test review. the hypothesis that continents slowly move across earth’s surface
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Plate TectonicsTest Review
What is CONTINENTAL DRIFT?• The hypothesis that continents slowly move
across Earth’s surface
What evidence supports CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY?• Landforms – mountain ranges that match up along
different coast lines• Fossils – fossils of the same organism have been
found on different continents• Climate – Climate has not changed over time
Wegener’s supercontinent was called…• Pangaea
Why was CONTINENTAL DRIFT not widely accepted?• Because Wegener could not provide a mechanism
for HOW the continents moved• He could not explain why mountains formed in the
middle of continents
What features occur at DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES?• Rift valleys• Deep-sea trenches
What features occur at OCEAN-OCEAN CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES?
• Deep-sea trenches• Island arcs• Subducting plate
What features occur at OCEAN-CONTINENT CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES?
• Trench• Volcanic mountain range• Oceanic subducting plate
What features occur at CONTINENT-CONTINENT CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES?
• Folded mountain range
What features occur at TRANSFORM (SLIDING) BOUNDARY
• Trenches• Faults• Fracture zones• Earthquakes
Describe what happens to crust (created, destroyed, etc.) at each of the three major boundaries.• Divergent – created• Convergent – destroyed• Transform – neither created nor destroyed
Give an example of each type of boundary.• Transform – • San Andreas Fault
• Continental-Continental Divergent – • East African Rift Valley
• Ocean-Ocean Divergent– • Mid-Atlantic Ridge
• Ocean-Ocean Convergent – • Mariana Trench
• Continental-Continental Convergent – • Andes Mountains
What produces plate movement?• Convection currents in the mantle• Slab pull• Ridge push
Where are the youngest rocks in the ocean floor located? Why?
• The mid-ocean ridge• It’s where sea-floor spreading occurs
What are the four layers of the Earth?• Crust• Mantle• Outer Core• Inner Core
Which layer of the Earth is thinnest? Thickest?• Crust• Mantle
Which plate is the largest?• Antarctic
Which ocean is shrinking? Which is growing? WHY?• The Pacific is shrinking because of the large deep
ocean trenches.• The Atlantic is growing because of the large Mid-
Ocean Ridge.
What area do we find the most volcanoes and earthquakes?
• Ring of Fire
What are the major types of volcanoes?• Shield• Cinder cone• Composite• Hot spots
Along what boundary do volcanos occur?• Convergent boundaries
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