the female reproductive system...functions of the female reproductive system • ova production •...
Post on 31-Dec-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
The Female Reproductive
System
Ovary
Objective
To learn the structure of the ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and vagina
To learn how these organs contribute to the many functions of the female reproductive system
To learn how hormones regulate and/or orchestrate the female reproductive processes
Functions of the female
reproductive system
• Ova production
• Ova and sperm transportation
• Microenvironments for fertilization
• Implantation and fetal-placental growth
• Nourishment and support of offspring
• Postnatal repetition
Female Reproductive System
Female
Reproductive System
Ovary
General structure
• Germinal epithelium
• Tunica Albuginea
• Medulla
• Cortex
Functional
overview
Origin of
germ cells
Germinal epithelium
Cortex
Ovary
Primary Follicle
Follicle Maturation
Primordial follicles
• Oocyte
• Follicular (granulosa) cells
Follicle Maturation
Primary follicle
• Zona pellucida
• Stratum granulosum
• Thecal folliculi
• Call-Exner bodies
Follicle Maturation
• Secondary (antral) follicle:
Follicular fluid
Membrana
granulosa
Cumulus oophorus
Corona radiata
Theca interna
Theca externa
Follicles
Follicle maturation
Graafian follicle
Graafian follicle egg
Primordial Follicle
Primordial Follicles
Primary Follicle Zona Pellucida
Primary Follicle
Primary Follicles
Primary follicle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call-Exner_bodies
Secondary (antral) Follicle
Secondary (antral) follicle
Graafian follicle
Graafian follicle
Ovulation
Ovulation
Rupture of follicle
– Mechanism unknown collagenase, protease, plasmins
– Not pressure related
Oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida & corona radiata
– Lost at ovulation in cow
– Lost after sperm penetration in most species
After ovulation, the corpus luteum develops from remains of the follicular wall after ovulation.
Corpus Luteum - yellow body
Corpus hemorrhagicum –
transitory structure
caused by hemorrhage
into ruptured follicle
Corpus Luteum - yellow body
Luteinization of
granulosa and theca
cells to luteal cells
Corpus Luteum - yellow body
Granulosa lutein cells - granulosa cells proliferate, hypertrophy, and transform
– (Yellow lipid pigment - lutein marks transitory membrana granulosa cells into granulosa lutein cells)
Corpus Luteum - yellow body
(Invasion of stromal cells and vasculature removes clot, deposition of reticular fibers, highly vascularized)
Theca lutein cells - lipid producing cells formed from theca folliculi interna
Fate relates to pregnancy
– If not pregnant: slow regression corpus albicans
– If pregnant: active for all or to various time during pregnancy
Ovary
Atresia
– Glassy membrane
Ovary
Corpus Luteum
– Granulosa lutein cells
– Theca lutein cells
Corpus Luteum
Corpus Luteum
Corpus luteum – Corpus albicans
Hormones orchestrate the process
Ovarian Hormones
Androgens
– LH stimulation causes theca interna cells to produce androgens (androstenedione and testosterone)
Estrogens
– FSH stimulation causes membrana granulosa cells to produce estrogens (estradiol - 17b)
• Granulosa cells aromatize androgens from theca interna cells to produce estrogens
• Estrogens - induce further proliferation of granulosal cells
Ovarian Hormones
Inhibition of FSH
– Folliculostatin - inhibitory substance has negative feedback on FSH
– Steroidsthemselves work through negative feedback
Progesterone - granulosa lutein cells of corpus luteum
– Uterine gland development
– Maintenance of pregnancy
Relaxin - produced by corpus luteum
– Causes relaxation of ligaments associated with pubic symphysis before partarition
Oogenesis - formation and
development of ova
Mitosis (oocytogenesis) – oogonia
– Prenatal development (ruminants, rodent, swine, human)
– Postnatal development (carnivores)
Oogenesis - formation and
development of ova
Meiosis – oocytes
Early development
Maturation arrest (dictyate step of meiotic prophase)
Later development synchronized with development and maturation of follicles
Division
• First meiotic division –
reduction division –
first polar body
• Second meiotic division – equational division –
second polar body
Meiosis
Zygote
Fertilized
1n
Meiosis (only in spermatogenesis and
oogenesis)
Exchange of genetic material in homologous chromosomes (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, and diplotene steps of development)
Produces haploid condition of gametes
Meiosis (only in spermatogenesis and
oogenesis)
Produces haploid condition of gametes
Species difference in time of polar
body formation
Polar body extrusion many mammals horse and dog
First preovulation postovulation
Second zona penetration zona penetration
of sperm of sperm
First polar body
Birth
Follicular development - synchronized with
gamete development
Type Description Germ cell type
Primordial flattened follicular primary oocyte cells
Primary low cuboidal primary oocyte follicular cells
Secondary yolk formation primary oocyte zona pellucida theca interna theca folliculi externa
Follicular development - synchronized with
gamete development (cont’d)
Type Description Germ Cell type
Vesicular follicle - Call-Exner bodies primary oocyte (tertiary follicle) (precursors of liquor folliculi)
- Formation of follicular antrum
- Cumulus oophorus- mound of cells
- Corona radiata- adjacent to oocyte nutrients
- Stratum granulosum
Mature follicle - preovulatory primary/ (graafian follicle) largest, extend secondary from cortex to surface of ovary oocyte
Fallopian tube (oviduct or uterine tube)
Segments
• Infundibulum with fimbriae
• Ampulla
• Isthmus
• Intramural segment
Fallopian tube (oviduct or uterine tube)
Wall structure and Variation
Epithelium
• Ciliated cells
• Secretory cells
Oviduct
Oviduct
Oviduct
Normal
Lack of
estrogen
Oviduct
Oviduct
Oviduct
Acrosome reacted
Intact
Uterus
General structure:
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
• Zona basalis
• Zona functionalis
- spiral arteries
Zona Functionalis
Spiral arteries
Proliferative Phase
Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
Overview
Menstrual phase: days 1-4
Proliferative phase
– Early: days 4-7
– Late: days 7-14
Secretory phase:
– Early: days 15-21
– Late: days 21-28
Menstruation
Decidual reaction
Hormones Orchestrate the Process
Menstruation
Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
Implantation and Fetal-Placental
Growth
Implantation and Fetal-Placental
Growth
Slide 272
Implantation and Fetal-Placental
Growth
Decidual
Reaction
Cervix
Vagina
Endocervix
– Cervical mucus
External os
Ectocervix
Vagina
Structural components
Epithelium
Endocervix Cervical Mucus
Endocervix ends in the
vagina which has no mucus glands
http://women.webmd.com/vaginal-discharge-whats-abnormal
Vagina
Nourishment and
protection of
offspring
Nourishment and
protection of
offspring
Other glands of epidermal origin –
mammary gland
Gland for which our class, mammalia, was named.
Mammals are characterized by hair on skin, special
ear bones, and in females, milk-producing mammary
glands for nourishment of young.
• Http://www.Youtube.Com/watch?V=_44uagjogyk&feature=fvwrel
Leiomyoma
Ovary
Ovary
Primary follicle
Primordial follicles
Corpus luteum
Female Reproductive System
Eye Next time
top related