tertiary orientation by hoem seiha

sikçasala sIþBI³

“karbgðajpøÚvsMrab;fñak;]tþmsikSa”Seminar on

‘ORIENTATION OF TERTIARY EDUCATION’

11-12 August, 2009

By Hoem Seiha

Director, Panhasak School

012-699-553

hoemseiha@gmail.com

CONTENT1. Analysis & Follow-up of Job

Market Demand

2. Choosing a Studies Skill in

Response to Job Market

Demand

3. Factors of Unemployment and

Redundancy

4. Self-preparation for future job

INTRODUCTION

What do you want to be

in the future?

• A lawyer

• An accountant / Cashier

• A doctor

• A marketer

• A tourist guide

• A Journalist

• A writer

• A translator / an interpreter

• A computer specialist

• A teacher / professor

• An administrator

• An engineer / architect

• A researcher

• A psychiatrist

• Others…?

Do you think you will be

able to be what you

want to be?

Yes…?

Or

No…?

You need to reconsider!

Why?

To choose a wrong way

is to get a wrong result.

CHAPTER 1

VISION

Prospect the future

and things around

you.

What’s going on?

The occurrence is

that Cambodia is

thriving…

Thriving areas are:1. Infrastructure and

construction and

urbanization

2. Industry, Agriculture,

Investment, and Trading

3. Governmental System and

Social Affairs

1. Infrastructure and construction

and urbanization

• Roads, bridges, railroads, Telecommunication, irrigation/drainage systems, airport/ports etc...

• Building, skyscrapers, condos, towns, shopping malls, hotels, etc…

Skyscraper in Phnom Penh, to be

completed in 2012, by South Korea's GS

E&C company

Skyscraper, 42-storey Gold Towers, in

Phnom Penh, hoped to be completed by

2008, by South Korean Companies

The 52-storey International Finance Complex, to be

completed by 2012

De Castle Royal Condominium, to

be completed by 2011

Camko City Phase 1 - 10 apartment buildings

Grand Phnom Penh International City,

starte d in 2006

Sihanouville Autonomous

Port, full of cargoes

International Airport in Siem Reap

Grand Hotel, Siem Reap

2. Industry, Agriculture,

Investment, and Trading

A. Tangible Industry:

Garments

Rice, maize, Food/drink processing

Petroleum, oil, gas

Wood & wood processing

Footwear

Others…

Garment Factory Workers

Garment industry employs hundred thousands of women workers each year

Iron/steel

Electronic appliances/gadgets

Automotives

Household accessories

Medicines, supplements, beauty

products

Office supplies

Jewelry

Others…

Various kinds of goods are exported and imported by trading companies

Sovanna Shopping Mall

Soriya Shopping Mall

B. Intangible Industries:

Tourism, hotels and hospitality

Education/training

Finance and Banking

Transportation & Communication

Health Care

Entertainment

Social, language/translation

Other services…

Finance and Banking Sector Increases Remarkably

Great Influx of Tourists arrive Cambodia each year

Banteay Srei Temple, in SiemReap

The Sokha Beach Hotel, in Sihanoukville

One of the Beach, in Sihanoukville

Toul Sleng Museum Toul Sleng Museum

Souvenir MarketOne Part of Royal Palace

Royal University of Phnom Penh

National University of Management, in Phnom Penh

University of Management and Economics, in Battambang

Zaman International School

Stung Treng Referral Hospital

American Academic Associates, Employment Agency

3. Governmental System and

Social Affairs

Education

Commerce & Trading

Health Services

Environment

Defense

Foreign

Agriculture, Industry, etc…

What amongst these

areas are you

interested in?

Why? (Write five reasons to support.)

CHAPTER 2

Prospect the probable

future job market.

When the country is

gradually developing,

infrastructure and

various kind of

industries and trading

as well as other fields

increase.

When infrastructure and

various kinds of

industries and trading

as well as other fields

increase,

Demand for human

resources also increase.

However…

Human-resources

over increase above

the demand (Redundancy).

Why?(Write ten reasons.)

Because…

Quantity not quality is the watchword of the education debate to date.

There are jobs out there but few young people qualified in the right

disciplines to fill them and turn the economy around.

Human Resource ImbalanceStatistics from the Ministry of Education say that 12,987 students

graduated from higher education institutes in 2008. “But we’re looking

for redistribution. There are too many university students and not

enough people at the vocational training level,” stresses Sandra

D’Amico.

The majority of students go from school to university and not to

vocational training institutes, but this does not represent the needs of

the industry. “There is a skills shortage at the technical and operational

level,” says Paul.

In 2007, a mere 200 students graduated in engineering as opposed to

4,700 in business, says Paul. “Students don’t know the demands of the

market because there are no surveys.” That’s because various

institutions and government bodies are working on specific statistics,

so there is no comprehensive national survey on the labour market.

MisperceptionFor Sandra D’Amico, another part of the problem is the lack of job

information, career guidance and advice about what is on offer. “Youth, job

seekers and education institutions are not making informed decisions based

on market needs. There is a lack of understanding, coordination and

information flow between industry (demand side) and the labor market

supply (job seekers and education providers).”

A survey conducted by the International Labor Organization (ILO)

and the Cambodian Federation of Employers and Business Associations

(Camfeba) in 2008 found that 70% of young people rely primarily on the

advice of their parents when deciding what to do after high school. Students

leave university with unrealistic expectations of the job market, D’Amico

points out.

“There are currently jobs for civil engineers, electricians, architects

and technicians,” says Ung Vannthoeun, vice-rector of Norton University,

“but most students study business, and economics. Now that sector is

oversupplied while others are undersupplied. They choose courses based on

public perception of the related industry, not job opportunities.”

The key challenge for

youth is that they…

1. Scramble for only one job

market

2. Were not qualified enough

3. Don’t possess the right

skill(s)

4. Don’t possess enough

computer skills

5. Don’t know language well

6. Don’t have any

experience

7. Don’t have practical skill

8. Don’t know how and

where to find a job

9. Behave unacceptably

What is a good

solution?

The solution is to…

1.Prospect the future job

market

2.Choose the right

subject to yourself and

to future job market

3.Study related skills

4.Learn computer skills

5. Learn languages,

especially English,

Chinese, Korean, etc.

6. Seek for experiences

7. Know where and how

to find job

8. Know many people

CHAPTER 3

How to choose a

studies skill

1.The subject must fit

your talent or

preference.

2.The subject must fit

future job market.

Example…

(1) If you’re good at

chemistry, biology, and

mathematics, you can

choose the faculty of

medical science.

(2) Is medical science a

good future field for a

future job?

The Relationship

between studies

subject and work fields

Look at this company.

Managerial

Director

Marketing

Manager

Finance/

AccountantAdministrator

Marketing

Staff

Marketing

Staff

Marketing

Staff Assistant Assistant

Secretary StaffStaffProducts

specialist

Computer

Specialist

The faculty of

Business,

Management, or

Economics

• Companies

• Factories

• Finance and Banking

• Organizations

• Education Institution

• Other Trading Activities

The Faculty of

Tourism and

Hospitality

• Travel Agencies

• Tourism Companies

• Hotels and Restaurants

& Hospitality

• Casinos

• Other Tourism Industry

The Faculty of

Computer Science (IT:

Information

Technology)

• Computer Programming

• Internet and Networking

• Designing

• Teaching/Training

• Other Computer

Services

The Faculty of

Language, Humanity

and Education

• Translation/

Interpretation

• Journalism/Media

• Research/Writing

• Education/Teaching and/

or Training

The Faculty of Laws

and Legal

• Consultancy

• Advocacy

• Laws and Justice

• Embassy and

International Relation

• Foreign Affairs

The Faculty of

Engineering

• Engineering/Repairing

• Architecture/Designing

• Construction Companies

• Infrastructure

Development

• Electricity/Electronics

The Faculty of

Medical Science

• Hospitals

• Clinics

• Health Consultancy

• Health Services

• Pharmacies/Medicines

• Laboratories

Now decide yourself.

• Don’t forget, right to

yourself and right to

future job market.

Example of relevant

cycle field of studies

The Faculty of

Business, Economics,

Management, or Finance

& Banking

• Accounting

• Marketing

• Management

• Administration

• Financing or Banking

• Computer & English

• Business Related Laws

• Business

• Taxation

• Mathematics, English

• Statistics, Research

• Macro & Micro-Eco

• Other Biz Related Fields

Frequencies of Employment Opportunity in Each Field, Issued by www.bongthom.com in Late July, 2009

Fields of Employment Percent

1. Business Administration and Management 64%

2. Sale & Marketing 44%

3. Accountant & Finance 32%

4. Computer Programming & Engineering 29%

5. Education & Training 19%

6. Engineering & Architecture 19%

7. Tourism (Restaurants, Hotels and Hospitality) 13%

8. Health & Medical 13%

9. Social Work 10%

10. Laws & Legal 8%

11. Translation & Interpretation 7%

12. Research, Analysis and Assessment 6%

13. Agriculture 6%

14. Driving 5%

15. Media & Communication 4%

Recommended Subjects

for Future 2014-2020

1st Tourism and Hotels & Hospitality

2nd Technology: Engineering, Architecture and Electronics

3rd Finance & Banking; Business & Economics ((Accounting or Marketing): now redundancy))

4th Computer Science (IT)

5th English & Education Science

6th Medical Science

7thLaws and Legal; Social Science

8th Agriculture

9th Others…

In Phnom Penh City

Siem Reap & Kampong Som 1st Tourism and Hotels & Hospitality

2nd Finance & Banking; Business & Economics ((Accounting or Marketing): now redundancy))

3rd Technology: Engineering, Architecture and Electronics

4th Computer Science (IT)

5th English & Education Science

6th Medical Science

7th Agriculture

8th Laws and Legal; Social Science

9th Others…

In Battambang City1st Finance & Banking; Business & Economics

((Accounting or Marketing): now redundancy))

2nd Tourism and Hotels & Hospitality

3rd English & Education Science

4th Computer Science (IT)

5th Technology: Engineering, Architecture and Electronics

6th Laws and Legal; Social Science

7th Medical Science

8th Agriculture

9th Others…

In Banteay Meanchey1st Finance & Banking; Business & Economics

((Accounting or Marketing): now redundancy))

2rd English & Education Science

3rd Computer Science (IT)

4th Laws and Legal; Social Science

5th Tourism and Hotels & Hospitality

6th Medical Science

7th Agriculture

8th Technology: Engineering, Architecture and Electronics

9th Others…

It’s Your Turn!

Now make a decision

over a studies

subject. Which one

do you choose?

Wish You Success!