the bales of world war ii - mr.nick sullivan -...

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TheBaClesofWorldWarII

EUROPEANTHEATRE

Battle of the Atlantic (1942-1943)

I.  In the early stages of US involvement in WW2 German U-boats successfully destroyed American shipping & kept American troops and supplies from reaching Europe

II.  US ships began using a convoy system that was surrounded

by battleships, destroyers and airplanes for protection III.  This system allowed the US sink German U-Boats and gain

control of the Atlantic Ocean A.  Supply lines remained open and Germany began losing naval battles…

IV.  Significance: the Allies kept supply lines open allowing them to win the war…

TheConvoySystem

Battle of Stalingrad (1941-1943)

I.  In order to win the war in Europe the Allies needed to surround the German Army and push them back into Germany

II.  1941: Germany broke the Non-Aggression Pact and invaded the Soviet Union; quickly the Germans took over the majority of the country

III.  At the city of Stalingrad the German army was stopped by bitter cold & lack of supplies

A.  Starving and freezing the German Army surrendered to Soviet forces in January of 1943

IV.   Significance: the German army was stopped by the Soviets who then began pushing them back into Germany

V.  Stalingrad became one of the turning points of the war in Europe à beginning of the end for Germany

Battle in North Africa (1942-1943)

I.  By 1941 the North African countries were under Axis control

II.  In 1943 Dwight Eisenhower led Operation Torch à the Allies successfully invaded North Africa

III.  The Allies won back N. Africa and began pushing the Axis

forces back into Europe

IV.  Significance: the Allies effectively drove the Axis powers out of Africa and back into Europe leading to their surrender

AlliesTakeBackEurope

I.  During1943&1944theAlliesslowlybegantakingbackEuropeandbeganpushingHitler’sarmybackintoGermany

II.  TheAlliescanwinthewarbuttheyneedtocrushHitlerandtheGermanyArmyinsideofGermany!

A.  SovietspushfromonesideàBri@shandAmericanspushfromtheother

III.  TheSovietswerealreadydrivingGermanyfromtheeastbuttheAlliess@llneededtofindawaytopushtheGermanarmyfromthewesternfront

IV.  TheAlliesneededtoinvadeGermancontrolledFrancetocrush

NaziGermanyfrombothsides

D-Day

I.  June6,1944AlliedforcesbeginOpera@onOverlordA.  TheinvasionofNazicontrolledFranceB.  Canada,GreatBritain&theUnitedStateslaunchedamassive

amphibiousinvasionatNormandyinFranceII.  Germansoldiershadfor@fiedthebeachesofFranceto

preventAlliedinvasion

III.  TheAlliesinvadedthebeachesatNormandy,FranceandsuccessfullybegandrivingtheGermansbackintoGermany

I.  D-DaybecametheturningpointinWorldWarIIinEuropeA.  Germandefeatisinevitablea\erthesuccessfulinvasionbythe

Allies

II.  TheAlliesnowcontrolthewesternandeasternfrontsoftheGermanArmyandbeganpushingthembackwithintheirownbordersA.  OnceinsideGermanytheAlliescancrushtheGermanArmy

AlliesMarchToGermany

I.  BySeptember1944theAlliestookbackallofFrance,Belgium&Luxemburg

II.  U.S.militarysuccessledFDRtobeelectedtohis4thtermaspresident…

A.  OnlypresidenteverelectedmorethantwiceB.  Diednotlongintohis4thterm

III.  TheAlliedforcesbeganthefinalpushintoGermanyàcrushtheGermanarmyandforcethemtosurrender

The Battle of the Bulge (1944) I.  The Battle of the Bulge

A.  Fought as the Allied Army invaded Germany B.  Hitler tried to push the Allies back with a desperate invasion of

Allied controlled territory… II.  The German army fought back against the Allied invasion

that created a bulge in the Allies’ lines III.  In the end the Allies successfully pushed the German Army

back into Germany

IV.   Significance: the German army was pushed back into Germany beginning the surrender of Axis forces

V-EDayI.  April1945:SovietforcesarrivedinBerlinandbeginar@llery

aCacksonthecityàtheAmericansandBri@shforcesarrivedshortlya\er

II.  AstheAlliesadvancedonBerlin,Hitler&hiswifecommiCedsuicideratherthanbecaptured…

III.  May8,1945Germanyuncondi@onallysurrenderedtotheAlliesA.  V-EDay(VictoryinEuropeDay)B.  FDRneversawV-EDay;hediedApril12,1945C.  VPHarryTrumanbecamepresidentthatsameday…

IV.  Significance:WorldWarIIisoverinEurope…

PACIFICTHEATRE

THEPACIFICCAMPAIGN

I.  TheJapaneseEmpireexpandedthroughoutAsiaduringtheleaduptoWorldWarII

A.  TookoverHongKong,FrenchIndochina(Vietnam),Malaya,Burma,Thailand&mostofChina

II.  TheJapaneseMilitaryprovedaformidablefigh@ngforcefortheUSmilitaryintheearlystagesofWorldWarII

Battle of the Philippines I.  March 1942: Japan successfully took the

Philippines from the United States A.  The first time American territory had been taken from

the U.S.A. B.  General Douglas MacArthur was forced to abandon the

Philippines as Japanese troops closed in on the American forces

II.  Significance: demonstrated Japan’s military power

and took a valuable military port from the USA

Doolittle’s Raid I.  In Spring 1942 Allies began an offensive push against

the Japanese military in the Pacific II.  James Doolittle led successful air attacks on Tokyo

(capital of Japan) A.  American bombers fire bombed Tokyo B.  Destroyed Tokyo and the industrial complex located there

III.  Significance: boosted American moral & destroyed valuable Japanese military industries

BaCleofMidway(June3-6,1942)

I.  InJuneof1942JapanaCackedtheMidwayIslandsinthePacificA.  ACemp@ngtodestroyAmericanmilitaryinthePacific

II.  ThetwosidesfoughtathreedaynavalbaClethatincluded

hundredsofairplanesandcountlessships

III.   Significance:becametheturningpointofthewarinthePacificA.  TheJapanesenavywascrippledàlostallvaluableships&

planesB.  USgainedJapaneseterritoryC.  USarmybeganislandhoppingclosertoJapan(surrender)

AmericanOffensive

I.  FollowingAmericansuccessatMidway,theU.S.A.begananoffensiveaCackontheJapaneseempire

II.  TheAmericanmilitarygainedvictoriesat:A.  Guadalcanal:firstAmericanlandvictoryoverJapanB.  Philippines:theU.S.A.tookitbackfromJapan(1944)C.  LeyteGulf:destruc@onofJapanesenavy

BaCleofIwoJimaI.  1945AmericanMarinescaptured

IwoJimaA.  A\erIwoJimaAmericanbombers

couldreachJapanB.  BloodiestbaCleofthePacific:i.  20,700Japanesedefendersà200

survivedii.  6000marinesdiedtakingIwoJima

II.  Significance:onlyoneisland(Okinawa)remainedin-betweentheUSAandJapan;USAisclosinginonJapanesesurrender

BaCleofOkinawaI.  April1945:U.S.A.invadedislandofOkinawa

II.  June21,1945:AlliesinvadedandcontrolledOkinawaA.  7,600Americancasual@esB.  Japanlost110,000defendingtheisland

III.  Significance:BaCleofOkinawaprovedhowdifficultaninvasionoftheJapanesehomelandwouldbe;nowtheUSAisclosinginonJapanandsurrender

BombingofHiroshima&Nagasaki

I.  August6,1945:theU.S.A.droppedanatomicbombonHiroshima,Japan

A.  In43secondstheen@recitywasdestroyedB.  Japans@llwouldnotsurrender

II.  August9,1945:theU.S.A.droppedasecondatomicbombonNagasaki,Japan

III.  Significance:200,000JapanesecivilianswerekilledinthebombingsofJapan,only@menuclearweaponshavebeenused;Japanwasforcedtosurrender

TheEnolaGay:bombedHiroshima“LiCleBoy”

Bockscar:bombedNagasaki“FatMan”

V-JDayI.  EmperorHirohitoaskedforsurrenderpaperssoon

a\erthesecondatomicbombing…

II.  OnSeptember2,1945JapanformallysurrenderedtoAlliedforces

A.  WorldWarIIisnowofficiallyover!!!B.  6yearsand1daya\erHitlerinvadedPoland,theworldis

onceagainatpeace…

EndofWorldWarII

The Yalta Conference I.  February 1945: a meeting in the Soviet Union was

called to discuss how to punish Germany and prevent World War III

II.  The Big Three: Churchill, Stalin, FDR III.  The Allies agreed to split Germany into four zones

A.  Each zone would be governed by a different country B.  France, Great Britain, U.S.A. & U.S.S.R.

IV.  Yalta Conference was the agreement to end World War II