textile fiber intro.pdf

8/10/2019 Textile fiber Intro.pdf

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WHY TEXTILE……?

Clothing is one of the basic needs for mankind. It protectsthe body from heat and cold, but also brings out one’spersonality, enhances beauty, gives comfort and expresses thestatus of living. Thus the need to study about fiber, fabric andclothing.

What is Textile….

Textiles, generic term (from Latin texere - which meanscapable of being woven, “to weave”) originally applied to wovenfabrics, but now also applied to natural and synthetic filaments,

yarns, and threads as well as to the woven, knitted, felted,tufted, braided, bonded, knotted, and embroidered fabricsmade from them .

The term textile fibers refers to fibers that can be spun

into yarn or made into fabric.

FIBERS

Fibers are very small

visible units from which fabricsare made by one process or

another. Take a yarn or thread and

untwist until it comes apart, or

pull a single strand from an

opened cotton ball or from a

bunch of wool.

OrFibers , which can be

spun into yarn or made in to a

fabric by interlacing or inter

looping

STapLE - Fibers with the limited

length.

FILamEnT – Fibers with continuous length.

SYnTHETIc STapLE FIBER - nYLon

naTuRaL STapLE FIBER - coTTon

It is an assemblage of fibers twisted or laid together to

form continues strand suitable for use in weaving and

knitting.

coTTon

Cotton referred to as the “King of fibers” is most important

textile fiber in the world. Cotton fabrics were made by the ancient

Egyptian, Chinese and of course Indian civilizations.

Cotton is a vegetable cellulosic fiber grown widely in hot

climates the world over. It is non-allergenic, and absorbs moisture

and dries quickly, giving it a cooling effect. Since it is even stronger

wet than dry, it is also very easy to wash. Cottons treated with caustic

soda and then stretched to make them smoother, more polished in

appearance, stronger, and less prone to shrinkage than untreated

cotton yarns are referred to as' mercerized

Wool as protein fiber, spun from the fleece of sheep, is

versatile, durable and elastic. A single wool fiber can be twistedand turned 20,000 times without breaking and can be stretched 30

to 50 percent beyond its original length and rebound without

damage, which is why a garment made of wool retains its original

shape and naturally resists wrinkles.

Air spaces between the elastic crimps in wool fibers create

an insulating barrier which shields the body from cold or hot air,

regulating the body's natural temperature. Its ability to absorb up

to one-third its weight before it feels wet to the touch allows wool

to absorb perspiration and release it gradually, preventing chills

under a variety of weather conditions.

Wool is a natural protein fiber and considered as Man’s best friend. Sheepskin,

including the hair, was probably used long before it was discovered that fibers

could be spun into yarns or even felted into fabric. The earliest fragments of wool

fabric have been found in Egypt but Mesopotamia is the birth place of wool.

While silk is not spun from animal hair, it is considered an

animal fibre because it has a protein structure. Like animal hairfibers, silk is also a good insulator, keeping you warm in winter, and

cool in summer. Silk yarn is made from the thread-like filaments the

silkworm spins around itself to form its cocoon. When unwound, a

single filament can be as long as 1000 metres, which explains silk's

beautiful luster, drape and strength .

Silk has been considered as one of the most elegant and

luxurious of fibers. It is popularly known as the Queen of fabrics.

The method of raising silk worms and removing the silk filaments

from the cocoons, and of using the silk in weaving for garments was

discovered byHsi-Ling-Chi, a little Empress of China

jute is commercial natural fiber of cellulosic origin.

Vegetable type bast fiber. It is the 2nd mostly used fiber after cotton

and also the oldest fiber.

FLaX LInEn

FLaX –LInEn

A fiber obtained from the stem of the Flax plant

It is also vegetable fiber origin bast fiber. Manufacturing is similar

to linen. It having good absorbency then cotton.

HEmpIt is also bast fiber. Stronger than jute and flax. Same

manufacturing process as flax. Hemp is a vegetable fibers that are

heavier and coarser than either linen or ramie. It is often used to

make twines and sacking. Hemp come from the stems of the hemp.

angoRa

The very best angora, which is combed from the Angora

rabbit, is an extremely soft, fluffy, and warm fiber. Each rabbit can

only provide a small amount of angora, so the expensive fiber isoften combined with other fibers. This process also helps to

alleviate some of the shedding that occurs with angora due to the

shortness of its fibers.

caSHmERE

While somewhat weaker than wool, cashmere is luxurious--

extraordinarily soft, resilient, and receptive to dyes. This rare andexpensive fiber is combed once a year from the bellies of the

cashmere goat, which lives only in the mountains of China and

Tibet.

compaRISon oF noRmaL WooL To caSHmERE

poLYESTERS

Polyester (traditionally from diethylene glycole and

terephtalic acid) is referred to as Dacron. These fibers are very easy

to care for. They are extraordinarily wrinkle resistant even whenwet and hold their shape well. The fibers' strength is useful when

combined with other fibers to add strength and stability to the end

result.

textile fiber intro.pdf

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