the cyberinfrastructure movement and the potential for ... · 7/5/2004  · movement and the...

The Cyberinfrastructure Movement and the Potential for

Revolutionizing Science/Engineering Research and

EducationDaniel E. Atkins

atkins@umich.eduSchool of Information & Department of EECS

University of Michigan, U.S.A.

Oxford Internet Institute, July 5, 2004

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 2

Home Land Securityhttp://web.calit2.net/RiskReduction/index.html

Converging Streams of Activity

Science-driven pilots (not using above labels)

E-science

Collaboratories

Cyberscience

GRIDS (broadly defined)

2nd Editionwww.mkp.com/grid2

ACLS-MellonCI for Humanities

IT & Future of Higher Education

“a new age has dawned in scientific and engineering research, pushed by continuing progress in computing, information, and communication technology, and pulled by the expanding complexity, scope, and scale of today’s challenges. The capacity of this technology has crossed thresholds that now make possible a comprehensive “cyberinfrastructure” on which to build new types of scientific and engineering knowledge environments and organizations and to pursue research in new ways and with increased efficacy.”

http://www.cise.nsf.gov/sci/reports/toc.cfm

NSF Blue Ribbon Panel on Cyberinfrastructure

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 4

Cyberinfrastructure-enabled Knowledge Communities* (CKCs)

Computation, Storage, Communication and Interface

Technologies

Cyber-infrastructure:Equipment, Software, People, Institutions

Virtual teams, communities, organizations, knowledge

communities/environments/ecologies

* or perhaps “Organizations”

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 5

“Knowledge Communities”This phase is shorthand for a group of people working together to create, disseminate, use and/or preserve knowledge.

I do not mean a static collection of knowledge (as in “a body of knowledge”) -- I mean people engaged in knowledge-based activities. (”Knowing Communities”)

Not one huge knowledge community but rather many specialized communities, often with overlapping membership. Individual role may vary among different knowledge communities.

research, scholarship

teaching, learning

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 6

Some Names for CKCs

Co-laboratory, Collaboratory

Grid Community

e-X Community (as in e-science)

Cyber-X Community (as in cyberscience)

Community Gateways or Portals

Virtual Community, Virtual Organizations

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 7

Big IdeasGlobal cyberinfrastructure can become a platform for routine, effective, computationally supported, distance-independent activities of knowledge communities. (Goal is not to eliminate same time and place collaboration, but rather to augment it, and use it in more effective ways).Research communities are creating functionally complete virtual communities that are absolutely necessary for their next decade of research aspirations.Cyberinfrastructure offers new options for what is done, how it is done, and who participates.We now have the opportunity (and responsibility) to help make it real.

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 8

Computation

Content

Interaction

Cyberinfrastructure to

enable knowledge

environments to

revolutionize science

and engineering

education and

research

Vision & requirements

from the frontiers of

science and engineering

research

The Push The PullThe Goal of an ACP

*ACP = Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Program

*

But the implications go way beyond science and engineering research.

Push and Pull for CKCs

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 9

Dimensions of CI R&D

usefulness

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Cyberinfrastructure

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Cyberinfrastructure

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Translight Consortia

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Cyberinfrastructure

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NSF Middleware Initiative

http://www.nsf-middleware.org/

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Middleware: Globus and Grid-Web Services

Convergence

Web Services Messaging, Security, Etc.

Open Grid Services Infrastructure

Domain-Specific Services

Core Services

ProgramExecution Data Services

From Ian Foster

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Core MiddlewareIdentity and Identifiers – namespaces, identifier crosswalks, real world levels of assurance, etc.Authentication – campus technologies and policies, interrealm interoperability via PKI, Kerberos, etc.Directories – enterprise directory services architectures and tools, standard objectclasses, interrealm and registry servicesAuthorization – permissions and access controls, delegation, privacy management, etc.Integration Activities – open management tools, application of virtual, federated and hierarchical trust, enabling common applications with core middleware

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Mellon Foundation Higher-Ed Open Source Projects

Project DescriptionPubcookie Authentication system including “single sign on.”OKI Open standards for sharing digital objects.PKI Inter-institutional public key infrastructure.ePortfolio Electronic portfolio tools for higher ed.uPortal Web portal development software.AAM Tool for managing course assignments & tests.LionShare Authenticated P2P networks for legit file sharing.SAKAI Feature-rich course management system.OCW Free worldwide access to educational content.VUE Visual understanding environment for digital content.Chandler Personal information manager for higher ed.DSpace Digital repository system federation.Fedora Flexible Extensible Digital Object Repository Architecture.

http://rit.mellon.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/PubcookieTwiki

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Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute

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Cyberinfrastructure

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Computation-Simulation

• Capability not just capacity: technology, policy, tools.• Still need some center-based leadership,super computers.• On-demand supercomputing, not just batch.

Report of the High-end Computing

Revitalization Task Force (5-04)

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Japanese Earth Simulation Center

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Top 5 Supercomputers

From http://www.top500.org/list/2003/11/

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Virginia Tech Terascale Cluster (1,100 Mac G5s)

http://computing.vt.edu/research_computing/terascale/

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Cyberinfrastructure

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Some Implications for the “DL Research” Community

Onward to the GII - ubiquitous knowledge environments and information ether.

Increased variety and scale of information.

New scholarly communication systems

Reducing “participation overload.”

The openness movement.

Persistence of access - digital preservation.

See http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~dlwkshop/

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Open source software and its communities

Open standards

Open content; open knowledge. Digital repositories.

Open alliances for creating middleware

Open intellectual properties more broadly

Keeping the Internet architecture open

University as counterbalance to overly restrictive access (”rights management”)

Openness Movement

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http://www.si.umich.edu/digarch/http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/index.php

Research Issues!

Includes “Preserving Our Digital Heritage” report & “Time” report.

Research Challenges in Digital Archiving and Long-Term Preservation

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Cyberinfrastructure

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NEESgrid Earthquake Engineering Collaboratory

www.neesgrid.org

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Reconstructions of Dendritic Spines by High

Performance Parallel Electron Tomography

This 3MeV Electron Microscope in Osaka Japan is the Biggest in World

The Spines on these nerve cell dendrites are where connections are rapidly made and

unmade between cells in the brain.

The Initial Facility at Sondrestrom, Greenland

The University of Michigan Upper Atmospheric Research Collaboratory (UARC)

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 34

Embedded Sensors: R&D & Use

Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks

http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?Anchor=orion_home_page&rnd=17953http://www.nsf.gov/bio/neon/start.htm

National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)

http://www.cens.ucla.edu/index.html

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Cyberinfrastructure

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Electronic Visualization Labhttp://www.evl.uic.edu

Tele-Immersive Collaboration in the CAVE Research Network

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 38

Cyberinfrastructure

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Time-Space Collaboration

Physically together...

Drop in lab, physical library,

museum

Audio, chat, video conference, group

applications

Email, threaded-discussions, shared

files...

Same

Same

Different

Different

Time

Place

distance matters beyond being there

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 40

Some examples of experimental CKCs

The Initial Facility at Sondrestrom, Greenland

The University of Michigan Upper Atmospheric Research Collaboratory (UARC)

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UARC Interface

team chat

dynamic work

rooms

Real-time instruments

Archival data Journals

computational models

anno

tatio

nSe

ssio

n re

play

Evolved into a Network of Instruments (one global instrument)

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UARC Patterns of Communication

1998Smithsonian Science

Award

http://crew.umich.edu/

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Vignettes: UARC/SPARCShared, tele-instruments & expertise.

Rapid response, opportunistic campaigns.

Multi-eyes, complementary expertise.

Isolated instruments became a global instrument chain.

Cross-mentoring/training.

New & earlier opportunities/exposure for grad students.

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Enhanced participation. Legitimate peripheral participation.Support for authentic, inquiry-based learning at UG and pre-college level.Distributed workshops for post-campaign data analysis.Session re-play for delayed participation.Data-theory closure.A “living specification” to stretch vision of possibilities.

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Cyberinfrastructure is a First-Class Tool for Science

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The Information Technology Needs of the NeuroscienceCommunity Provide Major Challenges for Tomorrows

Information Technology Infrastructure

• BRAIN RESEARCH of the Future will be conducted in a DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT

• The NSF PACI’s and Emergence of new Information Technologies have catalyzed this change

• Projects to Federate Neuroscience Data, Build Data and Computational Grids and Telescience Tools are creating a Cyber Infrastructure that will Enable New Science in this and other disciplines

Enable new understanding of the brain by linking data about macroscopic brain function

to its molecular and cellular underpinnings

http://www.nbirn.net/

Bioinformatics Research Network (BIRN)

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 49

Crab Nebula in 4 spectral regions:X-ray, optical, infrared, radio

http://www.us-vo.org/

Virtual Observatory Prototype Produces Surprise Discovery. Early demo project identifies new brown dwarf.

http://www.us-vo.org/news/brown-dwarf.html

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Broader Implications

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Cyberinfrastructure for Multi-use

New ACLS Panel of CI for Humanities

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 52

Knowledge Communities Enabled by

Cyberinfrastructure

teachinglearning

serviceengagement

researchscholarship

Potential Mission Synergy: Shared-Use CKCs

CLEAR-Collaborative

Learning, Engagement, and

Research

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Sloan DigitalSky Survey/Skyserver

Johns Hopkins UniversityAlex Szalay (Co-PI), Jordan Raddick

Database of 80+ million objectsSearch and Analysis ToolsProjects for Teachers

and Students

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 54

OpportunitiesUse the same data and tools

Engage students and their teachers in authentic astronomy researchBecome part of the ongoing research communityIncrease the pace of scientific discovery.

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 55

BenefitsStudents who engage in authentic research will understand the process of science

Be more likely to pursue a career in science

Grow up to be scientifically literate adults

Improve science teaching through ongoing teacher professional development and mentoring

Reconnect with science

Reduce isolation

Increase Retention

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 56

Global Examples..Global Graduate Seminar on ICT & Globalization - Cogburn, UM/SI

Global Product Design - Dutta UM/ME

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 57

CKCs -- lofty aspirations…Provide greater equity of access and participation.

Open up more experiences and increase the probability of intellectual linking across disciplinary boundaries.

Enrich the diversity of participation, perspective, ideas, experiences.

Enable sharing of resources and better amortization of unique resource/facilities.

Support existing teams and accelerate the formation of new teams, fields, disciplines.

Support rapid ad-hoc team formation to respond to unexpected emergencies.

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 58

Comments on the Research Model to Create and Apply

Cyberinfrastructure

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 59

Creation of knowledge: basic, curiosity-driven

research

Application of knowledge

Focus on New Knowledge Creation?

Focus on Application?No

No

Yes

Yes

Edison

Bohr Pasteur

Pasteur’s Quadrant Research Model

Creating effective CKCs require PQ research models

CKCs can support PQ research models

Classic Linear Research Model

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 60

Borromean Ring Design Teams

Three symmetric, interlocking rings, no two of which are interlinked. Removing one destroys the synergy.

Users,Communities of

Practice,Organizations in

Society

Behavioral & organizational

sciences & practice

Computer & information,

science, engineering &

practiceTeams

learning together - collateral learning

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 61

CKCs R&D Approach

Human-centered

Experimental

Iterative Design

Long-term

but robust & usable

B-teams

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 62

Forces on Higher Education

Massification

Demographics

Private knowledge production

Internationalization

Changing IP regime

Competence recognition

Social fragmentation

Patterns of management

ICT

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 63

Forces on Higher Education

Massification

Demographics

Private knowledge production

Internationalization

Changing IP regime

Competence recognition

Social fragmentation

Patterns of management

ICT

Cyberinfrastructure

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 64

big and smalllocal and globalcentralized and decentralizedlearning and research/discoverybasic and applied (Pasteur’s Quadrant)giving and taking (reciprocity)producer and consumermulti roles: expert, student, observer, policy-maker

“And-And” CI-E* Organizations & Activities

*cyberinfrastructure-enable

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 65

Budget Recommendation Overview(Incremental, Recurring)

Fundamental research to advance CI

$60M

Application of CI to advance S&E research

$200M

Provision & operational CI

$660M

Information and data repositories

$200M

TOTAL $1020M

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 66

FrameworkScience and Engineering Frontiers (Frontiers): S&E opportunities to be realized using CIIntegrating Architectures (IAs): limited number of common architectures that support domain-specific applications using a common, reconfigurable set of open source software tools, technologies and services.

Computation-intensiveInformation-intensiveInstrumentation-richDesk-top

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Core (Core): CI foundation including backbone networks, widely shared compute and storage facilities; education and workforce development activities; a portfolio of activities aimed at yielding new knowledge on the science of cyberinfrastructure, including its human and social dimensions and rigorous evaluation and assessment activities.

CI-enabling Research (CI-R): research investments that will create new information technology tools and resources to enrich cyberinfrastructure for the foreseeable future.

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 68

CoreEducation, Training, Community Development: Establish coordinated programmatic activities to

prepare current and future scientists and engineers to use, develop and support cyberinfrastructure;catalyze domain S&E community efforts to define unique CI-enabled research and education opportunities (coordinated with Frontier activities);take targeted action to broaden participation of underrepresented groups and organizations in CI activities.

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 69

Networks: Undertake comprehensive NSF-wide planning to:

examine current international investments in network infrastructure to support Frontier projects now and in the future;

develop network infrastructure needs assessment and gap analysis;

identify last-mile connections solutions and priorities

Informed by the above determine programmatic strategy to invest in enabling networks both Frontier and Core approaches as appropriate.

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 70

Supercomputing Platforms: Define complementary supercomputing investments to be made through Core, CI-R, and Frontier activities. To inform these investments

conduct comprehensive assessment of national supercomputing resources

identify promising interagency strategies to address supercomputing needs for open-science community

identify organizational and economic models that support centralized and/or distributed supercomputing investments

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 71

Federated Data Archives and Digital Libraries: Undertake comprehensive NSF-wide planning to:

explore the efficacy of creating a national databank of federated data archives. recognizing that data assets reside in different locations and belong to multiple domains, individuals and organizations;

assess domain-specific interests in establishing and supporting digital libraries;

identify organizational and economic models that support centralized and/or distributed data archives and digital library investments.

D. E. Atkins • University of Michigan • atkins@umich.edu 72

Science of Cyberinfrastructure

Study the impact and use of cyberinfrastructure in research and education, to develop a better understanding of its sociological, economic, technological and societal implications.

Initiate a comprehensive research, evaluation and assessment activity that seeks to develop new knowledge on the most effective strategies to design, develop and use cyberinfrastructure with emphasis on usability, accessibility and scientific utility.

Questions, Discussion