thayer regional security architecture asia pacific
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Regional Security
Emeritus Professor Carl Thayer
Securit Studies Re ional
Australian Command and Staff College
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Types of Security Architectures
Collective Securit
Collective Defence Security Regime
Securit Communit
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Article 51 Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the
inherent right of individual or collective self-defence
if an armed attack occurs against a Member of then e a ons, un e ecur y ounc as a en
measures necessary to maintain international peace
.
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rt c e
Nothing in the present Charter precludes the
ex s ence o reg ona arrangemen s or agenc es or
dealing with such matters relating to the
are appropriate for regional action provided that
such arrangements or agencies and their activities
are consistent with the Purposes and Principles ofthe United Nations.
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e a o s
Korean War
Vietnam War
Collective security or collective defence? North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO
South East Asia Treaty Organisation SEATO
Laotian crisis 1961-62
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SEATO, 1954-76
South East Asia Collective Security Treaty
South East Asia Treaty Organisation , , rance, ustra a, ew ea an ,
Pakistan, Thailand and the Philippines
COIN internal focus
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Collective Defence
A ances are one orm o co ect ve e ence
coalitions, mutual assistance agreements
to cooperate in using their military resources
against a specific state or states. Alliances usually obligate one or more of the
signatories to use force or to consider the use of
orce - un a era y or n consu a on - n spec ecircumstances.
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Functions of Alliances
subscribe to them, and allow for aninternational division of labour
2) assist the signatories in maintaining their
internal securit ;
3) serve to restrain the behaviour of other states;
anarchical international system (eg. by drawinga line, or ali nin nations
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Collective Defence and the Asia-Pacific
an ranc sco ystem
U.S. Mutual Security/Defence Treaties
Japan, South Korea, Republic of China
Philippines, Thailand
Australia and New Zealand (ANZUS)
arrangements in Asia-Pacific
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US Hub and Spokes Model
Ja an
SouthANZUS
USA
TaiwanThailand
Philippines
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A group of states cooperate to manage theirdis utes and avoid war b seekin to mute
their security dilemma
,
behaviour
=
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A group of states
attained a sense of community or collectiveidentity
adopted formal or informal institutions and
ractices
become integrated
o epen a e expec a ons o peace uchange,
rule out the use of force to solve disputes
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Re ional Securit AssociationsLongevity (in Years)
ASEAN (44)
Shanghai Cooperation
APEC (22)
ASEAN Plus Three (14) CSCAP (18)
ARF (17) Shangri-La Dialogue (9)
ASEM (15) East Asian Summit (6)
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A i i n f h E A i n i n
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.Nations (ASEAN)
To accelerate the economic growth, social
To promote regional peace and stability
Ban kok Declaration Au ust 8 1967
Founding members:
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and
Thailand Conflict avoidance/regional autonomy
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ASEANs Dialogue Partners
Australia (1974) New Zealand (1975)
UNDP (1977)
South Korea (1991)
EU (1977)
Japan (1977)
India (1996)
China (1996) Canada (1977)
United States 1977
Russia (1996)
Pakistan (1997)*
*sectoral partner
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Post-Ministerial Conference
DialoguePartners
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ASEAN Defence Ministers + 8China
USARussia
ASEAN Newe ence
Ministers
Zealand
ustra a
JapanSouthKorea
India
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Five Ex ert Workin Grou s
MaritimeSecurit
HA/DR
Keeping
Terrorism
Militarye c ne
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2. Five Power DefenceArrangements
Formed 1971
defence of Malaysia and Singapore indivisible
consultative body annual joint training exercises
Integrated Air Defence System (IADS)
Confidence building measure betweenMalaysia and Singapore
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Integrated Area Defence System (2000) Ex andin role in addressin as mmetric
threats (2003)
Onl effective multilateral militar structurewith an operational dimension in SoutheastAsia
Facilitates cooperation in other areas Malaysia in East Timor
Singapore and NZ in Afghanistan
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3, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
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oun er-Terrorism Task
Secure Trade
Region (STAR)
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. ounc or ecur tyr i n in A i -P ifi
(CSCAP)
Established 1984 Established 1991
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E i miCommunity
Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University,Australia.
n vers y o oron o- or n vers y o n en er or s a ac c u es,Canada.
Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Indonesia.
, .
The Seoul Forum for International Affairs, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Strategic and International Studies, Malaysia.
, .
Singapore Institute of International Affairs, Singapore (replaced by Institute forDefence and Strategic Studies).
, .
Pacific Forum/CSIS, United States of America.
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CSCAP and the ARF
rac ac v es n rs a o year
Track 2 activities in second half of year ARF Chair and CSCAP
Informal to formal relationshi ?
Possible editor of annualAsia Pacific Security
Outlook
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. eg ona orum -
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ASEAN Regional Forum
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Membershi Ex ansionBrunei China M anmar
Indonesia European Union Cambodia
Philippines South Korea North Korea
Thailand PNG Pakistan
Australia United States Bangladesh
ana a aos r an a
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6. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1996 Shanghai Five China Russia Kazakhstan K r stan
Tajikistan
Address security problems along borders
g y s ruc ure n er-governmen aorganisation
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7. Asia Europe Meeting - ASEM
Inaugural Summit March 1996 oun ng mem ers
Ministerial meetings annually Summits every two years
Coordinators two from each side
Dialogue platform
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1 Political =
fight against terrorism, the management of migratory flows,
human rights, global environment challenges, and the impactof globalisation
2 Economic and Financial
nvestment, nanc a an soc a po cy re orm3 Cultural and Intellectual
oopera on n g er e uca on
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8. ASEAN Plus Three - APT
ASEAN plus China, Japan, South Korea
1997-98
government/state
conom c ocus Non-traditional security issues on agenda
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9. Shangri-La Dialogue
Initiated by International Institute of StrategicStudies (IISS) in 2002
Participation by defence ministers from 15
countries Plus 6 deputy ministers or senior officials
2003 Chiefs of Defence Staff
National Security Advisors and PermanentUnder Secretaries for Defence (2004-05)
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10. Six Party Talks
North Korea withdraws from Non-Proliferation Treat 2003
Six parties: North and South Korea, China,
, . .
2005 Agreement
u sequent ort orean nuc ear tests Talks suspended
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11. East Asian Summit
1st
Summit held in Kuala Lumpur,December 14 2005
Promote peace, stability and economic
ASEAN members + China, Japan, South Korea,
, ,
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Plus USA & Russia
Patterns of Security Cooperation
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PatternsofSecurityCooperation US PACOM
Theatre
Sub-regionalmiddle powermultilateralism
Engagement FPDA
Middlepowers
Hierarchical
operating as
equals
. .Leadership
ASEAN-centric
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ExclusiveEast Asian
ASEANRegional
ASEAN PlusThree (China,
lateralismRegionalism
Forum
ADMM-Plus
Japan, SouthKorea)
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institution] effectively covers the Asia-Pacific
Multiple overlapping architectures deal with
ar an so secur y c a enges
The ASEAN Way embedded in ARF and
EASNo enforcement structures
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Conclusion
Spread of cooperative security norms
Six Party Talks
Shangri-la Dialogue
row ng n er epen ence across e s a-Pacific Region
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Ar hi r
Emeritus Professor Carl Thayer
Australian Command and Staff Colle e
Security Studies (Regional)
e e e ,
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