the civil war: 1861-1865. election of 1860 john c. breckenridge – southern democrat stephen a....

The Civil War: 1861-1865

Election of 1860

John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat

Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat

John Bell – Constitutional Union

Abraham Lincoln –

Republican

vs

√

Why did Lincoln win?

North v South in 1861: which side had all the advantages?

So why does it take four years for the North to win?

Lincoln’s ea, rly decisions:

• Keep slave-holding “border states” loyal

• Puts border states under martial (military) law = ________

• Gets rid of habeus corpus = _________

______, ______, _______, ______

CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH SIDE

• NORTH/UNION

--industry:

--Capital:

--Leaders:

--Strategy:

--Cause:

SOUTH/CONFEDERACY--industry:

--Capital:

--Leaders:--Strategy:--Cause:

The Anaconda Plan

• Devise a strategy to win the war

• Devised by General Winfield Scott– _________– _________– _________

Select a military leader

RE Lee decides to fight for the Confederacy!

So Lincoln selects George McClellan! McClellan proved to

be a weak leader though

On the battlefield

• Why won’t McClellan fight?– __________– ____________!

On the battlefield• 1st Battle of Bull Run, 1861

• Union defeat 25 miles away from Washington

• Lincoln realizes __________

• August 1862, 2nd Battle of Bull Run: Union is __________– _______________

• A replaced McClellan is put back in charge after this defeat

• Things not looking good for Union

The Battle of Antietam

• Lee’s objectives – a victory in the border state of Maryland might convince this border state to secede!

• Might convince GB to recognize Confederacy!

September 17th, 1862

• Antietam = ______________

• _________ casualties

• Considered ______________

McClellan’s Blunders!

• Advantage: Union! had a copy of Lee’s battle plans!

• Lee forced to retreat when unable to break through Union lines

• McClellan does nothing

• Militarily, battle is a draw BUT ______________________________

Why is Antietam so important?Announced the ___________

_________________!• Freed all slaves ______________________

• Did not free ______________

Effects

• Changed goal of war from preservation (keeping together) of Union → _________

• Kept the border states _______ • Ended possibility of _______________

Effects (con’t)

• Allowed for the recruitment ________________

• Ended the criticism of _______________

Grant at Vicksburg: 7/1863

• Union now has total control of the ______________ through Vicksburg → ____________

“Bread riots” break out in Southern cities

Lee’s last gamble: GETTYSBURGJuly 1-4, 1863

• Lee tries a 2nd invasion of the North

• 3 day battle end with the failure of _________________– Out of 15,000

Confederate troops, only 100 survive

• Union victory seen as ___________________

• Helped Lincoln _________________

July 1 – 3, 1863

Both sides struggle to keep armies manned

• 1862 – Confederate draft begins– 20 Negro Law

• 1863 – Union draft after Union defeat at Fredericksburg– ________________– _________________

Is this a “poor man’s fight?”

ROLE OF OTHERS• IMPORTANCE OF RAILROADS:

– Lifelines for the armies; if you cut the rails, enemies would not be able to send and get supplies

– Transport food, supplies, weapons; advantage for North which had more railroad mileage than the South

• Focus on the railroads as a key targets came at the Battle of Petersburg (Union attacked Confed RRs)

• IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN:

– Dorothea Dix: ________________________

– Louisa May Alcott: ________________________

– Clara Barton:

• ____________________________________________

Women organizations created hospitals; worked to keep military camps clean;

Other duties worked for Treasury Department and worked in factories making weaponry, made uniforms

Some women pretended to be men and served as soldiers until discovered

IMPORTANCE OF BLACKS IN ARMS

• IMPORTANCE OF BLACKS IN ARMS– ____________________– ____________________– ____________________

• ___________________ QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Appomattox Court House: 4/1865

• Official • _____________surrenders to

___________

SAVE FOR RECONSRUCTION Election of 1864: Lincoln v

McClellan• Not sure Lincoln can win!• New running mate

chosen = Andrew Johnson → southerner & small slaveholder--Why would Lincoln have him as a running mate? To get southern support

• Lincoln sends South a message → the North will treat you fairly!

Lincoln’s Inaugural Address“With malice toward none;

with charity for all…”

Lincoln tries to convince the South to stop fighting!