’s all right. I ___(no wait) long.”

5. Hello! I ___(clean) the window. So far I ___(clean) five of them and there are two more to do.6. There’s a strange smell in here. You ___(cook) something?

7. My brother is an actor. He ___(appear) in several films.

8. I ___(lost) my key. Can you help me look for it?

9. You look tired. You ___(work) hard?

10. The ceiling was white. Now it’s blue. Linda ___(paint) the ceiling.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

REGULAR (beraturan)IRREGULAR (tdk beraturan)

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Dewi went to Spain last year.

Ika did her work last night.

Function:Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.

Formula:

S + V2 + O TIME SIGNALS:YesterdayLast….Ago

Exercise1 Durro ___(write) her report last night.

2 Tantin ___(see) the movie before.

3 Evi ___(read) the newspaper already.

4 Mr. Morgan ___ (work) in the same place for thirty five years, and he is planning not to retire yet.

5 We ___(not begin) to study for the test yet.

6 Alvin ___(go) to the store at ten o’clock this morning.

7 Raisa ___(travel) around the world.

8 Kevin ___(submit) the work yesterday.

9 Titin ___(call) her employers twice a week.

10 We ___(not see) this movie yet.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau saat kegiatan lain terjadi/menyela.Menyatakan dua kegiatan berlangsung bersamaan di waktu lampau.

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada suatu waktu spesifik di masa lampau.

FUNCTIONS:

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSEUntuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau saat kegiatan lain

terjadi/menyela.SUBJECT 1 + PAST CONTINUOUS + WHEN + SUBJECT 2 + SIMPLE PAST

The engine was running when it suddenly stopped.

WHEN + SUBJECT 1 + SIMPLE PAST + SUBJECT 2 + PAST CONTINUOUS

When Aisha came home, Audrey was watching television.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSEMenyatakan dua kegiatan berlangsung bersamaan di waktu

lampau.

SUBJECT 1 + PAST CONTINUOUS + WHILE + SUBJECT 2 + PAST CONTINUOUS

Aisha was watching television while Audrey was reading a book.

WHILE + SUBJECT 1 + PAST CONTINUOUS + SUBJECT 2 + PAST CONTINUOUS

While Bisma was cooking Pasta, Morgan was dancing on the dance floor.

WHILE + SUBJECT 1 + PAST CONTINUOUS + SUBJECT 2 + SIMPLE PAST

While Raffael was watching movie, Dicky went online.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan kegiatan berlangsung di waktu lampau.

Labib was eating Maccaronscouple days ago.

EXERCISES

1. Prabu___(eat) dinner when his friend called.

2. While Ratu was cleaning the apartment, her husband ___(sleep).

3. At three o’clock this morning, Omesh ___(study).

4. When Talitha arrived, the Andersons ___(have) dinner, but they stopped in order to talk to him.5. Sandra ___(go) to France last year.

6. When the teacher ___(enter) the room, the students were talking.

7. While Rosa was writing the report, Ucok ___(look) for more information.

8. We ___(see) this movie last night.

9. At one time, Mr. Saiful Bahri ___(own) this building.

10. Norman ___(write) a letter to his family when his pencil ___(break).

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau tindakan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau. Biasanya ada dua atau lebih kegiatan yang beriringan.

Subject 1 + PAST PERFECT + BEFORE + Subject 2 + SIMPLE PAST

Nayla had gone to the store before she went home.

BEFORE + Subject 1 + SIMPLE PAST + Subject 2 + PAST PERFECT

Before Nayla went to campus, she had had her breakfast

AFTER + Subject 2 + PAST PERFECT + Subject 2 + SIMPLE PAST

After Nayla had had her breakfast, she went to campus

Subject 1 + SIMPLE PAST + AFTER + Subject 2 + PAST PERFECT

Nayla went to campus after she had had her breakfast

TIME SIGNALS:

BEFORE

AFTER

FUNCTION:

Exercises1.The house was very quite when I got home. Everybody ___ (go) to bed.

2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I __ (go) straight to bed.

3. Sorry I’m late. The car ___ (broke) down on my way there.

4. There was a car by the side of the road. It ___ (break) down and the driver was trying to repair. So we ___ (stop) to see if we could help.

5. “Was Chibi there when you arrived?” “No, he ___ (go) home.

V1 V2 V3

WriteStop

WroteStopped

WrittenStopped

Read Read Read

Get Got Gotten

WalkInsist

Walked Insisted

WalkedInsisted

Run Ran Run

Sing Sang Sang

WatchCome

WatchedCame

WatchedCome

If we finish the assignment today, we can have a free time next week.

You must study hard if you want to enter favorite university.

If you don’t have any money you can borrow from me.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCEPOLA CONDITIONALFEATURE:

IF……….., ………….……………, IF……….

THE REAL CONDITIONALType 1: Lamunan yang memiliki peluang menjadi kenyataan.

THE UNREAL CONDITIONALLamunan yang tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan.Type 2: Present Conditional -> berbeda dg kenyataan saat ini

Type 3: Past Conditional -> berbeda dg kenyataan yang sudah terjadi (lampau)

THE FORMULA

X1 Y1 REAL FACT

Present (Verb I) Simple FutureWill + Verb IShall

True In Present

Past (S + Were) Would + Verb IShould

Not True in Present

Past Perfect (Had + Verb 3) Would + Have + Verb 3Could

Not true in Past

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 1

If we finish the assignment today, we can have a free time next week.

You must study hard if you want to enter favorite university.

If you don’t have any money, you can borrow from me.

Present (Verb I) Simple FutureWill + Verb IShall

True In Present

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 2

If I had a time, I would go to the beach with you.

He would tell you about if he were here.

If I were you, I would start packing now.

Past (S + Were) Would + Verb IShould

Not True in Present

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 3

If I had known you were there, I would have written you a letter.

If you had asked me, I would have told the whole story.

If someone had walked in here with a gun, I’d have been very frightened.

Past Perfect (Had + Verb 3) Would + Have + Verb 3Could

Not true in Past

EXERCISES

1. If I were offered the job, I ________ (take) it.

2. I’m sure Fina will lend you some money, I would be very surprised if she ____(refuse).

3. Many people would be out of work if that factory _____ (close) down.

4. They are expecting us. They will be disappointed if we _____ (not come).

5. Will Diana be angry if I _____ (take) his cell-phone without asking.

6. If I sell the car she ____ (not get) much money for it.

7. Evi gave me this ring. She ____ (be) terribly upset if I lost it.

8. If someone _____ (walk) in here with a gun, I’d have been very frightened.

CAUSATIVE

A verb– such as cause, allow, help, have, enable keep, hold, let, force, require, and

make—used to indicate that some person or thing helps to make something

happen.

ACTIVE CAUSATIVE

Subject + Have+ Object (pelaku) + Verb 1 Make Let Help

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE

Subject + Have + Object (benda) + Verb 1 Get

1) “The curtains of my room need washing.”“Well, go the laundry and…..”a. Wash themb. they are washedc. it should wash themd. have them washede. make them wash

2). My little brother had scattered all his toys on my bed, so I had him ______ the bed before tonight.A. clearB. to clearC. clearedD. be clearingE. to be cleared

3. “Why are you taking the car to the garage?”“________________.”A. I will check the brakes myselfB. The brakes will be checkedC. I will have checked the brakesD. I will have the brakes checkedE. the brakes will have been checked

4. “I fixed the light in the bathroom yesterday, but it went out again today.”“why don’t you have an electrician _____it.”A. checkingB. checkedC. to checkedD. checkE. Checks

5. “I’ve tried to fixed my motorbike, but it is still not running well.”“Why don’t you have a mechanic ___ it.”A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. in checkingE. checked

6. Rudi broke his leg in the accident; therefore, _____ drive him to his work.A. he doesn’t have to ask Amir toB. he won’t have to get anybodyC. Amir has asked RudiD. Amir doesn’t have toE. he will have Amir

GIVING ADVICE AND SUGGESTION

S +

SHOULD +

V1OUGHT TO +

HAD BETTER +

ADVICE/SUGGESTION RESPONSE

ACCEPT REFUSE

Why don’t you see the doctor? Yes, I will. Oh I don’t think it is necessary

Have you thought of seeing the doctor? Yes, Maybe I should...

It would be a good to see the doctor. Yes I suppose I should ..

Perhaps you should lie down. Yes, I guess I should ... I guess not

Perhaps you had better lie down. Yes, I will.

Perhaps you ought to lie down. May be

Perhaps you had better not to go work today.

I Guess not I don’t think so

Perhaps you shouldn’t go to work today. Ok Oh no

You need to/ought to/should… All right Oh no

Make sure you…

It’s best to…

I have just lost my job at age of 40. I have a wife and 7 Children to

support and there seems to be no chance of getting another job. We

don’t want to move to another area from our friends and

relations. The other problem is that I am in debt. I owe the bank $ 6000. What should I do? Can you

give me some advice?

I am 24 years old and I have a super job in an advertising agency, working for lovely boss. The prospects for promotion look really good, but before I get too old I want to see the world.

What I dream of doing is taking a year off and hitch-hiking round the world long. The problem is that my boss says he can’t keep my job open for me. My boyfriend is against me going too.

He says it’s too dangerous. What do you think I should do?

I am a housewife and a friend has just told me that my husband, John, is having an affair with

secretary. I am worried because he often comes home late and says he has been working late at the office. Last week he said he had to go away to Paris on business. I really don’t know what

to do. Our two daughters are still at school and I don’t want John to leave us I actually still love

him. I just don’t know what to do.

Chang is a Chinese student studying English in Australia. She has been in Australia for a year.

She studies very hard but she feels her English isn’t improving very

quickly. She particularly wants to improve her listening and speaking

ability. What should she do?

You are visiting one of foreign countries, for example, Australia. When you arrive at the airport in Australia. You forget to bring your important documents. What will

you do?