the collision of cultures chapter 1. the 3 groups 1. native americans came over 22,000 years ago...
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The Collision of Cultures
Chapter 1
THE 3 GROUPS
1. Native AmericansCame over 22,000 years ago from Asia
2. West AfricansCame over in the 1500s as slaves
3. EuropeansVikings: came to the Americas around 1000 ADThe rest: began to come over during the late
1400s
Native Americans circa 1492
In North America:Lived all over the present-day United StatesCA area, NW Coast, SW, and East Woodlands
TradeBuilt great trading networks across the landFree market
Land useHunted, gathered, and cultivatedThey did not trade land, but shared it
Foreshadowing: Europeans believed in private land ownership this is one area they will clash
Native Americans circa 1492
ReligionMost all Native Americans believed the natural world
was filled with spiritsMany believed in a “Great Spirit”
Social organizationBasic unit among Native Americans was FAMILYKinship: strong family bonds
Allowed for large tribes that lasted a long timeElders instructed the young the young honored the
eldersFormed social order through division of labor
West Africa circa 1492
TradeConnects Africa with the rest of the worldSahara Highway
Connected West Africa to North Africa, which was connected with Europe and Asia
Islam spread from North Africa to West Africa, but did not catch on until the late 1400s
Portuguese arrive (1470s)Traded with West Africans on the coast2 effects:
1. Direct European-W. African traded got them closer to Europeans
2. Portuguese began trading W. African slaves to Europe
West Africa circa 1492
How did the slave trade start?1480s Portuguese had large sugar cane
plantations on islands off the West African coastThey needed a lot of labor for cheap; the idea
caught on with the rest of EuropeREMEMBER…slavery/slave trade had already been
around for centuries
West Africa circa 1492
ReligionBelieved nature was filled with spiritsBelieved political leaders were chosen based on a higher
authorityMost believed in a single creator
Clashed with Christians and Muslims over this because they didn’t want to give up spirit worship
Social organizationKinship formed basic aspects of lifeTraced everything through lineage – line of common
descentLand use
Hunted, gathered, and cultivatedBelieved in collective ownership of land
Europeans circa 1492
Europeans are just getting out of the Dark AgePopulation increasing after the Black DeathMonarchs strengthen, nobles and papacy weaken due
to the Crusades’ losses
Trade and explorationMiddle class flourishes because trade is increasing
(people now have a taste for Asian goods)Monarchs want to become more wealthy and
powerful, so they sponsor exploration to new lands
Europeans circa 1492
Social organizationHierarchy – organized according to rank
Monarchs nobles middle class peasantsExtended families were not as important to Europeans
than to Native Americans & West AfricansNuclear family – mother, father, and children
• Worked divided based on gender
ReligionChristianity dominates lifePeople (especially peasants) are encouraged to suffer in
this life for heaven in the nextMonarchs wanted to spread Christianity around the world
with their explorations
Transatlantic Encounters
Columbus’ 1st encountersHe landed in the Caribbean, but assumed in was the
West Indies of AsiaThe 3 main things he wanted were gold, land, and to
spread religionColonization – establishment of distant settlements
controlled by a parent country (Spain)He was able to take 3 more voyages
MAIN GOALS OF EUROPEAN EXPLORATION:1. GAIN WEALTH2. SPREAD CHRISTIANITY
Impact on Native Americans
Native Americans’ land, possessions, and lives taken
Tried to fight back, and failedMost died of diseases brought by
Europeans
Impact on West Africans
Native Americans couldn’t survive disease, and Europeans needed labor
By the end of the slave trade, 12 million Africans were taken from Africa
Impact on Europeans
Monarchs gained land and goldThe Columbian Exchange provided more
food and goods for EuropeansMEANING?...people lived longer and the population
increasedNational rivalries
Countries in Europe (THE MAIN 4: Spain, Portugal, France, England) fighting to gain the most new land and wealth
Treaty of Tordesillas – Spain got the West, Portugal got the East (created by the Pope)
European Settlement in North European Settlement in North AmericaAmericaFailed Attempts to Colonize N.A.
Vikings
Roanoke Island
Jamestown
European Settlement in North European Settlement in North AmericaAmericaVikings?
Came over to Greenland, then to North America circa 1000 A.D.
Leif Ericsson, aka Leif the Lucky, discovered what is thought to be parts of New England
European Settlement in North European Settlement in North AmericaAmericaRoanoke Island (1584)
The “Lost Colony”
European Settlement in North European Settlement in North AmericaAmerica• What happened?
• 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh organized an expedition of 150 people to go to Virginia (led by Governor John White)
• Settled on Roanoke Island (NC); conquered the hostile natives & befriended the “friendly” natives
• Gov. White returned to England; 3 years later went back and found nothing
• “Friendly” natives had taken over
European Settlement in North European Settlement in North AmericaAmericaJamestown
The “Starving Time” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qe-lf9v1RTQ&feature=related
European Settlement in North European Settlement in North AmericaAmericaJamestown
Virginia Spoon Bread
2 cups water 1 cup yellow cornmeal 1/4 cup (1/2 stick) butter, room temperature 3/4 cup milk (do not use low-fat or nonfat) 1 1/2 teaspoons salt 3/4 teaspoon pepper 3 large eggs, separated
European Settlement in North European Settlement in North AmericaAmericaJamestown
Later survived and became the first permanent English settlement in N.A.
European Settlement in North European Settlement in North AmericaAmericaWhy did each of these settlements fail?
#1 reason: they were not prepared
What made other settlements succeed?4 groups that worked the best:
• The Spanish• Jamestown• New England• Middle Colonies
Spain and Spain and PortugalPortugal
Spanish, Spanish, English, English, Dutch, and Dutch, and FrenchFrench
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