the cell theory

The Cell Theory

1. Discovery of the Cell

a.1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork.

b.Anton van Leuwenhoek - 1673- Used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum & discovered single celled organisms. He called them “animalcules.”

2. The Cell Theory

a. 1838- German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells

b. 1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

3. The Cell Theory

a. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

b. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.

c. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.

d. The Modern Cell Theory

a. Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in addition to the original Cell Theory:

i. The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.

ii. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.

iii.All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells (movement, digestion, etc.)

iv.Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)

1. Prokaryotic Cells

cells that have genetic material not contained within a nucleus. All bacteria are prokaryotes.

a. Organelles – 2 parts

i. Nucleus – control center of the cell

1. nucleolus - produces ribosomes

2. chromosomes - contains genetic material

3. Nuclear membrane/ envelope - regulates what enters and exits the nucleus.

a. Organelles – 2 parts

1. Ribosomes - assembles proteins

2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough or smooth)

1. lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

2. exports materials from the cell

a. Organelles – 2 parts

3.Golgi Body/ complex - packages proteins for storage or export

a. Organelles – 2 parts

4. Lysosomes - enzyme filled organelles that break down excess material in the cell.

a. Organelles – 2 parts

5.Vacuole - storage

a. Organelles – 2 parts

6. Mitochondria - produces energy from glucose

a. Organelles – 2 parts

7.Chloroplasts - site of photosynthesis in plant cells

Chloroplasts

a. Organelles – 2 parts

8. Microtubules (filaments) - network of filaments that help the cell maintain its shape.

a. Organelles – 2 parts

9.Cell wall - rigid outer boundary of plant cells. Helps the cell maintain its shape.

a. Organelles – 2 parts

10.Centrioles - aide in cell division

Complete Animal Cell

Complete Plant Cell

Prokaryotic Cell

Comparing Cells

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

1. NucleusX

2. Complex organelles

3. Chromosomes

Comparing Cells

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

1. NucleusX

2. Complex organellesX

3. Chromosomes

Comparing Cells

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

1. NucleusX

2. Complex organellesX

3. ChromosomesX X

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

1. Shape Geometric Round

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

1. Shape Geometric Round

2. Vacuoles Large Tiny

3. Cell wall

4. Chloroplasts

5. Centrioles

6. Lysosomes

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

1. Shape Geometric Round

2. Vacuoles Large Tiny

3. Cell wallX

4. Chloroplasts

5. Centrioles

6. Lysosomes

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

1. Shape Geometric Round

2. Vacuoles Large Tiny

3. Cell wallX

4. ChloroplastsX

5. Centrioles

6. Lysosomes

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

1. Shape Geometric Round

2. Vacuoles Large Tiny

3. Cell wallX

4. ChloroplastsX

5. CentriolesX

6. Lysosomes

Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

1. Shape Geometric Round

2. Vacuoles Large Tiny

3. Cell wallX

4. ChloroplastsX

5. CentriolesX

6. LysosomesX

a. Organelles – 2 parts