the dairy paradox...erectile dysfunction* macular degeneration hypertension acne migraine lupus...

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T Colin CampbellProfessor Emeritus

Nutritional Biochemistry

Cornell University

The Dairy Paradox

“The Protein Gap”

Resolving childhood malnutrition

TC Campbell

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“The Protein Gap”

Solving malnutritionPromoting Greater Protein Consumption?

TC Campbell

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A Peculiar Observation (anecdotal)

The few families consuming the most protein—more childhood liver

cancer

Effect of Dietary Protein on AFB1-

Initiated Liver Cancer (Rats)

Dietary Protein (%)Animals with tumors and

hyperplastic nodules

20% (regular)

5% (low)

Madhavan and Gopalan, 1968.Confirmed by Wells et al, 1974. 49 years ago

Effect of Dietary Protein on AFB1-

Initiated Liver Cancer (Rats)

Dietary Protein (%)Animals with tumors and

hyperplastic nodules

20% (regular)

5% (low)

30/30 (100%)

0/12 (0%)

Madhavan and Gopalan, 1968.Confirmed by Wells et al, 1974. 49 years ago

Dietary Protein and AFB1- Initiated Liver Cancer (Rats)

Dietary Protein (%)Animals with tumors and

hyperplastic nodules

20% (regular)

5% (low)

30/30 (100%)

0/12 (0%)

Madhavan and Gopalan, 1968.Confirmed by Wells et al, 1974.

Increasing ProteinIncreasing Cancer?

49 years ago

What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?

INITIATION (Mutation)

PROMOTION (Cell Expansion)

PROGRESSION (Metastasis)

TC Campbell

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3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)

Weeks

Genetic Mutation

3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)

Weeks

Genetic Mutation

5%

3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)

Weeks

5%

20%

Genetic Mutation

3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x

20%

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)

Weeks

20%

Genetic Mutation

3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x

5%

20%

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)

Weeks

20%

Genetic Mutation

3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x20%

5%

20%

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)

Weeks

20%

Genetic Mutation

3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x

5%

20%

5%

20%

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)

Weeks

20%

Genetic Mutation

3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x

20%

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman L. MS Thesis. Cornell, 1987)

Weeks

Genetic Mutation

5%

3 6 9 12

Can

cer

Inde

x

20%

High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman L. MS Thesis. Cornell, 1987)

Weeks

Genetic Mutation

5%

Early Genetic Mutations Don’t Disappear

Protein (Casein) Nutrition And HBV(viral)-Induced Cancer Genes!

TRANSGENIC

(Hu, J., Cheng, Z. Oncogene, 1997; Hepatology, 1997)

Protein (Casein) Nutrition And HBV(viral)-Induced Cancer Genes!

TRANSGENIC

(Hu, J., Cheng, Z. Oncogene, 1997; Hepatology, 1997)

Experimental Protein is CASEIN (Main Protein of Cow’s Milk)

Soy & wheat protein did not increase pre-cancer development, even at 20% of diet

calories

TC Campbell20

Dietary protein CONTROLS mutations caused by aflatoxin and hepatitis B virus mutations

What does this say about environmental carcinogens?

Chemical Carcinogens Have Been Considered Main Causes Of Cancer In Food

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Official Testing For Chemical Carcinogens

Dose of Chemical (mg/kg BW)

Very High Dose of Suspect Chemical

% C

ance

r Re

spon

se

102 10110010-110-210-5

10-1

10-4

10-5

10-6

100

101

102 Very Low Human Exposure

(what is dose-response?)

?Threshold

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From Animal Data to Human Data?

Dose of Chemical (mg/kg BW)

Very High Dose of Suspect Chemical

% C

ance

r Re

spon

se

102 10110010-110-210-5

10-1

10-4

10-5

10-6

100

101

102 Casein Increases Cancer At Usual

Intakes

?Threshold

Casein, an animal-based protein, is the most relevant carcinogen ever identified

TC Campbell25

Campbell, T. C. Chemical carcinogens and human risk assessment. Fed. Proc. 39, 2467-2484 (1980)

Experimental animal bioassay program does not provide correct answers to human

cancer

Campbell, T. C. A decision tree approach to the regulation of food chemicals associated with

irreversible toxicities. Regulatory Tox. Pharm. (1981).

A regulatory procedure costing <1% and testing thousands more environmental

chemicals

Campbell, T. C. Chemical carcinogens and human risk assessment. Fed. Proc. 39, 2467-2484 (1980)

Experimental animal bioassay program does not provide correct answers to human cancer

Campbell, T. C. A decision tree approach to the regulation of food chemicals associated with

irreversible toxicities. Regulatory Tox. Pharm. (1981).

A regulatory procedure costing <1% and testing thousands more environmental

chemicals

This animal bioassay program still exists, now expanding (?) to effects on pregnancy

Assuming that environmental carcinogens cause human cancer (virtually no evidence)

• deflects attention away from nutrition basis for cancer in favor of genetic basis for cancer

How does casein work?

1970s-1990s

What Mechanism Explains High Protein Diet On Cancer?

INITIATION (Mutation Phase)

TC Campbell

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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)

What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?

INITIATION (Mutation Phase)

Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO structure, increases binding of

C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair

TC Campbell

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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)

What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?

INITIATION (Mutation Phase)

Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO structure, increases binding of

C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair

TC Campbell

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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)

Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters calorie use

What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?

INITIATION (Mutation Phase)

Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO structure, increases binding of

C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair

TC Campbell

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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)

Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters calorie use

Reversibility!

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C(Damaged

Gene)

MFO Enzyme C-DNA

DNAGENE

INITIATION (Seeding)

Repair (Normal)

* * * * *

EARLY CANCER

DIAGNOSED CANCER

PROMOTION (Growth)

NK Cell (Normal)

****

*

* PROTEIN EFECTS

Skim Milk and Prostate Cancer

MS vs. Parkinson’s Disease

Lux, W.E. Kurtzke J.F. Neurol. 37, 467-471, 1987

Brain lesions (red areas) in elderly humans, associated with higher consumption of vitamin D and calcium

Science News Online. Week of June16,2007; Vol. 171, No. 24. Nutrients linked to brain lesions Janet Raloff reporting. ME Payne (Duke Univ Med Ctr)

Cow’s Milk vs. Multiple Sclerosis

R=0.82

MILK CONSUMPTION, g/day

BREA

ST C

ANCE

R, p

er 1

00K

Ganmaa and Sato, 2005

Same with Uterine Cancer

Animal Protein + Ca = Cow’s Milk?

Hip

Fra

ctur

es, 1

00,0

00-1

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Atherosclerosis, Cholesterol and Animal Protein (Clarkson S Newburgh MD, 1926)

“…this elevation of blood cholesterol in the diet..[is]..directly referable to the excess of

protein in the diet and not to its cholesterol content.”

40T Colin Campbell, Cornell

Casein or Soy Protein Effects on Atherosclerosis (Rabbits)

Diet (# Animals) Sclerotic Severity

Casein (26) 2.08

Soy (22) 0.41 Meeker & Kesten, 1940-1941 (in Gibney and Kritchevsky, 1983)

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Dietary Protein Correlates of Plasma Cholesterol (males)

Total

‘LDL’

Apo B

+ 0.39**

+ 0.40***

+ 0.20

- 0.34**

- 0.35**

- 0.29*

Cholesterol Animal Protein Plant Protein

* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 † Female correlates, same direction, less magnitude

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Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All

(Peer-reviewed research findings)

Cancers

Cardiovascular Diseases

Multiple Sclerosis

Kidney Stones

Osteoporosis

Diabetes (I and II)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Obesity

Erectile Dysfunction*

Macular Degeneration

Hypertension

Acne

Migraine

Lupus

Depression

Alzheimer’s Disease

Cognitive Dysfunction

Pain**Mostly anecdotal

Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All

(Peer-reviewed research findings)

Cancers

Cardiovascular Diseases

Multiple Sclerosis

Kidney Stones

Osteoporosis

Diabetes (I and II)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Obesity

Erectile Dysfunction*

Macular Degeneration

Hypertension

Acne

Migraine

Lupus

Depression

Alzheimer’s Disease

Cognitive Dysfunction

Pain*

WFPB nutritional effect is broad

*Mostly anecdotal

Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All

(Peer-reviewed research findings)

Cancers

Cardiovascular Diseases

Multiple Sclerosis

Kidney Stones

Osteoporosis

Diabetes (I and II)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Obesity

Erectile Dysfunction*

Macular Degeneration

Hypertension

Acne

Migraine

Lupus

Depression

Alzheimer’s Disease

Cognitive Dysfunction

Pain*

WFPB nutritional effect is broad

*Mostly anecdotal

and rapid

Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All

(Peer-reviewed research findings)

Cancers

Cardiovascular Diseases

Multiple Sclerosis

Kidney Stones

Osteoporosis

Diabetes (I and II)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Obesity

Erectile Dysfunction*

Macular Degeneration

Hypertension

Acne

Migraine

Lupus

Depression

Alzheimer’s Disease

Cognitive Dysfunction

Pain*

WFPB nutritional effect is broad

*Mostly anecdotal

and rapid

if dietary change is sustained

Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All

(Peer-reviewed research findings)

Cancers

Cardiovascular Diseases

Multiple Sclerosis

Kidney Stones

Osteoporosis

Diabetes (I and II)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Obesity

Erectile Dysfunction*

Macular Degeneration

Hypertension

Acne

Migraine

Lupus

Depression

Alzheimer’s Disease

Cognitive Dysfunction

Pain*

WFPB nutritional effect is broad

*Mostly anecdotal

and rapid

if dietary change is sustained

WFPB treats illness and disease—with no side effects

ß-Carotene, An Unexpected Finding (NEJM, 330:1029, 1994)

29,000 male smokers (5-8 yrs follow-up)

Food ß-carotene decreases lung cancer: -19%*

Supplement ß-carotene increases lung cancer: +18%*

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Finis

A Cell

Each cell, not visible, can easily sit on a pin

head

10-100 trillion cells in our body!

Each cell, not visible, is a micro-universe

And cells can communicate with each

other

5031

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

50

5131

Thank You

Can one reaction tell all, without side effects?

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5231

Thank You

52

NUTRITION PROTOCOL

Multiple reactions, no side effects? Known for 200+

years.

Can one reaction work, multiple side effects?

DRUG PROTOCOL

Average cost of developing a new cytotoxic chemotherapy agent

$1.3-1.8 billion (2014)

Present ‘System’

For 22 different cancer types, increase in 5-year survival of 2.1%

What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?

INITIATION (Mutation Phase)Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO

structure, increases binding of C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair

TC Campbell

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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters

calorie use

What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?

INITIATION (Mutation Phase)Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO

structure, increases binding of C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair

TC Campbell

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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters

calorie use

Precision Medicine Initiative core activity ($4.8

billion)

What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?

INITIATION (Mutation Phase)Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO

structure, increases binding of C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair

TC Campbell

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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters

calorie use

Precision Medicine Initiative core activity ($4.8

billion)

Should there be a drug for each of these

mechanisms?

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(W)holistic Nutrition

Multiple nutrients Multiple mechanisms

Multiple disease reversals Multiple health improvements

Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet

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(W)holistic Nutrition

Multiple nutrients Multiple mechanisms

Multiple disease reversals Multiple health improvements

Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet

This is a highly interactive, integrated, wholistic system

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(W)holistic Nutrition

Multiple nutrients Multiple mechanisms

Multiple disease reversals Multiple health improvements

Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet

This is a highly interactive, integrated, wholistic system

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This is a wholistic system where animal protein does not determine diet choice

REDUCTIONISM: Medicine

Specific causes (chemical carcinogens, specific genes)

Specific ‘biomarkers’ (blood cholesterol, blood sugar)

Specific diseases—unique ICD codes

Encourages discovery and use of specific drugs, i.e., foreign chemicals used out of

context, with lots of side effects

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One disease, one cause, one ‘mechanism’, one drug treatment (foreign chemical, side

effects)

Reductionist Medicine

This is why wholistic nutrition is not taught in reductionist medical schools, is not a

medical specialty and there is no dedicated Institute of Nutrition at NIH

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Recently published, peer-reviewed papers (2017), all open access

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Campbell, T. C. The past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer: Part 1-Was a nutritional association acknowledged a century ago? Nutrition and Cancer 69, 811-817(2017)

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Campbell, T. C. The past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer: Part 1-Was a nutritional association acknowledged a century ago? Nutrition and Cancer 69, 811-817(2017)

Campbell, T. C. Nutrition and cancer: an historical perspective--the past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer. Part 2. Misunderstanding and ignoring nutrition. Nutritional Cancer, 1-7 (2017)

65

Campbell, T. C. The past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer: Part 1-Was a nutritional association acknowledged a century ago? Nutrition and Cancer 69, 811-817(2017)

Campbell, T. C. Nutrition and cancer: an historical perspective--the past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer. Part 2. Misunderstanding and ignoring nutrition. Nutritional Cancer, 1-7 (2017)

Campbell, T. C. A plant based diet and animal protein: questioning dietary fat and considering animal protein as the main cause of heart disease. J. Geriatric Cardiol. 14, 331-337 (2017)

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Campbell, T. C. Nutrition renaissance and public health policy. Journ. Nutr. Biology In press (2017)

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Campbell, T. C. Nutrition renaissance and public health policy. Journ. Nutr. Biology In press (2017)

Campbell, T. C. Cancer prevention and treatment by wholistic nutrition. J. Nat. Sciences Oct 3(10), all: e448 (2017).

Why are you doing this to me? You’re not my calf!

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Karen L. Campbell

Madame

Call 1-800-eCornell or email info@ecornell.com

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