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The Endocrine System
Image from: http://stewardess.inhatc.ac.kr/philoint/culture/images-system/endocrine-system-01.gif
FunctionThe body system that consists of glands
and regulates your hormones.Hormones: Chemical messengers that are
released into the bloodstream to control many of your body’s activities.
Gland: A group of cells or an organ that releases a hormone.
Pituitary GlandProduces hormones that control other
glandsProduces hormones that control bone
growth and movement of involuntary muscles.
Image from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/17227.jpg
Adrenal GlandTwo glands over the kidneysControl water balanceAid with digestionSecrete adrenaline, which helps the body
respond quickly in an emergency.
Fight or Flight?
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PancreasProduces digestive enzymes and chemicals
that control blood sugar levelsReleases insulin, which lowers blood sugar
by helping move sugar from blood into body cells for conversion to energy.
Image from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8883.jpg
Parathyroid GlandsFour small glands on the thyroidControl the amounts of calcium and
phosphorus in the body
Image from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8890.jpg
Thyroid GlandsProduce thyroxine, which controls
metabolism.
Image from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8966.jpg
OvariesTwo female reproductive glandsProduce egg cellsProduce estrogen, the female sex hormone
that controls development of secondary sex characteristics in females.
TestesTwo male reproductive glandsProduce sperm cellsProduce testosterone, the male sex
hormone that controls development of secondary sex characteristics in males.
Understanding How Your Body is ChangingPuberty: A stage of growth and
development when secondary sex characteristics appear in males and females.In females, this normally begins between the
ages of 8 and 13In males, this normally begins between the
ages of 10 and 15
Secondary Sex CharacteristicsMalesIncreased height and
muscle massDeepening voiceIncreased
perspirationGrowth of facial,
underarm, and pubic hair
FemalesIncreased heightIncreased
perspirationGrowth of underarm
and pubic hairEnlargement of
breast tissueOnset of
menstruation Both males and females may experience changes in mood due to changing levels of hormones.
Diabetes mellitusThe body produces little or no insulin or
cannot use insulinSymptoms:
Weight lossLow energyExtreme thirstFrequent urination
Three types:Type 1: occurs most often among children and
adolescentsType 2: usually occurs during adulthood and is
related to obesityGestational: may occur during pregnancy
HyperthyroidismExcessive amounts of thyroxine are released into
the bodyMakes your body systems work faster than they
shouldSymptoms:
FatigueWeight lossRapid heartbeatMuscle weaknessIrritabilityNervousness
Treatments include medications, surgeries, and radiation
HypothyroidismNot enough thyroxine is released into the
bodyForces the body systems to work slower
than they shouldSymptoms:
Weight gainSluggishnessMuscle weaknessDifficulty concentratingDepression
Treatment: medication (oral thyroxine)
Tips for Endocrine HealthGet regular medical checkupsGet enough rest and sleepStay physically active every dayEat healthful meals
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