the glory that was rome from republic to empire

THE GLORY THAT THE GLORY THAT WAS ROMEWAS ROMEFROM REPUBLIC FROM REPUBLIC

TO EMPIRETO EMPIRE

ROMAN INFLUENCESROMAN INFLUENCES

•GOVERNMENT•CANNONS OF LAW•BASIS OF LANGUAGE

•LEGAL SYSTEM

ROMULUS AND REMUSROMULUS AND REMUS•MYTHOLOGICAL BROTHERS THAT

WANDERED OFF AND BECAME LOST

•THEY WERE RAISED BY A SHE WOLF

•ROMULUS KILLS HIS BROTHER REMUS

• IT IS FOR ROMULUS THAT ROME GETS IT’S NAME

ROMAN REPUBLICROMAN REPUBLIC• BEGAN IN 509 BC AND

LASTED UNTIL 31 BC• RULED BY A SENATE OF 2

HOUSES (BICAMERAL)• PATRICIANS - 200 FAMILIES

DESENDED FROM EARLY ROME

ROMAN GOVERNMENTROMAN GOVERNMENT

• CONSULS: 2 CHOSEN BY SENATE TO BE IN CHARGE FOR 1 YEAR, AFTER WHICH THEY HAD TO WAIT 5 YEARS TO RUN AGAIN

• DICTATOR: SENATE ELECTED FOR 6 MONTHS IN TIMES OF CRISIS

•PLEBIANS: 90% OF POPULATION,INCLUDES MERCHANTS,SLAVES, FARMERS.

•THEY HAD NO LAND OR FAMILY NAME

•ONLY MALES COULD BE CITIZENS

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT• PLEBIAN ASSEMBLY

• SENATE

• LOCAL MAGISTRATES

DAILY LIFEDAILY LIFE

• FAMILY #1

• EARLY EDUCATION DONE AT HOME

• COMMERCE VERY IMPORTANT AS IS MANUFACTURING

PUNIC WARSPUNIC WARS•CARTHAGE WAS LOCATED IN NORTH

AFRICA• IT WAS A POWERFUL CITY-STATE

THAT THREATENED THE ROMANS POWER IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

•ROME HAS BEST ARMY IN THE WORLD

•CARTHAGE HAS THE BEST NAVY IN THE WORLD

PUNIC WARSPUNIC WARS

•ROME V. CARTHAGE•THREE WARS 264-146 BC

•WARS FOUGHT OVER EXPANSION AND TRADING POWER

11STST PUNIC WAR PUNIC WAR

• 264-241 BC 23 YEARS • HAMILICAR BARCA LEADER OF

CARTHAGE• ROME COPIES CARTHAGES NAVAL

SHIPS BUT ADDS A RAMP WITH A SPIKE

• ROMANS INVADE SICILIY, SARDINIA, CORSICA, BECOME VASTLY MORE WEALTHY

RESULTS OF 1RESULTS OF 1STST PUNIC WAR PUNIC WAR

• THE AREAS BETWEEN CARTHAGE & ROME BECOME A POWDER KEG

• ROME LOST 20,000 MEN• CARTHAGE ANY WHERE

FROM 400,000 TO 500,000 MEN

22NDND PUNIC WAR PUNIC WAR

• HAMLICAR DIES AND HANNIBAL WHO WAS RAISED TO HATE THE ROMANS TAKE COMMAND

• ALONG WITH HASHDRUBAL THEY LEAD AN ATTACK ON THE ROMANS IN SAGENTO IN 219 BC

22NDND PUNIC WAR PUNIC WAR

• HANNIBAL USES ELEPHANTS LIKE TANKS TO CROSS THE ALPS

• TRUMPETS TO ACTION!!!!• HANNIBAL CAUGHT IN EARLY STORM

36 OF HIS 40 ELEPHANTS DIE AND HALF HIS MEN FREEZE TO DEATH

• BATTLE OF CANNAL—ROMANS ARE ROUTED BY THE ARMIES OF CARTHAGE (DEFENSE)

END OF 2END OF 2NDND PUNIC WAR PUNIC WAR

• IN 207 THE ROMANS CAPTURE AND BEHEAD HASDRUBAL

• THEY SEND IT TO HANNIBAL CAMP IN A SACK

• 202 Scipio Africanus decisively defeats Hannibal at Zama

• SCIPIO AFRICANUS: CONQUERER OF CARTHAGE—TOTALLY DESTROYED

RESULTS OF 2RESULTS OF 2NDND PUNIC WAR PUNIC WAR

• ROME AQUIRES: SPAIN, PORTUGAL, SAGENTO, MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF GOLD, WARSHIPS AND THEIR CARGO

• ROME LOSES 300,000 MEN

• CARTHAGE LOSES 600,000 MEN

• HANNIBAL FLEES TO ASIA MINOR AND IN 182 COMMITS SUICIDE REFUSING TO BECOME A PRISONER

33RDRD PUNIC WAR PUNIC WAR

• CARTHAGE ATTACKS ROME IN 150 BC

• BUT ACTUALLY THE ROMANS HAD PAID PEOPLE TO ATTACK THEM SO AS TO JUSTIFY ANOTHER WAR WITH CARTHAGE

• ROME ATTACKS CARTHAGE IN NORTH AFRICA

TOWARDS AN EMPIRETOWARDS AN EMPIRE

• ECONOMIC PROBLEMS CAUSED BY PUNIC WARS

• GRACCHUS BROTHERS=TIBERIUS AND GAIUS– PLEBIANS, SUGGESTED THAT SENATE SHOULD

GIVE LAND TO THE POOR TIBERIUS CLUBED TO DEATH FOR HIS TROUBLES

– SAME FATE FOR GAIUS FOR SUGGESTING POOR IN THE ARMY (ESACPED THROUGH SUICIDE)

• CAIUS MARIUS: ELECTED TO THE TRIBUNE (THE PLEBIAN ASSEMBLY)

• STANDARDIZED WEAPONS, NEW TACTICS OF BATTLE

• CRUSHES THE TEUTONI IN GAUL (MODERN FRANCE) RETURNED TO ROME A HERO

• DIES AT AGE OF 60 AFTER DEFEATING A 20 YEAR OLD IN A 7 MILE RACE, IN WHICH HE GAVE THE KID A MILE HEAD START

• SULLA: HE WILL PAVE THE ROAD FOR THE RISE OF JULIUS CAESAR

• DEFEATS MITHRIDATES IN ASIA MINOR AND BECAME ABSOLUTE MASTER OF ROME

• NAME TO POST OF DICTATOR AND UNLEASEHES HIS FURY ON THOSE WHO OPPOSED HIM

• 79 BC HE BECOMES DICTATOR FOR LIFE, ELIMINATES ALL COMPETITION

1ST 1ST TRIUMVIRATETRIUMVIRATE

•CAESAR, JULIUS•POMPEY•CRASSUS

POMPEYPOMPEY

• 77 BC APPOINTED TO DEAL WITH PIRATES IN THE MED.

• IN CONTROL WHEN THE REBELLION OF SPARTACUS TOOK PLACE

• CIVIL WAR BEGAN TO DOMINATE ROME

• SPARTACUS: SLAVE BORN IN THRACE. WILL LEAD LARGEST SLAVE REBELLION IN ROMAN HISTORY

• BATIATUS OWNED CAPUA THE BEST GLADIATOR SCHOOL IN ALL OF ROME, BOUGHT SPARTACUS

• MARCELLUS ONE OF THE GREATEST GLADIATORS IN HISTORY, SURVUIVED 12 YEARS AND WON HIS FREEDOM, TRAINED SPARTACUS

JULIUS CAESARJULIUS CAESAR

• WEALTHY PARTRICIAN • GREAT POLITICAL LEADER• 60 BC ALONG WITH CRASSUS &

POMPEY FORMED THE 1ST TRIUMVIRATE

• NONE OF THESE MEN TRUSTED EACH OTHER

• CRASSUS MOST WEALTHY LEAST TRUSTED

• CAESAR MARRIED HIS DAUGHTER OFF TO POMPEY

• TWO LEADING SENATORS CICERO AND CATO WERE OPPONENTS OF THE TRIUMVIRATE

• CAESAR HAD THE KICKED OUT• THREE MEN SEPARATE

• 53 BC CRASSUS DIES AND TRIUMVIRATE FALLS APART, POMPEY ALLIES WITH SENATE, BIG MISTAKE

• CAESAR FORCES OF CAESAR AND POMPEY GO TO WAR IN SPAIN—POMPEY WILL BE MURDERED IN EGYPT BY THE KING OF EGYPT, HIS HEAD GIVEN TO CAESAR AS A GIFT WHEN HE ARRIVES IN ALEXANDRIA.

• CAESAR TAKES EGYPTS KING HOSTAGE AND EVENTUALLY MUST FLEE EGYPT TO ESCAPE

CAESAR BECOMES EMPERORCAESAR BECOMES EMPEROR

• EGYPT BECOMES ALLY• 44 BC HE IS MADE DICTATOR FOR

LIFE• REFORMS ALL OF ROME

– ABOLISHED POLITICAL PARTIES, REVISED TAXATION, TRIPLED THE SENATE, **PARTRICAINS HATED CAESAR**

IDES OF MARCHIDES OF MARCH

• MADE RICH MAD BY RAISING TAXES

• ASSASSINATED: MARCH 15, 44 BC

• STABBED OVER 20 TIMES, HIS DEATH SIGNIFIED THE END OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

2ND TRIUMVIRATE2ND TRIUMVIRATE•OCTAVIAN•ANTONY: relative of Caesar

•LEPIDUS•1YR LATER OCTAVIAN RULES ALONE

AUGUSTUS CAESARAUGUSTUS CAESAR• ALONG WITH ANTONY DEFEATED

BRUTUS AND CRASSIUS, THE ASSASSIANS OF CAESAR

• ANTONY AND OCTAVIAN GO TO WAR OVER POWER, ANTHONY USES EGYPT AND CLEOPATRA TO BACK HIS PLAY

• DEFEATED MARC ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA AT BATTLE OF ACTIUM IN 31 BC

AUGUSTUS CAESARAUGUSTUS CAESAR

• OCTAVIAN CHANGES NAME TO AUGUSTUS CAESAR

• RULES DURING PAX ROMANA (ROMAN PEACE)

• VETOED ALL LAWS MADE BY SENATE

Pax RomanaPax Romana• 200 of Roman peace

• Supported the growth of business and a monetary system

•Police and Fire departments organized

• Emperors were worshipped as gods and allowed to chose successors

ROMAN ADVANCESROMAN ADVANCES

• Police and fire protection

• Excellent roads

• Law innocent until proven guilty

• Aqueducts

EntertainmentEntertainment

• Plays

• Boxing

• Chariot Races

• Gladiators

SPORTING ARENAS OF SPORTING ARENAS OF ROMEROME

• Coliseum • Circus Maximus

DEATH OF OCTAVIANDEATH OF OCTAVIAN

• Series of poor rulers

• Caligula: crazed-murderous

• Claudius: weak minded

• Nero: failed and Rome burned in civil unrest

•  Known as Caligula (Little Boot), a childhood nickname bestowed on him by the soldiers of his father, Germanicus Caesar, nephew and adoptive son of Tiberius.

Roman LeadersRoman Leaders

• Vespasian: AD 69 Destroyed temple in Jerusalem

• Titus: Commanded legions against Jerusalem and Christians

• Trajan: 98-117 AD Colorful Emperor, noted for huge battle against Jews at Alexandria, Egypt 115-116 AD

• Hadrian: Builds Hadrian's wall

• Marcus Aurelius: 161-180 AD Enlightened ruler

• Commodus: Megalomaniac murdered on Dec. 31st 192 AD

• Diocletian: 284-305 AD Commander of Imperial guard that become Emperor

• Constantine I: Ruler of Rome that moved capital to Byzantium

• Romulus Augustus: 476 AD Last western Emperor of Rome

PersecutionPersecution

• Christians killed by Romans

• Christianity banned

• Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity in 313

CHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITY• MONOTHEISTIC• BELIEF IN JESUS AS THE SON OF GOD AND

THE TRUE MESSIAH • TOTALLY FOREIGN TO THE ROMAN

LEADERS• TORTURED TO CONVERT AND USED AS

SPORT FOR THE ROMANS AMUSEMENT (LIONS)

• ROME CONVERTS WITH CONSTANTINE

POPEPOPE

• HEAD OF THE LATIN CHURCH IN ROME (THE CATHOLIC CHURCH)

• VICAR OF CHRIST ON EARTH

• MOST POWERFUL CHRISTIAN LEADER ON EARTH THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES

• APPOINTED BY PETER THE ROCK OF GOD

Decline of the Roman Decline of the Roman EmpireEmpire

• Political Instability

• Economic & Moral Decline

• Inflation

• Taxes

• Food shortage & Instability

• The Roman empire will split in 330 AD with Constantine moving it’s capital to the city of Byzantium (Constantinople)

• It will fall to the Byzantines in 476 AD