the death of jesus intergenerational seminary session #8
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The Death of Jesus
Intergenerational SeminarySession #8
Trusting
(Luke)
No (Matthew, Mark, John)Yes (Luke)Did one of the thieves
repent on the cross?
No (John: day before)
Yes (Synoptics)
Was Jesus crucified on the Passover?
DayNightWhen did Jesus’ trial before the Sanhedrin
take place?
Triumphant (John)
Abandoned (Matthew/
Mark)
What describes Jesus on the cross:
abandoned, trusting, or triumphant?
Seven Last Words
XIt is finished
XI thirst
XBehold, your son
XI commend my spirit
XToday you’ll be in paradise
XForgive them
XXEloi, eloi, lama sabachthani
JohnLukeMatthewMark
Lectionary
• Palm (Passion) Sunday– Year A: Matthew– Year B: Mark– Year C: Luke
• Good Friday– Every year: John
Gethsemane
Jesus in the Garden
• Mark– Resigned (doesn’t respond to Judas or to
the cutting off of the slave’s ear)– Abandoned (young man runs away naked
[14:51-52])• Matthew
– Extremely similar to Mark (came back three times to find the disciples sleeping, etc.)
– Emphasis on Mount of Olives (2 Samuel 15:30-31)
– Rebukes the one who cut off the slave’s ear
Jesus in the Garden
• Luke– Less dramatic than Matthew/Mark
•“As was his custom”•No rebuke of disciples, who only fall
asleep once
– Jesus is not sorrowful to death •Faithful to God•An angel comes to comfort Him•Heals the slave’s ear
Jesus in the Garden
• John– Doesn’t ask God to take the cup
from Him (12:27)– Expects Judas (goes out to meet
him)– Identifies Peter as the sword-
wielder
Jesus Before the Sanhedrin, and Peter’s
Denial
Sanhedrin Trial• Mark & Matthew
– Witnesses give conflicting testimony– Jesus remains silent, until asked if He
is the Christ• Mark: “I am.”• Matthew: “You have said so.”• Both: “And you will see the Son of man
seated at the right hand of Power, and coming with the clouds of heaven.”
– Mark only: unanimous verdict– Matthew only
• Judas returns money to the chief priests and hangs himself (II Samuel 17:23)
Sanhedrin Trial• Luke
– Trial takes place the following day• Night reserved for Peter’s denials• Jesus present with Peter (only in Luke)
– No false witnesses– Jesus composed (at peace, innocent)
• John– Trial before Annas, Caiaphas’s father-
in-law– Answers are open, defiant– Emphasis on “another disciple”
Sanhedrin Trial Summary
Mark Matthew Luke John
Time Night Night Day Night
JudgesHigh priest
CaiaphasChief
priests & scribes
Annas
False witnesse
sYes Yes No No
Jesus’ answers
Clear Indirect Obscure Defiant
Roman Trial
Roman Trial
• Mark– Second trial before Sanhedrin? (15:1)– Few details (Pilate already knows the story)– Pilate is an empty character (not ennobled),
who caves easily to the crowd’s demands
• Matthew– Only mention of Pilate’s wife’s dream– “His blood be on us and on our children.”
(27:25)
Roman Trial
• Luke– Pilate finds no crime in Jesus, sends Him to
Herod, who mocks him and sends Him back to Pilate
– Pilate intends to set Jesus free• John
– Involved exchange between Jesus and Pilate– Jesus is mocked (crown of thorns, purple robe)
before being convicted• “Behold, the man.”
Roman Trial Summary
Mark Matthew Luke John
Other Trials
1? (Sanhedri
n)0 0
1 (Herod)
Pilate’s wife
Absent Dream Absent Absent
PilateEmpty, weak
Empty, weak
Noble Complex
Mocking
After sentence
After sentenc
e
After sentence
Before sentence
Crucifixion, Death, and Burial
Crucifixion, Death, and Burial
• Mark– Three-fold structure: 3-fold prayer in
Gethsemane, Peter’s denials, 3rd/6th/9th hours, three groups mock Jesus
– OT references• “Save yourself” – Psalm 22:8-9• World plunged into darkness – Amos 8:9• “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”
– Only thing Jesus says in Mark (and Matthew)
– Only later do we hear of onlookers– Joseph of Arimathea was “courageous”– Pilate checks to make sure Jesus is dead
Crucifixion, Death, and Burial
• Matthew– Only gospel that mentions
• wine mixed with gall (Psalm 69:22)• an earthquake and the dead rising when the
Temple veil is torn• guards at the tomb
Crucifixion, Death, and Burial
• Luke– Only gospel that
• Doesn’t mention mocking by the soldiers– Did the chief priests lead Jesus to His death?
• Mentions Jews who are not Jesus’ followers but are sympathetic (“daughters of Jerusalem”)
• “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.”
• Has one thief repent (and call Him Jesus, otherwise only done by blind beggar of Jericho)
Crucifixion, Death, and Burial
• John– No Simon of Cyrene (Jesus carries His
own Cross)– Women and disciples are at the foot of
the Cross• Matthew/Mark: women are far away,
disciples have fled
– Victorious Jesus – mission completed– Only mention of Nicodemus
Crucifixion Summary
Mark Matthew Luke John
Penitent
thieves0 0 1 0
Sayings
Eli, eli, lama
sabachthani
Eloi, eloi, lama
sabachthani
ForgiveThief
Commend
BeholdI thirstFinishe
d
Final words
Abandon-ment
Abandon-ment
TrustTriump
h
Theories of Atonement
• Satisfaction (Anselm, 11th century)– Predominant in conservative circles
• Christus Victor (Aulen, 20th century)– C.S. Lewis, Chronicles of Narnia
• Moral example• Inevitable, if not necessary
Upcoming Schedule• NEXT Wednesday, August 17, 7 PM
– The Resurrection of Jesus
• Wednesday, August 24, 7 PM– Who is Jesus for Us Today?
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