thai myanmar cambodia tbl

Thailand-Myanmar/Cambodia :Transboundary Machanisms for

Strategic Planning and Management of Landscapes

By : Songtam Suksawang Ph.D. E

National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department

Fragmentation of Forest

Complex and Protected Area

in Thailand and GMS

Fragmentation Impact

Forest fragmentation in Protected Area

Transboundary Protected Areas of Thailand and GMS

’Common Vision’

“By 2020, Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar will

have established a common cooperative

framework for the conservation and sustainable

management of the Trans-boundary Protected Areas

of the GMS in order to strengthen the protection of the

trans-boundary habitats of wide-ranging wildlife

species and will endeavor to maintain the viability

and ecological integrity of the forest ecosystems

and increase its land use and climate change

adaptation capability to transform the Trans-boundary

Biodiversity Conservation in GMS into an

international symbol of Trans-boundary PA

Landscape.”

Objectives 1. To share general ideas and opinions on protected area management between Thailand – Myanmar and Cambodia 2. To learn experiences of protected area management between the three countries. 3. To develop Cooperation between Thailand – Myanmar and Cambodia in conservation of wild fauna and flora especially along border of Thailand and two countries. 4. TO contribute to the long-term sustainable conservation of transboundary biodiversity conservation in the Tenassarim Range between Thailand and Myanmar. 5.TO contribute to the long-term sustainable conservation of transboundary biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Forest Complex between Thailand and Cambodia.

Key steps for Thailand -Myanmar Key Steps for Trans-boundary Landscape Conservation

Cooperation Initiatives between Myanmar and Thailand

Initial feasibility assessment of trans-boundary cooperation

between Myanmar and Thailand

Selection of the priority areas for cooperation

Develop terms and conditions for bilateral cooperation

between Forest Department, Myanmar and Department of

National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Thailand

Getting approval for bilateral cooperation

Implementation of the collaborative conservation activities

แนว เ ชื่ อ ม ต่ อ ร ะหว่ า ง ป ระ เ ทศ

T RA N S BO UN DA RY C O RR IDO R

www.flickr.com

Thailand Biodiversity Corridor Initiative Tiger corridors

ส่วนศึกษาและวิจัยอุทยานแห่งชาติ ส านักอุทยานแห่งชาติ

Background

• The Taninthayi (Tenasserim)

eco-region

• Global outstanding of

terrestrial biodiversity:

• dry evergreen & semi-

evergreen forests

• Endangered species

• World’s largest

populations of Asian

elephant and tiger

Prospects for Thailand-Myanmar

Tanithayi National Park is the Priority Site for

trans- boundary conservation cooperation

initiative

High feasibility for collaborative management

between Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex and

Taninthayi Forest Complex

Also, high potential for nomination as Trans-

boundary World Heritage Site

Thematic areas for bilateral cooperation will

include

i. Conservation of biological diversity and

intact ecosystems

ii. Collaborative research on ecological

connectivity and habitat distribution

iii. Cross-border control of illegal wildlife trade

between Myanmar and Thailand

Biodiversity hotspots

Proposed WH

“Kaeng Krachan complex”

Project Site

Myanmar – Taninthayi Hills

Taninthayi NP (proposed) - A

Taninthayi Nature Res. - B

(3,910 km2)

Thailand – Kaeng Krachan Complex

Mae Nam Pachi WS (17)

Chalerm Prakiat NP (18)

Kaeng Krachan NP (19)

Kui Buri NP (20)

(4,704 km2)

Total ~ 8,614 km2

Fauna in Thailand Guar

Tiger

Sambar Deer

Banteng

Muantjac

Elephant

Wild pig

Home of many Globally threatened species e.g. (Courtesy of WCS)

Malayan Tapir - VU

Asian Elephant - EN

Stump-tailed Macaque - VU

Banteng - EN Asian Wild Dog - EN

Gaur - VU

Serow - VU

Asiatic Black Bear - VU

6 species of Wild Cats detected (Courtesy of WCS)

Leopard Cat

Golden Cat

Fishing Cat Marble Cat

Leopard Tiger

Transboundary Thailand- Mynemar

ศูนย์ศึกษาและวิจัยอุทยานแห่งชาติ จังหวัดเพชรบุรี

Biodiversity richness of Taninthayi Region

246 plant species, 112 mammals, 152 fishes, 66 snakes, 99 birds

31 mammal species, 212 birds species and 93 fish species

120 plants, 19 mammals, 228 birds 19 reptiles, 42 fish species

384 plant species, 67 mammals, 244 birds species

17 mammals, 260 bird species

Flora and Fauna of TNR

• Tropical rain forests: Giant

evergreen, Sub-evergreen,

Moist deciduous, Riverine,

Dry deciduous, Hill ever-

green and Tidal forest

• Flora: 384 species, 3 CR,

• 4 EN and 6 VU Species,

• 67 Mammal species:

• EN Species: Asian Elephant,

Tiger, Tapir, Serow,

Gibbons, Gaur and Bears

• 244 Bird species

• 10 NT and 3 VU species

Dawna Tenasserim Landscape

• This Landscape includes 30,539 km² of protected areas

• Nearly 50,000 km² of wilderness area

• Providing shelter to over 150 mammals and nearly 570 bird species.

• It contains one of the largest protected area networks in Southeast Asia.

• Habitat of tiger, Siamese crocodile and Gurney’s Pitta and Fea’s muntjac.

• WWF had learned construction of Dawei- Kanchanaburi High Way Road.

• Moreover, new 3 fish species of Taninthayi River has been found.

9 of 12 Key Biodiversity Areas

in Taninthari Region

KBAs Priority

Taninthayi Nature Reserve High

Myinmo Letkhat area High

Taninthayi National Park Info need

Northern Laynya Low

Laynya National Park (Ext) High

Laynya National Park High

Lampi Marine NP High

Parchan area Medium

Shark Protected Area Info need

Threats in Thailand

• Forest clearing and subsequent land encroachment; • Small scale illegal logging; • Influx of refugees and in-migration; • Increasing settlement; • Further fragmentation; • Forest fires and repeated burning • Commercial level and subsistence poaching

Challenges in BCI Phase 1

Elephant Serow

Sambar

Tiger

Guar

Common muntjac

Leopard

Wildlife and Its Habitat

Assessment in the Corridor Zone

Opportunities

BCI restoration area

BCI restoration area

Constraints to develop Trans-boundary corridor

• Although Development disturbs

Conservation, high technology

can be used in the construction

of Highway road.

• settlement area may block

biological corridor.

• Project was adjourned since last

year.

Key Threats

• Poaching

• Fragmentation & encroachment

• Illegal logging and legal logging

• Settlements inside and around the park

• Forest fires

• Human-elephant conflict

Threats in Thailand

• Forest clearing and subsequent land encroachment; • Small scale illegal logging; • Influx of refugees and in-migration; • Increasing settlement; • Further fragmentation; • Forest fires and repeated burning • Commercial level and subsistence poaching

Trans-boundary Landscape Initiative of Protected Areas

in Thailand and Cambodia .

Transboundary Thailand-Cambodia-LaoPDR: Emeral Triangle

Species on the Verge or Over the Edge of Extinction

Species which formerly occurred in the Preah Vihear Protected Forest (PVPF) include : • Asian Two-horned Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). • Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), which was last observed in Cambodia in

the 1930s. • Kouprey (Bos sauveli), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 1964. • Wild Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 1964. • Indochinese Tiger (Panthera igris), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 2003. • Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus). • Large-antlered Muntjac (Megamuntiacus).

@ Alain Compost

@ Alain Compost

Transboundary Thailand -Cambodia

Transboundary Thailand-Cambodia

Transboundary Thailand- Cambodia

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- Ecosystems and Connectivity and Biodiversity - Local Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction in Transboundary Landscape - Climate change and Transboundary Landscape - Sustainable Financing