the civil war (in a day). beginnings abolition movement became strong in the north republican party...
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The Civil War (in a day)
Beginnings
• Abolition movement became strong in the North
• Republican Party grows stronger; nominates Abraham Lincoln in 1860
• Southern states say if Lincoln is elected, they will leave the U.S.
• Mar. 1860: Lincoln elected
Reasons for war
• 1. Slavery: South wanted it. North didn’t.• 2. Politics: North said it was impossible for
states to leave the Union. They could only be in rebellion
• 3. Economics: The South needed slavery not b/c of racism, but because of money. Their economy was completely backwards!!!
• By mid-1861, all states south of Kentucky have seceded from the U.S.
• U.S. Gen. Winfield Scott proposes “Anaconda Plan”
• ? Snakes can kill in two ways. What are they? • Anaconda Plan says we’ll surround and
squeeze the Confederates.• It’s not as fast as venom, but works better
• 1862: CSA attacks toward D.C.; we begin seizing their ports.
• 1863: CSA attacks to PA before we turn them back. We gain control of MS River
• 1864: CSA defeated W. of MS River. Snake squeezes them out of all states but NC, SC, and VA.
• 1865: By April, Confederates control only parts of central VA– April 8: CSA surrender at Appomattox– April 14: Lincoln shot by J.W. Booth in DC
Aftermath
• Most of war fought in South– Southern cities & existing factories destroyed– Political systems dead b/c politicians were loyal to
CSA
• 600K Americans killed; 400K injured• 4M African Americans freed without jobs,
education, health care, etc.• Nation needs to be Reconstructed, and
healed.
New Economy
• Not enough jobs for blacks or whites
• Landowners break plantations into plots
• Poor folks farm plots, keep a share, (sharecropping)
• Some northerners open small factories in Charleston, New Orleans, Memphis, Norfolk.
Integrating Blacks
• 13th Amendment: Bans slavery
• 14th Amendment: Gives everyone “equal protection” under the law. Black citizenship.
• 15th Amendment: Race can’t keep you from voting
• “Historically Black” Colleges– Formed by churches with $$ from the Fr.
Bureau.– Include Fisk, Atlanta, Howard, Hampton,
Grambling– Provided excellent education in liberal arts,
agriculture, tech & scientific fields
Rebuilding governments
• At 1st, fmr Confederates were barred from gov’t office
• Black, Repub candidates elected in overwhelming numbers
• 16 elected to Congress. 400+ elected to state legislatures.
The BIG sell-out
• 1876 election pits GOP Hayes against Dem Tilden
• Tilden wins S, Hayes N. Nearly tied
• Dems offer: If GOP ends Reconstruction, Hayes gets presidency
• Hayes takes the deal; the ‘Jim Crow’ era begins
Rise of Hate Groups• Fmr S. officers form Ku Klux Klan• Goals: Destroy Repubs, help the
“planters,” threaten Blacks, Jews, & Catholics
• End up getting members elected & appointed into many offices after Reconstruction
• Use this power to begin ‘legal’ discrimination against Black folks
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