the five themes of geography - millwood history · 2018. 9. 1. · the five themes of geography a...
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The Five Themes of Geography
A Framework for Studying the
World
North Carolina Geographic Alliance
PowerPoint Presentations
2007
Essential Question
What are the 5 themes of Geography and why
do we use various map projections?
Theme 1: Location
• Where is It?
• Why is It There?
Two Types of Location
•Absolute
•Relative
Absolute Location
• A specific place on the Earth’s surface
• Uses a grid system
• Latitude and longitude
• A global address
OklahomaAbsolute Location
• Oklahoma City
35° N Latitude
97° W longitude
Relative Location
• Where a place is in relation to another place
• Uses directional words to describe
– Cardinal and intermediate directions
Oklahoma
• Oklahoma is bordered by Kansas and Colorado on the north, Texas on the south, New Mexico and Texas on the west, and Arkansas and Missouri on the east.
• Oklahoma is one of the Southwestern States
Regions = places united by specific characteristics
Formal Regions = a region defined by a common characteristic. Ex. The Corn Belt
Functional Regions = a central point and the surrounding territories linked to it. Ex. Houston
Perceptual Regions = a region defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective dataEx. The Deep South
Cultural Regions = a region defined many factors such as government, social groups, economic systems, language, or religionEx. The Middle East
Theme 2: Regions
Theme 3: Physical Geography
Physical Land Characteristics
• Land Features
• Mountains, plains, and plateaus
• Climate
• Bodies of Water
• Ecosystem
Physical Characteristics
http://www.wetmaap.org/Cape_Hatteras/ch_tm_2.html
Photos above: Steve Pierce
Theme 4: Human Systems
• People
• Culture
• Language
• Religion
• Buildings and Landmarks
• Cities
• Movement
Human Systems
Movement
The Mobility of
• People
• Goods
• Ideas
How Places are linked to one another and the world
Movement
http://www.marad.dot.gov/Gallery/MoreheadCity/pages/Ming%20Europe.htm
http://www.evertize.com/land/images/I-40-64%20interchange.JPG
Theme 5: Human-Environment Interaction
How People Interact With Their Environment
People . . .
• Adapt to Their Environment
• Modify Their Environment
• Depend on Their Environmenthttp://www.fotosearch.com/comp/corbis/DGT119/BAG0017.jpg
Human Environment Interaction
http://aam.wcu.edu/grant/images/Fontana%20Dam%20Shirley.jpg
http://www.ee.duke.edu/~sag8/Duke/02-03/PiKA/Fall%20Break/Fall_Break_02.htm
http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/091002/images/mallc.jpg
From Globes
to Maps 4
From Globes to Maps:
To create maps, cartographers project the round earth onto a flat surface–making a map projection.
There are more than a hundred kinds of map projections, some with general names and some named for the cartographers who developed them.
The basic categories of map projections are shown here: planar, cylindrical, Conic, and Mercator.
From Globes
to Maps 6
Cylindrical Projection A cylindrical projection is based on the projection of the globe onto a cylinder. This projection is most accurate near the Equator, but shapes and distances are distorted near the Poles.
From Globes
to Maps 7
Conic Projection A conic projection comes from placing a cone over part of a globe. Conic projections are best suited for showing limited east–west areas that are not too far from the Equator. For these uses, a conic projection can indicate distances and directions fairly accurately.
Common
Map
Robinson Projection The Robinson projection has minor distortions. The sizes and shapes near the eastern and western edges of the map are accurate, and the outlines of the continents appear much as they do on the globe. However, the shapes of the polar areas appear somewhat distorted.
Common
Map
Mercator Projection The Mercator projection, once the most commonly used projection, increasingly distorts size and distance as it moves away from the Equator. This makes areas such as Greenland and Antarctica look much larger than they would appear on a globe. However, Mercator projections do accurately show true directions and the shapes of landmasses, making these maps useful for sea travel.
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