tertiary resources

Tertiary Literature:

• Definition:– Collection of data & concepts drawn from

primary literature

• Examples:– Reference books, drug monograph collections,

review articles

Tertiary Literature:

• Advantages:– Convenient & easy to use. Information

is well established

• Limitations:– Information may be dated due to gap

between when resource is written & published

Tertiary Literature:

• When to use:– When you need to find background

information or a quick answer

Evaluation of Tertiary Literature

• Does the author have appropriate experience/expertise to publish in this area?

• Is the information likely to be timely based on publication date?

• Is the information supported by appropriate citations?

How to Identify Tertiary Sources!!!

• Author(s) or Organization• Title • Publisher• Edition number • Location of publishing• Year• ISBN

Title

Edition

Authors

Publisher

Publisher location

Years of publishing

ISBN

International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/us/isbnqa.asp

• ISBN-10 (www.isbn.org)

• ISBN-13 (www.isbn.org)

• ISSN (International Standard Serial Number – for periodical publications including electronic serials) (www.issn.org)

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Advice for the Patient: Drug Information in Lay Language

(Usp Di Vol II: Advice for the Patient)

Comprehensive pharmacy review

Examples on Tertiary Literature

General product

information

Major compendiaHandbook of clinical drug data

Handbook of non prescription drugsClinical pharmacology

Adverse effects

Meyler’s side effects of drugsDrug therapy monitoring system

Major compendia

Availability of

dosage forms

Red bookAmerican drug index

Major compendia

Compounding

• Remington: the science & practice of pharmacy• Merck index

• A practical guide to contemporary pharmacy practice

• USP/NF• Allen’s compounded formulations• Martindale: the complete drug

reference• Extemporaneous Formulations,

• Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems,

• The Art, Science and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Dietary supplement

•Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database

•Review of Natural Products• Professional's Handbook of

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

• Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs

• PDR for Herbal Medicine• Herbal Medicines: A Guide for

Health Care Professionals• Herb Contraindications and Drug

Interactions• AltMedDex

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Dosage recommendations (general and

organ impairment)

•Major compendia• Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Drug interactio

ns

•Hansten and Horn's Drug Interaction Analysis and Management• Drug Interaction Facts

• Stockley's Drug Interactions• DRUG-REAX

• Major compendia

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Drug-laboratory interference

•Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data• Laboratory Test Handbook

• Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests• Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Drugs in pregnancy

& in lactation

•Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation• Drugs During Pregnancy and

Lactation• Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating

Women• Medications and Mothers' Milk: A

Manual of Lactational Pharmacology• REPRORISK

• Major compendia 

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Foreign Drug Identification

•Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference

• Index Nominum• DRUGDEX®

• European Drug Index• Internet search engines

• Specific country resources

Geriatric Dosage

Recommendations

•Geriatric Dosage Handbook• The Merck Manual of Geriatrics

• Major compendia 

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Identification of product by description of dosage form

•IDENTIDEX®• Clinical Pharmacology

• Ident-a-Drug• Clinical Reference Library

• Electronic Facts and Comparisons 

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Investigational drug

information

•FDA website• Clinicaltrials.gov

• MedlinePlus• Manufacturer websites

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Incompatibility/stability

•Handbook of Injectable Drugs• King Guide to Parenteral

Admixtures• Trissel's Stability of

Compounded Formulations• Extended Stability for

Parenteral Drugs• Remington: The Science and

Practice of Pharmacy

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Method/rate of administration

Major compendia

Pediatric dosage recommendatio

ns

•The Harriet Lane Handbook• Pediatric Dosage Handbook

• Neofax• Major compendia 

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Pharmacokinetics

•Clinical Pharmacokinetics• Applied Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Principles of

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring• Basic Clinical Pharmacokinetics

• Major compendia 

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Pharmacology

•Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

• Basic & Clinical Pharmacology• Principles of Pharmacology 

Pharmacy law

•Reference to Syndicate of Pharmacists

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Price

•Price-Chek PC• Drug Topics Red Book

Serum or urine

therapeutic levels

•Pharmacokinetic texts above and major compendia

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Therapy evaluation/

recommendations

•Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach

• Applied Therapeutics• The Merck Manual

• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

• Cecil's Textbook of Medicine• Textbook of Therapeutics• Conn's Current Therapy  

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Toxicology information

•POISINDEX®• Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies• Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The

Basic Science of Poisons• Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning

• Poisoning & Toxicology Handbook• Clinical Management of Drug

Overdose• TOXNET 

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Veterinary medicine

•Veterinary Drug Handbook• Textbook of Veterinary Internal

Medicine• Compendia of Veterinary Products• FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine• 5-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine

and Feline  

Examples on Tertiary Literature

BNF• Gastrointestinal system• Cardiovascular system• Respiratory system• Central nervous system• Infections• Endocrine system• Obstetrics, gynecology & urinary tract

disorders

BNF• Malignant diseases and

immunosuppresion• Nutrition & blood• Musculoskeletal & joint disease• Eye• Ear, nose & oropharynx• Skin• Immunological products & vaccines• Anesthesia

BNF• Appendices

– Interactions– Liver disease– Renal impairment– Pregnancy– Breast feeding– Intravenous additives– Borderline substances– Wound management products & elastic hosiery– Cautionary & advisory labels for dispensed

medicines

• Brief description of the above resources !!!

Examples on Tertiary Literature

Drug names & synonyms

• INNs, INNMs, BANs, USANs, JANs

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