the diesel engine powering light-duty vehicles: today and

10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference Coronado, CA (USA)August 29th – September 2, 2004

The Diesel Engine Powering Light Duty Vehicles –Today and Tomorrow

K.-P. SchindlerVolkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline

Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislationFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyConclusionConclusionConclusion

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Energy

Greenhouse effect CO2

Exhaust gas emissions CO, NOx, HC, PM

Importance

Environmental driving forces of vehicle development

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Why do we need Diesel engines?

The modern TDI engine is ....– powerful– economical– ecological– future-oriented

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

powerful

The modern TDI engine is …

because it is a mature high-tech product with– high traction power– high elasticity

and impressing with itsspeed– acceleration– handling– comfort

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

0

100

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300

400

500

600

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

Torq

ue [l

b*ft]

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Pow

er [h

p]

Touareg V10 5.0L TDI

Touareg V8 4.2L

Touareg

The TDI is powerful …

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

0

50

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1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

Torq

ue [l

b*ft]

0

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p]

Diesel 2.0L TDI

Gasoline 2.0L

Passat

The TDI is powerful …

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

0

50

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1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

Torq

ue [l

b*ft]

0

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er [h

p]

Diesel 2.0L TDI

Gasoline 2.0L

42 mpg30 mpgMileage

11.5 s13.5 sElasticity 50-75 mph

130 hp (96 kW) @ 4000rpm

130 hp (96 kW) @ 5700 rpm

Max. Power

9.9 s9.9 sAcceleration 0-62 mph

130 mph(208 km/h)

131 mph(210 km/h)

Max. Speed

228 lb*ft (310 Nm)@ 1900rpm

144 lb*ft (195 Nm) @ 3300 rpm

Max. Torque

Diesel 2.0L TDIGasoline 2.0L

Passat

The TDI is powerful …

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

economical

The modern TDI engine is …

because of– low fuel consumption– extreme durability

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Jetta

… highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities

35.6

20.6

54.7

37.3

46.1

29.0

Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp

-42%

-32%

urban extraurban totalEuropean Cycle:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

The TDI is economical …

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp

Passat

… highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities

30.5

20.5

52.3

39.242.0

29.4

Mileage [mpg]

-33%

-25%

urban extraurban totalEuropean Cycle:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

The TDI is economical …

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Ecological

The modern TDI engine is …

because– it saves the resources worldwide due to its outstanding

fuel economy

– it enables low environmental pollution

– it contributes very little to greenhouse relevant gases

– the particulate emissions have been reduced by over 90% since 1988

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

CO2 Emissions /Greenhouse Potential32%

Fuel consumption

N2OCH4

Fuel distributionFuel productionExploration & delivery

Gasoline Passat 96 kW

Diesel Passat 96 kW

8.5

7.0

13.8

4.6

5.3

2.9

0.6

0.1

4.7

3.9

151.0

192.0

224.9

169.5

g CO2/km

The TDI is ecological …

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Why do customers in Europe purchase Diesel engine vehicles?

TDI technology closed the gap to the gasoline engine on– Performance– Noise– Emissions

TDI has increased fuel economy/reduced CO2 emissions dramaticallyTDI provides lower operating costs

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

We are convinced that the TDI is a solution for future powertrains for light duty vehicles

Conclusion

Modern TDI Diesel technology has come a long way since the old diesel engines of the pastThe modern TDI Diesel engine is not only powerful but also very economicalIn Europe a major progress in lowering the exhaust gas emissions has taken place

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline

Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: Examples

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Cylinder number: 4Displacement: 1.5LPower: 50 HP Rotational speed: 5000 rpmMaximum torque: 62 lb*ft (84 Nm)Maximum speed: 87 mph0-100 km/h: 18 secConsumption: 36.2 mpgCar weight: 780 kg

42.0L140 HP 4200 rpm236 lb*ft (320 Nm)126 mph9.3 sec42.8 mpg1400 kg

First Diesel Engine for the Golf I 1976 and latest Diesel Engine for the Golf V 2003

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

VW Lupo 3L TDIthe first 3 liter/100km = 78 mpg car in production

The first "3 l" vehicle in production (1999)

1.2 L TDI engine with unit injector

61 hp (45 kW)

78 mpg (2.99 L/100km)

Euro 4 (2005) emission standard

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

• 0.3 l SDI 1cyl. • 6,3 kW (8,6 hp)• 0,99 l/100 km(235 mpg)

• Euro 4 limits

The first " 1 l" Car Demonstration of Feasibility (2001)

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

230 kW

750 Nm

V10 TDI: Strongest Diesel in Production

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

• 5.0 l TDI 10 cyl.• 230 kW (313 hp)• 11,4 l / 100 km (20,6 mpg)

VW Phaeton V10 TDIStrongest Diesel in Production

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline

Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislation

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

0

0.020.040.060.080.10

Particulates [g/mi]

0.120.14

0

USA

Tier 0

Tier 1

Tier 2 Bin5

NOx [g/mi]

0.160.18

0.4 0.80.6 1.20.2 1.0 1.4

2000

2005

EU

1996

2010 ?

PM orientedlegislation

NOx orientedlegislation

Legislation requirements in EU and US Passenger cars

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

TIER 2/LEV 2 emission standard for passenger cars

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline

Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislationFuture solutions

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Particulatefilter

NOx exhaust gas aftertreatment

Oxidationcatalytic

converter

Fuel

Improved internal combustion

Building blocks of diesel development

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Unit injector in two-valve cylinder head

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Four-valve cylinder headSimulation of intake flow, swirl axis

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Oxidating catalytic converter principle

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Diesel Particulate Filter - Function

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline

Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislationFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture fuel strategy

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

... to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions:

Need for better fuel quality

optimized combustion processes efficient oxidation catalytic converterparticulate matter aftertreatmentnitrogen oxide aftertreatment

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

US 2006

Future US 2003

EU 2003

Sulphur content[ppm ]

< 10 10 350 < 15

Polyaromatics content (Tri+)[mass percent ]

< 0.5 1.0 3.0 3.0

Cetane number[ - ]

> 55 53 46 < 50

Improvement of fuel quality

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Volkswagen‘s fuel strategy

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Further development of ICE

Manifold injection

Direct injectionwall guided

Direct injectionspray guided

Direct injection

auto-ignition

Gasoline engine

Prechamber

Partly homogen spark ignition

High pressure

injectionDirect injection

Combined Combustion

System

Diesel engine

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

Outline

Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislationFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyConclusion

Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

ConclusionFor the development of diesel engines we have touse leading edge technologyMain focus of the diesel engine development is an optimised internal combustion system to achieve the emission standardsFor the LEV 2/BIN 5 limits we need:– a new combustion process– an optimised aftertreatment system– a high standard of fuel quality