the civil rights movement. segregation— enforced separation of racial/ethnic groups de jure (by...
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Segregation— enforced separation of racial/ethnic groups
De jure (by law) segregation – legal segregation through written laws
De facto (by custom) segregation – unwritten segregation through customs, housing patterns, employment, and traditions
Important Vocabulary
Civil disobedience— a strategy for causing social change by means of non-violent resistance
Boycott— an organized agreement not to buy or use a certain product in order to exert pressure for change
Important Vocabulary
Montgomery Bus Boycott
16-year-old Edwina Johnson & her brother Marshall Arrested for sitting on a bus next to a white man and boy & refusing to move Spent 2 days in jail
Claudette Colvin, teenager A student at Booker T. Washington High Sent to jail for refusing to give up her seat, March 2, 1955 Charged for violating segregation laws, assault, battery,
resisting arrest
--Before Rosa Parks
Mary Louise Smith, 18 Arrested when she refused to move to the back
of the bus After being asked 3 times by the bus driver she
said, “I am not going to move out of my seat. I am not going to move anywhere. I got the privilege to sit here like anybody else does.”
Pleaded guilty; fined $5
TWO MONTHS LATER ON DECEMBER 1, 1955…
Rosa Parks Won’t Give Up Seat—Dec. 1, 1955
“People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired,” Rosa Parks wrote in her autobiography, “but that isn't true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.”
Rosa Parks Booked for Arrest
When she later explained her action she said, "I thought of Emmett Till
and I just couldn't go back."
• Montgomery blacks decided to not ride the city buses until the segregation law changed
• People walked long distances• Carpools were set up• Boycott lasted 381 days!
MLK Encouraged Non-Violent Resistance
Non-Violent Resistance Involved:a) Using moral arguments to change the minds of the oppressorsb) Non-cooperation with unjust lawsc) Marches & demonstrations to cause a creative tension to force action
Inspired by Gandhi
Success!
• Federal court rules law unconstitutional
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) created to continue the fight
26:00-35:00 Boycott[44:30-48:00]48:00--55:00 Boycott
• Bus company lost a great deal of money
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