the agricultural/industrial revolution

The Agricultural/IndustrialRevolution

Causes:1. Expanding Atlantic economy and British Empire

2. Natural conditions favorable

•Coal

•Iron

•Waterways

3. Agricultural Revolution, 1700-1800

•Jethro Tull, 1674-1741

• First Modern Farmer

• Invented seed drill

Seed Drill

Agricultural Rev. (contd.)

•Enclosures

•Crop rotation system

•Improvement became the goal

Agricultural Rev. (contd.)•Led to:

•More efficient food production

•Cheaper food

•More disposable income•Less workers needed in rural areas

4. Political conditions•Constitutional Monarchy

•Relative Stability•Economic growth

5. Legal conditions

•No internal tariffs

•Patent law encouraged invention

6. Financial Conditions•Effective central bank (1694)

•well-develop credit markets

•Stock market•Plenty of capital• Money, Materials, Workers, ect.

7. Proto-industry•Putting-out system or cottage industry

•Division of labor

8. Major technological advances

•Cotton is king!

• 1760s - James Hargreaves invented Spinning Jenny•1760s - Richard Arkwright invented Water Frame

•1779 - Samuel Crompton invented the Spinning Mule

8. Major technological advances (contd.)

•1770s: Arkwright also developed the Factory System:

•One roof

•Central source of power

•Division of Labor                            

8. Major technological advances (contd.)

•Steam Power:

•1698: Thomas Savery invented a steam engine

1712: Thomas Newcomen invented a steam engine

8. Major technological advances (contd.)

•Steam Power:•1765: James Watt greatly improved Newcomen engine

•1820s: Railroads: George Stephenson’s Rocket

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

What? Major change in the economy caused by

the shift to industry with labor-saving machines.

When? Really got going in Europe in the mid to

late 1700’s. Really got going in America after the

Civil War.(1860’s +)

WHY?Eight Reasons

Rail RoadsReally took off after

the Civil War in U.S.

Ex. In 1840 US had 3,000 miles of track and by 1860 30,000

Started many business practices that made the Industrial Revolution possible

Rail Roads

WHY?Eight Reasons

Rail Roads

New Lands

New Lands

Nations built Rail Roads in colonies to extract resources.

Federal Govt. gives western land free to Rail Raods to encourage business and Settlement.

Rail Roads took farmers out to their land, carried their crops to market , and brought them manufactured goods.

WHY?Eight Reasons

Rail Roads

New Lands

Immigration

ImmigrationRail Road companies adverstise in Europe to attract immigrants to lands

Most immigrants settle in cities, joining the urban industrial workforce

WHY?Eight Reasons

Rail Roads

New Lands

Immigration

Urbanization

UrbanizationRail Roads made cities possible providing them with the food they needed, raw materials, and new markets

For the 1st time, more people have non-farming than farming jobs

Thinking Slide

Which cause do think is most important so far?

Explain

WHY?Eight Reasons

Rail Roads

New Lands

Immigration

Urbanization

Innovations

InnovationsSteel rails – safer and cheaper

More examples: Cash registertypewriterRefrigerator carTelephoneLight bulbPhonograph

WHY?Eight Reasons

Rail Roads

New Lands

Immigration

Urbanization

Innovations

New Business Practices

New Business Practices“Pool” – agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits

Where there is $ there is corruption and Railroads introduced much of both

WHY?Eight Reasons

Rail Roads

New Lands

Immigration

Urbanization

Innovations

New Business Practices

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism“Survival of the Fittest”

The rich have more money because they have better businesses

WHY?Eight Reasons

Rail Roads

New Lands

Immigration

Urbanization

Innovations

New Business Practices

Social Darwinism

Govt. Laissez-

Faire

Govt. Laissez-FaireLaissez-Faire “Hands Off”

Government did not interfere with the economy and businesses

Thinking Slide:

Do you think we could use more “Laissez Faire” economic policies today?

Explain