the cardiorespiratory system

THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The Body’s Transport System

The Cardiovascular System

Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

The Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells.

Blood contains cells that fight disease.

Delivering Needed Materials

Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your other body cells.

Blood also transports glucose cells use to produce energy.

Removing Waste Products

The cardiovascular system removes wastes from cells.

The waste product of carbon dioxide is passed from cells into the blood and carried to the lungs where it is exhaled.

Fighting Disease The cardiovascular system also

transports cells that attack disease-causing microorganisms.

The Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels of the body.

In a year, the heart pumps enough blood to fill more than 30 competition size swimming pools.

Your Heart

It is about the size of your fist.

The heart lies beneath the sternum and inside the rib cage.

It is made of cardiac muscle, which contracts over and over again without getting tired.

The Heart’s Structure

Has a right and left side.

Separated by a wall of tissue called the septum.

Each side has two compartments or chambers.

Each of two upper chamber of the heart are called atrium.

The pacemaker is located in the right atrium.

The pacemaker is a group of heart cells that send out a signal for the heart to beat.

The Heart Atria

The Ventricles of the Heart

Each lower chamber, called a ventricle, pumps blood out of the heart.

The atria are separated from the ventricles by valves.

A valve is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards.

Patterns of Blood Flow

Flow of blood is like a figure 8

Two loops cross at the heart

The first loop travels from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

The blood is oxygen-poor therefore it is dark red.

Going to the Lungs

Large vessels branch into smaller ones

Capillaries are the site of gas exchange

Oxygen moves from the lungs into the capillaries

Carbon Dioxide moves from the capillaries to the lungs to be exhaled

To the Body and Back Left atrium fills

with blood from the lungs

Continues into left ventricle

Blood is then pumped into the aorta, the largest artery in the body.

Blood then flows to different parts of your body.

Back to the heart Blood vessels are

in close contact with body cells

Oxygen moves out of the blood and into body cells

Carbon Dioxide passes from the body cells into the blood and back to the right atrium of the heart.

Types of Blood Vessels

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Artery Structure

Have very thick wall structure

Can withstand enormous pressure of pumped blood

Coronary arteries branch off the aorta and carry blood to the heart

Regulating Blood Flow

The layer of muscle in the artery adjusts the amount of blood sent to the different organs.

Veins Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

The walls are much thinner than arteries.

Contraction of skeletal muscles help push the blood along

Valves prevent backflow

Breathing exerts squeezing pressure against veins forcing blood towards heart

Capillaries

From the arteries, blood flows into tiny, narrow vessels called capillaries. Substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells.

Capillaries are only one cell thick

Pulse Your pulse is caused

by the expansion and relaxation of the artery wall

The heart’s ventricles contract and send out a spurt of blood

This spurt causes the artery to expand

The artery walls relax after the spurt has passed on

Blood Pressure Blood pressure

travelling through blood vessels exerts a force against the walls of the blood vessels. This is called blood pressure.

Blood pressure decreases as blood moves away from the heart

Measuring Blood Pressure Blood pressure is

measured with an instrument called a sphygmomanometer

Blood is expressed in mmHg

First # is when ventricles contract

Second # is when ventricles relax

The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System removes oxygen from the outside environment into the body.

Carbon Dioxide and water are removed as waste products from the body.

Oxygen The process in which

oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells is called respiration.

Your cells cannot burn enough glucose without oxygen to keep you alive

Breathing is movement of air into and out of the

The Path of Air

As air travels from the outside to the lungs, it passes through the nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi.

The Nose

Air enters here into the nasal cavities

Mucus produced here warms the air and keeps lining from drying out

Cilia sweep mucus into the throat, where it is swallowed

The Pharynx

Air enters the pharynx or throat.

Both the nose and the mouth connect to the pharynx

The Trachea From the pharynx, air

moves into the trachea, or windpipe

Composed of a series of cartilage rings

Lined with cilia and mucus, help sweeping mucus towards the pharynx

Epiglottis seals off trachea when swallowing to prevent choking

The Bronchi and Lungs

Air moves from the trachea to the bronchi in the lungs

Bronchi are passages that direct air into the lungs

The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system

Bronchioles

Each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles

They resemble branches of a tree

Alveoli Alveoli are tiny

sacs of lung tissue at the end of the bronchioles.

These are specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood.

Gas Exchange Because the walls of

both the alveoli and the capillaries are very thin, gases can easily diffuse through them.

Oxygen passes thru the alveolus then thru the capillary into the blood.

Carbon Dioxide passes from the blood, to the capillary and into the alveoli.

This is called gas exchange.

Gas Exchange and Pulmonary Circulation

Pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again

Carbon Dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli and out the lungs

The blood that returns to the heart is rich in oxygen

Gas Exchange During gas

exchange, oxygen moves from alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli

Surface area and Gas exchange

Your lungs can absorb a large amount of oxygen because of the large surface area of the alveoli.

300 alveoli million in adult lungs

Able to supply needed oxygen during strenuous athletic performances

How You breathe!!

Controlled by muscles

Lungs surrounded by intercostal muscles

Diaphram is the large, dome-shaped muscle at the base of the lungs that contracts and relaxes during breathing

Breathing in!! When you inhale, the rib muscles

contract, lifting the chest wall up and outward. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward.

Breathing out/Exhaling

Rib muscles and diphragm relax

Size of chest cavity is reduced

Air is squeezed out of lungs