the elizabethan era
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A brief overview
The Elizabethan Era
French word meaning “rebirth”Occurred throughout Europe14th – 16th centuriesIntellectual advancesEconomic boom In England, also known as the Elizabethan
Era during Queen Elizabeth’s reign (1558 – 1603)
Renaissance
High society, nobles and their “obligations”Elizabethan progresses and their expensesHouse structure changed
More timber usedBuilt less for defense
Beds!Straw mattress to feather bed4 poster beds = Bequeathed in wills
Every day life
HusbandFarmer Tradesman
WifeHead of householdManaged children, servants, house
Typically 3 – 5 childrenWealthy families as many as 12Children leave as teens
Farm handsDomestic servantsApprentices
Family Life
Prepared over open fireVegetables
Garlic, eggplant, asparagus, onions, leeks, peas, cabbage, lettuce, parsnips, radishes, spinach, carrots, beets, artichokes
Fruits and nutsApples, plums, lemons, oranges, apricots, almonds,
melons, strawberries, limes, grapes, hazelnuts, pomegranates
Meat and fowlBeef, pork, chicken, duck, rabbit, goat, deer, boar,
badger, hedgehog, pheasant, trout, cod, salmon, perch, eels
Food
Most homes do not have an ovenPrepare food in home, pay to have it cooked or
bakedNo meat on Fridays or Saturdays (fishing
industry)Elaborate meals
Breakfast very informal meal (just to break the fast)
Main meal is dinner, 11 o’clock (lasted 3 hours)Small supper around 6 o’clock
Food
Latin = language of literacyPlays performed on inn courtyards
Open air in the center or pitPerformed during the day
Difficulty lighting stageUnsafe travel at night
No females performed in productions
Female roles performed by young boys
Literature and the Arts
This is a picture of the stage of the Globe Theater as it has been rebuilt (completed in 1997).
Theaters
A view of the gallery from the side
TheatersThe groundling area
The Bubonic Plague (also known as the “Black Death”)
Epidemics in 1535, 1545, 1563, 1589, 1603Devastated 30 – 60% of the population of EuropeAlmost 100% mortality rateSpread most rapidly in cities
High concentration of populationVery unsanitary
RatsFleas
People moved to the countrysideEconomic depression
The Plague
WatchmenKept watch over
“infected” housesNo one in or out
(death warrant for all inside)
Sustenance through lowered pail
Cart away bodies of victims
Put in pitsVery well
compensatedHigh mortality rateWorked at night
The PlagueDeath Cart Labourers
The Plague• Symptoms and development:• Buboes (groin, neck, armpits)• Fever and vomiting blood• Red rash (flea bites)• Death within two to seven days of contraction
Ring a-round the rosyPocket full of posies
Ashes, ashes!We all fall down!
Ring around the rosy: rosary beads give you God's help. A pocket full of posies: used to stop the odor of rotting
bodies which was at one point thought to cause the plague, it was also used widely by doctors to protect them from the infected plague patients.
Ashes, ashes: the church burned the dead when burying them became to laborious.
We all fall down: dead.
Ring around the rosy
PhysiciansUniversity training (usually Italy or France)Usually only cared for the wealthyDealt more with theory than actual practice
SurgeonsTreated woundsAmputated limbsSet broken bonesLearned most in the battlefields
ApothecariesDispensed drugs and herbal remediesMost people used – not enough physicians for all
Medical Care
Sumptuary LawsUsed by Elizabeth’s sister and father before
herDictated what people could own, wear, useClear distinctions between classesClothing
Colors confined to class, social status, wealthFabrics determined by place in societyEasy way to identify rank and privilege!
Not very strictly enforced Could result in fine and jail time if not followed
Elizabethan Dress
Elizabethan DressWomen
Dressing could take as long as half an hour
Depended on age, social status, taste, body type
Smock – to protect Stockings Corset Spanish farthingale (skirt
hoop) Bumroll Kirtle and forepart Partlet (shirt) Gown and sleeves Shoes
Elizabethan DressMen
ChemisesClothing adorned with
lace and frillsCravatsSilk stockingsLengthened britches
(ornately decorated)Thigh-high bootsHigh decorative emphasisHats
BroadSometimes trimmed with
gems
Boys can marry at 14, girls at 12Not advised until 22, and 18
BethrothalMarriage was not for love (considered foolish)Bride to be taken care of by man (husband’s
property)Children are expected
Parents and friends find suitable match (older and wiser)
Marriages
Included the Reign of Elizabeth I400% increase in London population Increased interest in the arts (especially
theater!)Advances in medicines and sciencesHumanity comes under the microscopeTime of promise, prosperity
British Renaissance
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