the french and indian war
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The French and Indian War
MAIN IDEA: Britain’s Victory in the French and Indian War Marked the End of the French Empire in North America.
BackgroundFrench and Spanish owned land surrounding British coloniesColonies could not expandOhio River Valley was extremely important to French:
Connected land in Canada to land on the Mississippi River
French had profitable trade relations with N-A’sBritain wanted to trade with N-A’s for fur
Native Americans Choose Sides
Native Americans needed to choose sides:
British:• Farmers• Cleared/destroyed N-A land• Allies with Iroquois• Iroquois and British were enemies of the
Algonquin and Huron tribes
Native Americans Choose Sides
French:Trappers and TradersDid not clear/destroy landMarried into and adopted N-A waysAllies with Algonquin and Huron Tribes
Fighting Breaks out in 1754
British traveled into French land (in the Ohio River Valley)Built Fort Necessity near French Fort Duquesne
Built by George Washington
French attacked and wonReleased Washington
Albany Congress of 1754
Delegates from 7 colonies2 Goals:
Cement alliance with IroquoisPlan a united Colonial defense
Albany Plan of Union:Ben FranklinWanted to unite the colonies under one commanderAll colonies rejected the plan
British Luck
British lost most battlesWilliam Pitt turned the tied of the War
Became head of the British gvn’t in 1757Encouraged colonists to join the fight by offering them large payments for supplies and serviceSeized Fort Duquesne and renamed it Fort Pitt
End of the War
1759, British claimed Quebec (France’s most important possession)1763, the Treaty of Paris was signed:
Ended conflictMarked the end of French power in North America
Treaty of Paris
Britain gained all French land East of the Mississippi River except New Orleans and West IndiesSpain gained all French land West of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
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