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The Challenge of Maintaining gut health on the farm
10 Years Of Antibiotic Free Rearing
Derek Detzler Jefo Technical Services
Derek Detzler Chicken Farmer
A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
0.8 sq ft / bird 30.3 kg/m2
Density
2.20 kg @ 39 days
A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
WHY DID WE CHANGE? Clostridium perfringens -95% resistant to bacitracin Veterinary Microbiology Volume 127, Issues 1-2, 5 February 2008 Coccidiosis Peek, 2010 Resistance to anticoccidial drugs Arabkhazaeli, 2013 Evaluating resistance of Eimeria Spp.
Gut health was changing -
IF YOU DON”T SEE IT…....
• Ross 308 performance objectives
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 Day 6 Day 8 Day 10 Day 12 Day 14 Day 16 Day 18 Day 20 Day 22 Day 24 Day 26 Day 28 Day 30 Day 32 Day 34 Day 36 Day 38 Day 40 Day 42
2.00 kg 1.52
2.60 kg 1.64
3.00 kg 1.72
WE RECOGNIZED
> Loss of efficacy to the antibiotics is impacting intestinal health
> Few new molecules being registered > Issues - coccidiosis and clostridium > Modern genetics required modern management
How do we address?
STRATEGY FOR FUTURE PRODUCTION
1. Restore sensitivity to anticoccidials through cocci vaccination
2. Refocused farm management to improve gut health 3. Rest/replace/merge traditional AGP with efficacious
alternatives 4. Nutrition to improve gut health in the absence of ab’s and
in the face of modern genetics
2004 – COCCIDIOSIS VACCINATION
1.7 1.8 1.9
2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
SAP CV1 CV2 CV3 Clinacox SAP2
weight Feed conversion Start
NO RESTORATION POOR GUT HEALTH
1. Clean out 2. Wash out 3. Didn’t change management 4. Didn’t change nutrition
Why?
Did we really give it a fair chance?
COCCI VACCINE AN INDEPTH LOOK
COCCIDIOSIS RESISTANCE ON FARM
15-
16-
17-
18-
19-
20-
21-
22-
23-
24-
25-
26-
27-
28-
29-
30-
600,000 OPG
Ionophore
Ooc
ysts
per
gra
m
Day 11
Day 14
Day 17
Day 20
Day 23
Day 26
Day 29
Day 32
Day 35
Day 38
Day 41
40,000-80,000OPG
Chemical
0 42 7 14 21 28 35
Days of Age
49
Theoretical
Vaccine Shed
Pattern
Total OPG
COCCIDIOSIS CYCLING
0 42 7 14 21 28 35
Days of Age
49
Theore&cal*Vaccine*Shed*Pa1ern*
Actual*Shed*Pa1ern*
CONSISTENCY
FOCUSED COCCI VACCINE
! Our gut health indicators were improved
• Feed conversion • OPG counts • Daily gain • Fecal observations
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT 2006-2009
FARM MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVE GUT HEALTH
The gut is a major site of potential exposure to pathogens
Gut microflora can influence the immune status
Immune status can be influenced by early feeding of the gut
0*
0.02*
0.04*
0.06*
0.08*
0.1*
0.12*
0.14*
0.16*
0.18*
0* 2* 4* 6* 8*
Gram
s&
Days&of&Age&
Fasted* Fed*
Kitchell and Dibner,1998
Lower bursa weight – lower proliferation of lymphocytes
Dibner et al 1998
EARLY FEEDING
Bursa weight
Yolk Sac with Contents g % Placement *** *** Immediate 4.1 10.4 24-hr Delay 1.9 5.3
Use of these nutrients for nutritional purposes may deprive newly hatched bird of antibody protection.
Vieira and Moran, 1999
Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. Vol.2 no.3 Campinas Sept. 2000
EARLY FEEDING
20
RETAINED YOLKS
Undernutrition … is the major cause for excessive chick morbidity and mortality
Xin, H.,Lee, H.J. Appl. Poutry Res. 6:417-421. 1997
EARLY FEEDING
MANAGEMENT
4.3% 20%
Crop fill
10%
23
FOR GUT HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE
• Have birds consume feed as early as possible
• Have good quality raw ingredients • Consider digestibility • Alternative gut health products
ADDITIVES FOR GUT HEALTH
IDENTIFY CHALLENGE TIMES
0 7 14 21 28 35
Dis
ease
Cha
lleng
e E
ffect
on
Per
form
ance
Days of Age
Ecoli
Clostridium Coccidiosis Viral
Ecoli
42
26
TECH
NICA
L RES
EARC
H RE
PORT
!
EFFECT OF JEFO’S PROTECTED ORGANIC ACIDS " ESSENTIAL OILS ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY
1701
13
TREATMENTST1 ControlT2 AGP (Enramycin at 10 ppm)T3 Jefo’s P(OA+EO) at 300 g/t T4 Jefo’s P(OA+EO) at 150 g/t & AGP (Enramycin at 10 ppm)
At 28 days of age, 2 birds per replicate were slaughtered and the ileal content was sampled for nutrient digestibility analysis
Elizabeth Santin, DVM, PhD - Federal University of Paraná, BrazilMariana Lemos de Moraes, DVM, PhD - Jefo Nutrition Inc.Duarte Neves, PhD - Jefo Nutrition Inc.
INTRODUCTIONThe digestibility of a feed determines the amount of nutrients that is actually absorbed by an animal and therefore the availability of nutrients for growth, reproduction, immune system, etc. The absorption of nutrients is placed in the intestine and consequently, it is hypothesized that a healthier intestine would allow a better absorption of the dietary nutrients. OBJECTIVETo evaluate feed digestibility of broiler chickens supplemented with Jefo’s Protected Organic Acids + Essential Oils P(OA+EO) alone or in combination with and antibiotic growth promoter (AGP).
MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 284 Cobb 500 male broiler chickens were raised until 28 days of age and distributed into 4 treatments with 8 replicates as it follows:
Figure 1. Nutrient digestibility. Means with di!erent superscripts di!er (abP<0.01, xyP<0.10; Tukey test).
Figure 2. Digestible energy of the diet. abMeans with di!erent superscripts di!er (P)0.001;Tukey test).
RESULTSThe supplementation with Jefo’s P(OA+EO) alone or in combination with an AGP improved the ileal coe"cients of digestibility (Figure 1) and the digestible energy of the diet (Figure 2).
Dry Matter
P=0.001 P=0.002P=0.057c
b
y
73.3
76.5
85.7
74.1
76.9
86.3
76.6
79.1
87.2
77.2
80.2
87.5
bc
b
xy xy
ab
aba
a
x
Ileal
diges
tibilit
y, %
7072747678808284868890
Crude Protein Energy
P)0.001
bb
ab
a
3170
3181
3256
3359
Ener
gy, k
cal/k
g
3050
3150
3250
3350
3100
3200
3300
3400
Digestible energy
Negative Control AGP Jefo’s P(OA+EO) Jefo’s P(OA+EO) & AGP
CONCLUSIONJefo’s Protected Organic Acids + Essential Oils alone or in combination with an AGP can be used as a strategy to improve nutrient digestibility for broiler chickens.
AGP: antibiotic growth promoter.P(OA+EO): Jefo’s Protected Organic Acids + Essential Oils P(OA+EO) .
EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES
TECH
NICA
L RES
EARC
H RE
PORT
!!
JEFO PROTEASE IMPROVESINTESTINAL HEALTH INDICATORS
1703
07
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul & Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the e!ect of Jefo Protease on intestinal health indicators when supplemented on top of a standard diet or with a low density diet.
MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 392 day-old male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were distributed into 4 treatments with 7 replicates/treatment. The birds were reared on wood shavings in floor pens (14 birds/pen) and fed ad libitum.
REFERENCE Kraieski AL; Hayashi RM; Sanches A; Almeida GC; Santin E. E!ect of aflatoxin experimental ingestion and Eimeria vaccine challenges on intestinal histopathology and immune cellular dynamic of broilers: applying an Intestinal Health Index. Poultry Science. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew397. 2016.
At 28 days, a sample of ileum was collected from two birds per replicate and analyzed by the I See Inside Scoring System Methodology (ISI), according to Kraieski et al. (2016). In this methodology, an impact factor (IF) ranging from 1 to 3 is defined for each alteration in microscopic analysis according to the reduction of organ’s functional capacity, where 3 is the most impactful alteration for the organ function. In addition, the intensity and extension of each alteration is evaluated and a score from 0 to 3 is assigned, being 0 the absence of lesion. To reach the final value of the ISI index, the IF of each alteration is multiplied by its respective score number and the results of each individual alteration are summed. Therefore, a lower number of ISI index represents better result.
RESULTS The birds supplemented with Jefo Protease presented the best ISI gut health index, and this result was mainly due to the e!ect on lamina propria and epithelial thickness and proliferation of enterocytes.
Table 1. Treatments distribution
Table 2. Histology analysis of the ileum - I See Inside Scoring System Methodology (ISI)
abcMeans followed by di!erent letters di!er (P<0.06; Fischer’s LSD test).
Protease Supplementation Feed FormulationT1 - Standard Diet1
T2 Jefo Protease (125 g/t) Standard DietT3 - 6% reduction in CP and digestibe lysine2
T4 Jefo Protease (125 g/t) 6% reduction in CP and digestibe lysine1Based on the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine (Rostagno et al., 2011).2The ratio of the other essential amino acids to lysine was kept the same as in the Standard Diet.
CONCLUSION Jefo Protease impacts positively on intestinal health indicators when supplemented on top of a standard diet or with a low density diet.
Standard Diet 6% Nutritional Reduction DietP-value
No Protease Jefo Protease No Protease Jefo ProteaseLamina propria thickness 0.96b 0.76b 0.82b 0.37a 0.02Epithelial thickness 0.07a 0.04a 0.21b 0.07a 0.02Proliferation of enterocytes 0.13ab 0.06a 0.23b 0.10a 0.04Epithelial plasma infiltration 0.64 0.66 0.82 0.76 0.16Mixed inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria 1.91 1.44 1.62 1.83 0.39
Increase of goblet cells 2.00 1.58 1.74 1.93 0.26Congestion 0.58 0.42 0.46 0.17 0.15Necrosis / apical karyolysis 0.09 0.17 0.05 0.05 0.60Presence of oocysts 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -Total 6.38b 5.13a 5.95ab 5.29a 0.06
EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES
No Protease
Protease Protease No Protease
P-value
Dr. Elizabeth Santin ISI
28
TAKE HOME MESSAGE
• We are now in a world that’s restricting or eliminating antibiotics in food animal production
• Gut health will be the first to suffer • Management must be optimized • Rethink nutrition - % undigestible • Alternative products can work • Alternative products can make it worse
Thank you!
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